CN113570104A - Basin water ecological function zoning method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a basin water ecological function partitioning method, which is characterized in that sub-basins are partitioned based on target basin DEM data and are used as basic units of partitioning; selecting proper characterization indexes according to water ecological functions of different levels, performing sequencing analysis between driving factors influencing the functions of the watershed water ecological system and the characterization indexes, and identifying dominant influence factors influencing the characterization indexes on different scales; performing cluster analysis based on the selected characterization indexes, and defining the optimal partition of each attribute by using goodness-of-fit index analysis; performing secondary clustering analysis by combining the dominant influence factors of the characterization indexes according to a region conjugation principle, and adjusting the sub-basin attribution with inconsistent partition image layers to complete the water ecological function partition sketch; and based on data collection, performing partition verification, finally determining the boundary of the water ecological function partition, and making a basin water ecological function partition map. The invention can form an optimal water ecological function partition and provide decision support for management of a drainage basin ecosystem.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection and comprehensive utilization of resources, relates to a water ecological function partitioning technology, and particularly relates to a watershed water ecological function partitioning method.
Background
The fresh water ecosystem such as rivers and lakes is the basis of human society, culture and economic welfare, and the protection of the fresh water ecosystem of rivers and lakes has important significance for the sustainable development of the ecosystem ecology. In recent years, with the rapid expansion of town scale, human activities have had a variety of effects on the ecosystem, one important aspect being that high intensity interfering activities cause the watershed water ecosystem to exhibit a degrading tendency. From the aspect of ecological management, the watershed water ecological function partition can provide scientific basis for protecting the watershed ecological environment, maintaining the health of aquatic organisms and the habitat thereof, reasonably developing and utilizing water resources, realizing water pollution control, treatment and prevention, water ecological management targets, formulating measure schemes and the like, and further provide important support for comprehensive protection and restoration of the watershed water ecological system.
The water ecological function partition is the land ecosystem partition aiming at the characteristics of the water ecosystem, provides an ecological background and a basic unit for the watershed water ecological management, and is also a scientific basis and an important basis for carrying out the watershed ecological management. There have been many successful cases of partitioning and managing watershed water ecological functions internationally in the united states, european union, australia, and so on. Wherein, the water ecological function subarea of the United states is divided into four grades according to land utilization, landform type, potential vegetation and soil type; the water ecological function partition of the European Union is mainly based on the heterogeneous characteristics of terrain, biology and ecological elements, and the water ecosystem is researched from top to bottom according to a hierarchical framework; the water ecosystem of australia is a division of water ecology taking into account the effects of climate (cyclic variations and rainfall), geography (elevation and terrain), and vegetation (structure and composition) factors on the water ecosystem. China starts water body zoning related research from the 50 th of the 20 th century, but water ecological function zoning related research is really developed until the beginning of the 21 st century. In recent years, researchers of relevant scholars continue to explore water ecological function partitioning methods, but the researches are still in the beginning stage.
