CN113575520A - Fly pupa preservation method based on effective accumulated temperature accumulation value - Google Patents
Fly pupa preservation method based on effective accumulated temperature accumulation value Download PDFInfo
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- CN113575520A CN113575520A CN202110921269.3A CN202110921269A CN113575520A CN 113575520 A CN113575520 A CN 113575520A CN 202110921269 A CN202110921269 A CN 202110921269A CN 113575520 A CN113575520 A CN 113575520A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
Abstract
The invention relates to a fly production and utilization technology, and aims to provide a fly pupa preservation method based on an effective accumulated temperature accumulation value. The preservation method is characterized in that preservation is carried out in an environment with the temperature of 3-10 ℃ and the humidity of 60-80%; the optimal stacking thickness during preservation is increased along with the increase of the effective accumulated temperature value of the fly pupae. The invention determines the optimal preservation condition according to different effective accumulated temperature accumulation values of the fly pupae, and has stronger pertinence and better preservation effect. The invention achieves the purpose of adjusting the eclosion time of the fly pupae by a low-temperature refrigeration method, and is more beneficial to maintaining the balanced production scale in the actual production process. The invention provides a convenient, economic and effective method for the remote transportation of fly pupae, and can balance the feed protein resources in the market to a certain extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fly production and utilization technology, in particular to a fly pupa preservation method based on effective accumulated temperature accumulation value.
Background
Flies are closely related to human life and can transmit a large number of diseases in the environment, thereby causing harm to human health. Therefore, a large amount of research on raising, controlling and utilizing flies has been carried out by scholars in the early days.
The fly as a completely metamorphic insect passes through four stages of fly eggs, larvae (fly maggots), fly pupae and imagoes all life, and the insect state of each stage has certain development and utilization value. For example, fly larvae (fly larvae) contain relatively abundant nutrients in their bodies. Generally speaking, the content of crude protein of the fly maggot can reach 50-70 percent, the content of fat is between 2.6-13 percent, and the fish meal meets the national standard requirements of China (GB/T19164-. And the crude protein content of the fly maggots is similar to or slightly higher than that of the fresh fish and the fish meal no matter the fly maggots are raw materials or dry powder. The fly maggots also contain various amino acid substances required by the growth of animals. In addition, the body wall of the larvae and pupae is rich in chitin, and can be used for extracting chitin and further processing into chitosan and novel nutrition, namely animal cellulose and the like; the larva and pupa also contain highly active agglutinin, and have wide application value in scientific research and medicine. It is the presence of these nutrients in different insect states that makes flies one of the most interesting and powerful insects to develop in today's world.
With the stable development of economy and the continuous improvement of living standard in China, the requirements of the nation on the nutrient components and the structural composition of foods are gradually improved, and particularly the demand of protein foods is increasingly increased. In order to meet the supply and demand of the market, the domestic aquaculture and livestock breeding industries of various aquatic products and livestock develop rapidly, but the problem that the existing feed protein resources cannot meet the requirements of the breeding industries also occurs. To solve this protein gap, since 1969, the production of fly maggots has been studied in the united states, soviet union, korea, japan and other countries, and small experiments and production of fly maggots have been carried out in many places in our country. At present, a mature fly maggot production process is available, but some problems still exist in the aspects of storage and transportation. For example, in mass production, according to the requirements of specific production capacity, the eclosion time of fly pupae is often required to be adjusted and the development period of larvae is often required to be delayed so as to meet the requirements on fly species in the production process; and how to conveniently store and transport the produced fly maggots, fly pupas and the like to other areas at low cost.
In the prior art, the preservation time of flies in three different forms of fly eggs, fly maggots and fly pupas is generally prolonged by a low-temperature preservation method, so that the aims of regulating the growth cycle of the flies and transporting the flies are fulfilled. And compared with the prior art, the fly pupae can be preserved for a longer time under the condition of low temperature, thereby being more beneficial to the reasonable arrangement of the production plan. It should be noted, however, that it is common practice in current fly pupa preservation techniques to employ substantially uniform cryogenic conditions for all fly pupae prior to emergence. However, the method ignores the influence of the effective accumulated temperature accumulated value on the preservation effect of the fly maggots after pupating, so that the preservation effects of different batches of fly pupas under the same condition are obviously different, and the actual production is influenced.
