RU2258633C2 - Multi-unit floating coastal wind-operated truss - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electric power engineering; windmill power generating plants.

SUBSTANCE: proposed floating coastal wind-operated truss is made in form of multi-link floating semi-submersible detachable structure forming one extended chain. One link consists of truss-pontoon (1) formed by two polygonal figures-pontoons (2,2') and tetragonal figure-pontoon (5-6-5'-6'). In vertices of figures (2,2'), in separate points of longer sides of figure (5-6-5'-6') and in their centers there are angular (3,3'), linear (7) and central (8,8') displacement-type truncated pyramids-floats with their vertices downward. They are connected with one another by means of hollow radial (10), bracing and inter-brace stiffening members. Mounted on angular (3,3') and linear (7) pyramids-floats on bearing shoes (20) of wind-operated turbine (21) are rotating electrical generators. Above-water platform with superstructure is supported by stiffening members and pyramid-float of figure (5-6-5'-6') by means of cylindrical supports. Arranged in pyramids-floats (8,8') and in their hermetic recesses and in superstructure is technological equipment connected with shore power system by means of underwater cable. Submergence of truss-pontoon (1) is performed by admitting sea water into ballast cavities of pyramids-floats (3,3', 7, 8, 8') through their kingston valves by gravity. For surfacing of truss-pontoon (1), use is made of ballast drainage system which consists of drainage pumps of pyramids-floats (8,8'), drainage ejectors of pyramid-floats (3,3' and 7) of discharge kingston valves and connecting pipe lines with fittings. For positioning the wind-operated truss and weighing the anchor, use is made of windlasses with anchor sprockets mounted on deck of each linear (7) and angular (3,3') pyramid-float in hermetic recess. Hermetic cavities of all pyramids-floats (3,3',7,8,8') are brought into communication through hollow stiffening members and internal hatches, access holes and apertures.

EFFECT: increased total power of plant; improved operating characteristics and maintainability.

3 cl, 12 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the fields of electric power, energy, resource saving and ecology, using non-traditional and renewable energy sources, in particular wind power plants. It can be used for: environmentally friendly power supply in coastal cities, large settlements, industrial areas, energy-intensive facilities, including oil and gas fields offshore; for the recreation of dying coastal waters, restoration and increase of populations of marine animals, fish and flora; the revival and rise of coastal fisheries and mariculture to industrial volumes; tourism development.

Known floating wind power installation in a single (modular) design, which is a semi-submersible platform, consisting of a pontoon in the form of a multifaceted truncated pyramid, tilted top down; a surface platform supported by a pontoon through four hollow cylindrical columns reinforced by stiffeners, a propeller wind turbine with a rotational axis tilted to the horizon mounted on a surface platform on a low cylindrical support tower and capable of 360 ° rotation around it, and an anchor system containing four anchor devices placed around the perimeter of the surface of the platform and holding the semi-submersible platform motionless. The wind power installation is equipped with automatic control subsystems for guiding the wind turbine into the wind, changing the platform’s draft, changing the pitch of the wind turbine blades, platform roll control subsystems, lengths of the etched anchor chains and submarine cable, storm protection subsystem, control subsystem for operating and limiting installation parameters that allow it operate in automatic mode (patent No. 2173280, Russia, IPC ⁶ V 63 V 35/44, F 03 D 9/00, F 03 D 7/00).

Another floating coastal water wind turbine is known in which a group of wind power converters are mounted on an anchored floating platform, freely orientated in the direction of the wind around the anchor point. The platform is assembled from several modules, on each of them one wind-electric converter is installed. The modules are assembled in such a way that they keep their mutual position constant. The platform is connected to the floats installed beneath it and, using the filling system, can be installed in a semi-submerged or lowered state to the bottom of the sea. The floats are installed in a closed ring parallel to the platform. They are divided into chambers connected to the filling system and have damping devices. Installation of the platform in the wind is carried out using the anchor cables connected with it. The installation has an automatic control system (Application 19727330, Germany, IPC ⁶ F 03 D 11/04, B 63 V 35/50; Review journal "Alternative and Renewable Energy Sources", 2000, No. 2, 12.90.64 P).

The advantage of these known semi-immersed wind power plants is their wave stability in a wide range of wind speeds, including storm, in comparison with analogues, whose displacement bodies float on the surface of the water; their mobility, allowing you to move the installation from one place to another, taking into account seasonal changes in the direction of wind flow and energy demand. The disadvantage of these known semi-submersible single wind modules is the higher specific metal consumption of the semi-submersible platform, the increased cost of the anchor system and the automatic control system of the wind power installation as a whole. In addition, the disadvantage of the second known wind turbine is its instability to ice drift, hence the limited scope (non-freezing water areas), the low speed of the wind turbine guidance system due to the need to turn the entire platform through anchor cables, which also makes it impossible to carry it out during the freezing period; low reliability of the underwater cable due to external influences - twisting, tensioning, dragging along the bottom - during the period when the platform is directed to the wind.

Also known is a multi-unit floating coastal wind farm, which is closest to the claimed one and contains the actual hollow pontoon truss, made in plan in the form of a polygonal figure closed by means of hollow perimetric connections, having a constant cross-section along the entire perimeter and auxiliary equipment located inside it, an anchor system uniformly distributed around the perimeter of the pontoon-polygon and holding it stationary underwater, angular wind novices based on a pontoon polygon at its vertices and each consisting of a multi-blade wind turbine supported by a support tower containing a middle conical and lower cylindrical part, a ballast-drainage system and an electric cable laid along the bottom of the sea (Multiple unit floating offshore windfarm // Wind Engineering - 1993, vol.17, No. 4, p. 183-188).

The advantage of this known floating wind farm in comparison with the known analogues is its lack of a surface area, with the exception of stiffeners installed along the perimeter of the pontoon truss between the support towers of the prototype wind power plants at the level of their waterline; the use of self-guided wind turbines, eliminating the need to turn the pontoon truss and simplifying the wind guidance system. The immobility of the pontoon truss increases reliability and durability of the submarine cable.

The disadvantage of this known wind farm is, like the first analogue, its high specific metal consumption, despite the lack of an overhead platform. This is because the pontoon truss, which does not have stiffeners in the underwater part, must have a thick-walled case reinforced from the inside with a transverse and longitudinal set to ensure strength. Given the need to place in this building not only ballast compartments, but also the equipment of auxiliary systems, as well as passageways for human growth along the entire perimeter of the pontoon farm (several thousand meters), the cross-section of the hull, constant around the entire perimeter, is impressive, and the hull itself metal-intensive. The total length of the pipelines of the ballast-drainage system, other utilities and the total metal consumption for their laying along the entire perimeter of the pontoon truss are also characterized by high values. For this reason, the maximum total capacity of a wind farm power plant is economically reasonable. An attempt to increase the total capacity of a floating wind farm by cascading several separate wind farms of the described design in the coastal waters is inevitably associated with an unjustified increase in the cost of laying and installing several expensive underwater cables and their means of interfacing with the coastal power system. The total costs for individual systems of anchor devices also increase significantly. The prototype wind farm is not able to withstand the pressure of ice when it is used in freezing waters. In the semi-submerged state of the wind farm during the ice drift, the support towers of the wind power plants with the direction of the stiffeners that pass at the waterline along the perimeter of the wind farm cannot resist the pressure of a solid ice field in the initial period of ice drift. In the above-water position of the pontoon truss, the line of contact of the possible pressure mass of ice with the pontoon will be equal to the diameter of the pontoon-polygon (this is several hundred meters). Therefore, to resist the external influence of forces from the pressure of such a mass of ice, a powerful anchor system will be required that its implementation is not economically feasible. The next disadvantage of the prototype wind farm is its low maintainability, since the delivery of such a bulky structure to the repair plant, not to mention docking, is difficult, and it is technically difficult to extract equipment from the underwater position for repair in the factory. On-site maintenance is also difficult, as hundreds of meters must be walked along the perimeter from one wind farm to another located on the other side of the wind farm.

The problem to which the invention is directed is to eliminate these drawbacks, namely: expanding the total capacity of the wind farm to arbitrary values while reducing specific metal consumption, the cost of the interface system, which transfers electricity to the coastal power system, ballast-drainage system and positioning system ; ensuring ice resistance of the wind farm; maintainability increase. In addition, the task was set to expand the functions of a floating wind farm in the direction of its use in special cases for: recreation of the marine environment; increasing species and populations of commercial fish, marine animals and mariculture in coastal waters to industrial volumes; tourism development in the region; advertising and propaganda of knowledge-intensive resource-saving and environmentally friendly technologies.

The stated technical problem is achieved due to the fact that in the well-known multi-unit floating coastal wind farm, comprising: a hollow pontoon truss, made in plan in the form of a polygonal figure closed by means of hollow perimetric connections and having auxiliary equipment located inside it; a system of anchor devices distributed evenly around the perimeter of the polygonal figure to hold it motionless; angular wind power plants located on the surface of the polygonal figure at its vertices and including each multi-blade wind turbine supported by a support tower containing a middle conical and lower cylindrical part; a ballast-drainage system and an underwater power cable laid along the bottom of the sea, in contrast to it, the claimed carrier pontoon truss is a multi-link pontoon detachable structure elongated in one chain, each link of which consists of two identical and shaped polygonal pontoons connected by each other with two peaks adjacent to the same side of the polygonal figure, by means of flanges with hollow linear parallel connections with the formation in this way between polygons and figures pontoon intermediate quadrangular shape, whose lateral sides are common to it, and for allied-polygonal shapes pontoons. In hollow linear parallel connections, additional wind-driven installations are scattered about each other in a checkerboard pattern. The vertices of all pontoon figures, as well as sections of linear parallel connections on which additional wind power installations are installed, are made in the form of displacement foundations-floats, respectively angular and linear, in the form of truncated pyramids, tilted vertices down and with the number of faces equal to the number of sides polygonal pontoon figure.

