CN113567352A - Ocean oil spill detection method and device based on polarized hemispherical airspace irradiation - Google Patents
Ocean oil spill detection method and device based on polarized hemispherical airspace irradiation Download PDFInfo
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- CN113567352A CN113567352A CN202110939751.XA CN202110939751A CN113567352A CN 113567352 A CN113567352 A CN 113567352A CN 202110939751 A CN202110939751 A CN 202110939751A CN 113567352 A CN113567352 A CN 113567352A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/21—Polarisation-affecting properties
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/55—Specular reflectivity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
- G01N2021/4792—Polarisation of scatter light
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- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for detecting ocean oil spill based on polarized hemispherical airspace irradiation. Wherein, the method comprises the following steps: acquiring preset condition data; selecting ocean oil spill detection configuration according to the preset condition data; transmitting the data acquired by the ocean oil spill detection configuration to an ocean polarizer to generate ocean oil spill data; and outputting the ocean oil spill data. The invention solves the technical problems that in the prior art, the ocean oil spill detection cannot remove the influence of sky radiation in sea surface reflection, sky light reflected by the sea surface or an oil film has the characteristic of the oil film, and scattered light from the ocean oil film is little, so that the scattered oil spill detection precision is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ocean optical characteristic testing, in particular to a method and a device for detecting ocean oil spill based on polarized hemispherical airspace irradiation.
Background
Along with the continuous development of intelligent science and technology, people use intelligent equipment more and more among life, work, the study, use intelligent science and technology means, improved the quality of people's life, increased the efficiency of people's study and work.
The important thing in the detection of ocean oil spill is to remove the influence of sky radiation in sea surface reflection and only obtain ocean scattered light. The skylight reflected by the sea surface or the oil film has the characteristic of the oil film, and the scattered light from the ocean oil film is little, so the spilled oil detection precision by adopting the traditional scattering method is very low. In addition, the radiation values of the sun and the sky are different under different seasons, time periods and weather conditions, and the values finally reflected to the detector are different after different wave heights, observation directions and observation distances. Intuitively, when the sun is over against, a large amount of flare spots exist in ocean detection, and oil spill detection is seriously influenced.
Polarization is another dimensional parameter in optics that can provide information that conventional intensity, spectra, etc. cannot provide. The polarization can reflect the change of sea surface wave patterns, the physical and chemical properties of oil spilling and seawater, and is very sensitive to environmental light. In oil spill detection, firstly, meteorological conditions, polarization changes along with changes of the sun, cloud layers, angles and the like; secondly, the sea wave conditions are changed due to the changes of the sea waves at different moments, different wind intensities and the like; in addition, the attitude, distance, field of view, etc. of the polarization detector may also affect the detection result. In order to accurately detect the marine surface objects under complex weather and sea wave conditions, the polarized radiation values of the sun and the sky, and the polarized reflection or the water leaving radiation values of different seawater or oil films are required. The application designs a hemispherical airspace polarization state detection device, a sea surface polarization imaging device and an off-water and near-mirror polarization algorithm, and can realize the inversion of a high-precision marine oil film under a complex condition.
In view of the above problems, no effective solution has been proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for detecting marine spilled oil based on polarized hemispherical airspace irradiation, which at least solve the technical problems that in the prior art, the influence of sky radiation in sea surface reflection cannot be removed in marine spilled oil detection, skylight reflected by the sea surface or an oil film has the characteristic of the oil film, and scattered light from the marine oil film is little, so that the scattered spilled oil detection precision is low.
According to an aspect of the embodiment of the invention, a method for detecting ocean oil spill based on polarized hemispherical airspace irradiation is provided, which includes: acquiring preset condition data; selecting ocean oil spill detection configuration according to the preset condition data; transmitting the data acquired by the ocean oil spill detection configuration to an ocean polarizer to generate ocean oil spill data; and outputting the ocean oil spill data.
Optionally, the preset condition data includes: meteorological conditions, test purposes, test conditions.
Optionally, the marine oil spill detection arrangement comprises: sky radiation software, a sky photometer and a sky polarizer.
Optionally, the selecting the marine oil spill detection configuration according to the preset condition data includes: when the preset condition data meet a first condition, selecting the sky radiation software; when the preset condition data meets a second condition, selecting the sky photometer; and when the preset condition data meets a third condition, selecting the sky polarizer.
According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is also provided a device for detecting marine oil spill based on polarized hemispherical airspace irradiation, including: the acquisition module is used for acquiring preset condition data; the selection module is used for selecting ocean oil spill detection configuration according to the preset condition data; the generating module is used for transmitting the data acquired by the ocean oil spill detection configuration to an ocean polarizer to generate ocean oil spill data; and the output module is used for outputting the ocean oil spill data.
Optionally, the preset condition data includes: meteorological conditions, test purposes, test conditions.
