CN113578929B - Scrap nuclear instrument and destroy recovery equipment - Google Patents
Scrap nuclear instrument and destroy recovery equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN113578929B CN113578929B CN202110892565.5A CN202110892565A CN113578929B CN 113578929 B CN113578929 B CN 113578929B CN 202110892565 A CN202110892565 A CN 202110892565A CN 113578929 B CN113578929 B CN 113578929B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
- A41D13/05—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches protecting only a particular body part
- A41D13/08—Arm or hand
- A41D13/081—Hand protectors
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
- A41D13/05—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches protecting only a particular body part
- A41D13/11—Protective face masks, e.g. for surgical use, or for use in foul atmospheres
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D19/00—Gloves
- A41D19/015—Protective gloves
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B27/00—Hand tools, specially adapted for fitting together or separating parts or objects whether or not involving some deformation, not otherwise provided for
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B28/00—Portable power-driven joining or separation tools
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B33/00—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors
- B60B33/0002—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors assembling to the object, e.g. furniture
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D25/00—Details of other kinds or types of rigid or semi-rigid containers
- B65D25/20—External fittings
- B65D25/24—External fittings for spacing bases of containers from supporting surfaces, e.g. legs
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06M—COUNTING MECHANISMS; COUNTING OF OBJECTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06M7/00—Counting of objects carried by a conveyor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B3/00—Audible signalling systems; Audible personal calling systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B5/00—Visible signalling systems, e.g. personal calling systems, remote indication of seats occupied
- G08B5/22—Visible signalling systems, e.g. personal calling systems, remote indication of seats occupied using electric transmission; using electromagnetic transmission
- G08B5/36—Visible signalling systems, e.g. personal calling systems, remote indication of seats occupied using electric transmission; using electromagnetic transmission using visible light sources
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F3/00—Shielding characterised by its physical form, e.g. granules, or shape of the material
- G21F3/02—Clothing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers
- G21F5/005—Containers for solid radioactive wastes, e.g. for ultimate disposal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/008—Apparatus specially adapted for mixing or disposing radioactively contamined material
Abstract
The invention discloses a scrapped nuclear instrument destroying and recycling device which comprises a personnel protection assembly, a disassembling tool assembly, a radioactive source transferring assembly and a dose monitoring assembly, so that the scrapped nuclear instrument can be disassembled quickly and the radioactive source can be stored and transferred safely; the personnel protection component comprises a protective garment, a protective glove and a protective mask; the disassembling tool assembly comprises an electric tool set, a radioactive source manual clamp and a waste adsorption and storage device; the waste adsorption and storage device adopts a large-suction air adsorption device and is additionally provided with a filter membrane; the radioactive source transfer assembly comprises a transfer box, a conveying device and a counting device; the dose monitoring component comprises a personal dose monitor and an audible and visual alarm, a single chip microcomputer is arranged in the personal dose monitor and used for monitoring X rays and gamma rays, the dose rate and the accumulated dose are displayed simultaneously, the personal dose monitor can be set to alarm values of various thresholds at will within the measuring range, and audible and visual alarm is generated through the audible and visual alarm to remind workers of safety timely.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear instrument recovery devices, and particularly relates to a scrapped nuclear instrument destroying and recovering device.
Background
At present, a large number of scrapped nuclear instruments are destroyed each year, the scrapped nuclear instruments to be destroyed are old nuclear instruments produced several decades ago, and most of the instruments are provided with radioactive sources for examination or training of different types and intensities, and are large in quantity and variety. The disposal of the discarded nuclear instruments and radioactive source related instruments can be generally divided into large nuclear related instruments and nuclear related small instruments. The destruction disposal of large nuclear instruments is generally carried out by management departments and units with strong protection and disposal capabilities, wherein the management departments and the units have professional disposal places and matched monitoring equipment. The treatment process needs to consider the national standards of places and personnel radiation protection. The scrapping and destroying of small instruments and portable equipment involved in nuclear power is generally handed over to a regional management department by a user, and after internally placed radiation sources are disassembled (refer to a technical destruction series), the radiation sources are classified and packaged according to the types of the radiation sources, and are collected and stored or buried according to the types and the intensity of the radiation.
