CN113570185B - GIS-based bus station supply and demand index system and release method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention mainly provides a GIS-based bus station supply and demand index system and a release method thereof, and the system mainly comprises a data server module, a business analysis and calculation module and a GIS visualization module, wherein: the data server module mainly relates to a topological structure and operation data of a storage public transportation network, the business analysis and calculation module mainly relates to a method for determining supply and demand of a public transportation station, a method for calculating unbalance index of supply and demand of the public transportation station, a method for generating a diagnosis and adjustment strategy of a planning problem of the public transportation station, and the GIS visualization module realizes visualization of different unbalance degree grades. The invention quantitatively evaluates and analyzes the supply and demand conditions of the bus station around the problem that the supply of the bus station and the demand of the conventional bus should be coordinated, calculates the demand scale of the bus station, and provides quantitative decision basis for planning and construction of the urban bus station.
Description
Technical field:
The invention relates to the field of transportation travel, in particular to a GIS-based public transportation station supply and demand index calculation system and a release method thereof.
Background
The public transport network is a main carrier of the urban passenger transport system, the time-space distribution characteristics of public transport passenger flows determine the unbalance of the network layout structure, the line density of partial areas is larger, the line density of partial areas is smaller, the time-space difference of the parking demands of buses is caused, the public transport network is limited by land resources, and if the planning and layout of public transport stations meet the parking demands of operation vehicles without the network layout, the service level of the public transport network is often limited by the supply capacity and the level of public transport facilities. Therefore, it is urgent to analyze the supply capacity and level of urban bus station facilities, evaluate the unbalance index of supply and demand, analyze the unbalance cause and provide the related optimization adjustment suggestion.
At present, most of conventional buses in China are not reasonably planned, the parking requirements of conventional buses are often not met by bus station supply, so that most of urban online network optimization organizations in China face larger station gaps in vehicle operation scheduling, urban public transportation development in China is severely restricted by the lag of conventional bus station construction, and due to the fact that the internal coupling relations among bus station planning, urban planning, passenger flow space-time distribution and line design are related to a plurality of influence factors and are related to each other, most of practical research refers to qualitative analysis methods of expert experience, and less quantitative research mainly uses decision theory in a centralized manner to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the quality of bus station planning. In addition, bus station planning is related to passenger flow travel selection and bus route layout, and partial scholars reference the best internal relation between theoretical discussion of double-layer planning. From the above, the existing research does not relate to research on the unbalanced supply and demand grading index of the public transportation area and the station, and mining the reasons based on the unbalanced supply and demand grading index and generating strategies of the automatic optimization scheme thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
Object of the invention
The invention provides a GIS-based bus station supply and demand index calculation system and a release method thereof, which are used for calculating the unbalance degree of the bus station supply and demand from the point and the face, mining the unbalance reason, automatically generating an adjustment strategy and displaying the distribution characteristics of the station supply and demand in a visual mode. The invention quantitatively evaluates and analyzes the supply and demand conditions of the public transportation stations, verifies the effectiveness and the practicability of the supply and demand model, and can provide quantitative decision basis for planning and constructing the urban public transportation stations.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a GIS-based bus station supply and demand index system, which comprises a data server module, a business analysis and calculation module and a GIS visualization module;
the business analysis and calculation module is respectively connected with the data server module and the GIS visualization module;
The data server module is used for providing topological structure and operation data of the public transport network by the service analysis and calculation module;
the business analysis and calculation module is used for providing a grading result of the supply and demand indexes of the bus station by the GIS visualization module;
The GIS visualization module is used for providing a man-machine interaction interface;
The data server module includes an area, a station, and a line.
