CN113570185A - Bus station supply and demand index system based on GIS and publishing method thereof - Google Patents

Bus station supply and demand index system based on GIS and publishing method thereof Download PDF

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CN113570185A
CN113570185A CN202110636807.4A CN202110636807A CN113570185A CN 113570185 A CN113570185 A CN 113570185A CN 202110636807 A CN202110636807 A CN 202110636807A CN 113570185 A CN113570185 A CN 113570185A
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谭英嘉
何晖宇
丁亚明
利敏怡
甘嘉文
杨伟鑫
谭硕果
况雪
朱一洲
吴莉珊
魏明
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Shenzhen Transportation Design & Research Institute Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention mainly provides a GIS-based public transportation station supply and demand index system and a publishing method thereof, which mainly comprise a data server module, a service analysis and calculation module and a GIS visualization module, wherein: the data server module mainly relates to a topological structure and operation data for storing a bus network, the business analysis and calculation module mainly relates to a supply and demand determination method of a bus station, a supply and demand imbalance index calculation method of the bus station and a bus station planning problem diagnosis and adjustment strategy generation method, and the GIS visualization module realizes visualization of different imbalance degree grades. According to the invention, the problem that the supply of the public transportation station and the demand of the conventional public transportation vehicle are correspondingly coordinated is solved, the supply and demand conditions of the public transportation station are quantitatively evaluated and analyzed, the demand scale of the public transportation station is measured and calculated, and a quantitative decision basis is provided for planning and construction of the urban public transportation station.

Description

Bus station supply and demand index system based on GIS and publishing method thereof
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the field of travel, in particular to a GIS-based public transportation station supply and demand index calculation system and a publishing method thereof.
Background
The public transport network is a main carrier of an urban passenger transport system, the unevenness of a network layout structure is determined by the space-time distribution characteristics of public transport passenger flow, the line density of part of areas is high, the line density of part of areas is low, the space-time difference of the parking requirements of buses is caused, the parking requirements of the operation vehicles cannot be met by the planning and layout of a bus station, and the service level of the parking requirements of the operation vehicles cannot be limited by the supply capacity and level of public transport facilities. Therefore, analysis of the supply capacity and level of urban public transportation station facilities, evaluation of the supply and demand imbalance index, analysis of the imbalance reason and relevant optimization and adjustment suggestions are urgently needed.
At present, most conventional bus stations in China are not reasonably planned, the supply of the bus stations cannot meet the parking requirements of conventional bus vehicles, so that major station gaps face to the online network optimization organization and vehicle operation scheduling of most cities in China, the development of urban public transportation in China is severely restricted by the lag of the construction of the conventional bus stations, and due to the internal coupling relationship among the bus station planning, the city planning, the passenger flow space-time distribution and the line design, the influence factors are numerous and are mutually related, most practical researches refer to a qualitative analysis method of expert experience, and less quantitative researches mainly concentrate on the use of a decision-making theory to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the quality of the bus station planning. In addition, the bus station planning is related to passenger flow travel selection and bus route layout, and partial scholars refer to the best internal relation between double-layer planning theory discussion. From the above, the existing research does not relate to the research on the supply and demand imbalance grading index of the bus area and the station, and the reason mining and automatic optimization scheme generation strategy based on the supply and demand imbalance grading index.
Disclosure of Invention
Objects of the invention
The invention provides a GIS-based public transportation station supply and demand index calculation system and a publishing method thereof, which are used for calculating the supply and demand unbalance degree of a public transportation station from a point level and a surface level, mining the unbalance reason, automatically generating an adjustment strategy and visually displaying the supply and demand distribution characteristics of the station. The invention carries out quantitative evaluation and analysis on the supply and demand conditions of the public transportation station, verifies the effectiveness and the practicability of the supply and demand model, and can provide a quantitative decision basis for planning and construction of the urban public transportation station.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a GIS-based public transportation station supply and demand index system, which comprises a data server module, a service analysis and calculation module and a GIS visualization module;
the service analysis and calculation module is respectively connected with the data server module and the GIS visualization module;
the data server module is used for providing a topological structure and operation data of the public transport network by the service analysis and calculation module;
the service analysis and calculation module is used for providing a grading result of supply and demand indexes of the bus station by the GIS visualization module;
the GIS visualization module is used for providing a human-computer interaction interface;
the data server module contains areas, stations and lines.