Optionally, the marine oil spill detection arrangement comprises: sky radiation software, a sky photometer and a sky polarizer.
Optionally, the selecting module includes: a first selecting unit, configured to select the sky radiation software when the preset condition data satisfies a first condition; a second selecting unit configured to select the sky photometer when the preset condition data satisfies a second condition; and the third selection unit is used for selecting the sky polarizer when the preset condition data meets a third condition.
According to another aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, there is also provided a non-volatile storage medium, which includes a stored program, wherein the program controls a device in which the non-volatile storage medium is located when running to perform a method for detecting marine oil spill based on polarized hemispherical airspace irradiation.
According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is also provided an electronic device, including a processor and a memory; the memory is stored with computer readable instructions, and the processor is used for executing the computer readable instructions, wherein the computer readable instructions are executed to execute a method for detecting marine oil spill based on polarized hemispherical airspace irradiation.
In the embodiment of the invention, the preset condition data is obtained; selecting ocean oil spill detection configuration according to the preset condition data; transmitting the data acquired by the ocean oil spill detection configuration to an ocean polarizer to generate ocean oil spill data; the method for outputting the ocean oil spill data solves the technical problems that in the prior art, the ocean oil spill detection cannot remove the influence of sky radiation in sea surface reflection, sky light reflected by the sea surface or an oil film has the characteristic of the oil film, and scattered light from the ocean oil film is little, so that the scattered oil spill detection precision is low.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for detecting marine oil spill based on polarized hemispherical airspace irradiation according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of a structure of a marine oil spill detection device based on polarized hemispherical airspace irradiation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method embodiment of a method for detecting marine oil spill based on polarized hemispherical airspace illumination, it is noted that the steps illustrated in the flowchart of the drawings may be performed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions, and that while a logical order is illustrated in the flowchart, in some cases the steps illustrated or described may be performed in an order different than here.
Example one
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for detecting marine oil spill based on polarized hemispherical airspace irradiation, as shown in fig. 1, the method includes the following steps:
step S102, preset condition data is obtained.
And step S104, selecting ocean oil spill detection configuration according to the preset condition data.
And S106, transmitting the data acquired by the ocean oil spill detection configuration to an ocean polarizer to generate ocean oil spill data.
And step S108, outputting the ocean oil spill data.
Optionally, the preset condition data includes: meteorological conditions, test purposes, test conditions.
Optionally, the marine oil spill detection arrangement comprises: sky radiation software, a sky photometer and a sky polarizer.
Optionally, the selecting the marine oil spill detection configuration according to the preset condition data includes: when the preset condition data meet a first condition, selecting the sky radiation software; when the preset condition data meets a second condition, selecting the sky photometer; and when the preset condition data meets a third condition, selecting the sky polarizer.
The technical purpose of the embodiment of the invention is to obtain the reflection of the sea surface and the dispersion of the ocean and improve the oil spill test precision. Therefore, in order to achieve the above object, in the embodiments of the present invention, according to preset condition data, that is, different weather conditions, time and accuracy requirements, hemispherical airspace radiation characteristic software, a skylight and a sky polarizer may be respectively adopted to collect parameter data for detecting marine oil spill, and according to the distribution of polarized sky light, the curvature of marine waves and the parameters of a marine polarization camera, the reflection of the sea surface and the scattering of the sea are obtained, so as to obtain the parameters of marine oil spill. The hemispherical airspace radiation characteristic software, the sky photometer and the sky polarizer can comprise the following components:
(1) sky radiation software, according to site information, such as precision, dimensionality, elevation; observing information such as time, and obtaining the solar zenith angle and azimuth angle; the band setting can set an independent band and can also set a band range; aerosol optical thickness, Angstorm index, or visibility, weather type; albedo, aerosol type, etc. of the surface, a polarization map I, Q, U, and DOLP, AOP, can be generated.
It should be noted that sky radiation software includes scattering calculation and vector radiation transmission calculation. And (3) scattering calculation: inputting different aerosol particle microscopic characteristic parameters including aerosol particle complex refractive index real part and imaginary part, radius, shape, particle size spectrum distribution and particle shape spectrum distribution into a scattering calculation module to obtain optical characteristic parameters including extinction efficiency factor, scattering efficiency factor, single scattering albedo, scattering phase function matrix and phase function expansion coefficient. Wherein the spherical particles are calculated by Mie scattering; the non-spherical particles with smaller scale parameters adopt T matrixes; and (3) the non-spherical particles with larger scale parameters are approximately calculated by adopting an improved geometric optics method IGOM. Vector radiation transmission simulation: and (3) performing simulation calculation by adopting a high-resolution vector radiation transmission model SCIATRAN, wherein the method is a discrete coordinate method. The method can be well connected with Mie scattering, a T matrix module and the like in the aspect of aerosol simulation, can change parameters such as particle optical thickness, single scattering albedo, asymmetric factors, extinction coefficients and the like, can also directly input the expansion coefficient of a scattering phase matrix, and fully meets the requirement of simulating the influence of different aerosols on the polarization angle of the sky light. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: atmospheric radiation intensity, a weight function, atmospheric quality, column content and radiation flux can be simulated and calculated; the vertical profile of the trace gas and the cloud top height can be inverted; and (6) discrete height correction. The range of the covered wave band ranges from ultraviolet to thermal infrared wave bands. Simulations at arbitrary observation geometries and sensor positions can be performed. The earth surface is a lambertian body with reflectivity changing with wavelength, and can also be a double reflector.