A GIS-based bus station supply and demand index system comprises the following steps:
the storage public transport region set is set as Z; any region is And/>Is D z, each bus station is/>And/>The area of the built parking area is S d, and the maximum allowed parking number is/>Wherein s is the occupied space of each vehicle; the set of bus lines is R, and each bus line is/>Is Q r, each bus route/>, is knownAssigned bus stops/>(I.e., y rd =1), the vehicle travel distance l rd between them can be calculated by GIS;
A. The service analysis and calculation module can calculate the supply and demand unbalance index of each bus station and all bus stations in a certain area, and the main steps are as follows:
Step A1: for any region Each bus station/>The parking requirement is that
Step A2: for any regionIts parking requirement is/>
Step A3: for any regionEach bus station/>The unbalance index of the supply and the demand isWhen f d epsilon [0,0.5], the bus station supply is very wasteful; when f d epsilon [0.5,0.9], the bus station supplies waste; when f d epsilon [0.9,1.1], the supply and demand of the bus station are basically balanced; when f d epsilon [1.1,1.5], the bus station supply is scarce; when f d epsilon [1.5, + ], bus station supplies are very scarce;
step A4: for any region Its unbalance index is/>When v z epsilon [0,0.5], the bus station supply is very wasteful; when v z epsilon [0.5,0.9], the bus station supplies waste; when v z is epsilon [0.9,1.1], the supply and demand of the bus station are basically balanced; when v z epsilon [1.1,1.5], the bus station supply is scarce; when v z epsilon [1.5, + ], bus station supplies are very scarce;
B. The business analysis and calculation module diagnoses the bus station planning problem according to the supply and demand unbalance index of the bus station and generates a specific adjustment strategy, and the main steps are as follows:
step B1: for any region When v z <1, if each bus station exists/>F d is more than 1, at the moment, the bus station supply of the area is generally more than the demand, if the bus station supply of the bus station is less than the demand, the strategy is adjusted to identify a line, and the parking demand is distributed to adjacent bus stations around;
Step B2: for any region When v z is more than 1, the bus station supply of the area is totally smaller than the demand, and the supply quantity is increased to be/>Meanwhile, judging if each bus station/>, if the bus station existsAnd f d <1 is satisfied, at the moment, the bus station supply of part of bus stations is larger than the demand, and the regulation strategy is to identify one line of the adjacent bus stations and distribute the parking demand to the bus stations.
Preferably, in step B1, B1.1 and B1.2 are included;
step B1.1: for a certain bus line If y rd =1 and/>Let y rd = 0;
Step B1.2: for each bus station Let y rd′ =1.
Preferably, in B2, B2.1 and B2.2 are included;
Step B2.1: to public transport station Calculating remaining parking spaces, i.e. >
Step B2.2: for each bus station Let y rd′ =0 and y rd =1.
Preferably, the GIS visualization module can visualize the unbalanced supply and demand space-time distribution of the bus station from point to face according to two modes of the bus station and the area, and marks the bus GIS with different colors according to different index grading degrees.
Preferably, when v z/fd e [0,0.5], the red color is marked; when v z/fd epsilon [0.5,0.9], marking yellow; when v z/fd epsilon [0.9,1.1], marking blue; when v z/fd epsilon [1.1,1.5], marking green; when v z/fd epsilon [1.5, +. Alpha. ], the purple color is marked.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
Aiming at the space-time distribution characteristics of the supply and demand of the bus station, the unbalance indexes of the bus area and the station are calculated according to the supply and demand of the bus station, and a corresponding optimization and adjustment strategy is provided, so that data support is provided for scientific planning and management of the bus station system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of an implementation of the present invention.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings 1-2 in conjunction with the detailed description of the invention, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the description is only illustrative and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as not to unnecessarily obscure the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a GIS-based bus station supply and demand index system is characterized by comprising a data server module, a business analysis and calculation module and a GIS visualization module;
the business analysis and calculation module is respectively connected with the data server module and the GIS visualization module;
The data server module is used for providing topological structure and operation data of the public transport network by the service analysis and calculation module;
the business analysis and calculation module is used for providing a grading result of the supply and demand indexes of the bus station by the GIS visualization module;
The GIS visualization module is used for providing a man-machine interaction interface;
The data server module includes an area, a station, and a line.
It should be noted that, the data server module mainly relates to storing topology structure and operation data of the public transportation network, the service analysis and calculation module mainly relates to a method for determining supply and demand of the public transportation station, a method for calculating unbalance index of supply and demand of the public transportation station, and a method for generating diagnosis and adjustment strategy of planning problem of the public transportation station, the GIS visualization module realizes visualization of different unbalance degree grades, and the data server module provides topology structure and operation data of the public transportation network for the service analysis and calculation module; the business analysis and calculation module provides a grading result of the supply and demand indexes of the bus station for the GIS visualization module; the GIS visualization module provides a man-machine interaction interface.
As shown in fig. 2, the invention provides a GIS-based bus station supply and demand index system, which further includes four steps of data preparation, selection range, model calculation and visualization, and the specific implementation modes are as follows.