In the center of each of the pontoon figures, and for polygonal figures also symmetrically to their aforementioned angular foundations-floats, a central displacement pyramid-float is outwardly similar to the latter. In this case, the faces of the angular and central, similar in appearance to them, pyramids-floats of polygonal figures facing each other, as well as the faces of the foundations-floats of linear parallel connections of the quadrangular figure-pontoon, are bonded to each other by means of flanges and with the possibility of communication between the cavities pyramids with hollow inter-melting stiffeners, respectively radial and diagonal. The hollow inter-float diagonal stiffeners and the linear parallel connection directed towards their common float foundation along the normal to them and with the possibility of internal communication are fastened in the same way with the faces of the central pyramid-float of the quadrangular figure-pontoon by means of inter-strut stiffeners. The diameter of the inter-float and inter-rake stiffeners, as well as the diameter of the perimetric and linear connections of the polygonal and quadrangular pontoons, equal in magnitude to it, is no more than half the height of the displacement pyramid-float, and all hollow inter-float and inter-rake stiffeners, as well as all hollow perimetric and linear bonds are fastened to the faces of the pyramids-floats by means of flanges in their upper part.

On the inter-float diagonal stiffeners of the quadrangular figure-pontoon, a surface platform is installed by means of hollow supports, the central part of which is installed on the central displacement pyramid-float of this quadrangular figure by means of an additional hollow support. The surface platform has berthing facilities, and on its surface there is a superstructure divided into service rooms and having a helicopter platform on the roof.

Angular and linear displacement foundations-floats bearing wind-driven installations are each reinforced in height and width by intersecting internal hollow stiffeners, horizontal of which with the possibility of internal communication are conjugated along the ends on the faces of the foundations-floats with linear connections, with radial and diagonal hollow inter-float stiffeners. A drainage ejector of the ballast-drainage system is installed in the internal sealed cavity of the vertical stiffening element of each float foundation, connected by its cavities to the sewage well receiver of this float foundation and the pipelines of working and pumped water. On the surface of the foundation-float of each figure-pontoon under the support tower, respectively, on the surface of its internal horizontal stiffener and in the plane of conjugation of this horizontal stiffener with the inner face and the vertical internal stiffener of the foundation-float, there are openings for access for maintenance personnel to auxiliary equipment .

At the bottom of each float foundation, there is a receiving Kingston of overboard water with a remote drive for flooding its internal cavity with water, and this internal cavity through the cavity of the support tower is made with the possibility of controlled communication with the atmosphere.

The central displacement pyramid-float of each polygonal and quadrangular figure-pontoon is divided in height by a rigid partition into interconnected tiers, in the upper of which a rigid faceted axisymmetric to the pyramid is symmetrical to its faces, with the same as that of the pyramid-float, the number of faces is a sealed partition in which the converting electrical equipment of the wind power installations of this pontoon figure is located. All faces of this partition with internal horizontal hollow stiffnesses and with the possibility of internal communication are interfaced, moreover, with the possibility of internal communication and along their ends on the walls of the faces of the pyramid-float, with hollow inter-float radial and interracial stiffeners. The mentioned partition wall of the central pyramid-float in each polygonal and quadrangular figure-pontoon is mounted on an axisymmetrically hollow cylindrical support located in the lower tier of the pyramid, in the upper sealed cavity of which there is a ballast-drain pump communicated by its receiving cavity with the receiver of the sewage well of this central pyramid - float, and the outlet pipe with casting kingston of this pyramid-float and with the collector of the ballast-drainage system installed in pyr this cylindrical support on which to angular and linear base-accordingly the floats withdrawn divergent-beams pipework installed inside mezhpoplavkovyh radial, and truss mezhraskosnyh stiffeners and each communicated with the inlet cavity of the working fluid ejector bilge corresponding angular or linear-foundation of the float. A receiving kingston with a remote drive is installed at the bottom of the central pyramid-float, the inner cavity of the central pyramid-float of any pontoon figure is made with the possibility of controlled communication with the atmosphere. A message shaft is installed on the surface of the central pyramid-float of the polygonal figure-pontoon and along its axis is made with the possibility of communication from the lower end with a faceted fence of the upper tier of the central pyramid-float, and from the side of the upper end and lower part of the side surface - with the atmosphere. The upper cavity of the cylindrical support has a communication with a faceted wall through an opening made in the horizontal dividing wall of the central pyramid-float.

The system of anchor devices of the pontoon truss is characterized by the fact that the windlass of the corresponding angular and linear displacement foundations-floats is installed in a sealed room located on the surface of this foundation-float from the side of its outer edge, and the anchor sprockets of the windlass are located on the outside of this sealed room. The loaded branches of the anchor chains are led out under the bottom of the foundation-float through channels, the exits-clues of which are located near its outer sides-faces, and the unloaded branches of the anchor chains are laid in chain boxes placed directly under the anchor stars in the cavity of the foundation-float, filled with water ballast. Angular and linear foundations-floats, oriented towards the prevailing winds, sea and tidal currents, and also to the side opposing the pressure of ice fields during the ice drift, are equipped with windlass with a double anchor star, and angular displacement foundations-floats located at the tops the lateral sides of the quadrangular figure-pontoon, made free of anchor devices.

The ballast-drainage system of the pontoon farm consists of parts independent from each other, equal to the number of its pontoon figures, each of which contains ballast compartments of the corresponding pontoon figure and the drainage subsystem serving them. The ballast compartments of the corresponding pontoon figure include cavities of its angular, linear and central displacement pyramids, respectively, filled with water through receiving kingstones, as well as inter-float perimetric cavity cavities equipped with scuppers and air holes. The drainage subsystem serving them contains a ballast-drainage pump installed in the central pyramid-float, drainage ejectors located respectively in each of the angular and linear foundations-floats, and pipelines with valves of the remote drive. The receiving cavity of each of the drainage means is connected to the drain well receiver of the corresponding pyramid-float, the outlet pipe of the ballast-drainage pump is connected to the casting kingston of this central pyramid-float and the collector of the ballast-drainage subsystem installed in this central pyramid-float, from which to the nozzles the working fluid of each of the drainage ejectors is allocated to the rays-pipelines laid to the ejectors inside the corresponding radial, diagonal and inter-diaphragm elements ENTOV stiffness, and the pressure chamber of each ejector is connected with the bilge discharges of Kingston-float of the foundation.

It is advisable to equip the proposed wind farm with a system for the recreation of the marine environment containing centrifugal air blowers, their air ducts with electric drive fittings and bottom air distributors. The air blowers are placed one at a time in all angular, linear and central displacement pyramids-floats of polygonal and quadrangular pontoon figures so that in each of the angular and linear displacement foundations-floats the air blower is installed in the sealed cavity of its horizontal stiffener from the side , and in each of the central displacement pyramids-floats, an air blower is installed in its sealed faceted baffle of the upper tier of the pyramid along with reobrazovatelnym equipment vetroelektroustanovok. The intake air ducts of all air blowers are vented to the atmosphere not lower than the wave breakdown level of each displacement pyramid-float. Each of the pressure air pipelines is connected by means of a three-way electrically controlled valve with the atmosphere and through the bottom of each displacement pyramid-float to an outboard pipe located near its bottom and communicated by means of a flexible hose with a bottom air distributor, made in the form of a distributor resting on a flat support on the sea the bottom and connected by radial diverging hollow bends with several perforated concentric air ducts, ennymi on extensions. The system of recreation of the marine environment of a floating wind farm itself is generally formed by a combination of many independent subsystems of recreation, each of which contains the listed air blowers, air ducts and air distributors.

It is advisable to equip the surface area of the quadrangular figure-pontoon of the proposed wind farm with means for mass entertainment in the form of an excursion platform, which includes a landing and walking terrace, occupying the space around the service premises and limited by railings around the perimeter of the surface, adjacent to the landing and walking terrace of the ramp leading respectively to the boat and the helipad, adjacent to the perimeter of the terrace, an auditorium, a surface bar-cafe with an adjoining open with a veranda, restaurant and sanitary facilities, and the central displacement pyramid-float of a quadrangular figure-pontoon, additionally provide at the bottom with a third tier made in the form of a polyhedron with the same number of vertical faces as the two upper tiers of this central pyramid -float, and in which there is an underwater restaurant-oceanarium, connected with a faceted fence by a spiral gangway, and with a surface platform - service and passenger elevators, whose shafts are adjacent to the side This additional surface central pyramid-float the hollow support, which wall faces the third-tier are transparent.

The restrictive and distinctive features of the claimed invention together provide a solution to the problem with the following technical results: the ability to increase the total capacity of the wind farm in one rigid structure to arbitrary values; improvement of specific indicators for the metal consumption of the pontoon farm, the cost of the anchor system, cable products, the interface system with the coastal power system and ballast-drainage system; ensuring ice resistance during the ice drift; maintainability and simplify maintenance; additional use for: recreation of ecologically unfavorable water areas; increase in commercial species and reproduction of populations of marine animals, fish and mariculture to industrial quotas; tourism development in the region; propaganda of knowledge-based environmentally friendly and resource-saving technologies.

1. Thus, the multi-unit collapsible-prefabricated structure of the proposed wind farm allows it to be assembled from an arbitrary number of links of the same type, each of which consists of two identical and shaped closed polygonal pontoon figures, each connected to each other at its two vertices adjacent to one and the same side of the polygonal figure, hollow linear parallel connections with the formation in this way between the polygonal figures of an intermediate quadrangular figure. The links connected by means of flanges are built along the coastline in one or several parallel multi-kilometer chains, or closed polygonal figures spanning water areas of several square kilometers are built from these links. In the general case, the total capacity of the wind farm is determined by the expression

P _WF = kP ₃ = k · (n + m) P _WU ,

where R _WF , R _s , P _WU - respectively, the power of the wind farm, one of its links and the unit power of one wind turbine; k, n, m - respectively, the number of links in the composition of the wind farm, the number of angular and linear wind turbines in the composition of one link.

Consequently, the multi-link structure of the supporting pontoon farm of the proposed wind farm makes it relatively easy to increase or decrease the total capacity of the power plant, if this is caused by seasonal changes in electricity demand or the development of the economy of this region.

2. Unlike the prototype wind farm, in which the pontoon farm perimeter is made in the form of a figure with a constant and large cross-sectional area and a developed transverse and longitudinal set, the polygonal and quadrangular pontoon figures of the proposed wind farm have displacement pyramids-floats only at the vertices and centers specified pontoon figures, as well as in separate sections of parallel linear connections. The perimetric connections of these pontoon figures, as well as the radial, diagonal, and inter-diagonal stiffeners that enhance their strength, have a diameter approximately two times smaller than the height of the indicated pyramids-floats. Moreover, all of the above bonds and stiffeners mate with pyramids-floats in their upper part. This leads to the fact that during the period of ice freezing and ice drift, when the wind farm is in the surface position, the winter waterline passes below the lower surface of the indicated bonds and stiffeners. Therefore, the latter will not have direct contact with ice, and to ensure the overall strength of the pontoon truss it is sufficient to make them from standard (tube-shaped) structural profiles without an internal set.

