CN113582768A

CN113582768A - Sugar alcohol chelated potassium fertilizer special for large-leaf vegetables and preparation method and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN113582768A
Application number: CN202111037064.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 颜冬云; 谭慧婷; 李鹏超; 耿存珍; 牛军浩; 魏倩倩; 李腾升; 孙伟; 崔玉照
Original assignee: Qingdao University
Current assignee: Qingdao University
Priority date: 2021-09-06
Filing date: 2021-09-06
Publication date: 2021-11-02

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer production, and relates to a special sugar alcohol chelated potassium fertilizer for large-leaf vegetables, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 14-64.5 parts of deionized water, 10.5-18 parts of sugar alcohol, 25-71 parts of potash fertilizer, 1.5-5 parts of chelating agent and pH regulator; the method is suitable for the planting field of leaf vegetable such as Chinese cabbage, rape, big-leaf lettuce, kohlrabi and cabbage, and solves the problems of large fertilizer input, low fertilizer utilization rate, poor vegetable taste, difficult improvement of economic benefit and the like caused by vegetable yield increase; the preparation method is simple in preparation process and low in cost, improves the potassium form, can effectively improve the utilization efficiency of potassium, increases the vegetable yield per unit area, improves the vegetable quality, reduces the input amount of fertilizers, reduces the labor cost for farmers, effectively improves the secondary salinization phenomenon of farmlands, realizes the green and healthy development of the large-leaf vegetable industry, and has a very wide application prospect.

Description

Sugar alcohol chelated potassium fertilizer special for large-leaf vegetables and preparation method and application thereof

The technical field is as follows:

the invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer production, and relates to a macroelement potassium chelate fertilizer, in particular to a sugar alcohol chelate potassium fertilizer special for large-leaf vegetables, and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background art:

the vegetables are one of the essential foods for daily diet of people, can provide a plurality of vitamins and minerals required by human bodies, and statistically 90 percent of the vitamin C required by the human bodies comes from the vegetables. The potassium is one of three major elements required by plant growth, researches show that the potassium has a good positive effect on most vegetables, the average yield increase rate can reach 10-50%, and the synthesis of vitamin C in the vegetables is effectively promoted. The vegetable planting scale in China is large, and the planting area in 2019 is as large as 20863 kilo hectares. Farmers are used to apply inorganic potassium salts such as potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium nitrate and the like, the average fertilizer utilization rate is only 20-40%, and the utilization rate of leaf vegetable potassium fertilizers is lower than that of fruit vegetables, so that the problem of diminishing returns easily exists in the application of the traditional inorganic potassium salts on vegetables, and simultaneously, the problems of hardening of cultivation soil, secondary salinization and the like exist due to the short growth period, multiple cultivation in one year and high fertilization intensity. Therefore, the development of the novel potash fertilizer promotes the improvement of the utilization efficiency thereof, and has great significance for promoting ecological agriculture construction. In the prior art, researches on the preparation of chelated potassium fertilizer are already carried out, and Chinese patent CN107445692A discloses a plant growth regulator chelated potassium synergistic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4-7 parts of plant growth regulator, 200 parts of potassium chloride or potassium sulfate, 800 parts of basic fertilizer such as humic acid, nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen-phosphorus binary compound fertilizer or nitrogen-phosphorus ternary compound fertilizer and 850 parts of basic fertilizer, wherein the plant growth regulator, the potassium fertilizer and the basic fertilizer are effectively combined to promote the absorption of the crop on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and improve the drought resistance and lodging resistance, but the processes of steam granulation, drying, primary cooling, primary screening, secondary cooling, secondary screening and the like are required, so that the preparation process is complex and the cost is high. Chinese patent CN106518179A discloses a preparation method of a chelated potassium and zinc fertilizer synergist, which improves the fertilizer utilization rate to a certain extent, but needs to be concentrated, crystallized and dried, the vacuum degree is 0.2-0.55Mpa, the preparation conditions are complex, meanwhile, in the chelation process, a chelating agent A, chelated zinc B and chelated potassium C are obtained, and finally, the product is obtained by mixing according to the volume ratio of 1:0.2-0.5, the reaction time of each time is about 6-8 hours, and the preparation process is complicated and time-consuming. Chinese patent CN107188704A discloses a special chelate fertilizer for leaf vegetables, which comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of sorbitol, 5-17 parts of urea, 10-20 parts of potassium nitrate, 3-8 parts of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 45-55 parts of high-purity water and 0.5-1 part of nonionic polyacrylamide, and the fertilizer can be sprayed on leaf surfaces to provide necessary nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements for vegetables, so that the problems of low absorption rate and soil hardening caused by root application of fertilizers, but the used raw materials relate to nitrate potassium fertilizers, the nitrate content in the vegetables can be increased after spraying, and the nitrate can be easily reduced into nitrite in human bodies after eating, and the nitrite is harmful to health. Therefore, the research and development of the special sugar alcohol chelated potassium fertilizer which is simple in preparation process, high in fertilizer utilization rate and suitable for green and healthy growth of the big-leaf vegetables has very important practical significance. The chelating fertilizer is prepared from a chelating agent and mineral nutrient elements required by plants, and metal elements are converted into a chelating form under the action of the chelating agent, so that the chelating fertilizer is favorably absorbed by crops, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved. At present, no research report of the sugar alcohol chelated potassium fertilizer special for the big-leaf vegetables is found.