Therefore, from the angle of the effective accumulated temperature accumulated value of the fly pupae after the fly maggots pupate, a suitable fly pupae preservation process is determined, and the method has great significance for practical production application and scientific research.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects in the prior art and providing a fly pupa preservation method based on an effective accumulated temperature accumulation value.
In order to solve the technical problem, the solution of the invention is as follows:
provides a fly pupa preservation method based on effective accumulated temperature accumulation value, which is to preserve at the temperature of 3-10 ℃ and the humidity of 60-80%; the optimal stacking thickness during preservation is increased along with the increase of the effective accumulated temperature value of the fly pupae.
Preferably, when the effective accumulated temperature of the fly pupae is in the range of 1-30 days, the optimal stacking thickness during preservation is 5-20 cm.
Preferably, when the effective accumulated temperature of the fly pupae is within the range of 31-45 days, the optimal stacking thickness during preservation is 21-29 cm.
Preferably, when the effective accumulated temperature of the fly pupae is in the range of 46-65 days, the optimal stacking thickness during preservation is 30-45 cm.
Preferably, the fly pupae is any fly pupae of houseflies, city flies, lucilia sericata, Chrysomya megacephala, Lucilia cuprina, Liriomyza rubrovorans, Muscat stabulans or Boettia peregrina.
Preferably, the optimal preservation time is 20-40 days.
Preferably, the eclosion temperature after preservation is normal temperature.
Description of the inventive principles:
each animal had a lower temperature limit for its growth. When the temperature is higher than the lower limit temperature, the growth and development can be realized. This high temperature value, which is effective in growth and development of the animal, is called the effective accumulated temperature. The daily accumulated value of the effective temperature in a certain period is the accumulated value of the effective accumulated temperature. For fully metamorphic insects, this data can be used to predict the time for emergence of fly pupae under certain temperature conditions. In general, the effective accumulated temperature cumulative value is calculated in a manner of K ═ Σ (Ti-C), Ti > C。Wherein Ti is the average temperature per day above the development starting point; c is the starting temperature of fly pupa development.
In the process of research on the refrigeration technology of the fly pupae, the inventor team of the applicant finds that the survival rate and the eclosion rate of the fly pupae with different effective accumulated temperature values have great influence on the survival rate and the eclosion rate when the fly pupae are preserved in relatively optimum low-temperature conditions and humidity environments. The reason for this is that the maturation conditions of the fly pupae are different under different effective accumulated temperature accumulation values. The smaller the effective accumulated temperature value of the fly pupae is, the more tender the fly pupae is, the smaller the pressure can be born by the fly pupae; on the contrary, the larger the effective accumulated temperature value is, the older the fly pupae is, the higher the pressure can be born. Based on the above findings and the results of repeated experiments, the applicant has concluded different cryopreservation schemes for different ranges of effective accumulated temperature accumulation values of fly pupae.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention determines the optimal preservation condition according to different effective accumulated temperature accumulation values of the fly pupae, and has stronger pertinence and better preservation effect.
(2) The invention achieves the purpose of adjusting the eclosion time of the fly pupae by a low-temperature refrigeration method, and is more beneficial to maintaining the balanced production scale in the actual production process.
(3) The invention provides a convenient, economic and effective method for the remote transportation of fly pupae, and can balance the feed protein resources in the market to a certain extent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of different pupation times and different stacking thicknesses of fly pupae on the eclosion rate (%) of adults;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of the same pile thickness on the eclosion rate (%) of adult flies.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1
In this example, the fly pupae were preserved in an environment of 3 ℃ and 80% humidity, and the preservation target was housefly pupae. During preservation, the effective accumulated temperature of the fly pupae is 30 days, and the optimal stacking thickness during preservation is determined to be 20 cm. After 40 days of storage, the feathering test was carried out at a temperature of 25 ℃.