Therefore, due to the implementation of the sections of the pontoon truss, on which wind power plants are based, and the centers of the pontoon figures forming the link of the wind farm, in the form of displacement pyramids-floats, as well as due to the use of inter-float perimetric linear, radial, diagonal and inter-railing connections and stiffeners between them having relatively small cross-sectional areas and not containing an internal set, a reduction in absolute and specific metal consumption and simplification of technology and cooking pontoon farm.

3. In the proposed floating wind farm, angular displacement foundations-floats located at the tops of the sides of the quadrangular pontoon figure are made free of anchor devices. Based on this, a comparison of the total number of anchor devices of the prototype and proposed wind farms with the same total power of their wind power plants, for example 16 and 24 MW, shows that for wind power plants with a total capacity of 16 and 24 MW according to the prototype version, two and three independent octagonal trusses are required, respectively pontoons with 16 and 24 anchor devices. For wind farms of the same power according to the proposed option, one and one and a half tier pontoon truss structures are required, consisting of hexagonal figures (two and three respectively) connected by one quadrangular figure (for 16 MW) with four linear displacement foundations-floats and two quadrangular figures (for 24 MW) with three linear float foundations in each of these quadrangular figures. For such structures, wind farms have 12 and 16 anchor devices, respectively. Due to the smaller mass of the wind farm according to the proposed embodiment, the power of each anchor device individually also turns out to be lower compared to the prototype wind farm of the same total power.

Therefore, the proposed wind farm is characterized by lower specific costs for the creation of the anchor system (positioning system). This indicator will be the lower, the higher the total capacity of a floating wind farm.

4. The increase in the total power of a floating wind farm by increasing the number of individual wind farm prototypes requires laying an expensive underwater cable to the shore from each wind farm at a voltage of 6-35 kV. Naturally, for each wind farm in these conditions, its own set of equipment is needed to interface with the coastal power system. The transmission of the same capacities from the proposed wind farm, which is a single multi-link pontoon structure extended in a circuit, is carried out by only one underwater cable at a voltage of 35-110 kV. To connect this cable to the onshore power system, only one matching set of equipment is needed. With increasing voltage of the transmitting cable, as is known, its cross section and cost decreases. Naturally, in proportion to the reduction in the number of power lines and their cross sections, the costs of their installation, installation and operation are reduced.

Consequently, the proposed floating wind farm is characterized by lower specific costs for the transmission of electricity to the onshore power system, the quantitative indicators of which are lower, the higher the total capacity of the floating wind farm.

5. In the prototype wind farm, the perimeter of its polygonal pontoon truss is divided into ballast compartments, the number of which is equal to the number of sides of this figure. Each ballast compartment has an autonomous drainage subsystem, including each independent drainage pump, pipelines and fittings. In the proposed wind farm, the ballast and drainage system of the pontoon farm consists of independent parts equal to the number of its pontoon figures, each of which contains ballast compartments of the corresponding pontoon figure and the drainage subsystem serving them. The ballast compartments of the corresponding pontoon figure include cavities of its angular, linear and central displacement pyramids, which are filled with sea water through receiving kingstones, as well as cavities of inter-float perimetric connections equipped with scuppers and air holes. The drainage subsystem of each of the pontoon figures contains a ballast-drainage pump installed in the central pyramid-float, drainage ejectors located respectively in each of the angular and linear foundations-floats, and pipelines with remote control valves. Thus, the aggregate of several autonomous drainage subsystems of one polygonal figure-pontoon in the wind farm-prototype is opposed by a centralized drainage subsystem of the same polygonal figure-pontoon with one drainage pump, the power of which is significantly less than the total capacity of the pumps of the prototype drainage system, and several drainage ejectors, which low cost reliable, unpretentious in maintenance and efficient in work. The difference in the total capacities of the drainage pumps of the compared variants is achieved, firstly, due to the well-known amplifying effect of the jet pumps used in the proposed wind farm. Secondly, due to the fact that the ballast compartments of only displacement pyramids are flooded when the pontoon truss emerges, and water-filled cavities of inter-float perimetric connections are freed from the water by gravity through scuppers. An additional gain in the ratio of the indicated consumed capacities can be achieved due to the possibility of using a sequentially cross-method for controlling the operation of this system of ejectors in the proposed wind farm (not subject to claims). The total positive effect consists of a decrease in both initial costs and operating costs (energy costs, maintenance, maintenance) of the ballast-drainage system.

Therefore, the proposed floating wind farm is characterized by lower initial and operational costs for the ballast-drainage system.

6. Due to the design flaws noted above, a known wind farm cannot be used in freezing waters. In the proposed floating wind farm, ice resistance is achieved by a combination of the claimed features. So, for the period of freezing, the wind farm-pontoon floats to the surface position corresponding to its winter draft, due to the complete emptying of all its ballast compartments. In this case, the winter waterline runs below the lower surface of hollow perimetric and linear ties, as well as hollow inter-float radial, diagonal and inter-race stiffeners, since the diameter of inter-float and inter-raft stiffeners, as well as the diameter of the perimetric and linear connections of polygonal and the quadrangular figure-pontoons, is no more than half the height of the displacement pyramid-float, and all hollow inter-float and inter-rake stiffeners, as well as all hollow perimeters an insulating connection and linear-bonded with the faces of the pyramids floats in their upper part. For this reason, the pontoon farm freezes into the ice only with its displacement pyramids-floats, thereby obtaining a significantly reduced line of contact with ice compared with the prototype pontoon farm. This decision during the ice drift dramatically reduces the load on the anchor devices. In addition, the vertices of all pontoon figures, as well as sections of parallel linear connections on which additional wind power installations are installed, are made in the form of displacement foundations-floats, respectively angular and linear, in the form of truncated pyramids, tilted vertices down and with the number of faces equal to the number of sides of a polygonal pontoon figure. In the center of each of the pontoon figures, and for polygonal figures, the central displacement pyramid-float that looks similar to the latter is placed symmetrically to their aforementioned corner foundations-floats. Thanks to such oblique outer contours of the pyramids-floaters freezing during ice during the ice drift, the pushing ice (it has a loose structure at the beginning of the ice drift) easily breaks under the action of reaction forces applied along the normal to the ice edges from the side-sides. Broken ice under the pressure of the rear masses of ice flows around the sides and partially slides under the bottoms of the pyramids-floats. To keep the pontoon farm from sliding during the ice drift, angular and linear foundation floats oriented towards the prevailing winds, sea and tidal currents, as well as the side opposing the pressure of the ice fields during the ice drift, are equipped with twin anchor chains. An additional (operational) measure that increases the holding force of the anchors is, as you know, managing them: etching the anchor chains by the above windlass under the control of the automatic control system of the anchor system (is not subject to claims).

Therefore, the totality of such technical solutions as interspersing displacement pyramids-floats in the form of truncated pyramids located in the vertices and in the centers of pontoon figures located vertically downward, connecting their upper parts with inter-melt perimetric, linear, radial, diagonal and inter-railing bonds and stiffeners of reduced diameter and reinforcing these decisions with technological measures, such as surfacing in the surface above the ice, managing the anchor system during the ice drift, ensuring proposed wind farms are needed year-round trouble-free ldoustoychivost and its use in the freezing waters.

7. The maintainability of the proposed wind farm is achieved by the fact that the supporting pontoon truss is a multi-link pontoon structure stretched into a chain, each link of which consists of two identical and shaped polygonal pontoons, each connected to each other at its two peaks adjacent to to the same side of the polygonal figure, by means of flanges, hollow linear parallel connections with the formation in this way between the polygonal figures of the intermediate pontoon figure, in which the sides Both sides are common to both her and polygonal pontoon figures. This allows for overhaul to disconnect the multi-link wind farm to separate links, and the links to separate pontoon figures and deliver them by tug to a ship repair plant, without interrupting the functioning of other links and parts of the wind farm. In a similar way, it is possible to deliver individual float foundations to the shipyard with wind power installations installed on them to carry out average repairs using the known aggregate method. For this, the faces of truncated angular and central pyramids-floats of polygonal figures facing each other, as well as the faces of the foundations-floats of linear parallel connections of a quadrangular figure-pontoon, are bonded to each other by means of flanges and with the possibility of communication between the pyramid cavities with hollow inter-float elements stiffness, respectively radial and diagonal. In place of the float foundation that is disconnected for repair, you can always install a similarly repaired similar float foundation. If only the wind turbine of one of the wind power plants is subject to medium repair, only the upper part of the support tower at the place of its flange connection with the middle conical part is subject to dismantling.

For repair at the factory of auxiliary equipment located in the central displacement pyramids-floats, it is easy to lift it with the help of lifting equipment of the service vessel. For this, a communication shaft is installed on the surface of the central displacement pyramid-float of the polygonal figure-pontoon and along its axis, made with the possibility of communication from the lower end with a faceted fence of the upper tier of the central pyramid-float, and from the side of the upper end and lower side surface - with the atmosphere .

Maintenance can be carried out right on the spot by the repair team. In order to access the latter to the repair facilities of the wind farm, in addition to hollow radial and diagonal stiffeners connecting the cavities of the angular and linear foundations-floats with the cavities of the central pyramids-floats of the corresponding pontoon figures, it is provided that the hollow inter-float diagonal stiffeners and facing towards their common foundation-float linear parallel connection along the normal to them and with the possibility of internal communication are fastened in the same way with the faces of the central pyramid facing them avka of a quadrangular figure-pontoon by means of interracial stiffeners. For falling into the premises of the support tower of a wind turbine, windlass and drainage ejector on the surface of the foundation-float of each pontoon figure under the support tower, respectively, on the surface of its internal horizontal stiffener and in the plane of conjugation of this horizontal stiffener with the inner face and with the vertical inner stiffener foundation float, openings are located for access for maintenance personnel to the equipment.

Thanks to the listed design features, the proposed wind farm is characterized by a fairly high maintainability and ease of maintenance.

8. In the case of equipping the proposed wind farm with a marine environment recreation system containing centrifugal air blowers, their air ducts with electric drive fittings and bottom air distributors, it is able to perform additional functions: recreation of the marine environment, activation of underwater vegetation due to this, resulting in an increase in species and the number of populations of commercial fish, marine animals and mariculture, development on the basis of this coastal fisheries, and, as a result, expansion in the region not the range of the food market at the expense of seafood.