A GIS-based bus station supply and demand index system is characterized in that the calculation and release method comprises the following steps:
data preparation, namely respectively importing different data into a GIS visualization module through man-machine interaction according to sequence, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
Step one: a public transport region set Z;
Step two: any region Bus station set D z, each bus station/> Is a maximum allowed parking number/>Wherein s is the occupied space of each vehicle;
step three: public transport line set R, each public transport line Is Q r, each bus route/>, is knownAssigned bus stops/>(I.e., y rd =1), the vehicle travel distance l rd between them can be calculated by GIS;
Selecting a range, and providing two modes at a GIS visualization module through man-machine interaction: selecting a region, or selecting a station of a region, comprises the steps of:
When a certain area is selected, a step of model calculation is entered, and related subroutines of a business analysis and calculation module are called;
selecting one station of a certain area, entering a step of model calculation, and calling a related subroutine of a business analysis and calculation module;
And calculating a model, namely judging and calling a related subroutine of a service analysis and calculation module according to the selection range, wherein the method comprises the following steps of:
step one: if the area is selected, turning to the second step; otherwise, turning to the third step;
Step two: the business analysis and calculation module reads all bus stations and the lines of the bus stations from the data server module according to the selected certain area, and calculates the unbalance index of supply and demand of each certain area:
Step 2.1: for any region Its parking requirement is/>
Step 2.2: for any regionIts unbalance index is/>When v z epsilon [0,0.5], the bus station supply is very wasteful; when v z epsilon [0.5,0.9], the bus station supplies waste; when v z is epsilon [0.9,1.1], the supply and demand of the bus station are basically balanced; when v z epsilon [1.1,1.5], the bus station supply is scarce; when v z epsilon [1.5, + ], bus station supplies are very scarce;
Step three: the business analysis and calculation module reads the parking number of the bus station and the parking demand information of the line to which the bus station belongs from the data server module according to the bus station in a certain selected area, and calculates the supply and demand unbalance index of each bus station;
Step 3.1: for any region Each bus station/>The parking requirement is that
Step 3.2: for any regionEach bus station/>The unbalance index of the supply and the demand isWhen f d epsilon [0,0.5], the bus station supply is very wasteful; when f d epsilon [0.5,0.9], the bus station supplies waste; when f d epsilon [0.9,1.1], the supply and demand of the bus station are basically balanced; when f d epsilon [1.1,1.5], the bus station supply is scarce; when f d epsilon [1.5, + ], the bus stop supplies are very scarce.
Step four: for any regionWhen v z <1, if each bus station exists/>Satisfies f d > 1, and the bus station supply of the area is generally greater than the demand at this moment, if the bus station supply of the bus station is less than the demand, the adjustment strategy is to identify a line, and the parking demand is distributed to the neighboring bus stations around, and the main steps are as follows:
Step 4.1: for a certain bus line If y rd =1 and/>Let y rd = 0;
Step 4.2: for each bus station Let y rd′ =1.
Step five: for any regionWhen v z is more than 1, the bus station supply of the area is totally smaller than the demand, and the supply quantity is increased to be/>Meanwhile, judging if each bus station/>, if the bus station existsAnd f d <1 is satisfied, at the moment, the bus station supply of part of bus stations is larger than the demand, and the regulation strategy is to identify one line of the adjacent bus stations and distribute the parking demand to the bus stations. The method mainly comprises the following steps:
Step 5.1: to public transport station Calculating remaining parking spaces, i.e. >
Step 5.2: for each bus station Let y rd′ =0 and y rd =1.
The visualization is carried out according to the calculated result of the model and according to two display modes of a point or a surface, and according to different index grading degrees, different colors are marked on a bus GIS, and the method comprises the following steps:
Checking any area in a GIS layer of a public transportation area When v z epsilon [0,0.5], the color is marked red; when v z epsilon [0.5,0.9], marking yellow; when v z epsilon [0.9,1.1], marking blue; when v z epsilon [1.1,1.5], marking green; when v z epsilon [1.5, +. Alpha. ], the purple color is marked.
Checking any area in a GIS layer of a bus stationEach bus station/> When f d epsilon [0,0.5], marking red; when f d epsilon [0.5,0.9], marking yellow; when f d epsilon [0.9,1.1], marking blue; when f d epsilon [1.1,1.5], marking green; when f d epsilon [1.5, +. Alpha. ], the purple color is marked.