Example 2
In this example, the fly pupae were preserved in an environment of 10 ℃ and 65% humidity, and the preservation target was fly pupae of commercially available flies. During preservation, the effective accumulated temperature of the fly pupae is 17 days, and the optimal stacking thickness during preservation is determined to be 9 cm. After 28 days of storage, the feathering test was carried out at a temperature of 25 ℃.
Example 3
In the embodiment, the fly pupae are preserved in an environment with the temperature of 6 ℃ and the humidity of 60 percent, and the preservation object is the fly pupae of the lucilia sericata. During preservation, the effective accumulated temperature of the fly pupae is 1 day, and the optimal stacking thickness during preservation is determined to be 5 cm. After preservation for 20 days, the feathering test was carried out at a temperature of 25 ℃.
Example 4
In the embodiment, the fly pupae are preserved in the environment with the temperature of 10 ℃ and the humidity of 80 percent, and the preservation object is the fly pupae of chrysomyia megacephala. During preservation, the effective accumulated temperature of the fly pupae is 45 days, and the optimal stacking thickness during preservation is determined to be 21 cm. After preservation for 20 days, the feathering test was carried out at a temperature of 25 ℃.
Example 5
In this example, the fly pupae were preserved at a temperature of 3 ℃ and a humidity of 60% in an environment in which the fly pupae were collected from copperleaf flies. During preservation, the effective accumulated temperature of the fly pupae is 31 days, and the optimal stacking thickness during preservation is determined to be 29 cm. After preservation for 32 days, the feathering test was carried out at a temperature of 25 ℃.
Example 6
In this example, the fly pupae were preserved in an environment of 5 ℃ and 70% humidity, and the preservation target was blowfly. During preservation, the effective accumulated temperature of the fly pupae is 37 days, and the optimal stacking thickness during preservation is determined to be 25 cm. After 40 days of storage, the feathering test was carried out at a temperature of 25 ℃.
Example 7
In the embodiment, the storage is carried out in the environment with the temperature of 10 ℃ and the humidity of 75 percent, and the storage object is the fly pupa of the stable rotting fly. During preservation, the effective accumulated temperature of the fly pupae is 46 days, and the optimal stacking thickness during preservation is determined to be 45 cm. After 40 days of storage, the feathering test was carried out at a temperature of 25 ℃.
Example 8
In this example, the fly pupae were preserved in an environment of 3 ℃ and 80% humidity, and the preservation target was the fly pupae of the Sarcophaga peregrina. During preservation, the effective accumulated temperature of the fly pupae is 58 days, and the optimal stacking thickness during preservation is determined to be 40 cm. After 30 days of storage, the feathering test was carried out at a temperature of 25 ℃.
Example 9
In this example, the fly pupae were preserved in an environment of 9 ℃ and 60% humidity, and the preservation target was housefly pupae. During preservation, the effective accumulated temperature of the fly pupae is 65 days, and the optimal stacking thickness during preservation is determined to be 30 cm. After preservation for 20 days, the feathering test was carried out at a temperature of 25 ℃.
Experiment for verifying technical effect
First, initial test
Experimental example 1:
1) test protocol:
preservation tests of different pupation time and different stacking thicknesses show that the pupation stacking thickness is 3-5cm, 15cm, 30cm and 45cm, (pupation is carried out for 1 day, 2 days and 3 days respectively, and the average pupation temperature for 3 days is 23 ℃, 23 ℃ and 24 ℃), namely 12 treatments, and the pupation is preserved in a refrigerator at 2 ℃. Samples were taken randomly every 7 days for each treatment and feathering was performed at 25 ℃. Repeatedly taking 1 tube each time, taking pupa with bottom of 3cm (removing the bottom 1-2cm first and then sampling) for each tube, mixing, taking 100 pupas in one group, and taking 3 groups for eclosion, and inspecting eclosion rate.
