CN113586232A - 船用中高速油气双电控双燃料发动机 - Google Patents

船用中高速油气双电控双燃料发动机 Download PDF

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CN113586232A
CN113586232A CN202110999433.2A CN202110999433A CN113586232A CN 113586232 A CN113586232 A CN 113586232A CN 202110999433 A CN202110999433 A CN 202110999433A CN 113586232 A CN113586232 A CN 113586232A
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黄猛
辛强之
贾宝富
王延瑞
王超
袁磊
张良德
刘毅
穆振迁
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Zichai Power Co ltd
Zichai Machinery Co ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B69/00Internal-combustion engines convertible into other combustion-engine type, not provided for in F02B11/00; Internal-combustion engines of different types characterised by constructions facilitating use of same main engine-parts in different types
    • F02B69/02Internal-combustion engines convertible into other combustion-engine type, not provided for in F02B11/00; Internal-combustion engines of different types characterised by constructions facilitating use of same main engine-parts in different types for different fuel types, other than engines indifferent to fuel consumed, e.g. convertible from light to heavy fuel
    • F02B69/04Internal-combustion engines convertible into other combustion-engine type, not provided for in F02B11/00; Internal-combustion engines of different types characterised by constructions facilitating use of same main engine-parts in different types for different fuel types, other than engines indifferent to fuel consumed, e.g. convertible from light to heavy fuel for gaseous and non-gaseous fuels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0602Control of components of the fuel supply system
    • F02D19/0605Control of components of the fuel supply system to adjust the fuel pressure or temperature
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0602Control of components of the fuel supply system
    • F02D19/0613Switch-over from one fuel to another
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0639Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels
    • F02D19/0642Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions
    • F02D19/0647Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions the gaseous fuel being liquefied petroleum gas [LPG], liquefied natural gas [LNG], compressed natural gas [CNG] or dimethyl ether [DME]
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0663Details on the fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02D19/0686Injectors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

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Abstract

本发明涉及船用中高速油气双电控双燃料发动机,包括喷嘴,喷嘴包括:主体,主体开设有两个腔体,腔体内滑动设置有阀体,腔体通过流道与外接管路连通;阀体包括底柱和阀柱,腔体开设有与底柱密封连接的喷口和与阀柱密封连接的阀腔;当流道内的燃料压力达到一定值时,阀体向上开启,燃料从喷口喷出。主体上端装设有调节装置,调节装置能够调节阀体的开启压力。控制灵活度大,能实现柴油和天然气双燃料的独立控制和独立喷射并且具有较快的响应速度;提高内燃机的燃烧效率并优化了内燃机排放,实现天然气在船上的广泛使用。