9. In the case of equipping the proposed wind farm with facilities for mass entertainment (excursion platform) from the declared elements, it becomes possible to conduct excursions to the wind farm to promote and advertise high science-intensive energy and resource-saving technologies, develop tourism in the region, expand the sphere of leisure and recreation of the local population.

The invention is illustrated by the following graphic materials. Figure 1 shows a General axonometric view of one link of a multi-unit floating offshore wind farm; figure 2 is a top view of the quadrangular figure of the farm-pontoon from under surface structures; Figures 3 and 4 are general views of a wind farm in the midship region of a quadrangular figure; 5 and 6 - the same, but when equipping a wind farm with an excursion platform; 7 and 8 - the device of the angular displacement foundation float; Figures 9 and 10 - arrangement of a central displacement pyramid-float of a polygonal pontoon figure; 11 is a diagram of a ballast-drainage subsystem of one pontoon figure; 12 is a bottom air distribution device.

Multi-unit floating coastal wind farm is a multi-link semi-submersible pontoon structure arranged in a chain along the coastline, one link of which is shown (Fig. 1). This link contains a pontoon truss 1, formed by two polygonal, for example hexagonal, pontoon figures 2 and 2 ', in which the vertices 3 and 3' are made in the form of displacement foundations-angular floats, connected around the entire perimeter of the figure by hollow inter-float perimetric connections 4, 5 and 4 '5', forming the outer sides of the pontoons-polygons. The angular displacement foundations-floats are made in the form of truncated pyramids, tipped with their tops down and having the same number of sides-faces as the polygonal pontoon figures 2 and 2 ', i.e. six. The vertices adjacent to the opposing perimetric connections 5 and 5 'of the different polygonal pontoon figures of this link are connected by means of flanges (not shown) by parallel linear connections 6 and 6'. As a result, the middle part of the truss-pontoon 1 forms a quadrangular pontoon figure 5-6-5'-6 ', in which the sides 5 and 5' are simultaneously the outer sides of adjacent pontoon-polygons 2 and 2 '. The parallel linear connections of the quadrangular pontoon figure are divided into equal parts, between which are built additional staggered float foundations 7 distributed linearly relative to each other in a checkerboard pattern, similar in shape to angular displaced foundations-floats 3 and 3 '.

In the center of each of the pontoon figures, and for polygonal figures, the central displacement pyramid-float 8, 8 ', 9 (Figs. 1 and 2), similar in shape to the angular and linear displacement foundations, is located symmetrically to their aforementioned angular foundations-floats. floats. Truncated bead-faces facing angular 3, 3 'and central 8, 8' of pyramids-floats of polygonal pontoon figures are connected by inter-float hollow radial stiffeners in the form of elements 10, and bead-faces facing each other of linear foundations-floats 7 of a quadrangular the pontoon figures are interconnected by inter-float hollow diagonal stiffeners 11. The latter, as well as the linear connection 6 'are connected normal to them with the side faces of the central displacement pyramid facing them oplavka 9 by means of the same hollow element 12 mezhraskosnyh radial stiffness. The diameters of all inter-float 10, 10 ', diagonal 11 and inter-rake 12 hollow stiffeners, as well as the diameters of inter-float perimetric and linear bonds of polygonal and quadrangular pontoon figures are equal to each other and make up half the height of the displacement pyramid-float. All inter-float hollow stiffeners 10, 10 '11, 12 and all inter-float hollow perimetric and linear connections 4, 4', 5, 5 ', 6, 6' are connected via flanges (not shown) to the side faces of the corresponding pyramids-floats in them top part.

On the inter-float diagonal stiffening elements 11 of the stiffness of the quadrangular pontoon figure (Figs. 3, 4), a surface platform 14 is installed by means of the hollow supports 13. In the center, this platform rests through an additional hollow support 15 on the surface of the central displacement float pyramid 9 of the quadrangular pontoon figure. On the surface site 14, a superstructure 16 was built, divided into service rooms: production and service (not shown). The surface area 14 is equipped with mooring devices 17, and on the roof of its superstructure 16 there is a platform 18 for a helicopter. Around the perimeter of the surface of the platform installed a fence 19 of the railing.

On angular 3, 3 'and linear 7 displacement foundations-floats, support towers 20 are installed (Figs. 1, 3), loaded with multi-blade wind turbines 21. Support towers consist of a lower cylindrical 22, a middle conical 23 and an upper tube-shaped 24 parts (Fig. 7 ) In the lower cylindrical part of the support tower, in a splash-proof casing (not shown), a wind electric generator 25 is mounted, coupled by means of couplings 26 to the shaft 27 of the wind turbine 21. The wind generator 25 is cooled by an independent centrifugal electric fan 28 mounted on the upper bearing shield 29 of the wind generator 25. For intake of cooling air the fan 28 is a shutter (not shown) in the lower bearing shield 30 of the wind generator, and for the discharge of hot air - discharge duct 31. For receipt and air outlet inside the support tower 20 are openings (not shown) in the conical part near its junction with the upper tube-like part 24. From the ingress of atmospheric precipitation and sea water, these openings are protected by a visor 32 and wave breaker 33, respectively. To enter the support tower 20 in the above-water position of the truss-pontoon 1 is a sealed hatch 34 with a lid. On the surface of each angular and linear displacement foundation-float installed from the side of its outer side face sealed room 35 windlass 36 and towing bollards 37 (Fig.7 and 8).

Inside the body of each angular 3, 3 'and linear 7 displacement foundation-float along its vertical axis, an internal hollow vertical stiffening element 38 is installed, perceiving the total weight of its upper structures. Under this stiffening element, a drainage well 39 of the foundation-float is arranged along its axis, the bottom of which is made with a slope towards the drainage well. The cavity of the internal vertical stiffening element 38 is divided by a sealed partition 40 into a lower permeable and upper sealed cavity. In the sealed cavity of the stiffening element 38, a drainage ejector (jet pump) 41 is connected, connected by its suction cavity (not shown) to the pumped water receiver 42 installed in the sewage well 39. The discharge cavity (not shown) of the ejector is connected by means of a discharge pipe 43 and a magnetically controlled shut-off valve 44 with casting kingston 45. To supply the working water to each ejector 41, there is a radial beam-pipe 46, laid along the corresponding inter-float 10, 10 ', 11 and inter-race 12 elements m of rigidity and equipped with a similar shut-off valve 44.

Inside the body of each angular 3, 3 'and linear 7 foundation-float in the horizontal plane between its sides there are internal intersecting hollow horizontal stiffeners 47, which are an internal continuation of the linear connection 6, 6' and the inter-float (external) stiffener: radially 10, 10 'for angular and diagonal 11 for a linear foundation float. At the junction of the inner horizontal stiffener 47 with the outer stiffener in the side wall of the float foundation there is a hatch 48. Similar manholes 49 are at the intersection of the inner horizontal stiffener 47 with the inner vertical stiffener 38 for passage from the inner half of the element 47 to its outer half and in the sealed upper cavity of the inner vertical stiffener 38, where a drain ejector 41 is installed. In the inner half of the horizontal stiffener 47 a centrifugal air blower 50 of the recreation system (if installed) is connected, connected by a receiving ventilation pipe 51 to a bell 52 having a flap with a magnetic actuator (not shown) located above the wave breaker sheet 33. The output pipe (not shown) of the air blower 50 is equipped with a three-way air valve - a damper (not shown) with an electric actuator connecting this pipe to an atmospheric air duct (not shown) and a discharge air duct 53 of the recreation system. The latter is brought out and connected to the outboard pipe 54. From the outer half of the horizontal stiffener 47 there is an exit 55 to the sealed room 35 of the windlass, as well as a hatch 56 to exit into the support tower 20. The entire interior of each float foundation, with the exception of the sealed horizontal internal cavities 47 and vertical 38 stiffeners is a water-filled ballast compartment. To receive ballast sea water, there is a magnetically-receiving Kingston 57 at the bottom of the float foundation, and for bleeding air into it through the cavity of the support tower, an electrically controlled ventilation valve (not shown) is installed directly below the electric generator 25.

The central displacement pyramid-float 8, 8 'and 9, respectively, of the polygonal and quadrangular pontoon figures is divided by a horizontal partition 58 (Fig.9, 10) into the upper and lower interconnected tiers. In the upper tier symmetrically to the vertical axis and the side faces of the pyramid-float, a hexagonal rigid sealed partition 59 (with the same number of faces as the pyramid-float itself) is built in. A typical converter electrical equipment of 60 of all wind-electric installations of this pontoon figure is located in this partition. Between each wall-face of the septum and the side-face of the pyramid-float facing it, hollow internal horizontal stiffnesses 61 are installed, which are a continuation of the external inter-float 10, 10 'and inter-race 12 radial stiffeners (Figs. 2, 9 and 10). Passages 62 are arranged along both ends of the internal horizontal stiffnesses in the walls-faces of the partition 59 and the sides-faces of the pyramid-float. They serve to communicate the partition 59 of the corresponding central pyramid-float with all angular 3, 3 'and linear 7 displacement foundations-floats of the corresponding pontoon figures. On the surface of the central pyramid-float 8, 8 'of the polygonal pontoon figure (Fig. 1) there is a hollow cylindrical shaft 63 of the message (Fig. 9), closed by a removable sealed cover 64. At the bottom of the shaft of the message on its side surface there is a hatch with a sealed cover 65. The cavity of the shaft 63 and the degenerate 59 have free communication with each other through the opening 66 on the surface of the pyramid-float. For the possibility of natural ventilation of the mine posts 63 and degenerate 59 in the upper part of the mine above the wave-breaking sheet 67 shutters 68 are arranged.

