CN113585041B

CN113585041B - Quick river bridge

Info

Publication number: CN113585041B
Application number: CN202110978758.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄海新; 金晓辉; 张颖
Original assignee: Hebei University of Technology
Current assignee: Hebei University of Technology
Priority date: 2021-08-25
Filing date: 2021-08-25
Publication date: 2023-07-18
Anticipated expiration: 2041-08-25
Also published as: CN113585041A

Abstract

The invention relates to a quick-speed bridge, which comprises ice cubes wrapped with heat insulation materials, rope net structures with limiting and fixing functions and bridge decks, wherein the ice cubes are covered with heat insulation materials; the rope net structure floats on the water surface through a buoy and is anchored in a river channel through an anchoring device; taking water in the river, condensing the water under the condition of liquid nitrogen to generate ice cubes, wrapping the ice cubes with heat insulation materials, and placing a plurality of ice cubes wrapped with the heat insulation materials into grids divided by a rope net structure for limiting and fixing; bridge decks are laid on all ice cubes. The invention replaces the original floating bridge girder body which needs to be prefabricated and assembled with the ice blocks which can be obtained locally, does not need to consume steel materials used by the prefabricated girder body, only needs to provide liquid nitrogen required by water condensation, saves a great amount of building materials and cost, and reduces the difficulty of processing, manufacturing, transporting and installing the floating bridge body. Compared with the mode of natural freezing depending on the environment, the liquid nitrogen ice making device provided by the invention has the advantages that the freezing speed is higher, and the liquid nitrogen ice making device is not limited by seasons and outdoor temperature.

Description

Quick river bridge

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of bridge engineering, in particular to a quick-speed bridge, which utilizes liquid nitrogen to condense water into ice, so that an ice floating bridge can be quickly built in the water.

Background

The current rapid bridging river crossing technology mainly comprises the step of splicing precast beam segments on the river surface section by section to form a bridge. This not only consumes a significant amount of initial building material (the main beam material is typically high strength steel), but also when the river surface is wide, the excessive beams increase the difficulty of processing, manufacturing, transporting, installing, and are challenging to transport, mode of transportation, carrying, and lifting equipment, etc. In addition, the transportation of the beam sections is greatly restricted by terrain factors, and in certain extreme terrains, beam transportation vehicles are difficult to reach, so that the bridge ferry is not convenient to quickly bridge.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a quick-speed bridge for constructing an ice floating bridge by utilizing liquid nitrogen to condense water into ice. The novel water floating bridge taking ice as a main building material comprises ice cubes wrapped with heat insulation and heat preservation materials, a rope net structure with a limiting and fixing function, and a bridge deck serving as a wearing layer: two ends of the rope net structure are anchored at two sides of the river, and float on the water surface; taking water from the river, condensing into ice by utilizing liquid nitrogen, forming a heat insulation isolation layer by using a heat insulation material, wrapping the outer surface of the ice, and placing the ice blocks in a rope net without heat exchange with the outside; the bridge deck is arranged on the floating ice for people and vehicles to pass through quickly.

The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:

the quick river bridge is characterized by comprising ice cubes wrapped with heat insulation materials, rope net structures with limiting and fixing functions and bridge decks; the rope net structure floats on the water surface through a buoy and is anchored in a river channel through an anchoring device; taking water in the river, condensing the water under the condition of liquid nitrogen to generate ice cubes, wrapping the ice cubes with heat insulation materials, and placing a plurality of ice cubes wrapped with the heat insulation materials into grids divided by a rope net structure for limiting and fixing; bridge decks are laid on all ice cubes.

The rope net structure comprises a plane of the bottom and vertical faces on two sides, the plane and the vertical faces are composed of grids, the grid size is far smaller than that of ice cubes, two ends of the rope net structure are anchored on two sides of a ferry through on-shore anchoring devices, and the bottom of the rope net structure is anchored in a river channel through underwater anchoring devices.

The upper surface of the elevation grid of the rope net structure is connected with a plurality of buoys in series, so that the rope net structure can float on the water surface well and is anchored with the river channel and the two banks through the anchoring device without drifting.

The ice block is of a hollow structure, and the manufacturing process is as follows: pumping water in the river to the mold of the refrigerating device on the shore, condensing liquid nitrogen in the mold to generate ice, and wrapping the heat insulating material on the outer surface.

The heat insulation material is polyurethane foam plastic, aluminum foil heat insulation coiled material, aerogel felt or glass fiber cotton board; the bridge deck is made of a thin carbon fiber plate, an aluminum plate or a steel plate; welding or bolting steel plates or aluminum plates on two sides of the bridge deck plate limits the relative displacement of the ice cubes and the bridge deck plate.

