CN113588115A - Temperature measurement method based on multispectral colorimetry - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a temperature measurement method based on multispectral colorimetry, and belongs to the fields of spectral temperature measurement and non-contact temperature measurement. The invention decomposes the spectrum radiated by the object into monochromatic light with different wavelengths to different pixels of the imaging surface; calibrating optical system parameters, and calibrating wavelength distribution on pixels of an imaging device; different temperatures are generated by using a black body furnace, the radiated spectrum is decomposed into monochromatic light with different wavelengths to different pixels of an imaging surface of an imaging device, and voltages with different wavelengths are obtained; at the same temperature, carrying out colorimetric calculation on each wavelength signal pairwise, namely calculating the voltage ratio of each wavelength signal, and further calculating a temperature value obtained through the colorimetric calculation and the variance of all temperature values obtained through the colorimetric calculation; taking the temperature value with the minimum variance as a voltage ratio temperature curve; and measuring the temperature of other objects by using the voltage ratio temperature curve, and calculating a temperature value according to the voltage ratio. The invention improves the accuracy of temperature measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of spectral temperature measurement and non-contact temperature measurement, and particularly relates to a temperature measurement method based on multispectral colorimetry.
Background
The temperature is one of the most important parameters for determining the state of the substance, and the measurement and control of the temperature play an important role in national defense, military, scientific experiments and industrial and agricultural production. In particular, high temperature measurement plays an important role in the fields of aerospace, materials, energy, metallurgy and the like.
The temperature measurement method can be roughly divided into two methods: contact and non-contact methods. The contact thermometry method has an influence on the temperature distribution of the object to be measured due to the contact with the object to be measured, and cannot be applied to very high temperature measurement.
The current common non-contact temperature measuring methods include infrared thermal imaging temperature measurement, laser temperature measurement, multispectral temperature measurement and the like. The infrared thermal imaging temperature measurement can measure the temperature distribution, but the measurement of the transient temperature can not be realized because of the limitation of the response time of an imaging device; laser spectrum temperature measurement is a good temperature measurement means for a conventional object, however, in an environment with strong radiation light intensity, a laser signal is covered, and the composition of a substance is difficult to estimate by observing the change of a light beam penetrating through the object, so that the application of the laser spectrum temperature measurement has certain limitation; compared with other non-contact temperature measurement, the multispectral temperature measurement can estimate the temperature value according to the Planck radiation law through the radiation light intensity and multiple groups of wavelengths, and is a simple and better temperature measurement means. Compared with colorimetric temperature measurement, the multispectral temperature measurement mode developed based on the colorimetric temperature measurement idea overcomes the constraint that the spectrum is required to be single and the colorimetric spectrum is close, fully utilizes the full-wavelength spectrum, and has wider application without being limited to temperature measurement of grey body radiation objects. However, the multispectral thermometry needs to solve the problems of spectral separation and information processing thereof. Due to complex temperature measurement conditions, no method can meet the requirement of accurate measurement of high-speed dynamic temperature in all scenes at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of how to provide a temperature measurement method based on multispectral colorimetry, so that gross errors are eliminated by performing pairwise colorimetric calculation on each wavelength signal, and the accuracy of temperature measurement is improved.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a temperature measurement method based on multispectral colorimetry, which comprises the following steps:
s1, decomposing the spectrum radiated by the object into monochromatic light with different wavelengths to different pixels of the imaging surface of the imaging device;
s2, calibrating parameters of an optical system, and calibrating wavelength distribution on pixels of the imaging device: the spectrums with different wavelengths can be shot on different pixels of an imaging surface, and the corresponding positions of the different wavelengths on the pixels of the imaging device are recorded so as to calibrate the wavelength distribution on the pixels of the imaging device;
s3, generating different temperatures by using a black body furnace, decomposing the radiated spectrum into monochromatic light with different wavelengths to different pixels of an imaging surface of the imaging device, and acquiring voltages with different wavelengths;
s4, carrying out two-by-two colorimetric calculation on each wavelength signal at the same temperature, namely calculating the voltage ratio of each wavelength signal, and further calculating a temperature value obtained through the colorimetric calculation and the variance of all temperature values obtained through the colorimetric calculation;
s5, taking the blackbody furnace as a standard source to obtain a reference temperature, taking the calculated temperature as the reference temperature to perform accuracy analysis, and selecting a temperature value with the minimum variance as a voltage ratio-temperature curve;
and S6, inverting the temperature, measuring the temperatures of other objects by using the voltage ratio-temperature curve, and calculating a temperature value according to the voltage ratio.