The bottom of the central pyramid-float of any pontoon figure is made with a slope of 3-5 ° to the drain well 69, placed along its vertical axis. In the same way, a cylindrical hollow support 70 is installed in the center of the lower tier of the central pyramid-float of any pontoon figure. It is divided by a partition 71 into upper tight and lower permeable cavities. An electric drive centrifugal dewatering pump 72 is located in the upper cavity, which is connected by its suction cavity (not shown) to the receiver 73 of the sewage well 69, and the discharge pipelines 74 and 75, respectively, with the collector 76 and the casting kingston 77 of the float pyramid. Rays-pipelines 46 are allotted from the collector 76, which are connected to the input cavities (not shown) of the working water of the ejectors along the corresponding inter-melting radial 10, 10 ', inter-diagonal 12 and diagonal 11 stiffeners (Figs. 2, 7, 8, 9, 10) 41 (Fig.7) angular 3, 3 'and linear 7 displacement foundations floats. The upper cavity of the cylindrical support 70 (Fig. 9) has free communication with the baffle through the hole 78 (Fig. 10) in the horizontal partition 58. In the lower cavity of the support 70, the side surfaces of which are perforated (not shown), a magnetically receiving kingston 79 is installed, and in the upper part of the wall-edge of the partition 59 installed electrically controlled ventilation valves (not shown).

A centrifugal air blower 80 of the marine environment recreation system (if installed) is attached to the ceiling of the partition 59, connected by a receiving pipe (not shown) with a suction air pipe 81. The output pipe (not shown) of the air blower 80 is equipped with a three-way electrically operated damper valve (not shown) connecting this pipe with an atmospheric air pipe (not shown) and a discharge air pipe 82, which is brought out to the outboard pipe 83. The entire inner space of each central pyramid is pop avka except faceted cubicle 59, internal rigidity of horizontal 61 and a hollow cylindrical bearing 70 is a ballast cavity.

The anchor system of the pontoon farm 1 consists of a set of independent anchor devices with which angular 3 and linear 7 displacement foundations floats are equipped. A separate anchor device contains an electric drive windlass 36 (Fig.7, 8) installed in an airtight room 35 on the surface of the corresponding displacement foundation float. The drive shaft (not shown) of the windlass 36 is brought out through the walls of the sealed room 35 to the anchor sprockets 84 located on the outside of the walls of the sealed room 35. The loaded branches 85 of the anchor chains are brought out under the bottom of the displacement foundation float through its inclined channels 86, outlet openings 87 of which are located near the outer side-face. The loaded branches 88 of the anchor chains are stacked in chain boxes 89 located in the water-filled cavity of the ballast compartment of this displacement foundation float directly under the anchor sprockets. Angular and linear displacement foundations-floats, which are facing the prevailing winds in a given area, sea and tidal currents, as well as opposing the pressure of ice fields during the ice drift, are equipped with windlass with two anchor sprockets 84 with corresponding anchor chains 85 and anchors (not shown). Those of the angular displacement foundations-floats of numerous pontoon figures, which are located at the vertices of the sides 5 and 5 '(Fig. 1) of the quadrangular pontoon figure, are made free of anchor devices. Windlass of other angular and linear displacement foundations-floats equipped with windlass 36 with single anchor sprockets 84 (Fig.7, 8).

Each of the polygonal and quadrangular pontoon figures is equipped with an independent ballast-drainage system. It includes a drainage subsystem (Fig. 11) and the ballast compartments of the corresponding pontoon figure serviced by it. In the polygonal pontoon figure, the ballast compartments are the water-filled cavities of the central 8, 8 'and angular 3, 3' displacement pyramids-floats (Figs. 1 and 2), as well as the cavities of the inter-float perimetric connections 4, 5, 4 ', 5'. In the quadrangular pontoon figure, the ballast compartments are the water-filled cavities of the central 9 and linear 7 displacement pyramids-floats. In the bottom of each of the displacement pyramids-floats built-in receiving Kingston 57 (Fig.7) and 79 (Fig.9) with remote magnetic control for receiving sea water. In addition, they are equipped with ventilation valves with remote electric control (not shown), installed in pairs, respectively, under the electric generator 25 on the surface of the foundations-floats 3, 3 'and 7 and in the upper part of the wall-face of the hexagonal partition 59 of the central pyramids-floats 8, 8 'and 9, as well as water level, roll and trim sensors (not shown).

The water-filled perimetric inter-float connections 4, 5, 4 ', 5' are made water-permeable, for which they have scuppers along the lower surface forming them, and ventilation holes (not shown) along the upper forming surface.

The drainage subsystem (Fig. 11) of each of the pontoon figures contains: drain wells 69 and 39, respectively, of the displacement central and angular (or linear) pyramids-floats (Figs. 7, 9, 11) located in their bottoms in the center; a dewatering pump 72 (Fig. 11, 9) installed in a central displacement pyramid-float; drainage ejectors 41 (Fig. 11.7) located in each of the angular 3, 3 '(or linear 7) displacement foundations floats. The receivers 42 and 73 of the drain wells of the respective pyramids-floats are connected to the suction cavities (not shown) of the dewatering pump 72 (Fig. 11, 9) and dewatering ejectors 41 (Fig. 11, 7). The discharge pipe 74 of the drain pump 72 is connected by means of a magnetically controlled shut-off valve 90, a manifold 76 and diverging rays-pipelines 46 (Figs. 11, 9, 7) to the nozzles (not shown) of the working water of the drain ejectors 41, and the discharge cavities of the latter (not shown) are connected through the casting piping 43 with the casting Kingston 45 (11, 7) angular and linear foundations-floats. These pipelines 43 and 46 are each equipped with remote magnetic control valves 44. The dewatering pump 72, in addition, is connected via its magnetically operated shutoff valve 91 to a casting kingston 77 with its discharge pipe 75 installed in the bottom of the corresponding central displacement pyramid-float (11, 9).

A multi-unit floating coastal farm in a particular case can be equipped with a marine environment recreation system consisting of a set of independent subsystems that are installed on each angular, linear and central pyramid-float of each of the polygonal and quadrangular pontoon figures. A separate subsystem contains a centrifugal blower 50 (Fig.7) or 80 (Fig.9), a suction 51 (Fig.7) or 81 (Fig.9) and a discharge 53 (Fig.7) or 82 (Fig.9) air ducts with their fittings (not shown), outboard pipe 54 (Fig. 7) or 83 (Fig. 9) and an attached air distributor 92 (Fig. 6). An air blower 50 in each of the angular and linear displacement float foundations is installed in the cavities of the sealed horizontal stiffeners 47 (Fig. 7) from the side of the side face, and an air blower 80 in each of the central displacement pyramids-floats is installed in its airtight hexagonal partition 59 (Fig.9) of the upper tier along with converting electrical equipment of wind turbines. The receiving bells 52 (Fig. 7, 9) of the air ducts of all air blowers are discharged into the atmosphere above the wave-breaking sheets 33 (Fig. 7) of the support towers of wind turbines on the angular and linear foundations-floats 3, 3 ', 7 and 67 of the communication shafts (Fig. 9) on the central pyramids-floats 8, 8 '. The discharge air pipe 53 (Fig. 7) or 82 (Fig. 9) of each air blower of each pyramid-float is connected through a three-way electrically operated shut-off valve-damper (not shown) with an atmospheric pipeline (not shown) and an outboard pipe 54 (Fig. 7) or 83 (Fig. 9). Outboard pipe of the corresponding pyramid-float is installed near its bottom. With a flexible air hose 93 (Fig. 6), the outboard pipe is connected to the bottom air distributor 92. The latter is made in the form of a receiving rigid pipe 94 (Fig. 12), a dispensing manifold 95, a flat support 96, radial hollow bends 97 connecting the distributor 95 several perforated air distribution pipes 98 concentrically encircling said manifold and supported by weight by means of extensions 99.

In the particular case, the surface area 14 (FIGS. 5, 6) of the multi-unit floating coastal wind farm and the central displacement pyramid-float 9 supporting it of a quadrangular pontoon figure can be made in a design suitable for serving tourists-excursions. In this version, the service rooms of the superstructure 16 of the surface area 14 are divided into production 100 and office 101 premises, and the surface area 14 is equipped with means for mass entertainment in the form of a tour platform 102. The tour platform includes: a landing and walking terrace 103, occupying the space around the serviced rooms and limited along the perimeter of the surface of the platform with a railing 19; gangways 17 and 104 adjacent to the landing terrace, leading respectively to a boat (not shown) and to the helipad 18 for landing; adjacent to the perimeter of the terrace is an auditorium 105, a surface bar-cafe 106 with an adjacent open veranda 107, the construction of a restaurant block 108 and a sanitary-hygienic block 109. The private displacement pyramid-float contains an additional (third) tier 110 located below its water-filled ballast compartment and having the shape of a polyhedron with the same number of vertical faces as the two upper tiers of this float pyramid. In the lower tier 110 there is an underwater restaurant-aquarium, in which the outer side walls-faces are made of high-strength transparent material. The restaurant-aquarium is connected with a faceted fence by a spiral gangway (not shown), and with a surface platform through two elevators (service and passenger), the airtight shafts 111 and 112 of which are located on the outer opposite side surfaces of the additional hollow support 15.

Electricity generated by wind turbines from the prefabricated switchboard located in the superstructure 16 is transmitted to the coastal power system via submarine cable 113.

Multi-unit floating coastal wind farm is used as follows.

Towing a wind farm and its positioning. The operation begins with the assembly of polygonal 2 and 2 'and quadrangular 5-6-5'-6' pontoon figures (Fig. 1) separately on the stocks of a shipyard (not shown). Then they are delivered in turn by means of a pusher (not shown) to the anchorage in the surface position of these pontoon figures. When towing these parts using towing bollards 37 (Fig.7, 8), mounted on angular 3 and linear 7 displacement foundations-floats (Fig.1, 7, 8). Towed pontoon figures are positioned by means of pusher tugs so that to meet the prevailing winds, currents and the movement of ice fields during the ice drift, displacement float foundations equipped with windlass 36 with double anchor sprockets 84 are opposed (Figs. 7, 8). In this position, these pontoon figures are connected by means of flanges (not shown) to the links (figure 1), which are mounted on anchors (not shown). This operation is performed in stages. Initially, the anchors are brought to the places of their occurrence (not shown) using this tugboat, while etching the anchor chains 85, 88 with windlass 36 (Fig. 7). After all the anchors are turned on, the pontoon 1 farm is finally unfastened, choosing one and etching the other anchor chains by means of windlass of different displacement foundations-floats. Electricity for this period can be brought to the windlass using a temporary flexible cable (not shown) from the pusher. At the end of the positioning of the first link of the wind farm, the loaded branches 85 of the anchor chains are fixed with stoppers (not shown). If the wind farm has a multi-link design, the second and subsequent links are towed and assembled in a similar sequence, which are assembled by a pusher to the first link, connected by flanges and also mounted on anchors.