(2) A skylight photometer comprises a skylight photometer optical system, a mechanical system and a control system, wherein the skylight photometer optical system consists of a polarizer group, a spectral lens group and a detector component, and the mechanical system consists of a sleeve, a stepping motor, an azimuth arm, a pitching arm and a base. The sky photometer is by ultraviolet, visible light, three wave bands 9 wavelength altogether on the near-infrared, three group's polarization angle of three wave bands 9 angle's slide altogether, every wavelength and wave plate are installed on two runners, and the detector is installed in the long bucket and is prevented disturbing, and every motion can be according to the sun position around position, every single move, every pitch direction motion, also can aim at the sea and measure.
The photometer sleeve mainly comprises a filter wheel, a linear polarization wheel and a detector set, the sleeve is formed by overlapping the three parts, the length of the sleeve is about 0.5m, the upper fastening port and the lower fastening port are respectively provided with a sun aiming hole, and the diameter of the sleeve is about 0.3 mm. The filter wheel consists of ultraviolet 340nm, 380nm and 412nm glass slides, visible light 440nm, 550nm and 670nm glass slides, near infrared 937nm, 1024nm and 1640nm glass slides, the stepping motor drives the glass slides to rotate in every three groups, and after one group of glass slides are rotated, the glass slides return to the original angle positions, and the Hall sensor and the contact sensor are used as the standard. The linear polarization wheel is divided into three types of ultraviolet light, visible light and infrared light, each type is divided into 9 types of 0 degree, 60 degrees and 120 degrees, the three types of linear polarization plates correspond to filters of three wave bands, the rotation modes of the stepping motors are the same, and the position sensor is used as the standard. The detector group consists of ultraviolet light, visible light and near infrared light, is consistent with the filter wheel and the linear polarization wheel, all data are linked by RS232, and a power supply and a data wire are led out from the bottom of the sleeve.
It should also be noted that after adjusting the level of the photometer, the system self-checks and the gain required by the data is divided into three parts: sun, glow, sky. The gain and measurement range of the sun is 0 degree to +/-1.5 degrees, the gain and measurement range of the glow is +/-2 degrees to +/-6 degrees, the gain and measurement range of the sky is 8 degrees to +/-80 degrees, and the maximum zenith angle is +/-80 degrees. The azimuth and the pitch value of the sun of the photometer are determined three times. Step one, measuring a pitch value: measuring the value of the sun by 0 degrees, adjusting the zenith angle to be +80 degrees, setting the sky gain and measuring; gradually adjusting the pitch angle of the glow to +6 to +2 degrees, setting the glow gain and measuring; adjusting the pitch angle of the sun to be +1.5 degrees to-1.5 degrees, setting the sun gain and measuring; adjusting the pitch angle of the glow to-2 to-6 degrees, setting the glow gain and measuring; gradually adjusting the zenith angle to-80 degrees, setting sky gain and measuring; finally, the value of the sun was measured at 0 °. Secondly, measuring a weft flattening value: and (4) according with the pitch value, not performing glow measurement until the rotating wheel is switched. According to the requirement of wave inversion, the points of measuring spectrum, pitching and flat latitude can be increased or decreased, and the ocean measurement can be aligned.
(3) The sky polarizer comprises a large-view-field lens, a polarization CCD, a sun shielding buckle, an azimuth axis, a pitching axis, a stepping motor, an RS232 data line and the like. The large-view-field lens is a 180-degree hemispherical airspace lens, the polarization CCD is a focal plane array, the large-view-field lens is combined with the polarization CCD, and the actual view field is 150 degrees in consideration of the perspective of a low elevation angle. The sun shelters from the buckle and installs in polarization CCD outside sleeve department, and the shielding plate is apart from big visual field camera lens about 25cm, and the baffle becomes circular about 3cm, at data guide's step motor, carries out the motion of "O" type position and "U" angle of pitch, shelters from the sun.