A GIS-based public transportation station supply and demand index system comprises the following calculation and release methods:
setting a storage bus area set as Z; any area is
Figure BDA0003105511180000031
And is
Figure BDA0003105511180000032
The set of public transport stations is DzEach bus station is
Figure BDA0003105511180000033
And is
Figure BDA0003105511180000034
The area of the built parking lot is SdThe maximum allowed number of parking is
Figure BDA0003105511180000035
Wherein s is the occupied space of each vehicle; the collection of the bus lines is R, and each bus line is
Figure BDA0003105511180000036
Parking demand of QrAlready knows each bus route
Figure BDA0003105511180000037
Distributed bus station
Figure BDA0003105511180000038
(i.e. y)rd1), the distance l between them for the vehicle to travel can be calculated by the GISrd；
A. The business analysis and calculation module can calculate the supply and demand imbalance index of each bus station and all bus stations in a certain area, and the main steps are as follows:
step A1: for any area
Figure BDA0003105511180000039
Each bus station
Figure BDA00031055111800000310
The parking demand is
Figure BDA00031055111800000311
Step A2: for any area
Figure BDA00031055111800000312
The parking demand is
Figure BDA00031055111800000313
Step A3: for any area
Figure BDA00031055111800000314
Each bus station
Figure BDA00031055111800000315
Having a supply and demand imbalance index of
Figure BDA00031055111800000316
When f isd∈[0,0.5]The supply of the bus station is very wasted; when f isd∈[0.5,0.9]The supply of the public transportation station is wasted; when f isd∈[0.9,1.1]The supply and demand of the bus station are basically balanced; when f isd∈[1.1,1.5]Public transportation station supply is scarce; when f isd∈[1.5,+∝]Public transportation station supply is very scarce;
step A4: for any area
Figure BDA00031055111800000317
Having a supply and demand imbalance index of
Figure BDA00031055111800000318
When v isz∈[0,0.5]The supply of the bus station is very wasted; when v isz∈[0.5,0.9]The supply of the public transportation station is wasted; when in usevz∈[0.9,1.1]The supply and demand of the bus station are basically balanced; when v isz∈[1.1,1.5]Public transportation station supply is scarce; when v isz∈[1.5,+∝]Public transportation station supply is very scarce;
B. the business analysis and calculation module diagnoses the planning problem of the bus station according to the supply and demand unbalance index of the bus station and generates a specific adjustment strategy, and the main steps are as follows:
step B1: for any area
Figure BDA0003105511180000041
When v isz<1, if each bus station exists
Figure BDA0003105511180000042
Satisfy fdIf the supply of the bus stations in the area is greater than the demand, if the supply of the bus stations in the area is less than the demand, the strategy is adjusted to identify a line, and the parking demand is distributed to the adjacent bus stations;
step B2: for any area
Figure BDA0003105511180000043
When v iszThe supply of the bus station in the area is less than the demand, and the supply quantity is increased to
Figure BDA0003105511180000044
Meanwhile, judging whether each bus station exists
Figure BDA0003105511180000045
Satisfy fd<1, the supply of the bus stations with partial bus stations is larger than the demand, the adjustment strategy is to identify a line of the adjacent bus stations, and the parking demand is distributed to the bus stations.
Preferably, in step B1, B1.1 and B1.2 are included;
step B1.1: for a certain bus line
Figure BDA0003105511180000046
If yrd1 and
Figure BDA0003105511180000047
let yrd＝0；
Step B1.2: for each bus station
Figure BDA0003105511180000048
Figure BDA0003105511180000049
Let yrd′＝1。
Preferably, in B2, B2.1 and B2.2 are comprised;
step B2.1: to public transport station
Figure BDA00031055111800000410
Calculating remaining parking spaces, i.e.
Figure BDA00031055111800000411
Step B2.2: for each bus station
Figure BDA00031055111800000412
Figure BDA00031055111800000413
Let yrd′0 and yrd＝1。
Preferably, the GIS visualization module can visualize the unbalanced space-time distribution of the supply and demand of the bus station from point to surface according to two modes of the bus station and the area, and marks the space-time distribution in different colors in the bus GIS according to different index grading degrees.