Further, the method is applied to a temperature measurement system based on multispectral colorimetry, and the system is specifically divided into a spectrum taking unit, a photoelectric conversion unit and a main control processing unit.
Furthermore, the spectrum shooting unit comprises a telescope system, an aperture diaphragm, a collimation system, a dispersion system and a focusing system, and all the components are sequentially arranged and used for realizing the separation of the spectrum information; wherein, the telescope system captures the object light; the aperture diaphragm controls the field angle; the collimation system changes the light into a concentric light beam; the dispersion system is used for decomposing the concentric light beams into multiple spectrums; the focusing system is used for focusing the light rays with different wavelengths of the spectrum decomposed by the dispersion system on different image surfaces.
Further, the photoelectric conversion unit comprises a photosensitive detector array and an amplifying circuit, and is used for performing photocurrent conversion on the discretized spectrum of the radiation object; the photosensitive detector array is placed on an image surface and used for performing photocurrent conversion on spectral intensity on different image surfaces, output current is input into the amplifying circuit, and the amplifying circuit realizes current-voltage conversion and signal amplification.
Further, the photosensitive detector array comprises a plurality of pixels, each photodiode on each photosensitive detector array pixel represents a channel, and an amplifying circuit needs to be matched.
Furthermore, the amplifying circuit is a high dynamic range amplifying circuit composed of multi-stage amplifying circuits.
Further, the step S2 specifically includes: when the parameters of the optical system are calibrated, the optical device is fixed, light output by the monochromator is incident into the measuring system, the output wavelength of the monochromator is adjusted to move by a single wavelength, and the wavelength on each pixel is recorded and calibrated.
Further, the step S4 further includes: rejecting temperatures that exceed 3 times variance.
Further, the step S4 specifically includes: assuming the ith of the spectrum discretization, i-1 … n, the output electrical signal of the channel
Comprises the following steps:
in the formula, τ (λ)i) And S (lambda)i) Assay constants respectively representing the transmittance of the optical system and the sensitivity of the photosensor, which are wavelength-dependent and temperature-independent;
wherein the object radiation intensity at temperature T and wavelength λ according to planck's radiation law is:
wherein L (λ, T) is the radiance (W.m) of the object-2·μm-1·sr-1) λ is the wavelength (μm), and T is the absolute temperature (K); ε (λ, T) is the spectral emissivity of the object; planck's first radiation constant C1＝3.7415×108 W·μm4·m-2(ii) a Second radiation constant C2＝1.43879×104μm4·K；
By traversing the ratio of the voltages under two wavelengths, the temperature curve distribution under the optimal ratio wavelength is searched, the optimal result means that the spectral emissivities of the two wavelengths are similar, so the emissivities epsilon (lambda, T) are eliminated, and 1 in the denominator is neglected, so that the following can be obtained:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
and
respectively representing voltages at the same temperature point at different wavelengths, Ti,jIs shown at λiAnd λjThe same temperature measured at the two wavelengths; obtaining T by equation (3)i,jComprises the following steps:
the temperature calculated for each pair of combined wavelengths forms a matrix that can be expressed as:
if the temperature measured at the current two wavelengths is the same as the temperature measured at the other wavelengthsThe sum of the squares of the degree differences being minimal, i.e. Ti,jSatisfies the following conditions:
when, Ti,jAnd (3) the measured real temperature is shown, wherein p and q represent the p and q channels, and n represents the number of the channels.
Further, the step S5 specifically includes: and taking the black body furnace as a temperature test object, sampling the spectral data of each temperature point of each channel for multiple times, and averaging to obtain a relation curve of the actual temperature and the voltage ratio.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a temperature measurement method based on multispectral colorimetry, which is characterized in that radiation signals of multiple wavelengths are absorbed, coarse errors are eliminated through pairwise colorimetric calculation of the wavelength signals, and the accuracy of temperature measurement is improved. The invention takes radiation signals at multiple wavelengths, calculates the relationship between the temperature and the radiation signals in multiple wavelength bands, has higher temperature measurement precision, and has better corresponding relationship between the signals and the temperature.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a temperature measurement method of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a graph of the ratio of actual temperature to voltage of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, contents and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.