It should be noted that the sun shielding device of the sky polarizer is composed of a shielding buckle, an azimuth axis, an azimuth motor, a pitching axis, a pitching motor, a baffle plate and an RS232 data interface. The shielding buckle is arranged at the bottom of the sky polarization camera and fixedly connected with the base; the azimuth shaft is driven by the azimuth motor to perform O motion, and the pitching shaft is driven by the pitching motor to perform U motion. The top baffle is rounded and the data is linked by RS 232. Firstly, the sky polarizer modulates the level through a level meter; and if the requirement cannot be met, adjusting the lens aperture to be medium and the integration time to be minimum, gradually increasing, recording images, recording longitude and latitude, elevation and time, and recording the position of the sun. The azimuth axis of the sun shade is then orthogonal to the azimuth axis of the sun, with the pitch axis being aligned with the sun. And (3) adjusting the aperture of the lens to be medium, adjusting the integral time to be minimum, gradually increasing, if the aperture cannot be met, adjusting the aperture to be maximum, adjusting the integral time to be minimum, gradually increasing, recording an image, recording longitude and latitude, elevation and time, and recording the position of the sun. And finally, the pitching shaft of the sun shielding device is retracted, an image is recorded, longitude and latitude, elevation and time are recorded, and the position of the sun is recorded to wait for the next measurement. The gain generated by the aperture of the lens and the integration time of the CCD is basically linear, and a certain margin is reserved for the aperture and the integration time in order to reduce the difficulty of field irradiation dynamic test. The image obtained by the polarization CCD consists of 3 images, the first image mainly records the radiation of the sun, the second image mainly records the radiation of the sky, and the third image mainly records the radiation without the sun shielding device. The distortion is corrected as follows: taking 5 points (including 7 points from head to tail) by optical design software or a calibration chart, converting the field of view of 0.2, 0.35, 0.5, 0.707 and 0.85 into 0 degree to +/-75 degrees, and obtaining the degree of density of the image, which is expressed by degree/degree; and (4) rearranging the CCD sampled images by adopting secondary spline interpolation to obtain an original sky image.
In addition, after acquiring relevant acquired data of hemispherical airspace radiation characteristic software, a sky photometer and a sky polarizer, the embodiment of the invention needs to input the acquired data into an ocean polarizer, wherein the ocean polarizer in the embodiment of the invention consists of a lens, a polarization CCD, a distance measuring machine and a north finder, the lens is selected according to the field of view of a shore base or an airborne machine, and the shore base is generally larger than the airborne machine; the polarization CCD usually selects a focal plane type, so that errors caused by step-by-step imaging of the time-sharing CCD are prevented; the distance measuring machine is parallel to the field of view of the polarization camera, is positioned in the center of the field of view, measures the distance at intervals of 10min generally, and can perform manual compensation measurement if an observed object moves or an airborne platform moves greatly; the north finder is used for providing azimuth angles and pitch angles of the whole system. For example, when the camera receives an external trigger, the north seeker and the range finder are uploaded to the computer through the RS 232. Firstly, the marine polarizer rotates according to a north seeker to obtain a Mueller matrix Ms under a standard global coordinate system, namely the marine polarizer looks orthographically under a zenith coordinate system; then, converting the global coordinate system into a local variable Mal, and changing the local variable Mal into incident light under a sea surface coordinate system so as to multiply the pBRDF by the MBRDF; and finally, restoring to a global coordinate system and multiplying by Mao. All expressions are as follows:
the global and local coordinate systems are transformed as follows:
the incident or emergent rotation angle is:
wherein, for each pixel, reflecting the brightness is the change of α. The change of different pixels is determined by the field of view of the camera, the value of the range finder, and the azimuth and elevation values of the north seeker. When the reflectivity of the sea waves changes and is equivalent to an oil film, the sea waves can be seen from the I image; or from a comparison of multiple images.
Therefore, when selecting the hemispherical airspace radiation characteristic software, the skylight and the sky polarizer, the adopted configurations and combinations are different according to meteorological conditions, test purposes, test conditions and the like:
in the first case, when weather is good and basically cloudless, or when flying dust or sand dust exists and the ocean oil spill detection precision is not high, the sky radiation calculation software can be used. Q, U images of the sun and the sky can be obtained by inputting relevant parameters of station address information, time information, working wave bands and aerosol and are provided for the ocean polarizer.
In the second case, the weather is still, the change is not large in short time, or the position is fixed and the monitoring is carried out for a long time, the order of ocean wave surface turning is not high, the sea wave is gentle, and the sky photometer can be used. The sky photometer utilizes the linear polarization of 3 wavelengths, 0 degrees, 60 degrees and 120 degrees in ultraviolet, visible light and infrared rays, obtains Q, U images of a hemispherical airspace through the scanning of sun, glow and sky, and provides the images for the ocean polarizer.
In the third case, when the wave band requirement is not much, the meteorological condition is complex, and the sea surface wave surface turning ratio is high, the sky polarizer can be used. The sky polarizer samples three images for each image: deleting pixels by utilizing the position of a baffle plate in the sun shielding device and a polarization diagram; complementing the image with the absence of solar blocking radiation, providing it to said marine polarizer.