2) And (3) test results:
as shown in FIG. 1(a), pupae 1d (effective temperature accumulation of about 16 days) preserved at 2 deg.C have relatively highest survival rate in shallow dishes, but the emergence rates of 4 treatments were all below 60% at 11d and 9% at 25 d. In contrast, pupation 1d pupae are suitable for shallow plate preservation. As can be seen from FIG. 1(b), pupae of pupa 2d (effective accumulated temperature about 30 days) were preserved at 2 ℃ and at 11d, the eclosion rate of 4 treatments was below 60% except for the shallow plate, while the eclosion rate of 3 treatments was above 60%, but at 17d, the eclosion rate of the shallow plate was 31.7%, while the other 3 treatments were almost reduced to zero. The eclosion rate of the shallow dish at 25d is only about 5.6%. Therefore, the pupation 2d pupae are also suitable for shallow plate preservation. As can be seen from FIG. 1(c), pupae of 3d pupate (effective temperature accumulation of about 50 days) were preserved at 2 deg.C, and at 11d, the emergence rates of the long and medium thickness preservation treatments were all above 60%, and at 2 other treatments were all 60%, but at 17d, the emergence rate was reduced to a very low level. Therefore, the pupation 3d medium-and-long-thickness preservation is suitable.
Experimental example 2:
1) test protocol:
the preservation tests for different pupation time are carried out for 4 treatments, namely pupation for 1 day, pupation for 2 days, pupation for 3 days, pupation for 4 days and pupation stacking height of 3-5cm, and the treatments are respectively put into a biochemical incubator at 8 ℃ for preservation. Sampling randomly every 7 days, performing eclosion test at 25 deg.C, sampling at multiple points, mixing, taking 100 pupas, performing eclosion in 3 groups, and examining eclosion rate.
2) And (3) test results:
in fig. 2, the pupation temperatures of the fly pupae are respectively 18 ℃, 19 ℃ and 20 ℃, which correspond to the effective accumulated temperature accumulation values of the fly pupae after 1 day, 2 days, 3 days and 4 days of pupation, respectively at about 11 days, 25 days, 32 days and 50 days. The pupation is carried out for 2 days and the pupation is carried out for 3 days with the prolonged preservation time, thus the fly pupation shows higher eclosion rate. Therefore, on the whole, the pupation time is not the older the better, nor the tender the better, and when the effective accumulated temperature of the fly pupae is accumulated to 20-35 days, the pupae is the more suitable preservation time.
Second, verification of technical effects of the embodiments
The fly pupae preserved in examples 1 to 9 of the present invention were subjected to the eclosion test while keeping the scale, conditions and test procedure of the eclosion test in the initial stage unchanged. The recorded data of each example are collated, and the results of the feathering rate are specifically shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the data in the above table, after the fly pupae are preserved for 20-40 days under the conditions of examples 1-9, the eclosion rate of the fly pupae under the temperature condition of 25 ℃ is kept at a higher level, which is more than 55%. Therefore, from the angle of the effective accumulated temperature accumulated value of the fly pupae after the fly maggots pupate, the most suitable fly pupae preservation process is determined, and the method has great significance for practical production application and scientific research.
Claims (7)
1. A fly pupa preservation method based on effective accumulated temperature accumulation value is characterized in that preservation is carried out in the environment with the temperature of 3-10 ℃ and the humidity of 60-80%; the optimal stacking thickness during preservation is increased along with the increase of the effective accumulated temperature value of the fly pupae.
2. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the optimal stacking thickness for preservation is 5 to 20cm when the effective accumulated temperature of the fly pupae is in the range of 1 to 30 days.
3. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the optimal stacking thickness for preservation is 21 to 29cm when the effective accumulated temperature of the fly pupae is in the range of 31 to 45 days.
4. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the optimal stacking thickness for preservation is 30 to 45cm when the effective accumulated temperature of the fly pupae is in the range of 46 to 65 days.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein said fly pupae is any fly pupae of housefly, city fly, lucilia sericata, chrysomyia megacephala, lucilia cuprina, blowfly, pythium stabulans, or boettia palmettii.
6. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the optimal storage time is between 20 and 40 days.
7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the eclosion temperature after preservation is an ambient temperature condition.
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