Preferably, when v isz/fd∈[0,0.5]Marking red; when v isz/fd∈[0.5,0.9]Marking yellow; when v isz/fd∈[0.9,1.1]Marking blue; when v isz/fd∈[1.1,1.5]Marking green; when v isz/fd∈[1.5,+∝]And marked purple.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
aiming at the space-time distribution characteristics of supply and demand of the bus station, the unbalance indexes of the bus area and the station are calculated according to the supply and demand of the bus station, and a corresponding optimization and adjustment strategy is provided, so that data support is provided for scientific planning and management of a bus station system.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of an implementation of the present invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings 1-2 in conjunction with the following detailed description. It should be understood that the description is intended to be exemplary only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a bus station supply and demand index system based on a GIS is characterized by comprising a data server module, a service analysis and calculation module and a GIS visualization module;
the service analysis and calculation module is respectively connected with the data server module and the GIS visualization module;
the data server module is used for providing a topological structure and operation data of the public transport network by the service analysis and calculation module;
the service analysis and calculation module is used for providing a grading result of supply and demand indexes of the bus station by the GIS visualization module;
the GIS visualization module is used for providing a human-computer interaction interface;
the data server module contains areas, stations and lines.
It should be noted that, the data server module mainly relates to storing the topological structure and the operation data of the public transportation network, the service analysis and calculation module mainly relates to the supply and demand determination method of the public transportation station, the supply and demand imbalance index calculation method of the public transportation station, and the planning problem diagnosis and adjustment strategy generation method of the public transportation station, the GIS visualization module realizes the visualization of different imbalance degree grades, and the data server module provides the topological structure and the operation data of the public transportation network for the service analysis and calculation module; the service analysis and calculation module provides a bus station supply and demand index grading result for the GIS visualization module; the GIS visualization module provides a human-computer interaction interface.
As shown in fig. 2, the invention provides a bus station supply and demand index system based on a GIS, which further comprises four steps of data preparation, range selection, model calculation, visualization and the like, and the specific implementation manner is as follows.
A GIS-based public transportation station supply and demand index system is characterized in that a calculation and release method comprises the following steps:
data preparation, namely respectively importing different data in sequence through man-machine interaction in a GIS visualization module, and the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: a public transportation region set Z;
step two: arbitrary region
Figure BDA0003105511180000061
Bus station set DzEach bus station
Figure BDA0003105511180000062
Figure BDA0003105511180000063
Built-up parking area SdThe maximum allowed number of parking is
Figure BDA0003105511180000064
Wherein s is the occupied space of each vehicle;
step three: bus route set R, each bus route
Figure BDA0003105511180000071
Parking demand of QrAlready knows each bus route
Figure BDA0003105511180000072
Distributed bus station
Figure BDA0003105511180000073
(i.e. y)rd1), the distance l between them for the vehicle to travel can be calculated by the GISrd；
Selecting a range, and providing two modes through man-machine interaction in a GIS visualization module: selecting a region, or selecting a station of a region, comprising the steps of:
when a certain area is selected, entering a step of model calculation, and calling a related subprogram of a service analysis and calculation module;
when a station in a certain area is selected, entering a step of model calculation, and calling a related subprogram of a service analysis and calculation module;
model calculation, namely judging and calling a related subprogram of a business analysis and calculation module according to the selection range, and comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: if the area is selected, turning to the second step; otherwise, turning to the third step;
step two: the business analysis and calculation module reads all bus stations and lines thereof in a certain area from the data server module according to the selected certain area, and calculates the supply and demand imbalance index of each certain area:
step 2.1: for any area
Figure BDA0003105511180000074
The parking demand is
Figure BDA0003105511180000075
Step 2.2: for any area
Figure BDA0003105511180000076
Having a supply and demand imbalance index of
Figure BDA0003105511180000077
When v isz∈[0,0.5]The supply of the bus station is very wasted; when v isz∈[0.5,0.9]The supply of the public transportation station is wasted; when v isz∈[0.9,1.1]Supply at public transport stationBasic balance is needed; when v isz∈[1.1,1.5]Public transportation station supply is scarce; when v isz∈[1.5,+∝]Public transportation station supply is very scarce;
step three: the business analysis and calculation module reads the parking number of the bus station and the parking demand information of the line to which the bus station belongs from the data server module according to the bus station in a selected area, and calculates the supply and demand imbalance index of each bus station;
step 3.1: for any area
Figure BDA0003105511180000081
Each bus station
Figure BDA0003105511180000082
The parking demand is
Figure BDA0003105511180000083
Step 3.2: for any area
Figure BDA0003105511180000084
Each bus station
Figure BDA0003105511180000085
Having a supply and demand imbalance index of
Figure BDA0003105511180000086
When f isd∈[0,0.5]The supply of the bus station is very wasted; when f isd∈[0.5,0.9]The supply of the public transportation station is wasted; when f isd∈[0.9,1.1]The supply and demand of the bus station are basically balanced; when f isd∈[1.1,1.5]Public transportation station supply is scarce; when f isd∈[1.5,+∝]Bus stations are scarce to supply.