In recent years, the annual destruction quantity of the scrapped nuclear instruments is large, and radioactive sources in the scrapped nuclear instruments need to be dismantled and processed in the destruction work. Meanwhile, with the continuous and wide application of nuclear technology in recent years, the number of nuclear instruments used in industries such as local units, scientific research, education, medical treatment, energy and the like is also increased rapidly, and the number of generated scrapped nuclear instruments is also huge. In this process, there are the following problems: firstly, the destroying personnel generally use common dismantling tools, the dismantling speed is slow, the efficiency is low, and the time for the personnel to contact with the radioactive source is long; secondly, due to the lack of a special temporary radioactive source recovery and transfer device, the radioactive source is easily exposed on the exposed surface of the open space for too long time; thirdly, the radioactive source is directly contacted or contacted in a short distance in the operation of personnel; fourthly, the common protective clothing equipment has much inconvenience in the disassembly work of instruments, and easily exposes the key parts of human body in special postures, thus easily causing the phenomenon of insufficient protection.
In order to solve the existing problems, a special tool box set with efficient disassembly, complete protection and dose monitoring and alarming functions is necessary to be designed for the destroying processing work of small instruments and portable equipment involved in the nuclear power plant, so that the protection level and the operation efficiency in the destroying work of the nuclear instrument are improved, and the destroying work is safely and efficiently completed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a scrapped nuclear instrument destroying and recycling device, aiming at the problems that the prior scrapped nuclear instrument scrapping treatment is slow in disassembling speed, low in efficiency, short in distance and long in time for personnel to contact with a radioactive source, inconvenient to move when wearing a common protective clothing in operation, easy to expose in a special posture and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a scrapped nuclear instrument destroying and recycling device comprises a personnel protection assembly, a disassembling tool assembly, a radioactive source transferring assembly and a dose monitoring assembly, so that the scrapped nuclear instrument can be disassembled quickly and the radioactive source can be stored and transferred safely; the personnel protection component comprises a protective suit, a protective glove and a protective mask which accord with the human engineering principle; the disassembling tool assembly comprises an electric tool set, a radioactive source manual clamp and a waste adsorption and storage device; the waste adsorption and storage device adopts a large-suction air adsorption device and is additionally provided with a filter membrane; the radioactive source transfer assembly comprises a transfer box with a protection and shielding function and convenient for temporarily storing and transferring radioactive sources, a conveying device and a counting device; the dose monitoring assembly comprises a personal dose monitor and an audible and visual alarm, a single chip microcomputer is arranged in the personal dose monitor and used for monitoring X rays and gamma rays, dose rate and accumulated dose are displayed simultaneously, the personal dose monitor can be set to various threshold alarm values randomly within a measurement range, and audible and visual alarm is generated through the audible and visual alarm to remind workers of safety timely.
Further, the protective clothing is divided into four types of long-sleeve one-piece lead protective clothing, split type light and thin protective clothing, a lead vest and lead briefs and split type short-sleeve/long-sleeve skirt according to the radiation level of a disassembled object.
Furthermore, the protective gloves are divided into finger-separating protective lead gloves and ultrathin interventional lead gloves according to the intensity of the operated radioactive source.
Furthermore, the protective mask comprises a full-protection type protective mask and a cap type mask, the lead equivalent is greater than 0.1mmPb, and the protection angle is larger than or equal to 270 degrees.
Furthermore, the electric tool set comprises a handheld brushless electric screwdriver, screw drivers of different models and a movable cable reel, wherein the handheld brushless electric screwdriver has a multistage bidirectional adjustable rotating speed; the butting calibers of all the screw drivers and the handheld brushless electric screwdriver are consistent; the mobile cable reel is matched with the handheld brushless electric screwdriver power supply to meet the power supply requirement of outdoor operation.