The invention provides a temperature measurement method based on multispectral colorimetry, which aims to absorb radiation signals of multiple wavelengths, eliminate gross errors by performing pairwise colorimetric calculation on the wavelength signals and improve the accuracy of temperature measurement.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a temperature measuring method based on multispectral colorimetry is applied to a temperature measuring system based on multispectral colorimetry and is specifically divided into a spectrum taking unit, a photoelectric conversion unit and a main control processing unit.
The spectrum shooting unit comprises a telescope system, an aperture diaphragm, a collimation system, a dispersion system and a focusing system, and all the components are sequentially arranged and used for realizing the separation of spectrum information; wherein, the telescope system captures the object light; the aperture diaphragm controls the field angle; the collimation system changes the light into a concentric light beam; the dispersion system is used for decomposing the concentric light beams into multiple spectrums; the focusing system is used for focusing the light rays with different wavelengths of the spectrum decomposed by the dispersion system on different image surfaces. Wherein the prism is a triangular prism. The object light rays are changed into multispectral which is uniformly distributed after passing through the telescope system, the aperture diaphragm, the collimation system and the dispersion system, and are focused on different image surfaces through the focusing system. The dispersive system comprises a prism or a grating or a combination of both.
The photoelectric conversion unit comprises a photosensitive detector array and an amplifying circuit and is used for performing photocurrent conversion on the discretized spectrum of the radiation object; wherein, the amplifying circuit is a high dynamic range amplifying circuit. The photosensitive detector array is placed on an image surface and used for performing photocurrent conversion on spectral intensity on different image surfaces, output current is input into the amplifying circuit, and the amplifying circuit realizes current-voltage conversion and signal amplification. Typically, the photosensitive detector array comprises a plurality of pixels, each of which has a photodiode representing a channel, and requires matching an amplifier circuit. The amplifying circuit is a high dynamic range amplifying circuit consisting of a plurality of stages of amplifying circuits.
The main control processing unit comprises a main control chip and an A/D circuit, the A/D circuit is used for carrying out analog-to-digital conversion on the voltage signals, and the main control chip is used for calibrating and measuring the temperature according to the voltage.
The temperature measurement method based on multispectral colorimetry comprises the following steps:
and S1, decomposing the spectrum radiated by the object into monochromatic light with different wavelengths to different pixels of the imaging surface of the imaging device. The imaging device is a photosensitive detector array.
S2, calibrating parameters of an optical system, and calibrating wavelength distribution on pixels of the imaging device: the spectrums with different wavelengths can be shot on different pixels of an imaging surface, and the corresponding positions of the different wavelengths on the pixels of the imaging device are recorded so as to calibrate the wavelength distribution on the pixels of the imaging device;
s3, generating different temperatures by using a black body furnace, decomposing the radiated spectrum into monochromatic light with different wavelengths to different pixels of an imaging surface of the imaging device, and acquiring voltages with different wavelengths;
and S4, carrying out two-by-two colorimetric calculation on each wavelength signal at the same temperature, namely calculating the voltage ratio of each wavelength signal, and further calculating the temperature value obtained through the colorimetric calculation and the variance of all temperature values obtained through the colorimetric calculation. Wherein temperatures exceeding 3 times variance are rejected.
S5, taking the blackbody furnace as a standard source to obtain a reference temperature, taking the calculated temperature as the reference temperature to perform accuracy analysis, and selecting a temperature value with the minimum variance as a voltage ratio-temperature curve.
And S6, inverting the temperature. And measuring the temperature of other objects by using the voltage ratio-temperature curve, and calculating a temperature value according to the voltage ratio.
