CN112698338B - Equivalent method for measuring target visible light photoelectric characteristics in different places - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides an equivalent method for measuring the photoelectric characteristics of visible light of a target in different places, which records different local ambient light conditions through standard target color codes in a test field area and records the brightness of the target; calculating the zenith angle and azimuth angle of the sun; respectively measuring red light, green light and blue light to prepare a target brightness-red light table, a target brightness-green light table and a target brightness-blue light table, wherein brightness measurement results in each table correspond to three parameters of solar zenith angle, solar azimuth angle and observation azimuth angle; measuring the ambient light conditions of the site to be measured with the same standard target; the photoelectric characteristic which the target should exhibit is calculated by a lookup table. The invention can calculate the photoelectric characteristic of the target in the difficult region through the test result of the easy-to-measure region.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a photoelectric characteristic measurement method.
Background
The photoelectric characteristic of the target is the important characteristic of the target itself and is widely applied in the fields of target identification, target tracking, photoelectric countermeasure and the like, and the photoelectric characteristic of the target obtained through actual measurement is the most effective method for obtaining the photoelectric characteristic of the target and is also an important basis for back-end application and evaluation. In practical application, researchers can measure the photoelectric characteristics represented by targets under different conditions through an experimental method, but due to the limitation of experimental conditions, a test site cannot be built in certain sites, for example, researchers can measure the photoelectric characteristics of typical targets on the ground, but cannot build the test site on the moon, and how to obtain the photoelectric characteristics through the ground measurement result is equivalent to the measurement on the moon is an urgent research subject to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an equivalent method for measuring the photoelectric characteristics of the target visible light in different places, which can calculate the photoelectric characteristics of the target in a difficult area through the test result of the easy-to-measure area.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems comprises the following steps: recording locally different ambient light conditions in the test field by standard target color codes and recording the brightness of the target; calculating the zenith angle and azimuth angle of the sun; respectively measuring red light, green light and blue light to prepare a target brightness-red light table, a target brightness-green light table and a target brightness-blue light table, namely a lookup table of the red, green and blue light under different environment light conditions, wherein brightness measurement results in each table correspond to three parameters of solar zenith angle, solar azimuth angle and observation azimuth angle; measuring the ambient light conditions of the site to be measured with the same standard target; the photoelectric characteristic which the target should exhibit is calculated by a lookup table.
The different ambient light conditions are that one day is selected as representative of one season in four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter, and the measurement is performed every hour in the day.
The lookup table calculation adopts a three-dimensional interpolation method.
The three-dimensional interpolation process is to assume that a certain measurement result X (rx, sx, fx) is required, wherein (rx, sx, fx) respectively represents a solar zenith angle, a solar azimuth angle and an observation azimuth angle, and only X (r, s, f), X (r+1, s, f), X (r, s+1, f), X (r+1, s+1, f), X (r, s, f+1), X (r+1, s, f+1), X (r, s+1, f+1), X (r+1, s+1, f+1) are adjacent to the values of eight vertexes, and three temporary variables tx=rx-r, ty=sx-s, tz=fx-f are set as the interpolation result
X(rx,sx,fx)＝X(r,s,f)×(1-tx)(1-ty)(1-tz)+X(r+1,s,f)×tx(1-ty)(11-tz)+X(r,s+1,f)×(11-tx)ty(1-tz)+X(r+1,s+1,f)×txty(1-tz)+X(r,s,f+1)×(1-tx)(1-ty)tz+X(r+1,s,f+1)×tx(1-ty)tz+X(r,s+1,f+1)×(1-tx)tytz+X(r+1,s+1,f+1)×txtytz.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the photoelectric characteristics of a given target in an equivalent area can be directly calculated by using a table look-up and interpolation formula only by measuring the photoelectric characteristics of the target and the standard target in a standard test field target and measuring the ambient light condition of an equivalent scene by using the standard target, and the more the measured data are, the finer the table look-up is, and the more accurate the obtained data are.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent method for measuring target photoelectric characteristics in different places;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of target and standard target measurements;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a bi-directional reflection distribution function;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of equivalent scene standard target measurements;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a look-up table principle;
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of solar zenith angle, solar azimuth angle and observation azimuth angle.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples, which include but are not limited to the following examples.
The research idea of the invention is shown in figure 1, different ambient light conditions are obtained through a standard target color code based on the optical properties of the target, the photoelectric characteristics displayed by the target under the ambient light conditions with different brightness are measured, a lookup table under the different ambient light conditions is established based on the different ambient light conditions, then the ambient light conditions of the expected place are measured through the same standard target color code, and finally the photoelectric characteristics which the target should display can be obtained through the lookup table.
According to the invention, the ambient light characteristics of the expected place are obtained by establishing the lookup table of the photoelectric characteristics of the target under different ambient light conditions.