Further, the manual anchor clamps of radiation source include the anchor clamps main part and with the work binding clip of a plurality of different grade types of anchor clamps main part adaptation, the work binding clip includes eight cun wire cutters, repaiies a pincers, electron pincers, duckbilled pincers respectively one, is used for disassembling inside cable of instrument, pipeline, connection metal box plastic part respectively, wherein duckbilled pincers are used for the inside difficult clamp that reaches the position radiation source of instrument to get and shift.
Furthermore, the transfer box comprises a box body and a base which are distributed from top to bottom, and the box body is positioned above the base; the top and the bottom of the box body are provided with openings and are respectively provided with a pull-out baffle; operating handles are arranged on the side wall of the box body and one end of the baffle plate close to the drawing opening; the universal wheel of area locking function is equipped with to the base bottom, conveniently removes and fixes.
Further, the conveying device comprises a double-track conveying belt and a driving motor capable of running in two directions, and the driving motor rotates forwards and backwards to drive the double-track conveying belt to run in two directions; every single track conveyer belt's side is equipped with support sleeve limit respectively in the double track conveyer belt, support sleeve limit adopts segmentation detachable structure, every section support sleeve limit lower part all is equipped with a braced frame, every braced frame sub-unit connection has the landing leg with adjustable of the wheel that rolls, screw rod on through every landing leg moves the adjustment that realizes conveyer rising and reduction with twisting from top to bottom of the nut on the braced frame, all landing legs are clockwise screwed up the take the altitude simultaneously, can realize conveyer's reduction, all landing legs are anticlockwise screwed up the take the altitude simultaneously, can realize conveyer's rising.
Furthermore, two rolling wheels are arranged below each supporting leg.
Furthermore, counting assembly includes infrared trigger counter and photoelectric switch, and every conveyer belt is equipped with an infrared trigger counter respectively, and every infrared trigger counter is connected with a photoelectric switch respectively, counts.
Furthermore, the built-in memory of the personal dose monitor is large in size, and can store data for about one week.
Has the advantages that: the invention has the advantages that the disassembly tool assembly with various types of interfaces can efficiently disassemble the machine target sources of the existing scrapped nuclear instruments, the radioactive source transfer assembly can realize automatic transmission and counting, the working efficiency is effectively improved, the contact of radioactive sources is effectively reduced, the personnel protection assembly can effectively improve the human body protection area in the working process, and the safe and efficient disassembly target of the scrapped nuclear instruments is realized by combining the equipped dose supervision assembly. The whole set of device is simple and practical, safe and efficient, has extremely strong practicality, has high popularization value and obvious economic benefit, can be widely applied to the destruction work of scrapping nuclear instruments and devices, and improves the destruction work safety and the operation efficiency. The invention is also suitable for the scrapping disposal of the local nuclear instrument. Starting from the characteristics of military and terrestrial dual-purpose, the overall potential demand of the application is huge. In addition, on the premise of not reducing performance indexes, components and parts with high cost performance are adopted, and domestic mature products are adopted as main functional components, so that the overall cost is low, and the price advantage is higher compared with that of the conventional similar device. Meanwhile, the main components adopt home-made components so that the subsequent maintenance cost is greatly reduced. The design of the device meets the requirements of standardization, generalization, serialization and combination; the product design and the technical file are complete, uniform and accurate, the components have stable supply sources, the requirements of related standards of mass production are met, and the mass production can be guided. After being widely popularized, the method can produce greater economic benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of two different forms of protective apparel in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the power tool set of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a manual clamp for radioactive sources according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the waste adsorbing and receiving apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a transfer box of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a top view of the conveyor and counter of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a side view of the conveyor and counting device of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the dose monitoring assembly of the present invention.