The spectral discretization refers to focusing light of different wavelengths to different positions of a focal plane.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
when the parameters of the optical system are calibrated, an optical device is fixed, light output by a monochromator is incident into a measuring system, the output wavelength of the monochromator is adjusted, the light is moved by a single wavelength, and the wavelength on each pixel is recorded and calibrated;
the object radiation intensity at temperature T and wavelength λ according to planck's radiation law is:
wherein L (λ, T) is the radiance (W.m) of the object-2·μm-1·sr-1) λ is the wavelength (. mu.m), and T is the absolute valueTemperature (K); ε (λ, T) is the spectral emissivity of the object; planck's first radiation constant C1＝3.7415×108 W·μm4·m-2(ii) a Second radiation constant C2＝1.43879×104μm4·K。
The mathematical model of the invention is as follows: output electric signal of ith (i ═ 1 … n) channel assuming spectral discretization
Comprises the following steps:
in the formula, τ (λ)i) And S (lambda)i) The calibration constants are respectively expressed for the transmittance of the optical system and the sensitivity of the photosensor, which are dependent only on the wavelength and independent of the temperature.
By traversing the ratio of the voltages under two wavelengths, the temperature curve distribution under the optimal ratio wavelength is searched, the optimal result means that the spectral emissivities of the two wavelengths are similar, so the emissivities epsilon (lambda, T) are eliminated, and 1 in the denominator is neglected, so that the following can be obtained:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
and
respectively representing voltages at the same temperature point at different wavelengths, Ti,jIs shown at λiAnd λjThe same temperature measured at both wavelengths.
Formula (3) has two sides of the same ride
Obtaining:
taking logarithm at two sides of the formula (4) at the same time to obtain:
the derivation can be found as follows:
the temperature calculated for each pair of combined wavelengths forms a matrix that can be expressed as:
if the sum of the squares of the temperature differences measured at the current two wavelengths and the temperature differences measured at the other wavelengths is minimal, i.e. Ti,jSatisfies the following conditions:
when, Ti,jAnd (3) the measured real temperature is shown, wherein p and q represent the p and q channels, and n represents the number of the channels.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the temperature measuring method of the present invention.
A temperature measurement method based on multispectral colorimetry comprises the following steps:
1) and (4) spectrum discretization. Decomposing the spectrum radiated by the object into monochromatic light with different wavelengths to different pixels of an imaging surface of an imaging device;
2) and (6) temperature calibration. Different temperatures are generated by using a black body furnace, and radiation energy signals with various wavelengths are measured at various positions of an image surface;
3) and at the same temperature, carrying out pairwise colorimetric calculation on each wavelength signal, calculating the variance of all temperature values obtained through colorimetry, and rejecting the temperature exceeding 3 times of the variance.
4) The model of the multi-spectrum colorimetric data modeling and error analysis is shown in a formula (8), a reference temperature is generated by taking a blackbody furnace as a standard source, the calculated temperature is taken as the reference temperature for accuracy analysis, and a temperature value with the minimum error is selected to be used as a voltage ratio-temperature curve.
5) And (4) temperature inversion. And measuring the temperature of other objects by using the voltage ratio-temperature curve, and calculating a temperature value according to the measurement signal.
In this embodiment, a blackbody furnace is used as a temperature test object, spectrum data of each temperature point of each channel are sampled for multiple times and averaged, a relation curve of actual temperature and voltage ratio obtained by substituting the spectrum data into a mathematical model is shown in fig. 2, and the maximum relative error between a theoretical calculation value and an actual measurement value is 3.9% through error analysis.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A temperature measurement method based on multispectral colorimetry is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, decomposing the spectrum radiated by the object into monochromatic light with different wavelengths to different pixels of the imaging surface of the imaging device;
s2, calibrating parameters of an optical system, and calibrating wavelength distribution on pixels of the imaging device: the spectrums with different wavelengths can be shot on different pixels of an imaging surface, and the corresponding positions of the different wavelengths on the pixels of the imaging device are recorded so as to calibrate the wavelength distribution on the pixels of the imaging device;
s3, generating different temperatures by using a black body furnace, decomposing the radiated spectrum into monochromatic light with different wavelengths to different pixels of an imaging surface of the imaging device, and acquiring voltages with different wavelengths;
s4, carrying out two-by-two colorimetric calculation on each wavelength signal at the same temperature, namely calculating the voltage ratio of each wavelength signal, and further calculating a temperature value obtained through the colorimetric calculation and the variance of all temperature values obtained through the colorimetric calculation;
s5, taking the blackbody furnace as a standard source to obtain a reference temperature, taking the calculated temperature as the reference temperature to perform accuracy analysis, and selecting a temperature value with the minimum variance as a voltage ratio-temperature curve;
and S6, inverting the temperature, measuring the temperatures of other objects by using the voltage ratio-temperature curve, and calculating a temperature value according to the voltage ratio.