The ice blocks adopt hollow structures such as box-shaped or hexagonal prism-shaped structures.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) The invention replaces the original floating bridge girder body which needs to be prefabricated and assembled with the ice blocks which can be obtained locally, does not need to consume steel materials used by the prefabricated girder body, only needs to provide liquid nitrogen required by water condensation, saves a great amount of building materials and cost, and reduces the difficulty of processing, manufacturing, transporting and installing the floating bridge body. Compared with the mode of natural freezing depending on the environment, the liquid nitrogen ice making device provided by the invention has the advantages that the freezing speed is higher, and the liquid nitrogen ice making device is not limited by seasons and outdoor temperature.

(2) The invention directly takes the ice blocks as the bearing beam body, and the bearing structure can be obtained by only placing the ice blocks in a river to float, and the underwater structures such as sand stems and the like do not need to be constructed and constructed, so that the structure is simple and easy to construct, the beam body is damaged and easy to repair, the energy is saved, the beam body material (the beam body material refers to the ice blocks as the main body of the floating bridge) is renewable, and the construction difficulty of the deeper river is greatly reduced.

(3) The method is suitable for river region construction with larger river depth. The movable liquid nitrogen ice making device is arranged, the use of the area with road traffic capacity is more convenient, but the whole liquid nitrogen refrigerating device is required to be air-dropped to the river bank in the area where the river is positioned without traffic road by adopting the air-drop liquid nitrogen refrigerating device, and then ice is made.

(4) Compared with the existing ice floating bridge, the ice cubes are generated by liquid nitrogen, the ice cubes are not limited by outdoor temperature and seasons, after being put into the rope net structure, the ice cubes can be naturally assembled under the action of all the plurality of forces of water flow and the rope net structure, so that the irregularly put ice cubes are in a relatively regular state in the rope net structure, the construction is simpler, and because the plurality of ice cubes can be spliced in the rope net structure, the formed ice cube units are not limited in volume, the bridge deck-wide floating bridge can be manufactured, the bearing capacity is high, prefabrication can be performed first and then site construction is performed in actual construction, and the construction speed is accelerated.

Drawings

Figure 1 is a plan view of one embodiment of a ready-to-bridge (unbridged deck) of the present invention,

figure 2 is an elevation view of the rope net structure of the instant bridge of the present invention,

figure 3 is a schematic side view of one embodiment of the instant bridge of the present invention,

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a front view of an embodiment of a bridge for a rapid transit of the present invention;

in the figure, 1 is ice cubes, 2 is a rope net structure, 3 is a buoy, 4 is a submarine anchoring device, 5 is an onshore anchoring device, 6 is a bridge deck, and 7 is a limiting plate.

Detailed Description

Specific embodiments of the present invention are given below. The detailed description is merely for further elaborating the invention and does not limit the scope of protection of the application.

The invention provides a quick-speed river bridge, which can take local materials and quickly generate a water floating bridge, and comprises ice cubes 1, a rope net structure 2, a buoy 3, a water anchoring device 4, a shore anchoring device 5, a bridge deck 6 and a limiting plate 7, wherein the ice cubes are wrapped with heat insulation materials; the rope net structure 2 is used for limiting the displacement of the ice cubes, and has a limiting and fixing effect on the ice cubes, so that the ice cubes are concentrated in a specific area and do not float away; the buoy 3 is used for enabling the rope net to float on the water surface, the underwater anchoring device 4 is an anchor structure which is arranged at the river bottom and plays a role in fixing the rope net, the shore anchoring device 5 is an anchor structure which is arranged on the shore and plays a role in anchoring, the ice blocks are arranged in grid spaces marked by the rope net structure, heat insulation materials are wrapped outside the grid spaces, the heat insulation materials form heat insulation isolation layers, and the service life of the ice blocks can be prolonged by the isolation layers; the rope net structure comprises a plane at the bottom and vertical faces at two sides, wherein the plane and the vertical faces are formed by grids, and two ends of the rope net are anchored to a river channel and two banks through anchoring devices (4 and 5); the bridge deck is arranged on the placed ice cubes for passing people and vehicles; in addition, a liquid nitrogen ice making device is needed to be arranged. The liquid nitrogen ice making device is of a movable vehicle body structure, the liquid nitrogen ice making device is stopped at the bank when in use, all ice cubes are prefabricated at the bank, and under the action of a traction rope net, the ice cubes are put into grids of the rope net structure block by block, so that the ice cubes move forwards along with the rope net structure. The traction rope net can be fixed at two ends of the traction rope net on two sides of the river, the movable lock catches drive the ice cubes to move along the width direction of the river, and the ice cubes are put down after reaching the structure position of the specified rope net; the ice blocks can be gradually pushed forward by pulling action, the ice blocks can be continuously placed on the traction rope net, and after the ice blocks reach the position, the traction rope net can be turned over, so that the ice blocks can be placed in the rope net structure area. The structure of a specific traction rope net can be realized according to the prior art.