The invention content is as follows:

in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the sugar alcohol chelated potassium fertilizer special for the large-leaf vegetables, and solves the problems that the traditional chemical fertilizer production process is complex, the early investment is large, the utilization rate is low, the soil salinization is easy to cause and the like caused by the yield increase of the vegetables. The special sugar alcohol chelated potassium fertilizer designed by the invention is sprayed on the growth condition of the big-leaf vegetables, so that the yield per unit area of the big-leaf vegetables can be effectively increased, the quality of the big-leaf vegetables can be improved, the input cost of the fertilizer can be reduced, the secondary salinization phenomenon of farmlands can be effectively improved, and the green and healthy development of the big-leaf vegetable industry can be realized.

In order to realize the purpose, the invention provides a special sugar alcohol chelated potassium fertilizer for large-leaf vegetables, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 14-64.5 parts of deionized water, 10.5-18 parts of sugar alcohol, 25-71 parts of potash fertilizer, 1.5-5 parts of chelating agent and pH regulator. The sugar alcohol is one or more of xylitol, mannitol and sorbitol, the potassium fertilizer is one or more of potassium chloride, potassium formate, potassium acetate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the chelating auxiliary agent is one or more of glycerol, tween, EDTA and salicylic acid, and the pH regulator is one or more of ammonia water, potassium hydroxide, phosphoric acid and citric acid.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the sugar alcohol chelated potassium fertilizer special for the big-leaf vegetables, which comprises the following specific preparation steps:

(1) weighing: weighing 14-64.5 parts of deionized water, 10.5-18 parts of sugar alcohol, 25-71 parts of potash fertilizer and 1.5-5 parts of chelating agent according to parts by weight for later use;

(2) preparing a sugar alcohol mother solution: dissolving weighed 10.5-18 parts of sugar alcohol in 4.5-7.7 parts of deionized water, placing the solution in a reaction kettle, heating the solution in a water bath manner, controlling the temperature of materials in the kettle to be 50-60 ℃, setting the stirring speed to be 120 r/min, and continuously stirring until the solution is a clear and uniform liquid to obtain a sugar alcohol mother solution;

(3) chelating: sequentially adding 25-71 parts of potash fertilizer, 9.5-56.8 parts of deionized water and 1.5-5 parts of chelating auxiliary agent into the sugar alcohol mother liquor prepared in the step (2) to obtain chelating liquid; and then stirring at the stirring speed of 60-200 revolutions per minute, adding a pH regulator after stirring until the solution is clear, controlling the pH of the chelating solution to be 6.5-8.0, controlling the temperature of the materials to be 20-90 ℃, continuously stirring, carrying out chelating reaction for 35-100min, and cooling to obtain the special sugar alcohol chelated potassium fertilizer for the big-leaf vegetables.

The special sugar alcohol chelated potassium fertilizer for the big-leaf vegetables is suitable for planting occasions of Chinese cabbages, rapes, big-leaf lettuce, root mustard and cabbages.

The special sugar alcohol chelated potassium fertilizer for the large-leaf vegetables can be applied as a foliar fertilizer, and is sprayed according to the growth rule of the vegetables, the vegetables can be sprayed for the first time after being planted for about 15 days (for example, four leaves of lettuce are completely unfolded and grown), 0.1-0.5 jin can be used for each mu, the dilution multiple is 70-300 times (the dilution is carried out according to biomass, the control range of potassium concentration is 0.5-5.0 g/L), and the spraying time is in the morning or evening when dry, clear and windless; the spraying amount is gradually increased along with the increase of the biomass of the vegetables, and the spraying is carried out once every other week until the vegetables are completely harvested.