In the figure, 1-personnel protection component, 2-dismantling tool component, 3-radioactive source transfer component and 4-dosage supervision component; 11-protective clothing, 12-protective gloves and 13-protective face mask;
21-electric tool group, 22-radioactive source manual clamp and 23-waste adsorption and storage device;
31-transfer boxes, 32-conveying devices, 33-counting devices;
41-personal dose monitor, 42-audible and visual alarm;
211-hand-held brushless electric screwdriver, 212-screwdriver, 213-mobile cable reel;
221-clamp body, 222-working tong head;
311-box, 312-base, 313-opening, 314-baffle, 315-handle, 316-universal wheel;
321-double-track conveyor belt, 322-driving motor, 323-support frame edge, 324-supporting frame, 325-supporting leg and 326-rolling wheel;
331-infrared trigger counter, 332-photoelectric switch.
Detailed Description
The invention is illustrated below with reference to specific examples. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way.
A scrapped nuclear instrument destroying and recycling device is shown in figures 1 to 9 and comprises a personnel protection assembly 1, a disassembling tool assembly 2, a radioactive source transferring assembly 3 and a dosage monitoring assembly 4, so that the scrapped nuclear instrument can be disassembled quickly and the radioactive source can be stored and transferred safely; the personnel protection component 1 comprises a protective suit 11, a protective glove 12 and a protective mask 13 which accord with the principle of human engineering; the disassembling tool assembly 2 comprises a power tool set 21, a radioactive source manual clamp 22 and a waste adsorption and storage device 23; the waste adsorption and storage device 23 adopts a large-suction air adsorption device and is additionally provided with a filter membrane; the radioactive source transfer assembly 3 comprises a transfer box 31 with a protection and shielding function and convenient for temporarily storing and transferring radioactive sources, a conveying device 32 and a counting device 33; the dose monitoring component 4 comprises a personal dose monitor 41 and an audible and visual alarm 42, a single chip microcomputer is arranged in the personal dose monitor 41 and used for monitoring X rays and gamma rays, the personal dose monitor 41 can be set with various threshold alarm values within a measurement range at will, and audible and visual alarm is generated through the audible and visual alarm 42 to remind workers of safety in time.
As shown in fig. 2, the protective suit 11 is divided into a long-sleeve one-piece lead protective suit, a split light and thin protective suit, a lead vest + lead briefs, and a split short-sleeve/long-sleeve skirt according to the radiation level of the disassembled object. In particular, the method comprises the following steps of,
(1) the long-sleeve one-piece lead protective clothing 11a has lead equivalent which refers to lead equivalent of a front body, and the front surface is generally 0.35mmPb-0.5 mmPb; according to international standards, the sleeves and the back are unified to be 0.25 mmPb;
(2) the split type light and thin protective suit 11b is made of novel nano synthetic materials, the upper half body is designed by a conjoined belt head sleeve, and the lower half body is designed by double-ankle closed trousers;
(3) the lead vest and the lead briefs 11c only protect important parts, the front parts of the vest are partially overlapped to enhance protection, each part provides 0.5 mmPb/lead equivalent, and the effects are achieved without depending on the overlapped parts;
(4) the split short-sleeve/long-sleeve skirt 11d is provided with auxiliary cross shoulder straps to prevent falling off.
As shown in FIG. 1, the protective gloves 12 are classified into finger protective lead gloves and ultra-thin interventional lead gloves according to the intensity of the radioactive source being operated. In particular, the method comprises the following steps of,
firstly, divide and indicate protection lead gloves, adopt the preparation of multilayer lead rubber, be applicable to stronger radioactivity operation protection, wear the convenience, wash easily, soft comfortable, the lead equivalent: 0.35 mmPb; the other is an ultrathin interventional lead glove which is made of novel nano synthetic materials and is suitable for operation protection with lower ray intensity, the thickness of the glove is 0.007 inches, and the lead equivalent is as follows: not less than 0.10 mmPb.
As shown in FIG. 1, the protective mask 13 is divided into a full protective type protective mask and a cap type protective mask, the lead equivalent is more than 0.1mmPb, and the protective angle is more than or equal to 270 degrees.