The sky polarizer firstly determines the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the ocean by using a north finder and corrects and calibrates the reflected light direction of each pixel by using a distance meter, the azimuth angle and the pitch angle; each pixel contains the inclination angle of the sea surface, the inclination angle can be calculated by utilizing an Q, U diagram of a hemispherical airspace, and the sea surface reflectivity and the different or multiple reflection rules are combined to obtain the sea oil spill rule.
The technical effects of the embodiment of the invention are as follows: (1) compared with the traditional marine imaging device, the device and the method for detecting the marine oil spill based on the sky radiation have the advantages that the sun and the sky are measured more accurately, particularly, for a dynamic sea surface, the current local sea surface inclination angle is obtained by adopting an image index of Q, U in polarization, and accordingly, the sea surface reflection and the sea scattering, and the polarization quantity in the reflection and the scattering are calculated. (2) A Mie scattering, T scattering and IGOM computing method is adopted in scattering characteristics, SCIATRAN simulation computation is adopted in radiation transmission simulation, and polarization simulation computation with good weather can be realized. (3) The combined mode of the sleeve light path suitable for the ocean skylight, the mode of combining the three light paths, the scanning mode of the sky light path, the mode of sun positioning and sky common scanning and point-adjustable processing are provided. (4) The structure and the working mode of a sun shielding device of a sky polarizer are provided, wherein a sun mode, a shielding mode and a sky mode are integrated to obtain a complete hemisphere diagram; and a density correction method of the sky polarizer, which improves the position precision of polarization. (5) A method for correcting polarization of image variation caused by attitude variation of sea polarizer includes converting global variable of irradiation to local variable of sea surface, calculating reflection of irradiation and sea surface under local coordinate system, and converting it to global variable.
Through the embodiment, the technical problems that in the prior art, the influence of sky radiation in sea surface reflection cannot be removed in ocean oil spill detection, skylight reflected by the sea surface or an oil film has the characteristic of the oil film, and scattered light from the ocean oil film is little, so that the scattered oil spill detection precision is low are solved.
Example two
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a structure of an apparatus for detecting marine oil spill based on polarized hemispherical airspace irradiation, as shown in fig. 2, the apparatus includes:
the obtaining module 20 is configured to obtain preset condition data.
And the selection module 22 is used for selecting the ocean oil spill detection configuration according to the preset condition data.
And the generating module 24 is configured to transmit the data acquired by the marine oil spill detection configuration to a marine polarizer to generate marine oil spill data.
And the output module 26 is used for outputting the ocean oil spill data.
Optionally, the preset condition data includes: meteorological conditions, test purposes, test conditions.
Optionally, the marine oil spill detection arrangement comprises: sky radiation software, a sky photometer and a sky polarizer.
Optionally, the selecting module includes: a first selecting unit, configured to select the sky radiation software when the preset condition data satisfies a first condition; a second selecting unit configured to select the sky photometer when the preset condition data satisfies a second condition; and the third selection unit is used for selecting the sky polarizer when the preset condition data meets a third condition.
Specifically, the technical purpose of the embodiment of the invention is to obtain sea surface reflection and ocean dispersion and improve the oil spill test precision. Therefore, in order to achieve the above object, in the embodiments of the present invention, according to preset condition data, that is, different weather conditions, time and accuracy requirements, hemispherical airspace radiation characteristic software, a skylight and a sky polarizer may be respectively adopted to collect parameter data for detecting marine oil spill, and according to the distribution of polarized sky light, the curvature of marine waves and the parameters of a marine polarization camera, the reflection of the sea surface and the scattering of the sea are obtained, so as to obtain the parameters of marine oil spill. The hemispherical airspace radiation characteristic software, the sky photometer and the sky polarizer can comprise the following components:
(1) sky radiation software, according to site information, such as precision, dimensionality, elevation; observing information such as time, and obtaining the solar zenith angle and azimuth angle; the band setting can set an independent band and can also set a band range; aerosol optical thickness, Angstorm index, or visibility, weather type; albedo, aerosol type, etc. of the surface, a polarization map I, Q, U, and DOLP, AOP, can be generated.