The urgent requirements of protection and restoration of the watershed water ecosystem in China are considered, the method is used for realizing water environment treatment and management of 'zoning, classification, grading and staging' of a key watershed, developing further research on water ecological function zoning, and optimizing zoning indexes and the scientificity of function zoning.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a watershed water ecological function partitioning method, which is characterized in that on the basis of comprehensively considering different levels of water ecological function partitioning targets, proper characterization indexes are selected to be partitioned by combining cluster analysis, typical correlation analysis (CCA) and goodness-of-fit index analysis, further the cluster analysis is performed by combining internal natural geographic driving factors of different characterization indexes, and optimal water ecological function partitions are formed through verification and optimization, so that decision support is provided for watershed ecological system management.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a watershed water ecological function partitioning method is characterized in that sub-watersheds are divided based on target watershed DEM data and serve as basic units of partitioning; selecting proper characterization indexes according to water ecological functions of different levels, performing sequencing analysis between driving factors influencing the functions of the watershed water ecological system and the characterization indexes, and identifying dominant influence factors influencing the characterization indexes on different scales; performing cluster analysis based on the selected characterization indexes, and defining the optimal partition of each attribute by using goodness-of-fit index analysis; performing secondary clustering analysis by combining the dominant influence factors of the characterization indexes according to a region conjugation principle, and adjusting the sub-basin attribution with inconsistent partition image layers to complete the water ecological function partition sketch; and based on data collection, performing partition verification, finally determining the boundary of the water ecological function partition, and making a basin water ecological function partition map.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the DEM data is used for dividing small watersheds and used as basic units of water ecological function partitions of different levels, such as: the primary subarea uses a second-level river in the drainage basin as a dividing basis, and the secondary subarea uses a third-level river in the drainage basin as a dividing basis;
(2) and selecting proper partition indexes according to the water ecological function partition targets of different levels. If the water ecological function primary partition reflecting the heterogeneity of the spatial distribution characteristics of the water resource, selecting runoff depth, surface water capacity, water network density and the like as partition indexes; the method comprises the following steps of (1) reflecting the health difference of a watershed water ecosystem in a water ecological function secondary partition, and selecting river channel morphology, soil erosion modulus and fish IBI indexes as characterization indexes to partition;
(3) sequencing analysis is carried out between the driving factors and the characterization indexes which influence the functions of the watershed water ecosystem, and leading factors which influence the characterization indexes under different scales are identified;
(4) based on the partition basic units with different function levels, ISODATA cluster analysis is carried out aiming at the characteristic index factors obtained by screening;
(5) defining an optimal partition for each attribute using goodness-of-fit index analysis;
(6) performing secondary clustering analysis on the dominant natural geographic elements identified by climate, terrain and the like according to principles such as region conjugation, and adjusting the attribution of sub-watersheds with inconsistent partition layers to complete partitioning;
(7) based on data collection, partition verification (such as wetland type proportion, wetland plants, fish district system and the like) is carried out, and related analysis is carried out on the clustering result and the partition result.
(8) Finally, determining the boundary of the water ecological function subarea and making a watershed water ecological function subarea graph.
The water ecological function partition method mainly aims at performing water ecological function partition on a large-scale basin. The method can be developed to carry out multi-stage partition based on the aim of partitioning different water ecological functions. If the watershed water ecological function is divided into two grades, the representation indexes are selected according to different water ecological function zone targets, the target watershed primary function is further divided, and the water ecological function secondary zone is divided on the basis of the primary zone; other levels of functional partitioning and so on.
According to the water ecological function partition method, when partition index natural geographical driving factor screening is carried out, proper characterization indexes are selected according to water ecological function partition targets of different levels. If the first-level partition reflects heterogeneity of spatial distribution characteristics of water resources, the alternative indexes of the driving factors at least comprise climate, terrain, soil, hydrogeology, vegetation and the like; the secondary subareas reflect the spatial heterogeneity of the ecological characteristics of the biological habitat, and the alternative indexes at least comprise weather, terrain, soil, land cover and habitat indexes.
According to the method, data of target watershed fishes and benthonic animal groups are collected through whole watershed ecological investigation, the Jaccard similarity index is used for inspection, and the reliability of different levels of ecological function partition results is judged based on replacement inspection analysis.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the river basin water ecological function zoning method realizes reasonable function zoning of the river basin according to water ecological function targets of different levels, thereby providing basic units and important basis for river basin water ecological management; according to the water ecological function partitioning method, the functions are partitioned according to different characterization indexes, the partitioning optimization is carried out through the natural geographic driving factors of the partitioning indexes, the replacement inspection is further carried out by combining drainage basin ecological survey data, and the science, the reasonability and the reliability of the water ecological function partitioning result are guaranteed; the data required by the watershed water ecological function partition method can be obtained by conventional modes such as investigation, data collection and the like, the technical path is clear, the method is simple and convenient, and smooth application and popularization of the method are ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method for partitioning the ecological functions of the watershed water.