Step four: for any area
Figure BDA0003105511180000087
When v isz<1, if each bus station exists
Figure BDA0003105511180000088
Satisfy fdThe bus station supply total of the area is greater than the demand, if the bus station supply of the bus station is less than the demand, the adjustment strategy is to identify a line and distribute the parking demand to the peripheral adjacent bus stations, and the main steps are as follows:
step 4.1: for a certain bus line
Figure BDA0003105511180000089
If yrd1 and
Figure BDA00031055111800000810
let yrd＝0；
Step 4.2: for each bus station
Figure BDA00031055111800000811
Figure BDA00031055111800000812
Let yrd′＝1。
Step five: for any area
Figure BDA00031055111800000813
When v iszThe supply of the bus station in the area is less than the demand, and the supply quantity is increased to
Figure BDA00031055111800000814
Meanwhile, judging whether each bus station exists
Figure BDA00031055111800000815
Satisfy fd<1, the supply of the bus stations with partial bus stations is larger than the demand, the adjustment strategy is to identify a line of the adjacent bus stations, and the parking demand is distributed to the bus stations. The method mainly comprises the following steps:
step 5.1: to public transport station
Figure BDA00031055111800000816
Calculating remaining parking spaces, i.e.
Figure BDA00031055111800000817
Step 5.2: for each bus station
Figure BDA0003105511180000091
Figure BDA0003105511180000092
Let yrd′0 and yrd＝1。
Visualization, according to the result of model calculation, according to two kinds of display modes of point or face, according to different index grading degree, mark with different colours at public transit GIS, including the following steps:
checking any area on GIS map layer of public traffic area
Figure BDA0003105511180000093
When v is the supply and demand imbalance index ofz∈[0,0.5]Marking red; when v isz∈[0.5,0.9]Marking yellow; when v isz∈[0.9,1.1]Marking blue; when v isz∈[1.1,1.5]Marking green; when v isz∈[1.5,+∝]And marked purple.
Checking any area on GIS layer of bus station
Figure BDA0003105511180000094
Each bus station
Figure BDA0003105511180000095
Figure BDA0003105511180000096
When f is the supply-demand imbalance index ofd∈[0,0.5]Marking red; when f isd∈[0.5,0.9]Marking yellow; when f isd∈[0.9,1.1]Marking blue; when f isd∈[1.1,1.5]Marking green; when f isd∈[1.5,+∝]And marked purple.
It should be noted that, the invention is improved by adopting the above measures, aiming at the characteristics of the space-time distribution of supply and demand of the bus station, on the basis of revealing the coupling relation among the wire network layout, the parking demand and the land utilization, the imbalance index of supply and demand of the bus station is calculated from the point and the surface layer, and the warning with different colors is visualized according to different grades; meanwhile, the reasons of supply and demand unbalance are automatically mined and analyzed, and an optimization and improvement strategy is automatically generated.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the technical solutions of the present invention, so long as the technical solutions can be realized on the basis of the above embodiments without creative efforts, which should be considered to fall within the protection scope of the patent of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A GIS-based public transportation station supply and demand index system is characterized by comprising a data server module, a service analysis and calculation module and a GIS visualization module;
the service analysis and calculation module is respectively connected with the data server module and the GIS visualization module;
the data server module is used for providing a topological structure and operation data of the public transport network by the service analysis and calculation module;
the service analysis and calculation module is used for providing a grading result of supply and demand indexes of the bus station by the GIS visualization module;
the GIS visualization module is used for providing a human-computer interaction interface;
the data server module contains areas, stations and lines.