It should be noted that sky radiation software includes scattering calculation and vector radiation transmission calculation. And (3) scattering calculation: inputting different aerosol particle microscopic characteristic parameters including aerosol particle complex refractive index real part and imaginary part, radius, shape, particle size spectrum distribution and particle shape spectrum distribution into a scattering calculation module to obtain optical characteristic parameters including extinction efficiency factor, scattering efficiency factor, single scattering albedo, scattering phase function matrix and phase function expansion coefficient. Wherein the spherical particles are calculated by Mie scattering; the non-spherical particles with smaller scale parameters adopt T matrixes; and (3) the non-spherical particles with larger scale parameters are approximately calculated by adopting an improved geometric optics method IGOM. Vector radiation transmission simulation: and (3) performing simulation calculation by adopting a high-resolution vector radiation transmission model SCIATRAN, wherein the method is a discrete coordinate method. The method can be well connected with Mie scattering, a T matrix module and the like in the aspect of aerosol simulation, can change parameters such as particle optical thickness, single scattering albedo, asymmetric factors, extinction coefficients and the like, can also directly input the expansion coefficient of a scattering phase matrix, and fully meets the requirement of simulating the influence of different aerosols on the polarization angle of the sky light. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: atmospheric radiation intensity, a weight function, atmospheric quality, column content and radiation flux can be simulated and calculated; the vertical profile of the trace gas and the cloud top height can be inverted; and (6) discrete height correction. The range of the covered wave band ranges from ultraviolet to thermal infrared wave bands. Simulations at arbitrary observation geometries and sensor positions can be performed. The earth surface is a lambertian body with reflectivity changing with wavelength, and can also be a double reflector.
(2) A skylight photometer comprises a skylight photometer optical system, a mechanical system and a control system, wherein the skylight photometer optical system consists of a polarizer group, a spectral lens group and a detector component, and the mechanical system consists of a sleeve, a stepping motor, an azimuth arm, a pitching arm and a base. The sky photometer is by ultraviolet, visible light, three wave bands 9 wavelength altogether on the near-infrared, three group's polarization angle of three wave bands 9 angle's slide altogether, every wavelength and wave plate are installed on two runners, and the detector is installed in the long bucket and is prevented disturbing, and every motion can be according to the sun position around position, every single move, every pitch direction motion, also can aim at the sea and measure.
The photometer sleeve mainly comprises a filter wheel, a linear polarization wheel and a detector set, the sleeve is formed by overlapping the three parts, the length of the sleeve is about 0.5m, the upper fastening port and the lower fastening port are respectively provided with a sun aiming hole, and the diameter of the sleeve is about 0.3 mm. The filter wheel consists of ultraviolet 340nm, 380nm and 412nm glass slides, visible light 440nm, 550nm and 670nm glass slides, near infrared 937nm, 1024nm and 1640nm glass slides, the stepping motor drives the glass slides to rotate in every three groups, and after one group of glass slides are rotated, the glass slides return to the original angle positions, and the Hall sensor and the contact sensor are used as the standard. The linear polarization wheel is divided into three types of ultraviolet light, visible light and infrared light, each type is divided into 9 types of 0 degree, 60 degrees and 120 degrees, the three types of linear polarization plates correspond to filters of three wave bands, the rotation modes of the stepping motors are the same, and the position sensor is used as the standard. The detector group consists of ultraviolet light, visible light and near infrared light, is consistent with the filter wheel and the linear polarization wheel, all data are linked by RS232, and a power supply and a data wire are led out from the bottom of the sleeve.
It should also be noted that after adjusting the level of the photometer, the system self-checks and the gain required by the data is divided into three parts: sun, glow, sky. The gain and measurement range of the sun is 0 degree to +/-1.5 degrees, the gain and measurement range of the glow is +/-2 degrees to +/-6 degrees, the gain and measurement range of the sky is 8 degrees to +/-80 degrees, and the maximum zenith angle is +/-80 degrees. The azimuth and the pitch value of the sun of the photometer are determined three times. Step one, measuring a pitch value: measuring the value of the sun by 0 degrees, adjusting the zenith angle to be +80 degrees, setting the sky gain and measuring; gradually adjusting the pitch angle of the glow to +6 to +2 degrees, setting the glow gain and measuring; adjusting the pitch angle of the sun to be +1.5 degrees to-1.5 degrees, setting the sun gain and measuring; adjusting the pitch angle of the glow to-2 to-6 degrees, setting the glow gain and measuring; gradually adjusting the zenith angle to-80 degrees, setting sky gain and measuring; finally, the value of the sun was measured at 0 °. Secondly, measuring a weft flattening value: and (4) according with the pitch value, not performing glow measurement until the rotating wheel is switched. According to the requirement of wave inversion, the points of measuring spectrum, pitching and flat latitude can be increased or decreased, and the ocean measurement can be aligned.
(3) The sky polarizer comprises a large-view-field lens, a polarization CCD, a sun shielding buckle, an azimuth axis, a pitching axis, a stepping motor, an RS232 data line and the like. The large-view-field lens is a 180-degree hemispherical airspace lens, the polarization CCD is a focal plane array, the large-view-field lens is combined with the polarization CCD, and the actual view field is 150 degrees in consideration of the perspective of a low elevation angle. The sun shelters from the buckle and installs in polarization CCD outside sleeve department, and the shielding plate is apart from big visual field camera lens about 25cm, and the baffle becomes circular about 3cm, at data guide's step motor, carries out the motion of "O" type position and "U" angle of pitch, shelters from the sun.