Compared with the prior art, the invention mainly uses chelated potassium, and can effectively meet the potassium requirement in the vegetable growth process; meanwhile, the sugar alcohol is used as a primary product of plant photosynthesis, so that the absorption and migration of mineral elements are promoted, and the mineral nutrient content of vegetables is enhanced; after the fertilizer is applied, the yield of the vegetables can be increased by 10-40%, the content of soluble sugar and vitamin C of the vegetables can be effectively improved, the content of nitrate in leaves can be reduced, and the quality of the vegetables can be improved; the method is suitable for the planting field of leaf vegetable such as Chinese cabbage, rape, big-leaf lettuce, kohlrabi and cabbage, and solves the problems of large fertilizer input, low fertilizer utilization rate, poor vegetable taste, difficult improvement of economic benefit and the like caused by vegetable yield increase; the preparation method is simple in preparation process and low in cost, improves the potassium form, can effectively improve the utilization efficiency of potassium, increases the vegetable yield per unit area, improves the vegetable quality, reduces the input amount of fertilizers, reduces the labor cost for farmers, effectively improves the secondary salinization phenomenon of farmlands, realizes the green and healthy development of the large-leaf vegetable industry, and has a very wide application prospect.

The specific implementation method comprises the following steps:

the invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.

Example 1:

the embodiment relates to a preparation method of a sugar alcohol chelated potassium fertilizer special for large-leaf vegetables, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 14 parts of deionized water, 15 parts of sugar alcohol, 71 parts of potassium fertilizer and 5 parts of chelating aid, wherein the 15 parts of sugar alcohol comprise 3 parts of xylitol and 12 parts of sorbitol, the 71 parts of potassium fertilizer comprise 40 parts of potassium formate and 31 parts of potassium acetate, and the 5 parts of chelating aid comprise 2 parts of glycerol and 3 parts of EDTA; the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:

(1) weighing: firstly, 14 parts of deionized water, 15 parts of sugar alcohol, 71 parts of potash fertilizer and 5 parts of chelating agent are respectively weighed according to parts by weight for later use.

(2) Preparing a sugar alcohol mother solution: and secondly, dissolving 15 parts of weighed sugar alcohol in 6 parts of deionized water, placing the solution in a reaction kettle, continuously stirring, heating the solution until the temperature of materials in the kettle is controlled to be 50-60 ℃, and the rotating speed is 120 r/min, and stopping stirring until the solution is in a clear state to obtain sugar alcohol mother solution.

(3) Chelating: adding 71 parts of potash fertilizer into the prepared sugar alcohol mother liquor, adding the rest 8 parts of deionized water and 5 parts of chelating auxiliary agent, heating and stirring at the temperature of 90 ℃ and the stirring speed of 120 r/min, adding a pH regulator (citric acid and potassium hydroxide) to control the pH value of the mixed liquor to be about 6.5, carrying out chelating reaction for 55min, and thus obtaining the special sugar alcohol chelating potash fertilizer.

The sugar alcohol chelated potassium fertilizer special for the big-leaf vegetables prepared in the embodiment is subjected to an application effect test, Chinese cabbages are taken as experimental objects, different fertilization types with the same planting area are taken as a control group, and the sugar alcohol chelated potassium fertilizer is sprayed on leaf surfaces; according to the growth rule and the fertilizer requirement characteristic of the Chinese cabbage, the Chinese cabbage starts to be sprayed with fertilizer when entering a growth period (four leaves are completely unfolded to grow), and is sprayed once every other week for 3 times continuously; the application amount per mu of the special sugar alcohol chelated potassium fertilizer reaches 0.1 jin, the fertilizer is diluted by water by 300 times, the spraying time is in the dry, sunny and windless morning, the Chinese cabbage starts to be sprayed in the vigorous growth period after being planted for two weeks, the spraying is performed for 3 times totally, and the test results are shown in table 1.

Table 1 shows the comparison of the mass, the leaf area and the vitamin C content of each of the cabbages after the conventional potassium fertilizer, the non-chelated potassium fertilizer and the sugar alcohol-chelated potassium fertilizer prepared in example 1 (the total potassium application amount of the three potassium fertilizers is the same), and as a result, it was found that the mass of each of the cabbages after the sugar alcohol-chelated potassium fertilizer prepared in example 1 was increased by 86.98% and 206% compared with the mass of each of the cabbages after the conventional potassium fertilizer and the non-chelated potassium fertilizer were applied, and the leaf area and the vitamin C content were also the highest. The special sugar alcohol chelated potassium fertilizer can effectively improve the yield of the Chinese cabbage and the content of vitamin C in leaves, and has obvious difference compared with the conventional potassium fertilizer and the non-chelated potassium fertilizer.