At the next stage, the anchored wind farm is connected to a high-voltage underwater cable 113 pre-laid along the seabed, which is led to the wind farm in the region of the surface area 14 of the quadrangular pontoon figure (Fig. 6). Cable laying along the seabed is carried out using a cable-laying vessel or other craft (not shown) adapted for this purpose.

After completion of the positioning operation of all links of the wind farm, if necessary, the installation of a recreation system is carried out. In this case, a service vessel equipped with a lifting mechanism (not shown) is used. Moving on this vessel from one displacing foundation-float 3, 3 ', 7 to another, the bottom air distributors 92 (Fig. 6) are lowered to the bottom of the sea using a lifting mechanism so that they rest on the seabed with supports 96 (Fig. 12) . Then, these air distributors with their nozzles 94 are connected by means of flexible air hoses 93 (Fig. 6) to the outboard nozzles 54 (Fig. 6, 7) of the angular (also linear) and 83 (Fig. 6, 9) central pyramids of the pontoon truss 1.

After completing all installation work, the wind farm is transferred to a semi-submerged position to the level of its summer waterline, passing through the middle section of the conical part 23 (Figs. 3, 6, 7) of the supporting towers 20 of the wind turbines 21 (Figs. 1, 3, 6) below their wave-breaking sheets 33 (Fig. 7) and 67 (Fig. 9). This operation is performed by simultaneously taking outboard water into the ballast compartments of all angular 3, 3 ', linear 7 and central 8, 8', 9 pyramids-floats of the pontoon farm (Figs. 1 and 2). To do this, using an automated remote control system (not shown), Kingstones 57 (Fig. 7) and 79 (Fig. 9) are opened simultaneously in the angular (also linear) and central pyramids-floats, as well as their ventilation valves (not shown) ) Seawater fills the ballast compartments of these float pyramids by gravity. The air displaced in this case, using water level sensors, is regulated to bleed inside the support towers 20 of the wind turbines (Figs. 1, 3, 6, 7), the additional support tower 15 of the central pyramid-float 9 (Figs. 3, 6) and the communication shafts 63 ( Fig.9) of the central pyramids-floats 8 and 8 '(Fig.1, 2). From here, air escapes to the atmosphere in the latter cases through the blinds 68 (Fig. 9) of the communication shafts 63 and support towers 15, in the first case, through the openings (both not shown) of the support towers 20 of the wind turbines 21 located in both cases above the wave-breaking sheets 33 ( Fig.7) and 67 (Fig.9) of these pyramids-floats. When the farm-pontoon 1 plunges to the level of the lower surface of the perimetric connections 4, 4 ', 5, 5' (Figs. 1, 2), seawater enters their cavity by gravity through scuppers (not shown), displacing air into the atmosphere through holes (not shown) in the upper surface of these bonds. The immersion depth of the pontoon farm 1 is controlled by the aforementioned controlled kingstones and ventilation valves according to the signals of water level sensors (not shown), roll sensors and trim (not shown). In the semi-submerged state of wind farms, the internal cavities of the supporting towers 20 of the wind turbines are protected from sea water and precipitation by wave breakers 33 and visors 32 (Fig. 7), and in the communication shafts 63 central pyramids-floats 8 and 8 'do this through wave breakers 67 and blinds 63 (Fig. 9).

Operation of the wind farm in the spring and summer. During this period, the farm-pontoon 1 (Fig.1, 3 and 6) is in a semi-submerged position along the summer waterline. Only the pipe-shaped parts 24 of the supporting towers with their wind turbines 21, the tops of the mines 63 of the communication and the surface area 14 with its superstructure 16 located in the midship region of the quadrangular pontoon figure 5-6-5'-6 'rise above the water surface. Due to the fact that the wind farm occupies a significant area, has a sufficient mass, and, above all, that its underwater structures are below the disturbed water layer, the pontoon farm 1, even with the strongest waves, does not experience fluctuations from the action of waves. This almost eliminates the wave dynamic loads on the pontoon truss structures and ensures the normal functioning of wind power plants. Nevertheless, due to the instability of the wind flows and the variable speed of the wind generators 25 (Fig. 7), the latter generate "dirty" electricity, i.e. having voltage and current frequency unsuitable for its consumers. Therefore, this product is converted into "clean" electricity with stable and nominal values of its parameters by means of the known converting electrical equipment 60 (Figs. 9, 10) installed in sealed baffles 59 of the central pyramids-floats 8, 8 'and 9. Then, the stabilized voltage 6- 10 kV of clean electricity is increased by means of a typical transformer (not shown) located in the superstructure 16 (Figs. 3, 6) to 35-110 kV (depending on the total power of the wind farm), and transmitted via a high-voltage underwater cable 1 13 to the nearest shore transformer substation (not shown) of the appropriate voltage. A part of the net electric power of 0.4-10 kV voltage is supplied to a typical auxiliary switchboard (not shown) installed in the superstructure 16. From this shield, in particular, dewatering pumps 72 (Figs. 9 and 11) are located in the central pyramids-floats 8, 8 'and 9 in sealed cavities of their vertical supports 70, fans 28 (Fig. 7, 8) of independent air cooling of wind generators 25, windlass 36, air blowers 50 (Fig. 7) and 80 (Fig. 9) of the system recreation of the marine environment, placed in sealed cavities of all feast mid-floats: angular, linear, central. Cable routes (not shown) from the wind generators 25 (Fig. 7) to the converting electrical equipment 60 (Fig. 9) located in the baffles 59 of the central pyramids-floats 8, 8 ', 9 and the superstructure 16 (Figs. 3, 6) of a quadrangular pontoon figures pass through the sealed cavities of the inter-float stiffeners.

The wind farm operates in automatic mode. The functions of the staff working on a rotational basis are reduced to monitoring the operation of the wind farm equipment. In the basic version, the daily watch consists of two people: an electrical engineer and his assistant, who alternately keep watch in the central control center of the CPU (not shown), located in add-on 16, rest and perform routine maintenance. Between themselves, they communicate on a mobile radiotelephone. If it is necessary to carry out current repair and maintenance work, the watch team calls the repair crew arriving on the service boat, which is moored to the mooring device 17, through the coastal dispatcher. In case of strong excitement, the repair team is delivered by helicopter, which is taken to the helipad 18. During the shift of duty, the dealer and The host watch bypasses all wind power installations. The walking route from the CPU towards the polygonal pontoon figures is as follows. By service elevator 111 (Fig.5, 6), walkers descend into the baffle 59 (Fig.9, 10) of the central pyramid-float 9 of a quadrangular pontoon figure. Then, through the passages 62 and horizontal stiffnesses 61, the route runs along the interraft 12 and inter-float diagonal stiffeners 11 (arrows in figure 2) towards any linear displacement foundation-float 7 and through the hatches 48 (Figs. 7, 8) into the internal cavities of the latter . From this, for example, the left float foundation 7 to the left polygonal pontoon figure 2 (FIGS. 1, 2), its route to its central pyramid-float 8 passes through the hatch 48 of this linear float foundation, similarly via a linear connection 6 ', similarly via an angular foundation float lying at the intersection of bonds 5 and 6 ', and then along the inter-float radial stiffener 10 to the central pyramid-float 8. From the partition 59 of the pyramid-float 8 along other inter-float radial stiffeners 10 and through hatches 48 (Fig. 7, 8) crawlers pass in Juba other angular displacement foundation-float 3. Through their sealed horizontal elements 47 stiffening they fall into the adjacent cavity and the room: through the hole 55 - 35 in room 36 of windlass; through the hatch 56 - into the cylindrical room 22 of the wind generator 25; through the hole 49 - into the sealed cavity of the vertical stiffener 38 to the drainage ejector 41.

To the right polygonal figure 2 '(figures 1 and 2) from the partition 59 of the central pyramid-float 9, the route is similar (shown by arrows in figure 2 through a linear connection 6).

To avoid the occurrence of mechanical stresses in the nodes of the pontoon truss 1 caused by the possible roll, trim due to the possible uneven water level in the compartments of the displacement pyramids-floats, and to ensure the normal position of the wind turbines 21 relative to the direction of the wind flow, the horizontal position of the pontoon truss is controlled by water level sensors (not shown) in the ballast compartments of all displacement pyramids-floats, and roll and trim sensors (not shown) of the pontoon truss located in the baffles 59 of the central pyramid-floats 8, 8 'and 9. When the water level in the ballast compartment of a pyramid-float rises relative to the set value, the automatic heeling and trim system (not shown) automatically starts the drying pump 72 (Figs. 9, 11) of the corresponding ballast-drainage subsystem, includes a drainage ejector 41 (Figs. 7, 11) of the corresponding float foundation and equalizes the pressure in its ballast compartment by opening a ventilation valve (not shown). When restoring the set water level in the ballast compartment, this system switches off the working ejector, and the dehumidification pump stops, also blocking the corresponding valves.

Operation of a wind farm in the autumn-winter period. This period is characterized by an increase in monsoon winds up to stormy and the establishment of negative air temperatures. Before covering the water area with ice, a strong disturbance of the sea surface causes icing of the supporting towers 20 (Figs. 1, 7) of wind turbines and communication shafts 63 (Figs. 1, 9) of the central pyramids-floats. The mass of the wind farm is increasing, as well as its draft. To maintain precipitation at the summer elevation, part of the ballast is pumped out, maintaining the horizontal position of the pontoon truss 1 and avoiding overvoltages in its nodes. To do this, in the remote automated control mode of the ballast-drainage system, the drainage pumps 72 (FIGS. 9, 11) are started, the drainage ejectors 41 are turned on by shutoff valves 44 (FIGS. 7, 11), and ballast water is pumped overboard through the casting kingstones 45, restoring summer rainfall. The voids formed in the ballast compartments are filled with atmospheric air through ventilation valves. To limit the icing process and cause the ice to melt on icy areas of the felt farm in quiet weather, periodically turn on a typical anti-icing device, for example, built-in flat heat-generating cables (not shown), encircling the conical part of the support towers 20 above the level of the summer waterline to the wave-breaking sheets 33 and the lower surface of these sheets.