It should be noted that the sun shielding device of the sky polarizer is composed of a shielding buckle, an azimuth axis, an azimuth motor, a pitching axis, a pitching motor, a baffle plate and an RS232 data interface. The shielding buckle is arranged at the bottom of the sky polarization camera and fixedly connected with the base; the azimuth shaft is driven by the azimuth motor to perform O motion, and the pitching shaft is driven by the pitching motor to perform U motion. The top baffle is rounded and the data is linked by RS 232. Firstly, the sky polarizer modulates the level through a level meter; and if the requirement cannot be met, adjusting the lens aperture to be medium and the integration time to be minimum, gradually increasing, recording images, recording longitude and latitude, elevation and time, and recording the position of the sun. The azimuth axis of the sun shade is then orthogonal to the azimuth axis of the sun, with the pitch axis being aligned with the sun. And (3) adjusting the aperture of the lens to be medium, adjusting the integral time to be minimum, gradually increasing, if the aperture cannot be met, adjusting the aperture to be maximum, adjusting the integral time to be minimum, gradually increasing, recording an image, recording longitude and latitude, elevation and time, and recording the position of the sun. And finally, the pitching shaft of the sun shielding device is retracted, an image is recorded, longitude and latitude, elevation and time are recorded, and the position of the sun is recorded to wait for the next measurement. The gain generated by the aperture of the lens and the integration time of the CCD is basically linear, and a certain margin is reserved for the aperture and the integration time in order to reduce the difficulty of field irradiation dynamic test. The image obtained by the polarization CCD consists of 3 images, the first image mainly records the radiation of the sun, the second image mainly records the radiation of the sky, and the third image mainly records the radiation without the sun shielding device. The distortion is corrected as follows: taking 5 points (including 7 points from head to tail) by optical design software or a calibration chart, converting the field of view of 0.2, 0.35, 0.5, 0.707 and 0.85 into 0 degree to +/-75 degrees, and obtaining the degree of density of the image, which is expressed by degree/degree; and (4) rearranging the CCD sampled images by adopting secondary spline interpolation to obtain an original sky image.
In addition, after acquiring relevant acquired data of hemispherical airspace radiation characteristic software, a sky photometer and a sky polarizer, the embodiment of the invention needs to input the acquired data into an ocean polarizer, wherein the ocean polarizer in the embodiment of the invention consists of a lens, a polarization CCD, a distance measuring machine and a north finder, the lens is selected according to the field of view of a shore base or an airborne machine, and the shore base is generally larger than the airborne machine; the polarization CCD usually selects a focal plane type, so that errors caused by step-by-step imaging of the time-sharing CCD are prevented; the distance measuring machine is parallel to the field of view of the polarization camera, is positioned in the center of the field of view, measures the distance at intervals of 10min generally, and can perform manual compensation measurement if an observed object moves or an airborne platform moves greatly; the north finder is used for providing azimuth angles and pitch angles of the whole system. For example, when the camera receives an external trigger, the north seeker and the range finder are uploaded to the computer through the RS 232. Firstly, the marine polarizer rotates according to a north seeker to obtain a Mueller matrix Ms under a standard global coordinate system, namely the marine polarizer looks orthographically under a zenith coordinate system; then, converting the global coordinate system into a local variable Mal, and changing the local variable Mal into incident light under a sea surface coordinate system so as to multiply the pBRDF by the MBRDF; and finally, restoring to a global coordinate system and multiplying by Mao. All expressions are as follows:
the global and local coordinate systems are transformed as follows:
the incident or emergent rotation angle is:
wherein, for each pixel, reflecting the brightness is the change of α. The change of different pixels is determined by the field of view of the camera, the value of the range finder, and the azimuth and elevation values of the north seeker. When the reflectivity of the sea waves changes and is equivalent to an oil film, the sea waves can be seen from the I image; or from a comparison of multiple images.
Therefore, when selecting the hemispherical airspace radiation characteristic software, the skylight and the sky polarizer, the adopted configurations and combinations are different according to meteorological conditions, test purposes, test conditions and the like:
in the first case, when weather is good and basically cloudless, or when flying dust or sand dust exists and the ocean oil spill detection precision is not high, the sky radiation calculation software can be used. Q, U images of the sun and the sky can be obtained by inputting relevant parameters of station address information, time information, working wave bands and aerosol and are provided for the ocean polarizer.
In the second case, the weather is still, the change is not large in short time, or the position is fixed and the monitoring is carried out for a long time, the order of ocean wave surface turning is not high, the sea wave is gentle, and the sky photometer can be used. The sky photometer utilizes the linear polarization of 3 wavelengths, 0 degrees, 60 degrees and 120 degrees in ultraviolet, visible light and infrared rays, obtains Q, U images of a hemispherical airspace through the scanning of sun, glow and sky, and provides the images for the ocean polarizer.