The personal protection assembly 1 further comprises a hat, a collar, a triangular towel and two square towels, and the equivalent weight of all protection accessories is 0.5 mmpb.
As shown in fig. 3, the electric tool set 21 includes a hand-held brushless electric screwdriver 211, different models of screw drivers 212 and a mobile cable reel 213, the hand-held brushless electric screwdriver 211 has multi-stage bidirectional adjustable rotating speed; the butt-joint calibers of all the screw drivers 212 and the hand-held brushless electric screwdriver 211 are consistent; the mobile cable reel 213 is adapted to the power supply of the handheld brushless electric screwdriver 211 to meet the power supply requirement of outdoor operation. In particular, the method comprises the following steps of,
the hand-held brushless electric screwdriver 211 selects a hand-held brushless electric screwdriver that conforms to GBT22679-2008, torque range: 0.1-0.6Nm, no-load rotation speed not less than 750, applicable screw range M1.2-M2.5, matched power supply: 800EP, net weight 0.37kg, operating voltage DC 24V. The number of the screw drivers 212 in different models is 30, and the operation can be carried out according to the caliber and the category of the screw to be disassembled; can adapt to the disassembly work of all instruments to be scrapped involving the nuclear at present. The cable and winch panel of the mobile cable drum 213 are designed with a current 1A, length 30 m.
As shown in fig. 4, the manual radiation source clamp 22 includes a clamp main body 221 and a plurality of working bits 222 of different types adapted to the clamp main body 221, wherein the working bits 222 include eight-inch wire cutters, trimming cutters, electronic cutters, and duckbilled cutters, each of which is used for disassembling cables, pipelines, connecting metal box plastic parts, etc. inside the instrument, and the duckbilled cutters are used for clamping and transferring the radiation source at a position which is not easily reached inside the instrument.
The disassembling tool component 2 also comprises a screwdriver combination bag which is suitable for the range of screws M1.2-M2.5.
As shown in fig. 6, the transfer box 31 includes a box 311 and a base 312, which are distributed from top to bottom, and the box 311 is located above the base 312; the top and bottom of the box 311 are openings 313, and are respectively provided with a pull-out baffle 314. The side wall of the box 311 and one end of the baffle 314 close to the drawing opening are both provided with an operating handle 315. The bottom of base 312 is equipped with universal wheel 316 of taking locking function, conveniently removes and fixes, and base 312 length width height dimension designs according to active service standard transport box specification simultaneously. In particular, the method comprises the following steps of,
the box body 311 is of a cuboid structure, the inner surface and the outer surface of the box body are made of stainless steel materials, the interior of the box body is filled with lead materials, and the equivalent weight of the thinnest part is more than 0.35 mmPb.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the conveying device 32 includes a double-track conveying belt 321 and a driving motor 322 capable of bidirectional operation, and the forward and reverse rotation of the driving motor 322 drives the double-track conveying belt 321 to realize bidirectional operation; the side edge of each single-rail conveyor belt in the double-rail conveyor belt 321 is provided with a support sleeve edge 323, the support sleeve edges 323 adopt a segmented detachable structure, the lower part of each segment of the support sleeve edge 323 is provided with a support frame 324, the lower part of each support frame 324 is connected with an adjustable support leg 325 of a rolling wheel, the adjustment of the lifting and the lowering of the conveyor 32 is realized by screwing up and down a screw on each support leg 325 and a nut on the support frame 324, all the support legs are simultaneously screwed clockwise to a certain height, the lowering of the conveyor 32 can be realized, all the support legs are simultaneously screwed anticlockwise to a certain height, and the lifting of the conveyor 32 can be realized; in addition, two rolling wheels 326 are provided under each leg 325.