With the appearance of the first signs of ice formation around the wind farm, the ballast-drainage system is instructed to completely raise the pontoon farm to the level of the winter waterline, which is slightly lower than the lower surface of its perimeter 4, 4 ', 5, 5' and linear 6, 6 'connections, as well as inter-float radial 10, diagonal 11 and interracial 12 stiffening elements of polygonal 2, 2 'and quadrangular figures 5-6-5'-6' (Figs. 1 and 2). According to this command, dewatering pumps 72 and dewatering ejectors 41 (Figs. 7, 11) of all ballast-dehydrating subsystems are brought into operation at full power. The pontoon farm pops up and, with the indicated draft, freezes into ice, turning into a monolithic completely motionless foundation for surface structures, which are not afraid of the strongest storm winds. After the ascent, the ballast compartments are completely empty due to the fact that the bottom of all pyramids-floats has a slope of 3-5 ° to their drain well 39 (Fig. 7, 11) or 69 (Fig. 9, 11) and water flows by gravity into this drain a well from which it is completely ejected overboard through the casting kingstones 45. When the sewage wells at all float foundations of the corresponding polygonal or quadrangular pontoon figure are drained, its shutoff valves 44 and 90 are closed, while the shutoff valve 91 is opened. A dewatering pump 72, which is lowered, drains the drainage well 69 through the casting kingston 77. To avoid thawing of pipelines 43, 46 and collectors 76 of the central pyramids, they are blown with compressed air from an auxiliary pneumatic system (not shown).

In the spring, in the ice drift, the opposition of the wind farm to the pressure of ice is ensured, first of all, by the fact that the displacing foundations-floats of the pontoon farm, subject to pressure of ice, are equipped with windlass 36 with double anchor sprockets 84, double anchor chains 85, 88 attached to two anchors (not shown ) In addition, the wind farm itself has an ice-resistant design due, firstly, to the fact that its winter waterline runs below the lower surface of its stiffeners, parametric and linear connections, which reduces the overall contact line of the pontoon farm with ice cover. Secondly, all pontoon pyramids that are frozen in ice have beveled sides, like the stem of an icebreaking vessel. Due to this, the reaction force from the side-faces that occurs at the moment of pressure of the mass of ice on them is directed normal to the ice edge. By the beginning of the ice drift, spring ice has a loose structure and the indicated reaction force easily breaks this ice. The resulting pieces of ice under the pressure of the back line of ice flow around the sides-faces of the pyramids-floats and go under their bottoms. For insurance, just before the start of the ice drift, ice around the wind farm is cracked using a port icebreaker.

At the end of the ice drift, the farm-pontoon 1 is transferred again to the underwater position along the summer waterline, as described above.

Repair work. Routine repair of wind turbines, conversion and auxiliary equipment of the wind farm is carried out on site by the repair team. It has at its disposal a turning and electric workshops (not shown), a welding section with stationary and portable welding units (not shown) located in the superstructure 16. Maintenance is facilitated by the fact that the main equipment of the wind farm, excluding the wind turbine 21 (Fig. 3 , 6, 7), located in its internal compartments and rooms, which excludes the influence of weather conditions on the work.

The average repair of the wind farm is carried out in a shipyard according to the well-known aggregate method. The wind-driven installation to be repaired together with its displacement foundation-float is disconnected from the flanges of the corresponding perimetric (or linear) connections and stiffeners, and an already repaired wind-electric module is installed in its place. This work is performed in the surface position of the pontoon farm 1. The dismantled module is towed to the shipyard. If not the entire module is subject to repair, but only a wind turbine of any wind turbine, only the pipe-shaped part 24 of the supporting tower 20 (Fig. 7) is to be dismantled with the help of a crane vessel (not shown). If converter electrical equipment 60, a drainage pump 72 (Fig. 9), an air blower 80 or other auxiliary units and mechanisms located in the central displacement pyramids-floats 8, 8 ', polygonal pontoons 2, 2' should be delivered to the shipyard, they are lifted outward by a crane vessel (not shown) through the hatch 66 of the shaft 63 of the message with the cover 64 removed. In this case, the ascent of the wind farm to the surface position is not required.

Overhauls of wind farms are also carried out at the shipyard, delivering there not separate wind turbine modules, but completely dismantled polygonal 2, 2 'or quadrangular 5-6-5'-6' pontoon figures (Fig. 1). During the repair of one pontoon figure, other parts of the wind farm of this link continue to function.

Before dismantling the parts of the wind farm to be repaired, their anchors are lifted. This operation is performed using an auxiliary vessel (not shown). By means of the lifting device of the latter, the lifting and lifting of each anchor to the surface of the water is carried out in turn. After that, a command is given to the wind farm to begin selecting the anchor chain 85, 88 (Fig. 7) with a windlass 36 of the corresponding float foundation. Together with the raised anchor, the auxiliary vessel is also pulled, which holds this anchor in weight. The selected anchor chain is placed in the chain box 89, and the anchor (not shown) is pulled into the lock 87. After completing the operation of shooting one anchor, they begin to shoot the next anchor, acting in the specified sequence. After retracting the last anchor in the appropriate clus of the part of the wind farm to be repaired, they begin to dismantle it.

Use of a marine environment recreation system. In the case of using a system of recreation of the marine environment, they implement the well-known technology of recreational processes, which is based on the enhancement of the natural biological activity of marine microorganisms due to the forced supply of atmospheric air to the bottom layers of oxygen-depleted water. For this, on each displacement pyramid-float of each of the polygonal 2.2 'and quadrangular 5-6-5'-6' pontoon figures (Figs. 1, 2), in the particular case of use, a centrifugal blower 50 (Fig. 7) and 80 are installed (Fig.9). Power to these air blowers is supplied from the auxiliary switchboard (not shown) installed in the superstructure 16 (Fig.3-6). For non-working superchargers, all their air ducts are blocked by shutoff valves (not shown). The start of the air blowers is carried out alternately according to the commands sent from the CPU. At the start command, the air damper of the socket 52 (Figs. 7, 9) and the three-way damper valve connecting the outlet pipe (not shown) of the air blowers 50 and 80 with the atmosphere are opened. The electric motor of the air blower is turned on, and when the nominal speed is reached, the atmospheric air duct is simultaneously synchronized by means of a three-way shutter valve and the pressure air duct 53 (Fig. 7) and 82 (Fig. 9) leading to the outboard pipe 54 (Fig. 7) and 83 (Fig. .9). By increasing pressure, water is displaced from the flexible hose-duct 93 (Fig. 6), the distribution manifold 95 (Fig. 12), radial outlets 97 and air distribution pipes 98 through their openings. After emptying the entire air distributor 92 (Fig. 6) from the water, the pressure in the discharge air duct stabilizes and the commissioning process of the air blower is completed.

In oxygen-rich bottom layers of water, aerobic biological treatment of organic pollutants entering the sea (bay) with sewage and industrial effluents is activated. As a result, ordinary sea sludge gradually turns into activated sludge, saturated with bacteria and simple microorganisms. The former mineralize organic substances dissolved in water, the latter minerals in suspension. As a result, the transparency of water improves, and with it its light transmission. The abundance of light and oxygen causes the rapid growth of underwater vegetation, which is a breeding ground for marine microorganisms (plankton), animals and fish. The presence of diverse and plentiful food causes an increase in their species, an increase in species populations, including those that are of commercial importance. This leads to the development of coastal amateur and industrial fishing and mariculture and the replenishment of the food market with fresh, inexpensive products. The rich and diverse underwater world creates favorable conditions for organizing marine recreational activities of the local population and attracting nonresident and foreign tourists.

The role of the claimed system of recreation is of particular importance during the period of freezing, when the ice cover prevents the natural process of saturation of sea water with oxygen. At this time, the plant and animal world experiences oxygen starvation. Animals and fish migrate, and coastal fishing efficiency declines in winter. The biological treatment processes are practically ceasing. Artificial supply of atmospheric air under the ice makes this cleaning year-round and eliminates oxygen starvation, at least in the area where the wind farm is located.

In winter, this area will be a favorite vacation spot for amateur fishermen and the work of fishing.

Special cases of using wind farms. In order to attract wide investments in this expensive project, increase its commercial attractiveness and reduce the payback period, it is envisaged to expand the functions of the wind farm, in particular its use as an object of tourist attraction. Such a function is quite justified and logical, since the task has arisen for the earth community to preserve natural organic resources for posterity and to satisfy energy needs through new, including non-traditional and renewable energy sources. However, their use, at least the business world, which has all the possibilities, is reserved. Promoting success will be helped by extensive information and advocacy of practical steps in this area through a convincing demonstration of the real achievements and capabilities of the implemented projects. The coastal floating wind farm itself may be of interest as a unique high-tech and engineering construction worthy of display to a wide range of people, including foreign tourists.

This is demonstrated in the following way. A direct visit to the wind farm is preceded by a boat trip on an environmentally friendly passenger boat, for example driven by wind-powered energy, around a wind farm with a perimeter of several kilometers, with a panoramic view of the city from the sea (bay). During the walk, single and group photographing and video shooting of tourists from the boat against the background of the wind farm in the foreground and panoramas of the city in the background are made. After the walk, the boat moors to the mooring device 17 (Figs. 5, 6) and the excursionists are invited to climb onto the landing and walking terrace 103 and go to the auditorium 105, where they are shown short films about the constructive, resource-saving, environmentally friendly and social efficiency of the floating wind farm. After that, tourists are offered a walking route through a wind farm. It passes along the perimeter of the surface platform 14 with a visit to the industrial premises 100 of the superstructure 16. Then, 112 passengers are lowered along the passenger elevator into the faceted wall 59 (Fig. 9, 10) of the central pyramid-float 9 (Fig. 2), from where the underwater part of the pedestrian route begins . From the faceted partition 59, the route runs through interraft 12 and inter-float diagonal 11 (Fig. 2) stiffeners into the sealed cavities of one of the linear, for example, connection 6, foundation floats 7, including rooms 35 for a windlass and 22 wind generators (Fig. 7). From the visited linear foundation-float along other diagonal and inter-rake stiffeners, the excursionists again fall into the faceted fence 59 of the mentioned central pyramid-float. From here, the route leads along a spiral ladder (not shown) to the lower tier 110 (Fig.6) of the pyramid-float, where there is an oceanarium restaurant with transparent sides-sides, decorated inside and out under an underwater grotto. Here, against the backdrop of the natural underwater world, accompanied by musical works from famous movies, weary tourists are offered to relax and enjoy seafood and refreshing health drinks from local pharmaceutical enterprises. After the rest, the excursion is organizedly taken up by the passenger elevator to the landing and walking terrace and a group photograph is taken to commemorate the visit to the wind farm. After purchasing souvenirs, tourists are invited to board a passenger boat and delivered to the shore.