The volume and the mass of the ice blocks are determined by reasonable calculation and analysis according to different load requirements, so that the ice floating bridge can stably and well bear the load of people and vehicles; the heat insulating layer should practically function to prevent the ice cubes from exchanging heat with the external medium.

The embodiment proposes hollow ice cubes as a bearing structure, the sizes of the ice cubes can be regular cuboid shapes such as 80mmX80mmX40mm, 1000mmX1000mmX500mm, 1200mmX1200mmX600mm and the like, the wall thickness of the cuboid is 1/4 of the height of the ice cubes, larger ice cubes can be made according to the size of a die, and the ice cube size is larger, so that the paving efficiency is increased. The ice cubes can be freely combined, the ice cubes can be intensively placed in the rope net structure through the traction rope net, one ice cube unit can be formed, the ice cube units are sequentially arranged along the width direction of the river, each ice cube unit can be equivalently formed into hollow ice cubes with the length and width of 8m multiplied by 6m multiplied by 4m, when the wall thickness is 1m as a bearing structure, the ice cubes sink to be 2.7m according to the buoyancy theorem under the dead weight of the ice cube units and the weight of the bridge deck, the water surface is exposed for 1.3m, and at the moment, each ice cube unit needs to be continuously applied with an external load of 50t to enable the ice cube units to be completely immersed in water, namely, an ice floating bridge constructed under the size has an external load bearing capacity of about 50 t. In consideration of construction cost, the isolation layer can be made into a solid structure to wrap the outer surface of the ice block, polyurethane foam plastic, aluminum foil heat insulation coiled materials, aerogel felt, glass fiber cotton boards and the like with strong heat insulation performance are used as materials, in summer with higher temperature, if river demands exist, the ice block can be inevitably and locally melted due to higher air temperature, in the slow melting process of the ice block in the rope net structure, the adjacent ice blocks are easy to adhere under the dynamic action of river surfaces, so that the whole is formed, the supporting effect of the ice block serving as a bearing main body can be further prolonged, and the long time as possible can be provided for a floating bridge.

The bridge deck is made of high-strength materials such as a thin carbon fiber plate, an aluminum plate or a steel plate, for seasons with high temperature, such as summer and transitional seasons, the carbon fiber plate can be used as the bridge deck, the heat absorption degree of ice cubes is reduced, the action time of the ice cubes is improved as much as possible, and more time is provided for personnel or equipment to pass through. The bridge deck is placed on the ice cubes, and the bridge deck transfers the load to all the ice cubes, so that all the ice cubes are stressed, the concentrated load is diffused to all the ice cubes, the load is shared, and the bridge can bear larger load. The bridge deck thickness can be set to be about 12mm, and the wall thickness of the hollow ice blocks is relatively thicker, so that the damage of the ice blocks caused by overlarge local stress is avoided, and the bearing effect is influenced.

The principle of the liquid nitrogen ice making device is that nitrogen is utilized to generate liquid nitrogen, then the liquid nitrogen is utilized to cool water into ice blocks directly and rapidly, the ice making device comprises a liquid nitrogen generator, a hollow mould and a coating machine, wherein the liquid nitrogen generator, the hollow mould and the coating machine are all integrally arranged on a movable vehicle body, the liquid nitrogen generator converts nitrogen in air into the liquid nitrogen, the hollow mould is used for enabling the water to form the shape of ice blocks, a liquid nitrogen outlet of the liquid nitrogen generator is connected with the periphery of the hollow mould and is used for cooling the water in the hollow mould rapidly to form ice, and a water inlet is arranged on the hollow mould and can introduce the water in a river channel into a cavity of the mould through a pump; the coating machine is used for coating the prepared ice cubes with heat insulation materials, so that the ice cubes can be stored for a long time, and the ice cubes are intensively prefabricated on the bank and then are paved on the rope net structure. The coating may also be performed manually.

And a plurality of ice cubes support the bridge deck to form an ice floating bridge, the ice floating bridge takes water from the river in situ, and the ice cubes are condensed under the condition of liquid nitrogen to form the ice cubes to quickly form the river bridge.

The heat insulation material wrapped outside the ice blocks can effectively prevent the heat exchange between the internal ice blocks and the external medium, prolong the service life of the ice blocks, and facilitate the whole adhesion in the slow ice block melting process.

The rope net structure 2 can form a deeper three-dimensional structure, the ice cubes are wrapped in the rope net structure, the size of the ice cubes is far larger than the grid size of the rope net structure, the ice cubes can be firmly limited in a specific area, when the volume of a single ice cube is smaller, the ice cubes can be arranged to be multiple layers of ice cubes from bottom to top, the whole height of the ice cubes which can be contained by the deeper three-dimensional structure is higher, and the external load bearing capacity of the ice cubes is guaranteed. The surface of the elevation grid of the rope net structure is connected with a plurality of buoys in series, the buoys connected in series through the rope net can float on the water surface well, and the buoys are anchored with the river channel through the anchoring devices at the two ends of the rope net, so that the buoys do not drift.