The conveyor 32 conveys articles having a weight of <500g and a volume of <100mm x 100mm, which can meet the requirements of existing disassembled scrapped radioactive sources. The double-track conveying belt 321 is a linear conveying belt and is made of colloid materials, the width is 120mm, the length is 300mm, and the height of the support is 400mm-600mm and can be adjusted to pass through. The rated power of the driving motor 322 is 30W, the power is supplied by a 220V AC power supply, the transmission speed is 0.5m/s-2m/s, the five gears are adjustable, and the bidirectional running can be realized.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the counting device 33 includes an infrared trigger counter 331 and a photoelectric switch 332, each conveyor belt 321 is provided with the infrared trigger counter 331, and each infrared trigger counter 331 is connected to the photoelectric switch 332. In particular, the method comprises the following steps of,
the infrared trigger counter 331 has the following functions: the functions of counting, timing, rotating speed and linear speed can be selected by switching; secondly, counting in a single way and outputting an alarm in a single way; setting instrument parameters by touching a key; fourthly, the protection functions of manual automatic reset, power failure keeping count value and parameter locking are realized; time delay output time can be freely set; sixthly, supplying DC12V power externally; and setting the scale factor and displaying decimal.
As shown in fig. 9, the personal dose monitor 41 has a large internal memory and can store data for about one week. The personal dose monitor 41 is an intelligent pocket instrument, and has the following characteristics:
the data storage capacity is large, and the data storage capacity is 1500 hours; the threshold alarm is continuously adjustable, and has the threshold alarm functions of accumulated dose, dose rate, blockage, overtime and the like; various data are automatically recorded, and the data are not lost when the power is cut off or the battery is replaced; parameters such as the display, the accumulated dose, the dose rate, the working time, the occurrence time and the size of the maximum dose rate, the accumulated dose threshold value, the dose rate threshold value and the like can be displayed; the sensitivity is high, and the response to the environmental background is realized; the volume is small, and the operation is simple; the anti-electromagnetic interference capability is strong. Technical indices of the dose supervision block 4:
measuring range: cumulative dose equivalent: hp (10) 0.0. mu. Sv-9999mSv, dose equivalent rate: hp (10) 0.1 mu Sv/h-500 mSv/h; ② inherent error: less than 10% (around 2 mSv/h); dose equivalent rate response: less than or equal to plus or minus 20 percent (within the measuring range); energy response: 50 KeV-60 Co of less than or equal to plus or minus 30 percent; measuring time: automatic switching is carried out for 300-1 second; sixthly, internal storage: the 64K memory can store data for about one week; the alarming function is as follows: when the dosage is larger than the set accumulated dosage or the dosage rate threshold, the audible and visual alarm is carried out, the sign display is carried out, the ultrahigh dosage alarm is carried out, when the counting tube is positioned in the ultrahigh dosage environment, the continuous alarm is not stopped, the sign display is carried out, and the alarm sound intensity is about 80dB at the position of 30 cm; and [ b ] undervoltage indication: the battery voltage is less than 1.3 +/-0.05V, and the instrument displays the battery under-voltage symbol; ninthly, power consumption of the power supply: the AAA type 1.5V alkaline battery is continuously used for 720 hours under the environment of one battery (No. 5 battery); environment adaptability to the r: temperature characteristics: the temperature is less than or equal to +/-10 ℃ to 50 ℃, and the humidity characteristic is as follows: less than or equal to +/-10 percent and 0-95 percent of RH (+ 35 ℃).
On the premise of meeting the disposal task of destroying the scrapped nuclear instrument and ensuring the protection safety, the technical and tactical indexes of the following design are achieved:
(1) the radioactive source rapid disassembly and safe storage device has the functions of scrapping nuclear instruments, rapidly disassembling radioactive sources and safely storing;
(2) the device has the safe adsorption and storage functions of radioactive residues;
(3) the safety protection device has the characteristics of comprehensive personnel safety protection and convenient operation and action;
(4) has the functions of monitoring the dosage of the personnel and alarming.