TABLE 1

Example 2:

the invention relates to a sugar alcohol chelated potassium fertilizer special for large-leaf vegetables, which comprises 27 parts by weight of deionized water, 18 parts by weight of sugar alcohol, 55 parts by weight of potassium fertilizer and 2.5 parts by weight of chelating agent. Wherein, the 18 parts of sugar alcohol comprise 8 parts of mannitol and 10 parts of sorbitol, the 55 parts of potash fertilizer comprise 2 parts of potassium chloride and 53 parts of potassium formate, and the 2.5 parts of chelating agent comprise 0.5 part of glycerol, 1 part of tween and 1 part of salicylic acid.

The specific preparation steps are the same as those of the example 1, the pH regulator (ammonia water and phosphoric acid) is used for controlling the pH value to be about 7.5, the mixture is heated in water bath, the chelation temperature is controlled to be 40 ℃, the stirring speed is 200 r/min, and the chelation reaction time is 35min, so that the special sugar alcohol chelated potassium fertilizer is prepared.

The embodiment is an application effect test of the sugar alcohol chelated potassium fertilizer special for the big-leaf vegetables prepared in the embodiment 2, wherein the big-leaf lettuce is taken as a research object, different fertilization types with the same planting area are taken as a control group, and the sugar alcohol chelated potassium fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surfaces; according to the growth rule and the fertilizer requirement characteristic, the lettuce cotyledons are sprayed with fertilizer after being unfolded, and the fertilizer is continuously sprayed for 5 times once every week; the application amount per mu of the special sugar alcohol chelated potassium fertilizer reaches 0.15 jin, the special sugar alcohol chelated potassium fertilizer is diluted by 250 times with water, the spraying time is in the dry, sunny and windless morning, and the experimental results are shown in table 2.

Table 2 shows the comparison of the overground fresh weight of the lettuce leaves, the content of nitrate in the leaves and the content of soluble sugar after the conventional potassium and non-chelated potassium fertilizers and the special sugar alcohol chelated potassium fertilizer of the invention (the total potassium application amount of the three potassium fertilizers is the same) are applied, and the result shows that the nitrate content in the lettuce leaves with the product of the invention is the lowest, the reduction amplitude reaches 15.14 percent and 9.73 percent compared with the conventional potassium and non-chelated potassium, the content of the soluble sugar is respectively improved by 56.4 percent and 43.53 percent, the quality of the lettuce is obviously improved, the nitrate content is effectively reduced, the quality safety of vegetables is fully ensured, and the lettuce is beneficial to human health.

TABLE 2

Example 3:

the raw material amount and the specific preparation steps of the sugar alcohol chelated potassium fertilizer special for the big-leaf vegetables related in the embodiment are completely the same as those in the embodiment 2, and the comparison situation of the growth of the big-leaf lettuce under the condition that the special sugar alcohol chelated potassium fertilizer with the spraying concentration of 0.48g/L, 0.96g/L, 1.92g/L and 3.84g/L is respectively researched.

Table 3 shows the comparison of the overground fresh weight, the nitrate content and the soluble sugar content of the special chelated potassium fertilizer for the big-leaf lettuce under different spraying concentrations, and the results show that the spraying concentration is in direct proportion to the overground fresh weight and the soluble sugar content of the big-leaf lettuce within a certain range, the highest level is achieved when the spraying concentration is 0.96g/L, the overground fresh weight is 196g, the soluble sugar content is 1.33%, and the index content is reduced when the spraying concentration is 1.92 g/L. Meanwhile, when the spraying concentration is 0.96g/L, the content level of the nitrate in the leaves is reduced by 14.33-27.44% compared with other spraying treatments. Therefore, the optimum spraying concentration of the lettuce leaves in the embodiment is 0.96g/L, and the effect is the best.

TABLE 3

Example 4:

this example differs from example 1 in that: the sugar alcohol chelated potassium fertilizer special for the large-leaf vegetables comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 51 parts of deionized water, 13 parts of sugar alcohol, 36 parts of potassium fertilizer and 1.8 parts of chelating aid, wherein the 13 parts of sugar alcohol comprise 3 parts of xylitol, 3 parts of mannitol and 7 parts of sorbitol, the 36 parts of potassium fertilizer comprise 18 parts of potassium formate and 18 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, and the 1.8 parts of chelating aid comprise 0.6 part of tween and 1.2 parts of EDTA.