It is to be noted that, the invention adopts the above measures to improve, and aims at the time-space distribution characteristics of the bus station, on the basis of revealing the coupling relation among the network layout, the parking requirement and the land utilization, the unbalance index of the bus station supply and demand is calculated from the points and the surface layer, and the pre-warning with different colors is visualized according to different grades; meanwhile, the method automatically excavates and analyzes the unbalance reasons of the supply and demand, and automatically generates the optimization and improvement strategy, so that the operation efficiency and scientificity are improved, and data support is provided for scientific planning and management of the bus station system.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not limiting to the technical solutions of the present invention, and any technical solution that can be implemented on the basis of the above embodiments without inventive effort should be considered as falling within the scope of protection of the patent claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A calculation and release method of a GIS-based bus station supply and demand index system is characterized in that the system comprises a data server module, a business analysis and calculation module and a GIS visualization module;
the business analysis and calculation module is respectively connected with the data server module and the GIS visualization module;
The data server module is used for providing topological structure and operation data of the public transport network by the service analysis and calculation module;
the business analysis and calculation module is used for providing a grading result of the supply and demand indexes of the bus station by the GIS visualization module;
The GIS visualization module is used for providing a man-machine interaction interface;
the data server module comprises an area, a station and a line;
the calculation and release method comprises the following steps:
the storage bus area set is set as ; Any region is/>And/>Is set as/>Each bus station is/>And/>，/>The built parking area is/>The maximum allowed parking number is; The set of bus lines is/>Each bus route is/>，Is/>Each bus route/>, is knownAssigned bus stops/>I.e.The driving distance/>, between vehicles, of the vehicle can be calculated through GIS；
A. The service analysis and calculation module can calculate the supply and demand unbalance index of each bus station and all bus stations in a certain area, and the main steps are as follows:
Step A1: for any region Each bus station/>The parking requirement is that；
Step A2: for any regionThe parking requirement is/>；
Step A3: for any regionEach bus station/>The unbalance index of supply and demand is/>When/>The bus station supply is very wasteful; when/>Waste of bus station supply; when (when)The supply and demand of the bus station are basically balanced; when/>Bus station supplies are scarce; when (when)Bus station supplies are very scarce;
step A4: for any region The unbalance index of supply and demand is/>When/>The bus station supply is very wasteful; when/>Waste of bus station supply; when/>The supply and demand of the bus station are basically balanced; when/>Bus station supplies are scarce; when/>Bus station supplies are very scarce;
B. The business analysis and calculation module diagnoses the bus station planning problem according to the supply and demand unbalance index of the bus station and generates a specific adjustment strategy, and the main steps are as follows:
step B1: for any region When/>If there is every bus station/>Satisfy/>At this time, the bus station supply of the area is generally larger than the demand, and if the bus station supply of the bus station is smaller than the demand, the strategy is adjusted to identify a line, and the parking demand is distributed to adjacent bus stations around;
Step B2: for any region When/>At this time, the bus station supply of the area is totally smaller than the demand, and the supply amount is increased to/>Meanwhile, judging if each bus station/>, if anySatisfy/>At this time, the bus station supply of the part of bus stations is larger than the demand, and the strategy is adjusted to identify one line of the adjacent bus stations and distribute the parking demand to the bus stations.
2. The method for issuing the GIS-based public transportation station supply and demand index system according to claim 1, wherein in the step B1, B1.1 and B1.2 are included;
step B1.1: for a certain bus line If/>And/>Let/>；
Step B1.2: for each bus station，/>Let/>。
3. The method for issuing the GIS-based public transportation station supply and demand index system according to claim 2, wherein in B2, B2.1 and B2.2 are included;
Step B2.1: to public transport station Calculating remaining parking spaces, i.e./>；
Step B2.2: for each bus station，/>Let/>And/>。
4. The method for calculating and issuing the GIS-based bus station supply and demand index system according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the GIS visualization module can visualize unbalanced supply and demand space-time distribution of the bus station from point to face according to two modes of the bus station and the area, and marks the bus GIS with different colors according to different index grading degrees.
5. The method for calculating and issuing the GIS-based bus station supply and demand index system according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when (when)Marking red; when/>Marking yellow; when (when)Marking blue; when/>The mark is green; when/>The color purple is marked.
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