Description

船用中高速油气双电控双燃料发动机
技术领域
本发明涉及发动机技术领域,具体为船用中高速油气双电控双燃料发动机。
背景技术
目前市场上的中重型车用发动机、船用发动机与中重型工程机械的内燃机机主要使用柴油作为单一燃料的高压缸内直喷技术(高压共轨系统)或燃气作为单一燃料的进气歧管喷射技术。
采用柴油作为单一燃料的高压缸内直喷技术(高压共轨系统)高压缸内直喷技术,主要使用国外厂家生产的高压共轨系统和零部件产品,其内燃机燃烧效率基本上低于39%,随着国六排放标准的发布,该内燃机排放难度逐渐增加,同时也带来成本上的增加。
采用燃气作为单一燃料的进气歧管喷射的发动机都采用点燃装置对燃气点燃,其发动机压缩比低,导致热效率低于36%,且燃气与空气混合后进入内燃机燃烧室内,会在压缩过程中进入气缸的间隙内,间隙内的燃气(CH4)不能被完全燃烧,随废气排出后会形成对空气的污染。
随着国家能源结构的调整以及对排放要求的提升,传统的以汽油和柴油为燃烧介质的内燃机将逐渐减少,而天然气在我国及全球资源丰富,会逐渐作为柴油的替代燃料开始应用于汽车市场。
双燃料系统的内燃机,通过预先喷射柴油并燃烧提高缸内温度,然后喷射天然气燃烧做功,即能提升燃烧效率到42%,降低油耗,又可以减少PM、NOx等有害排放物,为更清洁,更经济的内燃机技术方案。
目前市场上存在的双燃料喷射器尚未达到量产阶段,存在响应速度不足,控制精度有限,同时因为结构繁琐,导致产品的一致性较差,开发和生产投资成本极高,为双燃料系统内燃机的系统标定和大面积推广带来了困难。
发明内容
为了解决背景技术中存在的技术问题,本发明提供船用中高速油气双电控双燃料发动机,其能实现柴油和天然气双燃料的独立控制和独立喷射并且具有较快的响应速度;提高内燃机的燃烧效率并优化了内燃机排放。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:
船用中高速油气双电控双燃料发动机,包括喷嘴,喷嘴包括:
主体,主体开设有两个腔体,腔体内滑动设置有阀体,腔体通过流道与外接管路连通;
阀体包括底柱和阀柱,腔体开设有与底柱密封连接的喷口和与阀柱密封连接的阀腔;
当流道内的燃料压力达到一定值时,阀体向上开启,燃料从喷口喷出。
进一步的,主体上端装设有调节装置,调节装置能够调节阀体的开启压力。
进一步的,主体的上端装设有支架,支架内设置有可上下移动的压板,压板和阀体之间装设有弹簧。
进一步的,支架上端装设有电机,压板与电机的输出轴螺纹连接。
进一步的,弹簧和阀体之间装设有摆板,摆板两边开设有边轴;支架开设有圆弧形的转槽,边轴转动设置于转槽中;
支架装设有可水平滑移的平移框,平移框上开设有卡块,卡块能将边轴限位于转槽中。
进一步的,主体开设有水平方向的导槽,导槽位于转槽的上方,卡块滑动设置于导槽中,卡块的下端面与边轴相切。
进一步的,阀体上端开设有圆台,平移框开设有与圆台卡接的卡槽。
进一步的,支架开设有若干平行设置的导柱,压板的外周可滑动的套设于导柱上。
进一步的,支架装设有电缸,电缸两端分别与支架和平移框固定连接。
燃料喷射调节方法,包括如下步骤:
a.平移框向第一方向侧平移;
b.第一方向侧的卡块与边轴脱离,另一侧的卡块的下端面压于边轴上,摆板可摆动,第一方向侧的阀体可上下滑移,另一侧的阀体保持固定;
c.弹簧的弹力通过摆板施加于阀体上;
d.燃料经由流道进入第一方向侧的腔体内,阀体克服弹簧的弹力被燃料向上顶起,底柱与喷口脱离,燃料从喷口喷出;
e.电机驱动压板上下移动,改变弹簧的预压缩量,从而调节阀体的开启压力。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)控制灵活度大,能实现柴油和天然气双燃料的独立控制和独立喷射并且具有较快的响应速度;提高内燃机的燃烧效率并优化了内燃机排放,实现天然气在船上的广泛使用。
(2)通过调节弹簧的预压缩量改变发动机的喷油压力,调整参数更多,更利于优化发动机的燃烧效率。
(3)能通过一套调节装置分别调节柴油和天然气的喷射压力,且柴油和天然气喷射模式之间切换快捷。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
图1是本发明的结构示意图;
图2是本发明的局部剖视图;
图3是本发明的爆炸图;
图4是本发明的局部放大图;
图5是本发明的纵向剖视图;
图6是本发明的外接管路图。
图中:
1.主体,2.流道,3.阀体,4.腔体,5.调节装置
301.底柱,302.阀柱,303.圆台
401.喷口,402.阀腔
501.支架,502.平移框,503.摆板,504.弹簧,505.压板,506.电机,507.电缸
5011.转槽,5012.导槽,5013.导柱
5021.卡块,5022.卡槽
5031.边轴。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
船用中高速油气双电控双燃料发动机,包括能够喷射柴油和天然气的喷嘴,喷嘴包括:与发动机固定连接的主体1,主体1内开设有两个并排设置的腔体4,分别用于柴油和天然气的喷射,腔体4内滑动设置有阀体3,腔体4通过流道2与外接管路连通;阀体3的具体结构包括底柱301和阀柱302,腔体4开设有与底柱301密封连接的喷口401和与阀柱302密封连接的阀腔402;当燃料从流道2进入到腔体4内时,燃料的压力将阀柱302向上顶起,底柱301与喷口401脱离,燃料从喷口401喷出。即实现了,当流道2内的燃料压力达到一定值时,阀体3向上开启,燃料从喷口401喷出。
并且现有技术中对燃料压力的调节是通过前端的燃料输送泵实现的,由于燃料输送泵距离喷嘴有一段管路距离,其对喷油压力的控制不够精确,响应也不够迅速,因此,直接在主体1的上端装设有调节装置5,调节装置5能够直接调节阀体3的开启压力。
调节装置5的具体结构为:主体1的上端装设有支架501,支架501内设置有可上下移动的压板505,支架501开设有若干平行设置的导柱5013,压板505的外周可滑动的套设于导柱5013上。支架501上端装设有电机506,压板505与电机506的输出轴螺纹连接。压板505和阀体3之间装设有弹簧504。弹簧504的弹力能够使阀体3的底柱301与喷口401密封接触。电机506转动能够驱动压板505上下滑移,从而调整弹簧504的预压缩量,从而调整阀体3的开启压力。
为了能够实现对两个阀体3的单独并且可切换的调节,在弹簧504和阀体3之间装设有摆板503,摆板503两边开设有边轴5031;支架501开设有圆弧形的转槽5011,边轴5031转动设置于转槽5011中;支架501装设有可水平滑移的平移框502,平移框502上开设有卡块5021,主体1开设有水平方向的导槽5012,导槽5012位于转槽5011的上方,卡块5021滑动设置于导槽5012中,卡块5021的下端面与边轴5031相切。当卡块5021与边轴5031压接时,卡块5021能将边轴5031限位于转槽5011中,边轴5031只能在转槽5011中转动,当卡块5021与边轴5031脱离时,边轴5031可以脱离转槽5011运动。支架501装设有电缸507,电缸507两端分别与支架501和平移框502固定连接。电缸507能够驱动支架501的水平平移。
为了进一步固定阀体3的位置,使其不发生纵向的滑移,阀体3上端开设有圆台303,平移框502开设有与圆台303卡接的卡槽5022,平移框502平移时,卡槽5022能够将圆台303卡住,从而进一步限制阀体3的上下运动。卡槽5022也能够与圆台303脱离,从而使阀体3能够上下运动。
燃料喷射调节方法,包括如下步骤:
a.电缸507驱动平移框502向第一方向侧平移;
b.第一方向侧的卡块5021与边轴5031脱离,另一侧的卡块5021的下端面压于边轴5031上,此侧的边轴5031位置固定,只能转动,摆板503只能相对于此边轴5031摆动,从而使第一方向侧的阀体3可上下滑移,另一侧的阀体3保持固定,无法移动;同时,第一方向侧的卡槽5022与顶柱303脱离,此侧的阀体3可上下移动,另一侧的卡槽5022压于顶柱303上,此侧的阀体3位置固定,无法上下移动。
c.弹簧504的弹力通过摆板503施加于阀体3上;
d.燃料经由流道2进入第一方向侧的腔体4内,阀体3克服弹簧504的弹力被燃料向上顶起,底柱301与喷口401脱离,燃料从喷口401喷出;
e.电机506驱动压板505上下移动,改变弹簧504的预压缩量,从而调节第一方向侧的阀体3的开启压力。
f.平移框502在第一方向侧和第二方向侧之前移动切换,能够分别调节两侧阀体3的开启压力,即调节柴油和天然气的开闭以及喷射压力。
以上述依据本发明的理想实施例为启示,通过上述的说明内容,相关工作人员完全可以在不偏离本项发明技术思想的范围内,进行多样的变更以及修改。本项发明的技术性范围并不局限于说明书上的内容,必须要根据权利要求范围来确定其技术性范围。