The chelating conditions were: controlling the pH value of the special sugar alcohol chelated potassium fertilizer to be about 8.0 by using a pH regulator (ammonia water and citric acid), controlling the chelating temperature to be 75 ℃, controlling the stirring speed to be 80 r/min, and reacting for 85min to obtain the special sugar alcohol chelated potassium fertilizer.

In the embodiment, rape is taken as a research object, different fertilization types with the same planting area are taken as a control group, and foliar spraying is adopted; according to the growth rule and the fertilizer requirement characteristic, the rape starts to be sprayed with fertilizer when the rape enters the growth period (the four leaves completely spread and grow), the rape is sprayed once every other week and is continuously sprayed for 3 times, the mu application amount of the special sugar alcohol chelated potassium reaches 0.3 jin, the special sugar alcohol chelated potassium is diluted by 120 times with water when the special sugar alcohol chelated potassium is used, and the spraying time is in the dry, sunny and windless evening. After the fertilizer is applied, the chlorophyll content can be effectively improved, the vitamin C content of the leaves can be effectively improved by 15-28%, the nitrate content is reduced by 12.8-15.3%, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is effectively improved, and the effects of increasing the yield and improving the quality of the rape are further achieved.

Example 5:

the difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that the raw materials of the sugar alcohol chelated potassium fertilizer special for the big-leaf vegetables comprise 64.5 parts of deionized water, 10.5 parts of sugar alcohol, 25 parts of potassium fertilizer and 1.5 parts of chelating aid, wherein the 10.5 parts of sugar alcohol comprise 5 parts of mannitol and 5.5 parts of sorbitol, the 25 parts of potassium fertilizer comprise 20 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the 1.5 parts of chelating aid comprise 0.5 part of tween and 1 part of glycerol; the specific preparation steps are different from those of the example 1: the chelation reaction is carried out at room temperature of 20 ℃ without heating, the stirring speed is 60 r/min, and the chelation reaction time is 100 min.

In the embodiment, the cabbage is taken as a research object, different fertilization types with the same planting area are taken as a control group, and the cabbage is sprayed on the leaf surfaces; according to the growth rule and the fertilizer requirement characteristic, the cabbage starts to be sprayed with fertilizer in the growth period (the cotyledon grows) and is sprayed once every 5 days for 5 times continuously, the mu application amount of the patented sugar alcohol chelated potassium reaches 0.5 jin, the patented sugar alcohol chelated potassium is diluted by 70 times with water when the application is used, and the application is carried out after 10 days, wherein the spraying time is dry, clear and windless evening. After the fertilizer is applied, the vitamin C content of leaves can be effectively improved by 30%, meanwhile, the nitrate content is reduced by 15% -20%, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is effectively improved, and further, the quality of the cabbage is improved.

In conclusion, the fertilizer efficiency tests of Chinese cabbage, Chinese lettuce leaves, rape and the like show that the special sugar alcohol chelated potassium fertilizer for the big-leaf vegetables can effectively improve the unit yield of the vegetables and the content of vitamin C and soluble sugar, and reduce the content of nitrate radical in leaves, thereby achieving the effects of increasing yield and improving the quality of the vegetables. Meanwhile, the fertilizer application amount is less and is about one percent of the fertilizer application amount of the soil, and the fertilizer is directly sprayed on the vegetable leaves as a foliar fertilizer, so that the defects of soil hardening, secondary salinization and the like caused by the traditional inorganic sylvine root application are avoided, the soil structure is effectively improved, and the green and healthy development of the vegetable industry is facilitated.

Claims

1. The special sugar alcohol chelated potassium fertilizer for the big-leaf vegetables is characterized in that: the raw materials are composed of the following components in parts by weight: 14-64.5 parts of deionized water, 10.5-18 parts of sugar alcohol, 25-71 parts of potash fertilizer, 1.5-5 parts of chelating agent and pH regulator.

2. The sugar alcohol chelated potassium fertilizer special for big-leaf vegetables as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the sugar alcohol is one or more of xylitol, mannitol and sorbitol, the potassium fertilizer is one or more of potassium chloride, potassium formate, potassium acetate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the chelating auxiliary agent is one or more of glycerol, tween, EDTA and salicylic acid, and the pH regulator is one or more of ammonia water, potassium hydroxide, phosphoric acid and citric acid.

3. The sugar alcohol chelated potassium fertilizer special for big-leaf vegetables as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the specific preparation steps of the sugar alcohol chelated potassium fertilizer special for the big-leaf vegetables are as follows:

4. The sugar alcohol chelated potassium fertilizer special for big-leaf vegetables as claimed in claim 1, wherein: is suitable for planting occasions of Chinese cabbage, rape, big leaf lettuce, root mustard and cabbage.