The device aims at the problems that the disassembly speed is low, the efficiency is low, a special temporary recovery and transfer device is lacked, the distance of personnel contacting with a radioactive source is short, the time is long, and the device is inconvenient to move and easy to expose in a special posture when a common protective clothing is worn in the operation. The complete set of tool boxes aims at destroying, disassembling, transferring, protecting and the like of radioactive source-containing instruments. The system comprises modules for radioactive source disassembly, temporary storage and transportation, personnel protection, dosage supervision and the like. The assembled radioactive sources with various interfaces can be disassembled by electric and manual tools, and the machine target source of the current scrapped nuclear instruments can be efficiently disassembled. The radioactive source transfer device can realize automatic transmission and counting, effectively improves the operating efficiency and reduces the contact of radioactive sources. The personal protection assembly can effectively improve the human body protection area in the operation process, and the design target of safe and efficient disposal of the scrapped nuclear instrument is realized by combining the equipped personal dosimeter, and the personal protection assembly mainly has the following innovations:
(1) the protective clothing conforming to the principle of human engineering is designed, so that the protective clothing is convenient to walk, carry, sit and stand, move hands and the like after being worn, and can protect the key parts of people in various postures. The portable and flexible protective gloves and protective glasses are arranged, so that the safety protection of personnel in various postures is realized;
(2) an electric and manual disassembling tool integrated with various types of interfaces is designed, and comprises a long and short handle disassembling tool special for equipment shells, a radioactive source safety clamp, an operation residue (fragments, dust and suspected pollutants) adsorption and storage device and the like;
(3) the transfer box with the protection and shielding functions and convenient for temporarily storing and transferring the radioactive sources is designed, has the automatic closing and protection functions, is convenient for temporarily storing the radioactive sources when the radioactive sources are disassembled in batches, and reduces unnecessary dose irradiation caused by long-time opening or repeated opening and closing of a traditional lead box;
(4) an electric transmission and infrared trigger counting device is designed, a linear conveyor belt is adopted, multi-gear variable speed adjustment can be realized, bidirectional operation can be realized, and the requirements of quickly disassembling a scrapped nuclear instrument and accurately recording the number of scrapped sources can be met;
(5) the personal dose monitoring and alarming device which has high sensitivity, accurate reading, portability and observation convenience and has the functions of dose rate and accumulated dose acousto-optic alarm is designed and manufactured, and the monitoring and recording of single operation and regular accumulated dose are realized;
(6) this toolbox group can reduce the operation by a wide margin and prepare work load, is showing and improves operating efficiency and factor of safety, standardizes the operation procedure, and the totality realizes scrapping nuclear instrument and disassembles fast and the safe storage and the transportation of radiation source.
Claims (2)
1. A scrapped nuclear instrument destroying and recycling device is characterized by comprising a personnel protection assembly, a disassembling tool assembly, a radioactive source transferring assembly and a dose monitoring assembly, so that the scrapped nuclear instrument can be disassembled quickly and the radioactive source can be stored and transferred safely; the personnel protection component comprises a protective suit, a protective glove and a protective mask which accord with the human engineering principle;
the protective clothing is divided into four types of long-sleeve one-piece lead protective clothing, split type light and thin protective clothing, lead waistcoat and lead briefs and split short-sleeve/long-sleeve skirt according to the radiation level of a disassembled object; (1) the long-sleeve one-piece lead protective clothing has lead equivalent which refers to lead equivalent of a front body, and the front surface is 0.35mmPb-0.5 mmPb; according to the international standard, the sleeves and the back are unified to be 0.25 mmPb; (2) the split type light and thin protective clothing is made of nano-synthetic materials, the upper half body is designed by adopting a conjoined belt head sleeve, and the lower half body is designed by adopting double-ankle closing-up type trousers; (3) the lead vest and the lead briefs only protect important parts, the front parts of the vest are partially overlapped to enhance protection, each part provides 0.5 mmPb/lead equivalent, and the effects are achieved without depending on the overlapped parts; (4) the split short-sleeve/long-sleeve skirt is provided with auxiliary cross shoulder straps to prevent falling off; the protective gloves are divided into finger-separating protective lead gloves and ultrathin interventional lead gloves according to the intensity of an operated radioactive source, the finger-separating protective lead gloves are made of multilayer lead rubber and are suitable for strong radioactive operation protection and lead equivalent: 0.35 mmPb; the thickness of the ultrathin interventional lead glove is 0.007 inches, the ultrathin interventional lead glove is made of a nano synthetic material, and the ultrathin interventional lead glove is suitable for operation protection with lower ray intensity, and has the following lead equivalent: not less than 0.10 mmPb;