In fresh weather, a boat trip is replaced by a helicopter ride with its landing on the helipad 18. Tourists arriving in this way are invited to descend the ramp 104 to the landing and walking terrace 103, from where the tour begins. For unorganized tourists who arrived at the wind farm by private watercraft, excursion groups are formed directly at the wind farm itself. In anticipation of the start of the excursion, vacationers stroll along the seating and walking terrace, take pictures, watch entertaining video programs in the auditorium 105, spend time in the top bar-cafe 106 or on the open salon-veranda 107 with a view of the city landscape.

In winter, organized excursion groups are delivered to the wind farm by sightseeing buses on hard ice, and when the ice is still unstable, then also by helicopter.

Claims (3)

1. A multi-unit floating coastal wind farm containing a hollow carrier pontoon truss, made in plan in the form of a polygonal figure closed by means of hollow perimetric connections and having auxiliary equipment located inside it, a system of anchor devices distributed uniformly around the perimeter of the polygonal figure to hold it motionless, angular wind power plants located on the surface of a polygonal figure at its vertices and including each multi-blade wind turbine, support a supporting tower containing the middle conical and lower cylindrical parts, as well as a ballast-drainage system and an underwater power cable laid along the bottom of the sea, characterized in that the supporting truss-pontoon is a multi-link pontoon structure stretched into a chain, each link of which consists of two identical and shaped closed polygonal pontoon figures, each connected to each other at its two vertices adjacent to the same side of the polygonal figure, by means of hollow flanges frost parallel connections with the formation between this polygonal figures of an intermediate quadrangular pontoon figure, in which the sides are common both for it and for adjacent polygonal figure-pontoons, with scattered staggered relative to each other in hollow linear parallel connections additional wind power installations; the vertices of all pontoon figures, as well as sections of linear parallel connections on which additional wind power installations are installed, are made in the form of displacement foundations-floats, respectively angular and linear, having the shape of truncated pyramids, tilted vertices down, and with the number of faces equal to the number of sides polygonal pontoon figure, moreover, in the center of each of the pontoon figures, and for polygonal figures also symmetrically to their aforementioned angular foundations-floats, externally similar to the last chains a trailing displacement pyramid-float, while the faces of the angular and central, similar in appearance to them, pyramids-floats of polygonal figures facing each other, as well as the faces of the foundations-floats of the linear parallel connections of the quadrangular figure-pontoon, are fastened together by means of flanges and with the possibility of communication between the cavities of the pyramids with hollow inter-float stiffeners, respectively radial and diagonal, and hollow inter-float diagonal stiffeners and facing towards their common foundation-float, linear parallel connection normal to them and with the possibility of internal communication are fastened in the same way with the faces of the central pyramid-float of the quadrangular figure-pontoon by means of interstiff stiffeners, and the diameter of the inter-float and interstretch stiffeners is also as well as the equal in diameter diameter of the perimetric and linear bonds of polygonal and quadrangular pontoon figures, is not more than half the height of the displacement pyramid -float, and all hollow inter-float and inter-rake stiffeners, as well as all hollow perimetric and linear bonds, are fastened to the faces of the pyramids-floats by means of flanges in their upper part; on the inter-float diagonal stiffeners of the quadrangular figure-pontoon, a surface platform is installed by means of hollow supports, the central part of which is installed on the central displacement pyramid-float of this quadrangular shape by the additional hollow support, the surface platform has mooring devices, and on its surface there is a superstructure divided into service premises and a roof for a helicopter; angular and linear displacement foundations-floats, bearing wind-driven installations, each reinforced in height and width by intersecting internal hollow stiffeners, horizontal of which with the possibility of internal communication are conjugated at the ends on the faces of the foundations-floats with linear connections, with radial and diagonal hollow inter-float stiffeners, moreover, a drainage ejector is installed in the internal sealed cavity of the vertical stiffener of each float foundation ballast-drainage system, coupled with their cavities respectively with receiver sump of the foundation-float and working conduits and pumped water; on the surface of the foundation-float of each figure-pontoon under the support tower, respectively, on the surface of its internal horizontal stiffener and in the plane of conjugation of this horizontal stiffener with the inner face and the vertical internal stiffener of the foundation-float are openings for access for maintenance personnel to auxiliary equipment, moreover, in the bottom of each foundation float is installed a receiving Kingston of outboard water with a remote drive for flooding it morning cavity with water, and this internal cavity itself through the cavity of the supporting tower is made with the possibility of controlled communication with the atmosphere; the central displacement pyramid-float of each polygonal and quadrangular figure-pontoon is divided in height by a rigid partition into interconnected tiers, in the upper of which there is an axisymmetric pyramid-float and symmetrical to its faces built in hard faceted with the same number as the pyramid-float, the number a sealed partition, in which the converting electrical equipment of the wind power plants of this figure-pontoon is located, while all the faces of this partition are internal horizontal hollow stakes and with the possibility of internal communication are associated, moreover, with the possibility of internal communication and along their ends on the wall of the edge of the pyramid-float, with hollow inter-float radial and interracial stiffeners, the said dividing wall of the central pyramid-float in each polygonal and quadrangular figure-pontoon mounted on an axisymmetrically hollow cylindrical support located in the lower tier of the pyramid, in the upper sealed cavity of which there is a ballast-drainage c, communicated by its receiving cavity with the receiver of the sewage well of a given central pyramid-float, and by the outlet pipeline with a casting kingstone of this pyramid-float and a collector of a ballast-drainage system installed around this cylindrical support, from which are allocated to the angular and linear footing-floats diverging rays-pipelines laid inside the inter-float radial, diagonal and inter-rake stiffeners and each communicated with the inlet cavity of the working fluid drain ejector of the corresponding angular or linear foundation-float, a receiving kingston with a remote drive is installed in the bottom of the central pyramid-float, the inner cavity of the central pyramid-float of any pontoon figure is made with the possibility of controlled communication with the atmosphere, on the surface of the central pyramid-float of a polygonal figure -pontoon and along its axis a communication shaft is installed, made with the possibility of communication from the lower end with a faceted fence of the upper tier of the central pyramid -float, and on the side of the upper end and the lower part of the side surface - with the atmosphere, and the upper cavity of the cylindrical support has a message with a faceted baffle through an opening made in the horizontal dividing wall of the central pyramid-float; the system of anchor devices of the truss-pontoon is characterized by the fact that the windlass of the corresponding angular and linear displacement foundations-floats is installed in a sealed room located on the surface of this foundation-float from the side of its outer face, and the anchor sprockets of the windlass are located on the outside of this sealed room, In this case, the loaded branches of the anchor chains are brought out under the bottom of the foundation-float through channels, the outlet-clams of which are located near its outer sides-faces, and are not loaded the branches of the anchor chains are laid in chain boxes placed directly under the anchor stars in the cavity of the float foundation filled with ballast water, with angular and linear float foundations oriented towards the prevailing winds, sea and tidal currents, and also, opposing the pressure of ice fields during the ice drift, equipped with windlass with a double anchor sprocket, and angular displacement foundations-floats located at the tops of the sides of the quadrangular figure-pontoon, made free of anchor devices; The ballast and drainage system of the pontoon farm consists of independent parts equal to the number of its pontoon figures, each of which contains the ballast compartments of the corresponding pontoon figure and the drainage subsystem serving them, while the ballast compartments of the corresponding pontoon figure include water filled through receiving kingstones cavities of its respectively angular, linear and central displacement pyramids-floats, as well as cavities of inter-float perimetric connections equipped with scuppers and air passage openings, and the drainage subsystem serving them contains a ballast-drainage pump installed in the central pyramid-float, drainage ejectors located respectively in each of the angular and linear foundations-floats, and pipelines with remote actuator fittings, and the receiving cavity of each of the drainage means connected to the receiver of the sewage well of the corresponding pyramid-float, the outlet pipe of the ballast-drainage pump is connected to the casting kingston of this the central pyramid-float and the collector of the drainage subsystem installed in this central pyramid-float, from which the rays-pipelines laid to the ejectors inside the corresponding radial, diagonal and inter-rake stiffeners are allocated to the nozzles of the working fluid of each drainage ejector, and the discharge cavity of each of drainage ejectors connected to the casting kingston of this foundation float. 2. The multi-unit floating coastal wind farm according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a marine environment recreation system containing centrifugal air blowers, their air ducts with electric drive fittings and bottom air distributors, while the air blowers are placed one at a time in all angular, linear and central displacement pyramids-floats of each of the polygonal and quadrangular figures-pontoons in such a way that in each of the angular and linear displacement foundations-floats air the agitator is installed in the sealed cavity of its horizontal stiffener on the side of the side flange, and in each of the central displacement pyramids-floats, the air blower is installed in its sealed faceted baffle of the upper tier of the pyramid along with the conversion equipment of wind turbines, and the receiving air ducts of all air blowers are not vented to the atmosphere below the wave breakdown level of each displacement pyramid-float, each of their pressure air pipelines is connected by means of a three-way electrically controlled valve with atmosphere and through the bottom of each displacement pyramid-float - with an outboard nozzle located near its bottom and communicated by means of a flexible hose with a bottom air distributor, made in the form of a distribution manifold supported by a flat support on the seabed and connected by radially diverging hollow bends with several perforated concentric air ducts, mounted on stretch marks, and the marine recreation system itself the environment of a floating wind farm is generally formed by a combination of many independent subsystems of recreation, each of which contains the listed air blowers, air ducts and air distributors. 3. The multi-unit floating coastal wind farm according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface area of the quadrangular figure-pontoon is equipped with means for mass entertainment in the form of an excursion platform, which includes a landing and walking terrace, occupying the space around the service premises and limited by the perimeter of the surface above the railing gangways adjacent to the landing and walking terrace, leading respectively to the boat and to the helipad, adjacent to the perimeter of the terrace, auditorium, surface the second bar-cafe with an open veranda adjacent to it, a restaurant and sanitary facilities, and the central displacement pyramid-float of a quadrangular figure-pontoon additionally contains in the lower part a third tier made in the form of a polyhedron with the same number of vertical faces, which and at the two upper tiers of this central pyramid-float, and in which there is an underwater restaurant-oceanarium, connected with a faceted fence by a spiral gangway, and above-water platform - with service and passenger elevators, sha which are adjacent to the lateral surface of the additional hollow support of the given central pyramid-float, and the face walls of the third tier are made transparent.

Images