Fig. 2A, 2B, and 2C are first-order zoning maps obtained according to spatial data of selected characterization indexes when the method of the present invention is used to divide a first-order zone of water ecological functions in the river basin, where the characterization index selected in fig. 2A is runoff depth, the characterization index selected in fig. 2B is surface water capacity, and the characterization index selected in fig. 2C is water network density.
Fig. 3A, 3B and 3C are secondary partition graphs obtained by selecting characterization index space data when the method of the present invention is used for dividing the secondary partition of the water ecological function of the Huaihe river basin, wherein fig. 3A is a curvature of a river channel, fig. 3B is a soil erosion modulus, and fig. 3C is a fish IBI index.
Fig. 4A and 4B are a primary sectional diagram and a secondary sectional diagram of the water ecological function of the Huaihe river basin divided by the method of the invention respectively.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail by the following embodiments, but it should be pointed out that the following embodiments are only used for describing the content of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention.
The invention is further described in detail by taking the Huaihe river basin as an example to divide the water ecological function into zones and mainly performing the water ecological function primary and secondary zones, and combining the attached drawings 1, 2, 3 and 4. The primary and secondary zoning method for the water ecological function of the Huaihe river basin mainly comprises the following steps of:
(1) the method comprises the steps of taking DEM data as original data, applying an ArcGIS hydrological module, dividing a small river basin (a first-stage partition takes a second-stage river in the river basin as a division basis, and a second-stage partition takes a third-stage river in the river basin) as a basic unit of the partition through space analysis processes such as depression-free DEM generation, confluence cumulant calculation, water flow length calculation, river network extraction, river basin division and the like.
(2) The purpose and the principle of a basin water ecological function two-stage division are determined:
the purpose of the first-level and second-level water ecological function partition is as follows: the first-level water ecological function partition reflects heterogeneity of water resource space distribution on a large scale by determining a hydrological water resource function as a partition target, specifically reflects regional difference of large-scale habitats under the same aquatic organism district system, and fully reflects difference characteristics of fish biodiversity for the first-level water ecological function partition of the Huaihe river basin; the secondary water ecological function partition reflects the spatial heterogeneity of the ecological characteristics of the biological habitat by determining the function of the biological habitat as a partition target;
a first-level water ecological function partitioning principle: the method mainly comprises a genesis principle, a conjugation principle, a similarity and difference principle, an integrity principle, an ecosystem grading principle, a multi-scale principle, a sustainable development and prospective principle, a practical and feasible principle and a management combination principle. The method is characterized in that a genesis principle, a conjugation principle, a grading principle, a multi-scale principle and the like are mainly determined by the characteristics of a basin, and the method aims at solving the zoning problem and is a fundamental principle of water ecological function zoning; the regional differentiation principle, the integrity principle, the similarity and the difference principle are determined by the regional differentiation and the integrity of the regional unit, and the regional boundary is determined.
(3) Based on the purpose and principle of the zones, proper zone representation indexes and natural geographic driving factors are selected according to the requirements of different levels of water ecological function zones, so that a water ecological function primary-secondary zone index system of the Huaihe river basin is established, as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Huaihe river basin water ecological function one-level and two-level zoning index system
(4) And (3) based on data results collected by data collection, ecological investigation and the like, carrying out spatial dispersion on all index data in the step (3) based on the partition basic units by utilizing a GIS spatial analysis technical method to form a partition representation index and driving factor spatial distribution map based on the partition basic units. The primary partition uses a secondary sub-basin as a basic unit, and the secondary partition uses a tertiary sub-basin as a basic unit.
(5) Sequencing analysis is carried out between the driving factors and the characterization indexes which influence the functions of the watershed water ecosystem, and the leading factors which influence the characterization indexes on different scales are identified. In the primary subarea, the indexes such as climate (average air temperature over years, average precipitation over years), terrain (average elevation and height difference), soil (saturated water capacity), hydrogeology (permeability coefficient), vegetation (average NDVI index over years) and the indexes are respectively subjected to CCA analysis, and the dominant influence factor of each index is found out. In the secondary subarea, typical correlation analysis (CCA) is respectively carried out on climate (average air temperature of many years, average precipitation of many years, average sunshine hours of many years, average accumulated temperature of more than 10 ℃ of many years), terrain (average elevation, elevation difference, surface roughness, surface relief degree, terrain cutting depth, gradient and slope length), soil (soil erosion factor), land coverage (land utilization intensity) and vegetation (average NDVI index of many years) as driving factors and characterization indexes to find out a leading influence factor of each characterization index.