the disassembling tool assembly comprises an electric tool set, a radioactive source manual clamp and a waste adsorption and storage device; the electric tool set comprises a handheld brushless electric screwdriver, screwdrivers of different models and a movable cable reel, wherein the handheld brushless electric screwdriver has multistage bidirectional adjustable rotating speed; the butt-joint calibers of all the screwdrivers and the hand-held brushless electric screwdriver are consistent; the mobile cable reel is matched with the handheld brushless electric screwdriver power supply so as to meet the power supply requirement of outdoor operation; the radioactive source manual clamp comprises a clamp main body and a plurality of working clamp heads of different types, wherein the working clamp heads are matched with the clamp main body and comprise eight-inch wire cutters, trimming clamps, electronic clamps and duckbilled clamps, the eight-inch wire cutters, the trimming clamps, the electronic clamps and the duckbilled clamps are respectively used for disassembling cables, pipelines and connecting metal box plastic parts inside an instrument, and the duckbilled clamps are used for clamping and transferring radioactive sources which are not easy to reach positions inside the instrument; the waste adsorption and storage device adopts a large-suction air adsorption device and is additionally provided with a filter membrane;
the radioactive source transferring assembly comprises a transferring box with a protection and shielding function and convenient for temporarily storing and transferring radioactive sources, a conveying device and a counting device; the transfer box comprises a box body and a base which are distributed from top to bottom, and the box body is positioned above the base; the top and the bottom of the box body are provided with openings and are respectively provided with a pull-out baffle; operating handles are arranged on the side wall of the box body and one end of the baffle plate close to the drawing opening; the bottom end of the base is provided with a universal wheel with a locking function, so that the universal wheel is convenient to move and fix; the conveying device comprises a double-track conveying belt and a driving motor capable of running in two directions, and the driving motor rotates forwards and backwards to drive the double-track conveying belt to run in two directions; the side edge of each single-rail conveying belt in the double-rail conveying belt is respectively provided with a support sleeve edge, the support sleeve edges are of a segmented detachable structure, the lower part of each segment of the support sleeve edge is provided with a support frame, the lower part of each support frame is connected with an adjustable support leg of a rolling wheel, the lifting and lowering of the conveying device are adjusted by screwing up and down a screw rod on each support leg and a nut on the support frame, all the support legs are simultaneously screwed to a certain height clockwise, the lowering of the conveying device can be realized, all the support legs are simultaneously unscrewed to a certain height anticlockwise, and the lifting of the conveying device can be realized; the counting device comprises infrared trigger counters and photoelectric switches, each conveyor belt is provided with one infrared trigger counter, and each infrared trigger counter is connected with one photoelectric switch for counting;
the dose monitoring component comprises a personal dose monitor and an audible and visual alarm, a single chip microcomputer is arranged in the personal dose monitor and used for monitoring X rays and gamma rays, the dose rate and the accumulated dose are displayed simultaneously, the personal dose monitor can set various threshold alarm values randomly in a measurement range, audible and visual alarm is generated through the audible and visual alarm to remind workers of paying attention to safety timely, a built-in memory of the personal dose monitor can store data of a week, and the personal dose monitor adopts an intelligent pocket instrument.
2. The apparatus for destroying and recycling the spent nuclear instruments according to claim 1, wherein the protective masks are full-protection type protective masks and cap type protective masks, the lead equivalent is more than 0.1mmPb, and the protection angle is more than or equal to 270 degrees.
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