2. The method for temperature measurement based on multispectral colorimetry according to claim 1, wherein the method is applied to a temperature measurement system based on multispectral colorimetry, and the system is specifically divided into a spectrum uptake unit, a photoelectric conversion unit and a main control processing unit.
3. The multispectral colorimetric-based temperature measurement method according to claim 2, wherein the spectral uptake unit comprises a telescope system, an aperture diaphragm, a collimation system, a dispersion system and a focusing system, and all the components are sequentially arranged for realizing the separation of spectral information; wherein, the telescope system captures the object light; the aperture diaphragm controls the field angle; the collimation system changes the light into a concentric light beam; the dispersion system is used for decomposing the concentric light beams into multiple spectrums; the focusing system is used for focusing the light rays with different wavelengths of the spectrum decomposed by the dispersion system on different image surfaces.
4. The multi-spectral colorimetry based temperature measurement method according to claim 3, wherein the photoelectric conversion unit includes a photosensitive detector array and an amplifying circuit for performing photocurrent conversion on the discretized spectrum of the radiant object; the photosensitive detector array is placed on an image surface and used for performing photocurrent conversion on spectral intensity on different image surfaces, output current is input into the amplifying circuit, and the amplifying circuit realizes current-voltage conversion and signal amplification.
5. The method for multispectral colorimetric-based temperature measurement according to claim 4, wherein the photosensitive detector array comprises a plurality of pixels, and the photodiode on each pixel of the photosensitive detector array represents a channel to be matched with an amplifying circuit.
6. The method for multispectral colorimetric-based temperature measurement according to claim 4, wherein the amplification circuit is a high dynamic range amplification circuit comprising a plurality of stages of amplification circuits.
7. The method for multispectral colorimetric-based temperature measurement according to claim 4, wherein the step S2 specifically comprises: when the parameters of the optical system are calibrated, the optical device is fixed, light output by the monochromator is incident into the measuring system, the output wavelength of the monochromator is adjusted to move by a single wavelength, and the wavelength on each pixel is recorded and calibrated.
8. The method for multispectral colorimetric-based temperature measurement according to claim 1, wherein the step S4 further comprises: rejecting temperatures that exceed 3 times variance.
9. The method for multispectral colorimetric-based temperature measurement according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the step S4 specifically comprises: assuming the ith of the spectrum discretization, i-1 … n, the output electrical signal of the channel
Comprises the following steps:
in the formula, τ (λ)i) And S (lambda)i) Respectively representThe transmittance of the optical system and the sensitivity of the photosensitive device are only dependent on the wavelength and independent of the temperature;
wherein the object radiation intensity at temperature T and wavelength λ according to planck's radiation law is:
wherein L (λ, T) is the radiance (W.m) of the object-2·μm-1·sr-1) λ is the wavelength (μm), and T is the absolute temperature (K); ε (λ, T) is the spectral emissivity of the object; planck's first radiation constant C1＝3.7415×108W·μm4·m-2(ii) a Second radiation constant C2＝1.43879×104μm4·K；
By traversing the ratio of the voltages under two wavelengths, the temperature curve distribution under the optimal ratio wavelength is searched, the optimal result means that the spectral emissivities of the two wavelengths are similar, so the emissivities epsilon (lambda, T) are eliminated, and 1 in the denominator is neglected, so that the following can be obtained:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
and
respectively representing voltages at the same temperature point at different wavelengths, Ti,jIs shown at λiAnd λjThe same temperature measured at the two wavelengths; obtaining T by equation (3)i,jComprises the following steps:
the temperature calculated for each pair of combined wavelengths forms a matrix that can be expressed as:
if the sum of the squares of the temperature differences measured at the current two wavelengths and the temperature differences measured at the other wavelengths is minimal, i.e. Ti,jSatisfies the following conditions:
when, Ti,jAnd (3) the measured real temperature is shown, wherein p and q represent the p and q channels, and n represents the number of the channels.
10. The method for multispectral colorimetric-based temperature measurement according to claim 9, wherein the step S5 specifically comprises: and taking the black body furnace as a temperature test object, sampling the spectral data of each temperature point of each channel for multiple times, and averaging to obtain a relation curve of the actual temperature and the voltage ratio.
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