(6) Respectively carrying out spatial standardization and non-dimensionalization on the characterization indexes of different levels in the step (3), wherein the goal of the spatial standardization is to enable all index layers to have uniform pixel size; and then, fusing three partition indexes of different levels respectively serving as three wave bands by using ENVI software, sequentially clustering the three partition indexes into 2-9 classes by using an ISODATA fuzzy clustering method, further performing clustering inspection by using goodness-of-fit index analysis, and identifying an optimal clustering result to obtain a preliminary water ecological function partition.
(7) Based on the principles of region conjugation and the like, according to the identified dominant influence factor of the characterization index, the inconsistent sub-basin attribution of each partition map layer is adjusted (ISODATA clustering-secondary clustering of the dominant influence factor) to complete partitioning.
(8) When the water ecological function partition is carried out according to the steps (5), (6) and (7), according to the selected partition index, the basin water ecological function primary partition is firstly carried out, and the water ecological function secondary partition is carried out in the divided primary partition.
(9) In order to verify the scientificity and rationality of the water ecological function zoning result, quantitative inspection is carried out based on the Jaccard similarity index, and the difference significance among different zones is analyzed. The first-level water ecological function subarea adopts fish group indexes for verification, and the second-level water ecological function subarea adopts benthonic animal indexes for verification and analysis.
(10) Determining a subsequent work flow based on the analysis result of the step (9), if the partition result is unreasonable, returning to the step (6) to optimize and correct the water ecological function partition, and performing cluster analysis and partition inspection again until the partition result is scientific and reasonable; and if the partition results are reasonable, naming and drawing the water ecological function partitions in the Huaihe river basin. The result of the partition verification of the first-grade and second-grade water ecological functions of the Huaihe river basin shows that obvious differences exist between every two areas in partition results of different levels, which shows that the result of the partition of the first-grade and second-grade water ecological functions of the Huaihe river basin partitioned by the method is reasonable and credible.
(11) And naming and drawing the water ecological functions of the Huaihe river basin in a partitioned mode based on scientific water ecological function partition results. The first-level water ecological functional area is named in a naming mode of 'basin or area name + hydrological type (or river type, namely mountain river, plain river) + water ecological first-level area'. The river basin is composed of two independent water systems, namely a river water system and a Yihe water system, and the water system characteristics and the orientation are reflected during naming; the hydrologic type combined region characteristics are divided into 4 types of water-rich region, water-poor region and water-deficient region. The water ecological function first-level subareas of the Huaihe river basin comprise a Huainan rich water ecological first-level district (figure 4A, D-I), a Huazhong little water ecological first-level district (figure 4A, D-II), a Huaidong rich water ecological first-level district (figure 4A, D-III), a Yimu xi water shortage ecological first-level district (figure 4A, D-IV) and a Yimu Dong little water ecological first-level district (figure 4A, D-V). The second-level water ecological functional area is named by referring to the naming mode of the first-level water ecological functional area and combining the characteristics of different second-level water ecological functional areas.
The method divides the water ecological function one-level and two-level subareas of the Huaihe river basin, determines the purpose of the water ecological function one-level and two-level subareas of the river basin on the basis of comprehensively developing the ecological investigation, analyzing literature data and related zoning schemes, takes the principle of occurrence chemistry, conjugation, similarity and difference, the principle of integrity, the principle of ecosystem grade, the principle of multi-scale, the principle of sustainable development and foresight, the principle of practicability and the principle of combination with management to fully reflect the spatial differentiation rule of the river basin water ecological system as a core target, selects proper representation indexes according to the water ecological functions of different levels, performs primary water ecological function subareas by the spatial analysis technologies such as GIS spatial standardization analysis, cluster analysis and the like, identifies natural geographic driving factors of the representation indexes by typical correlation analysis, and combines the dominant natural geographic driving factors to optimize the water ecological function subareas, and carrying out partition verification by combining with ecological survey data to obtain the boundary of the primary and secondary water ecological functions of the Huaihe river basin, wherein the Huaihe river basin is divided into 5 primary water ecological functional areas (shown in figure 4A) and 16 secondary water ecological functional areas (shown in figure 4B).