Claims (10)

1.船用中高速油气双电控双燃料发动机,包括喷嘴,其特征在于,所述喷嘴包括:
主体(1),所述主体(1)开设有两个腔体(4),所述腔体(4)内滑动设置有阀体(3),所述腔体(4)通过流道(2)与外接管路连通;
所述阀体(3)包括底柱(301)和阀柱(302),所述腔体(4)开设有与底柱(301)密封连接的喷口(401)和与阀柱(302)密封连接的阀腔(402);
当流道(2)内的燃料压力达到一定值时,阀体(3)向上开启,燃料从喷口(401)喷出。
2.根据权利要求1所述的船用中高速油气双电控双燃料发动机,其特征在于,
所述主体(1)上端装设有调节装置(5),所述调节装置(5)能够调节所述阀体(3)的开启压力。
3.根据权利要求2所述的船用中高速油气双电控双燃料发动机,其特征在于,
所述主体(1)的上端装设有支架(501),所述支架(501)内设置有可上下移动的压板(505),所述压板(505)和阀体(3)之间装设有弹簧(504)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的船用中高速油气双电控双燃料发动机,其特征在于,
所述支架(501)上端装设有电机(506),所述压板(505)与电机(506)的输出轴螺纹连接。
5.根据权利要求3所述的船用中高速油气双电控双燃料发动机,其特征在于,
所述弹簧(504)和阀体(3)之间装设有摆板(503),所述摆板(503)两边开设有边轴(5031);所述支架(501)开设有圆弧形的转槽(5011),所述边轴(5031)转动设置于所述转槽(5011)中;
所述支架(501)装设有可水平滑移的平移框(502),所述平移框(502)上开设有卡块(5021),所述卡块(5021)能将边轴(5031)限位于所述转槽(5011)中。
6.根据权利要求5所述的船用中高速油气双电控双燃料发动机,其特征在于,
所述主体(1)开设有水平方向的导槽(5012),所述导槽(5012)位于所述转槽(5011)的上方,所述卡块(5021)滑动设置于所述导槽(5012)中,所述卡块(5021)的下端面与所述边轴(5031)相切。
7.根据权利要求6所述的船用中高速油气双电控双燃料发动机,其特征在于,
所述阀体(3)上端开设有圆台(303),所述平移框(502)开设有与所述圆台(303)卡接的卡槽(5022)。
8.根据权利要求3所述的船用中高速油气双电控双燃料发动机,其特征在于,
所述支架(501)开设有若干平行设置的导柱(5013),所述压板(505)的外周可滑动的套设于所述导柱(5013)上。
9.根据权利要求5所述的船用中高速油气双电控双燃料发动机,其特征在于,
所述支架(501)装设有电缸(507),所述电缸(507)两端分别与支架(501)和平移框(502)固定连接。
10.燃料喷射调节方法,使用权利要求1-9任一所述的船用中高速油气双电控双燃料发动机,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
a.平移框(502)向第一方向侧平移;
b.第一方向侧的卡块(5021)与边轴(5031)脱离,另一侧的卡块(5021)的下端面压于边轴(5031)上,摆板(503)摆动,第一方向侧的阀体(3)上下滑移,另一侧的阀体(3)保持固定;
c.弹簧(504)的弹力通过摆板(503)施加于阀体(3)上;
d.燃料经由流道(2)进入第一方向侧的腔体(4)内,阀体(3)克服弹簧(504)的弹力被燃料向上顶起,底柱(301)与喷口(401)脱离,燃料从喷口(401)喷出;
e.电机(506)驱动压板(505)上下移动,改变弹簧(504)的预压缩量,从而调节阀体(3)的开启压力。
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