The core innovation point of the application is that liquid nitrogen is used for refrigerating to generate ice cubes, and an ice floating bridge is built rapidly. The liquid nitrogen is used for refrigerating and rapidly making ice, the heat insulation material is wrapped outside to prevent the ice blocks from exchanging heat with the outside, the melting time of the ice blocks is prevented or prolonged, and meanwhile, the bearing capacity of the ice blocks can be obviously improved by adopting hollow structures such as a box shape, a hexagon shape and the like; the three-dimensional rope net structure is adopted, and the constraint force of the rope net on ice cubes is increased; welding or bolting steel plates or aluminum plates on two sides of the bridge deck plate limits the relative displacement of the ice cubes and the bridge deck plate. The ice block is in a cube shape, and the connection mode between the steel plate or the aluminum plate and the bridge deck mainly takes welding or bolting into consideration. In addition, the equipment required by the application is simpler, equipment transportation is more convenient, the prefabricated construction of being convenient for, and the construction speed is faster.

The invention is applicable to the prior art where it is not described.

Claims

1. The quick river bridge is characterized by comprising ice cubes wrapped with heat insulation materials, rope net structures with limiting and fixing functions and bridge decks; the rope net structure floats on the water surface through a buoy and is anchored in a river channel through an anchoring device; taking water in the river, condensing the water under the condition of liquid nitrogen to generate ice cubes, wrapping the ice cubes with heat insulation materials, and placing a plurality of ice cubes wrapped with the heat insulation materials into grids divided by a rope net structure for limiting and fixing; paving bridge decks on all ice cubes;

the ice block is of a hollow structure, and the manufacturing process is as follows: pumping water in the river to a mold of a refrigerating device on the shore, condensing liquid nitrogen in the mold to generate ice, and wrapping the outer surface with a heat insulation material;

after the generated ice cubes are put into the rope net structure, natural assembly can be realized under the action of all the water flow and a plurality of forces of the rope net structure, so that the irregularly put ice cubes are in a regular state in the rope net structure;

the bridge deck is placed on the ice cubes, the bridge deck transfers the load to all the ice cubes, so that all the ice cubes are stressed, the concentrated load is diffused to all the ice cubes, the load is shared, and the bridge can bear larger load;

the rope net structure can form a three-dimensional structure, ice cubes are wrapped in the rope net structure, the size of each ice cube is larger than the grid size of the rope net structure, the single ice cube is small in size, the ice cubes are arranged on the lower and upper layers of ice cubes, the whole height of the ice cubes which can be contained by the three-dimensional structure is high, and the external load bearing capacity of the ice cubes is guaranteed;

the liquid nitrogen ice making device is a movable vehicle body structure, when in use, the liquid nitrogen ice making device is stopped at the bank, all ice cubes are prefabricated at the bank, and under the action of a traction rope net, the ice cubes are put into grids of the rope net structure block by block, so that the ice cubes move forwards along with the rope net structure; the traction rope net is fixed at two ends of the traction rope net on two sides of a river, the movable lock catches drive ice cubes to move along the width direction of the river, and the ice cubes are put down after reaching the structure position of the specified rope net; or the traction rope net is pulled by the bank at one side, the ice blocks are fixed at the other end of the traction rope net, the ice blocks gradually move forwards through pulling action, the ice blocks are continuously placed on the traction rope net, after reaching the position, the traction rope net is turned over, and the ice blocks are placed in the rope net structure area;

the ice blocks adopt a box-shaped or hexagonal prismatic hollow structure.

2. The rapid transit bridge according to claim 1, wherein the rope net structure comprises a plane and vertical surfaces on both sides of the bottom, the plane and vertical surfaces are composed of grids, both ends of the rope net structure are anchored to both sides of the transit river by means of on-shore anchoring devices, and the bottom of the rope net structure is anchored in the river by means of underwater anchoring devices.

3. The rapid transit bridge according to claim 2, wherein the upper surface of the elevation grid of the rope net structure is connected with a plurality of buoys in series, so that the rope net structure floats on the water surface well and is anchored with the river channel and the two sides by the anchoring device without drifting.

4. The quick bridge of claim 1, wherein the ice blocks are reasonably adjusted in volume and mass according to the size of the load passing through, so that the ice floating bridge can stably and well bear the load of people and vehicles.

5. The rapid transit bridge according to claim 1, wherein the heat insulating material is polyurethane foam; the bridge deck is made of thin carbon fiber plates or steel plates; welding or bolting steel plates on two sides of the bridge deck to limit the relative displacement of the ice cubes and the bridge deck.