In the third case, when the wave band requirement is not much, the meteorological condition is complex, and the sea surface wave surface turning ratio is high, the sky polarizer can be used. The sky polarizer samples three images for each image: deleting pixels by utilizing the position of a baffle plate in the sun shielding device and a polarization diagram; complementing the image with the absence of solar blocking radiation, providing it to said marine polarizer.
The sky polarizer firstly determines the azimuth angle and the pitch angle of the ocean by using a north finder and corrects and calibrates the reflected light direction of each pixel by using a distance meter, the azimuth angle and the pitch angle; each pixel contains the inclination angle of the sea surface, the inclination angle can be calculated by utilizing an Q, U diagram of a hemispherical airspace, and the sea surface reflectivity and the different or multiple reflection rules are combined to obtain the sea oil spill rule.
The technical effects of the embodiment of the invention are as follows: (1) compared with the traditional marine imaging device, the device and the method for detecting the marine oil spill based on the sky radiation have the advantages that the sun and the sky are measured more accurately, particularly, for a dynamic sea surface, the current local sea surface inclination angle is obtained by adopting an image index of Q, U in polarization, and accordingly, the sea surface reflection and the sea scattering, and the polarization quantity in the reflection and the scattering are calculated. (2) A Mie scattering, T scattering and IGOM computing method is adopted in scattering characteristics, SCIATRAN simulation computation is adopted in radiation transmission simulation, and polarization simulation computation with good weather can be realized. (3) The combined mode of the sleeve light path suitable for the ocean skylight, the mode of combining the three light paths, the scanning mode of the sky light path, the mode of sun positioning and sky common scanning and point-adjustable processing are provided. (4) The structure and the working mode of a sun shielding device of a sky polarizer are provided, wherein a sun mode, a shielding mode and a sky mode are integrated to obtain a complete hemisphere diagram; and a density correction method of the sky polarizer, which improves the position precision of polarization. (5) A method for correcting polarization of image variation caused by attitude variation of sea polarizer includes converting global variable of irradiation to local variable of sea surface, calculating reflection of irradiation and sea surface under local coordinate system, and converting it to global variable.
Through the embodiment, the technical problems that in the prior art, the influence of sky radiation in sea surface reflection cannot be removed in ocean oil spill detection, skylight reflected by the sea surface or an oil film has the characteristic of the oil film, and scattered light from the ocean oil film is little, so that the scattered oil spill detection precision is low are solved.
The above-mentioned serial numbers of the embodiments of the present invention are merely for description and do not represent the merits of the embodiments.
In the above embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and for parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference may be made to related descriptions of other embodiments.
In the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed technology can be implemented in other ways. The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units may be a logical division, and in actual implementation, there may be another division, for example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, units or modules, and may be in an electrical or other form.
The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be realized in a form of hardware, and can also be realized in a form of a software functional unit.
The integrated unit, if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a removable hard disk, a magnetic or optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for detecting ocean oil spill based on polarized hemispherical airspace irradiation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring preset condition data;
selecting ocean oil spill detection configuration according to the preset condition data;
transmitting the data acquired by the ocean oil spill detection configuration to an ocean polarizer to generate ocean oil spill data;
and outputting the ocean oil spill data.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the preset condition data comprises: meteorological conditions, test purposes, test conditions.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the marine oil spill detection arrangement comprises: sky radiation software, a sky photometer and a sky polarizer.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein selecting a marine oil spill detection configuration based on the pre-set condition data comprises:
when the preset condition data meet a first condition, selecting the sky radiation software;
when the preset condition data meets a second condition, selecting the sky photometer;
and when the preset condition data meets a third condition, selecting the sky polarizer.
5. The utility model provides a detection apparatus of ocean oil spilling based on polarization hemisphere airspace irradiation which characterized in that includes:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring preset condition data;
the selection module is used for selecting ocean oil spill detection configuration according to the preset condition data;
the generating module is used for transmitting the data acquired by the ocean oil spill detection configuration to an ocean polarizer to generate ocean oil spill data;
and the output module is used for outputting the ocean oil spill data.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the preset condition data comprises: meteorological conditions, test purposes, test conditions.
7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the marine oil spill detection arrangement comprises: sky radiation software, a sky photometer and a sky polarizer.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the selection module comprises:
a first selecting unit, configured to select the sky radiation software when the preset condition data satisfies a first condition;
a second selecting unit configured to select the sky photometer when the preset condition data satisfies a second condition;
and the third selection unit is used for selecting the sky polarizer when the preset condition data meets a third condition.
9. A non-volatile storage medium, comprising a stored program, wherein the program, when executed, controls an apparatus in which the non-volatile storage medium is located to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 4.
10. An electronic device comprising a processor and a memory; the memory has stored therein computer readable instructions for execution by the processor, wherein the computer readable instructions when executed perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 4.
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