The basic principle of the present invention will be described below by taking the visible light characteristic of the object as an example. For a target at a certain location, the photoelectric characteristic is the reflection characteristic of the reflected ambient light, and the reflection characteristic can be characterized by using a bidirectional reflection distribution function, namely
Wherein f BRDF (r, s, f, q) is a bidirectional distribution function of a target to be detected, r, s are zenith angle and azimuth angle of incident light, f, q are zenith angle and azimuth angle of reflected light, L ero is brightness generated by an environment where the target is located, Ω is a solid angle corresponding to the target, lambda 1 is a start wavelength, lambda 2 is a stop wavelength, and w and lambda respectively represent integral variables of the solid angle and the wavelength.
In practical measurement, the ambient light comes from the sun, sky and reflected light of surrounding objects, and these factors may be different under test conditions of different places, so that the mapping of reflection characteristics cannot be achieved by adopting a one-to-one mapping method of each element. Therefore, the invention adopts a comprehensive measurement method, and adopts a standard target color plate to measure the ambient light condition at the target position.
The reflection of a target as a variable related to the detection, illumination direction can be described by the concept of a bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). The bi-directional reflection distribution function is defined as the ratio between the surface radiation and the lambertian reference whiteboard radiation, with the illumination and observation geometry kept unchanged. However, obtaining the bi-directional reflectance distribution function of the target requires information such as standard incident light sources, which is difficult to handle in field conditions. Therefore, the invention provides a standard target-based method for acquiring the ambient light information.
In order to better adapt to the characteristic of field illumination, the relative relation between the position where sunlight appears and a target is emphasized, and small part of ambient light information is measured, so that the data size of measured data can be greatly reduced, and the processing method has better performance in occasions with low fine degree requirements due to more field environmental influence factors. Since the standard target will show different colors in different directions under the condition of ambient light irradiation, the information of the ambient incident light can be reversely deduced according to the color information measured in a given direction. When the targets cannot be arranged in other scenes, standard targets can be arranged in the same mode, the ambient light information in the scene to be equivalent is measured by the same method, and then the photoelectric characteristics of the targets in the scene to be equivalent can be realized by utilizing a method of multi-element function interpolation. The ambient light and target reflectance characteristics measurement method is as follows.
In a certain scenario (a scenario where it is convenient to test the target), there is a target that is present at the same time as the standard target, where the standard target is used to measure the ambient light and to measure the reflection of the target in different directions at the same time. And (5) corresponding the bidirectional reflection distribution functions of the ambient light and the target, and establishing a corresponding table.
For the bi-directional reflection distribution function, zenith and azimuth angles of the incident and reflected light are measured to obtain a bi-directional reflection distribution function f BRDF (r, s, f, q), as shown in fig. 3.
The invention does not need to accurately measure the azimuth angle and zenith angle of the incident light, and only needs to record the observation azimuth of the measuring instrument, because the same zenith angle is adopted in the test scene and the equivalent scene. For the sun as incident light, the azimuth angle and zenith angle are determined by the position of the sun, the position of the sun can be calculated by using a sun position prediction program, and the processing method greatly reduces the difficulty of measurement.
For a scene to be tested, no target exists in the scene, only the standard target exists in the scene, the ambient light in the scene is determined by measuring the reflected light of the standard target, and then the reflection characteristic corresponding to the target is searched, so that the photoelectric characteristic of the target in the scene can be simulated.
In order to obtain the relatively complete reflection characteristics of the target, it is necessary to measure the reflection characteristics of the target under different ambient lighting conditions multiple times and construct a look-up table.
The step of obtaining the photoelectric characteristic which should be exhibited by the target region by using the photoelectric characteristic of the measured region is as follows: first from the formulaStarting from this formula, it can be seen that targets in different regions have virtually identical bi-directional reflection distribution functions f BRDF, and since the bi-directional reflection distribution function is a multi-element function, the lookup table employed in the present invention is a multi-element function lookup table. The working principle is shown in figure 5.
Local different ambient light conditions were then recorded by standard target color codes at a standard test field area and the brightness of the target was recorded. One day was chosen as representative of one season each of the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter, with daily measurements covering 24 hours, with measurements taken one hour apart. And calculating according to a solar position calculation program to obtain a solar zenith angle and a solar azimuth angle. Since the visible light image contains three components of red, green and blue, the invention decomposes the ambient light into red, green and blue for processing respectively. And respectively measuring red light, green light and blue light to prepare a target brightness-red light table, a target brightness-green light table and a target brightness-blue light table, namely a lookup table of red, green and blue light under different environment light conditions.
And then the same standard target can be used for measuring the ambient light condition of the required place, and finally the photoelectric characteristic which the target should present is obtained through the lookup table and interpolation calculation.
The invention adopts the same zenith angle measuring target in the measuring scene and the equivalent scene, and only three parameters are needed at the moment, so the adopted interpolation method is a three-dimensional interpolation method.
From the foregoing, it can be seen that each result of the measurement corresponds to three parameters of a specific solar zenith angle, solar azimuth angle and observation azimuth angle, that is, the three parameters together determine a result, which forms a three-dimensional grid because the measurement values are discrete. And the solar zenith angle, solar azimuth angle and observation azimuth angle are measured in the scene to be measured and are shown in figure 6.