2. The GIS-based bus station supply and demand index system according to claim 1, wherein the calculation and release method is as follows:
setting a storage bus area set as Z; any area is
Figure FDA0003105511170000011
And is
Figure FDA0003105511170000012
The set of public transport stations is DzEach bus station is
Figure FDA0003105511170000013
And is
Figure FDA0003105511170000014
The area of the built parking lot is SdThe maximum allowed number of parking is
Figure FDA0003105511170000015
Wherein s is the occupied space of each vehicle; the collection of the bus lines is R, and each bus line is
Figure FDA0003105511170000016
Parking demand of QrAlready knows each bus route
Figure FDA0003105511170000017
Distributed bus station
Figure FDA0003105511170000018
(i.e. y)rd1), the distance l between them for the vehicle to travel can be calculated by the GISrd；
A. The business analysis and calculation module can calculate the supply and demand imbalance index of each bus station and all bus stations in a certain area, and the main steps are as follows:
step A1: for any area
Figure FDA0003105511170000019
Each bus station
Figure FDA00031055111700000110
The parking demand is
Figure FDA0003105511170000021
Step A2: for any area
Figure FDA0003105511170000022
The parking demand is
Figure FDA0003105511170000023
Step A3: for any area
Figure FDA0003105511170000024
Each bus station
Figure FDA0003105511170000025
Having a supply and demand imbalance index of
Figure FDA0003105511170000026
When f isd∈[0,0.5]The supply of the bus station is very wasted; when f isd∈[0.5，0.9]The supply of the public transportation station is wasted; when f isd∈[0.9，1.1]The supply and demand of the bus station are basically balanced; when f isd∈[1.1，1.5]Public transportation station supply is scarce; when f isd∈[1.5,+∝]Public transportation station supply is very scarce;
step A4: for any area
Figure FDA0003105511170000027
Having a supply and demand imbalance index of
Figure FDA0003105511170000028
When v isz∈[0,0.5]The supply of the bus station is very wasted; when v isz∈[0.5,0.9]The supply of the public transportation station is wasted; when v isz∈[0.9,1.1]The supply and demand of the bus station are basically balanced; when v isz∈[1.1,1.5]Public transportation station supply is scarce; when v isz∈[1.5,+∝]Public transportation station supply is very scarce;
B. the business analysis and calculation module diagnoses the planning problem of the bus station according to the supply and demand unbalance index of the bus station and generates a specific adjustment strategy, and the main steps are as follows:
step B1: for any area
Figure FDA0003105511170000029
When v isz<1, if each bus station exists
Figure FDA00031055111700000210
Satisfy fdIf the supply of the bus stations in the area is greater than the demand, if the supply of the bus stations in the area is less than the demand, the strategy is adjusted to identify a line, and the parking demand is distributed to the adjacent bus stations;
step B2: for any area
Figure FDA00031055111700000211
When v iszThe supply of the bus station in the area is less than the demand, and the supply quantity is increased to
Figure FDA00031055111700000212
Meanwhile, judging whether each bus station exists
Figure FDA00031055111700000213
Satisfy fd<1, the supply of the bus stations with partial bus stations is larger than the demand, the adjustment strategy is to identify a line of the adjacent bus stations, and the parking demand is distributed to the bus stations.
3. The calculation and distribution method of the GIS-based bus stop supply and demand index system according to claim 2, wherein in step B1, the calculation and distribution method comprises steps of B1.1 and B1.2;
step B1.1: for a certain bus line
Figure FDA0003105511170000031
If yrd1 and
Figure FDA0003105511170000032
let yrd＝0；
Step B1.2: for each bus station
Figure FDA0003105511170000033
Figure FDA0003105511170000034
Let yrd′＝1。
4. The calculation and release method of a GIS-based bus stop supply and demand index system according to claim 2, wherein in B2, B2.1 and B2.2 are included;
step B2.1: to public transport station
Figure FDA0003105511170000035
Calculating remaining parking spaces, i.e.
Figure FDA0003105511170000036
Step B2.2: for each bus station
Figure FDA0003105511170000037
Figure FDA0003105511170000038
Let yrd′0 and yrd＝1。
5. The GIS-based calculation and release method for the bus station supply and demand index system according to claim 2, characterized in that: the GIS visualization module can visualize the unbalance space-time distribution of supply and demand of the bus station from point to surface according to two modes of the bus station and the area, and marks the bus GIS with different colors according to different index grading degrees.
6. The GIS-based calculation and release method for the bus station supply and demand index system according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when v isz/fd∈[0,0.5]Marking red; when v isz/fd∈[0.5,0.9]Marking yellow; when v isz/fd∈[0.9,1.1]Marking blue; when v isz/fd∈[1.1,1.5]Marking green; when v isz/fd∈[1.5,+∝]And marked purple.
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