Claims (8)
1. A watershed water ecological function zoning method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) dividing sub-watersheds based on the target watershed digital elevation model DEM data to serve as basic units of subareas;
(2) selecting proper characterization indexes according to water ecological function partition targets of different levels;
(3) sequencing analysis is carried out between the driving factors and the characterization indexes which influence the functions of the watershed water ecosystem, and leading influence factors which influence the characterization indexes on different scales are identified;
(4) based on the partition basic units with different function levels, performing cluster analysis on the screened characterization indexes;
(5) defining an optimal partition for each attribute using goodness-of-fit index analysis;
(6) performing secondary clustering analysis by combining the dominant influence factors of the characterization indexes according to a region conjugation principle, and adjusting the sub-basin attribution with inconsistent partition image layers to complete the water ecological function partition sketch;
(7) performing partition verification based on data collection;
(8) finally, determining the boundary of the water ecological function subarea and making a watershed water ecological function subarea graph.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), if the primary water ecological function partition targets to reflect the heterogeneity of water resource spatial distribution characteristics, the runoff depth, the surface water volume, the water network density and the like are selected as partition indexes; and if the water ecological function secondary partition aims at reflecting the health difference of the watershed water ecological system, selecting river channel morphology, soil erosion modulus and fish IBI indexes as characterization indexes to partition.
3. The watershed water ecological function partitioning method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), an iterative self-organizing data analysis algorithm (ISODATA algorithm) is adopted for clustering analysis.
4. The watershed water ecological function partitioning method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (6), secondary clustering analysis is performed on the dominant natural geographic elements identified by climate and terrain.
5. The watershed water ecological function partitioning method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (7), the partition verification comprises verification of wetland type ratio, wetland plants, fish system and the like, and correlation analysis is performed on the clustering result and the partition result.
6. The watershed water ecological function partitioning method according to claim 1, wherein:
the water ecological function secondary area is divided on the basis of the primary subarea, and the other subarea levels are analogized in the same way.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein when the primary zoning objective is heterogeneity reflecting water resource spatial distribution characteristics, the candidate indexes at least comprise climate, terrain, soil, hydrogeology and vegetation; when the secondary subarea target is the spatial heterogeneity reflecting the ecological characteristics of the biological habitat, the alternative indexes at least comprise weather, terrain, soil, land coverage and habitat indexes; and determining other candidate indexes of each level of partition according to the target of each level of partition.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step (7), the data of the target watershed fishes and benthic animal groups are collected through a watershed ecological survey, and the results are tested by using a Jaccard similarity index (Jaccard similarity index), and the reliability of the results of the different levels of ecological function zoning is judged based on the replacement test analysis.
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| CN116681214A (en) * | 2023-07-26 | 2023-09-01 | 四川省生态环境科学研究院 | Method for selecting and constructing ecological reference points of disturbed wading river water |
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| CN117807510A (en) * | 2024-02-29 | 2024-04-02 | 中国一冶集团有限公司 | River network dynamic partitioning method and system combining multi-source data processing |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114626771A (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-06-14 | 中山大学 | Urban area water ecological state reactor construction method and device and reactor |
| CN116681214A (en) * | 2023-07-26 | 2023-09-01 | 四川省生态环境科学研究院 | Method for selecting and constructing ecological reference points of disturbed wading river water |
| CN116681214B (en) * | 2023-07-26 | 2023-10-31 | 四川省生态环境科学研究院 | Method for selecting and constructing ecological reference points of disturbed wading river water |
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Application publication date: 20211029 |