The three-dimensional interpolation in the invention comprises the following steps:
It is assumed that a certain measurement result X (rx, sx, fx) is to be obtained, where (rx, sx, fx) represents the solar zenith angle, solar azimuth angle, and observation azimuth angle, respectively, and only X (r, s, f), X (r+1, s, f), X (r, s+1, f), X (r+1, s+1, f), X (r, s, f+1), X (r+1, s, f+1), X (r, s+1, f+1), X (r+1, s+1, f+1) adjacent values of eight vertices are established in the lookup table, and the value of X (rx, sx, fx) must be obtained by interpolation.
Let three temporary variables, tx=rx-r, ty=sx-s, tz=fx-f
The interpolation result is
X(rx,sx,fx)＝X(r,s,f)×(1-tx)(1-ty)(1-tz)+X(r+1,s,f)×tx(1-ty)(1-tz)+X(r,s+1,f)×(1-tx)ty(1-tz)+X(r+1,s+1,f)×txty(1-tz)+X(r,s,f+1)×(1-tx)(1-ty)tz+X(r+1,s,f+1)×tx(1-ty)tz+X(r,s+1,f+1)×(1-tx)tytz+X(r+1,s+1,f+1)×txtytz
The brightness of the red light component of the equivalent scene is obtained by the table look-up interpolation method, and the green light component and the blue light component are obtained by repeating the above processes. Finally, the invention obtains the optical characteristics of red, green and blue components of the target area, and realizes the equivalence of the given target photoelectric characteristic from the measurement area to the special area.
Claims (4)
1. The equivalent method for measuring the photoelectric characteristics of the visible light of the target in different places is characterized by comprising the following steps of: recording locally different ambient light conditions in the test field by standard target color codes and recording the brightness of the target; calculating the zenith angle and azimuth angle of the sun; respectively measuring red light, green light and blue light to prepare a target brightness-red light table, a target brightness-green light table and a target brightness-blue light table, namely a lookup table of the red, green and blue light under different environment light conditions, wherein brightness measurement results in each table correspond to three parameters of solar zenith angle, solar azimuth angle and observation azimuth angle; measuring the ambient light conditions of the site to be measured with the same standard target; the photoelectric characteristic which the target should present is calculated through a lookup table;
the photoelectric characteristic is the reflection characteristic exhibited by the reflected ambient light, and the reflection characteristic is characterized by a bidirectional reflection distribution function, namely
Wherein f BRDF (r, s, f, q) is a bidirectional distribution function of a target to be detected, r, s are zenith angle and azimuth angle of incident light, f, q are zenith angle and azimuth angle of reflected light, L ero is brightness generated by an environment where the target is located, Ω is a solid angle corresponding to the target, lambda 1 is a start wavelength, lambda 2 is a stop wavelength, and w and lambda respectively represent integral variables of the solid angle and the wavelength.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the different ambient light conditions are each selected from four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter as a representative of a season, and are measured every hour in the same day.
3. The method for measuring the photoelectric characteristics of the visible light in different places according to claim 1, wherein the calculation of the lookup table adopts a three-dimensional interpolation method.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the three-dimensional interpolation is based on the assumption that a certain measurement result X (rx, sx, fx) is to be obtained, wherein (rx, sx, fx) represents a solar zenith angle, a solar azimuth angle, and an observation azimuth angle, respectively, and only X (r, s, f), X (r+1, s, f), X (r, s+1, f), X (r+1, s+1, f), X (r, s, f+1), X (r+1, s, f+1), X (r, s+1, f+1), X (r+1, s+1, f+1) are adjacent to each other, and the interpolation result is given by three temporary variables tx=rx-r, ty=sx-s, and tz=fx-f
X(rx,sx,fx)＝X(r,s,f)×(1-tx)(1-ty)(1-tz)+X(r+1,s,f)×tx(1-ty)(1-tz)+X(r,s+1,f)×(1-tx)ty(1-tz)+X(r+1,s+1,f)×txty(1-tz)+X(r,s,f+1)×(1-tx)(1-ty)tz+X(r+1,s,f+1)×tx(1-ty)tz+X(r,s+1,f+1)×(1-tx)tytz+X(r+1,s+1,f+1)×txtytz.
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| CN102117488A (en) * | 2011-02-21 | 2011-07-06 | 北京航空航天大学 | Method for constructing surface reflection characteristics of real object in virtual environment |
| CN102338871A (en) * | 2010-07-22 | 2012-02-01 | 曹春香 | Method and device for calculating reflectivity of earth surface |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102338871A (en) * | 2010-07-22 | 2012-02-01 | 曹春香 | Method and device for calculating reflectivity of earth surface |
| CN102117488A (en) * | 2011-02-21 | 2011-07-06 | 北京航空航天大学 | Method for constructing surface reflection characteristics of real object in virtual environment |
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