CN113564465A - Forging FeCo alloy with stretching and impact toughness and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Forging FeCo alloy with stretching and impact toughness and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN113564465A
CN113564465A CN202110759099.3A CN202110759099A CN113564465A CN 113564465 A CN113564465 A CN 113564465A CN 202110759099 A CN202110759099 A CN 202110759099A CN 113564465 A CN113564465 A CN 113564465A
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强文江
孙爱芝
邢珂珂
李亚林
王可
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
Beijing Zongheng Electromechanical Technology Co Ltd
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
Beijing Zongheng Electromechanical Technology Co Ltd
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    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/10—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
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    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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    • C22C—ALLOYS
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    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/10—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt
    • C22C38/105—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt containing Co and Ni
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    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
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    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/20—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with copper
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    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/30—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with cobalt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
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    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium

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Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a forging FeCo alloy with stretching and impact toughness and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of preparation of soft magnetic materials. The chemical formula of the forging FeCo alloy is as follows: fexCoyMzWherein: m is the combination of one or more elements except Fe and Co, x, y and z respectively represent the mass percent of the elements Fe, Co and M in the alloy, wherein, x is more than 74 percent and less than or equal to 98 percent, y is more than 2 percent and less than or equal to 26 percent, and z is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 20 percent. The preparation method comprises the steps of smelting, forging, machining and performance detection which are sequentially carried out. According to the invention, the internal organization structure and dislocation movement characteristics of the material are changed by adjusting the Co content in the forged FeCo alloy and adding appropriate alloy elements, the internal stress is reduced, and the precipitation of ordered phases is avoided in the hot forging air cooling process, so that the elongation after tensile fracture and the impact absorption power of the alloy are improved.

Description

Forging FeCo alloy with stretching and impact toughness and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of soft magnetic materials, and relates to a forging FeCo alloy with stretching and impact toughness and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The FeCo alloy is a soft magnetic alloy with excellent performance, and according to the literature report and GB/T14986.3-2018, the current domestic and foreign brands of the FeCo alloy mainly comprise 1J22 and Hiperco27(1J27), and the corresponding Co contents are respectively about 50%, 35% and 27%. Obviously, the Co content in the current FeCo alloy is not less than 27%.
In the standard, tensile mechanical property data of the material are given, the elongation of 1J22 after tensile fracture in a soft state is only 4%, and the elongation of Hiperco35 is 1%, which indicates that the tensile is brittle fracture; hiperco27(1J27) had an elongation after tensile break of 12% in the soft state, and the tensile toughness was improved. In the national standards, impact properties are not involved. Obviously, the prior art does not take into account the tensile and impact toughness of FeCo alloys.
The inventor analyzes the mechanical property of the purchased commercial FeCo alloy and finds that:
FeCo alloy prepared according to the national standard (BG/T14986.3-2018), the tensile test result of 1J22 alloy is typical brittle fracture, and Hiperco27 alloy is between the brittle fracture and the ductile fracture; both impact tests are brittle fracture, and the impact energy is only single digit or even close to zero. This limits the application of the two under the harsh conditions of mechanical environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problem that the current 1J22 and Hiperco27(1J27) alloy impact tests are brittle fracture, the impact work is only single digit and even close to zero, and the alloy cannot be used for preparing magnetic material structures bearing frequent impact and bump.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a forging FeCo alloy with tensile and impact toughness, and the forging FeCo alloy has a chemical formula as follows: fexCoyMzWherein: m is the combination of one or more elements except Fe and Co, x, y and z respectively represent the mass percent of the elements Fe, Co and M in the alloy, wherein, x is more than 74 percent and less than or equal to 98 percent, y is more than 2 percent and less than or equal to 26 percent, and z is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 20 percent.
Preferably, M is a combination of one or more elements of V, Cr, Ni, Nb, Zr, RE, Cu, C, Mn, Si, P, S, O.
Preferably, M is V: 0-1.8%, Cr: 0-1.0%, Ni: 0-1.2%, Nb: 0-2.4%, Zr: 0-2.4%, RE: 0-1.0%, Cu: 0-0.2%, C: 0-0.04%, Mn: 0-0.3%, Si: 0-0.3%, P: 0-0.02%, S: 0-0.02%, O: 0-0.02% of one or more elements.
Preferably, the preparation method comprises smelting, forging, machining and performance detection which are sequentially carried out.
Preferably, the smelting is vacuum smelting.
Preferably, the forging is hot forging, the heating device is a natural gas heating furnace, the heating rate is 20-100 ℃/h, the heat preservation time is 1.5-8h, the initial forging temperature is 1150-1200 ℃, and the final forging temperature is not less than 850 ℃; followed by air cooling.
Preferably, the machining is selected according to the requirements of the actual product.
Preferably, the property test comprises the test of elongation after tensile failure and the test of impact absorption work.
Preferably, the elongation of the forged FeCo alloy after tensile fracture is not less than 25%, and the impact absorption energy is not less than 50J.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the internal organization structure and dislocation movement characteristics of the material are changed by adjusting the Co content in the forged FeCo alloy and adding appropriate alloy elements, the internal stress is reduced, and the precipitation of ordered phases is avoided in the hot forging air cooling process, so that the elongation after tensile fracture and the impact absorption power of the alloy are improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a graph of the tensile curve for a wrought FeCo alloy having both tensile and impact toughness according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of impact fracture morphology for wrought FeCo alloys with both tensile and impact toughness of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a tensile curve of the 1J27 FeCo alloy of comparative example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of impact fracture morphology for the 1J27 FeCo alloy of comparative example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a forging FeCo alloy with tensile and impact toughness, and the chemical formula of the forging FeCo alloy is as follows: fexCoyMzWherein: m is the combination of one or more elements except Fe and Co, x, y and z respectively represent the mass percent of the elements Fe, Co and M in the alloy, wherein, x is more than 74 percent and less than or equal to 98 percent, y is more than 2 percent and less than or equal to 26 percent, and z is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 20 percent.
In particular, M is a combination of one or more elements of V, Cr, Ni, Nb, Zr, RE, Cu, C, Mn, Si, P, S, O.
In particular, M is V: 0-1.8%, Cr: 0-1.0%, Ni: 0-1.2%, Nb: 0-2.4%, Zr: 0-2.4%, RE: 0-1.0%, Cu: 0-0.2%, C: 0-0.04%, Mn: 0-0.3%, Si: 0-0.3%, P: 0-0.02%, S: 0-0.02%, O: 0-0.02% of one or more elements.
Particularly, the preparation method comprises the steps of smelting, forging, machining and performance detection which are sequentially carried out.
In particular, the smelting is vacuum smelting.
Particularly, the forging is hot forging, the heating device is a natural gas heating furnace, the heating rate is 20-100 ℃/h, the heat preservation time is 1.5-8h, the initial forging temperature is 1150-1200 ℃, and the final forging temperature is not less than 850 ℃; followed by air cooling.
In particular, the machining is selected according to the requirements of the actual product.
In particular, the property measurements include the measurement of elongation after tensile failure and the measurement of the work of impact absorption.
In particular, the elongation of the forged FeCo alloy after tensile fracture is not less than 25%, and the impact absorption energy is not less than 50J.
Specifically, a forging FeCo alloy with both tensile and impact toughness and a preparation method thereof are described by combining the following examples 1-3, comparative example 1, and accompanying drawings 1, 2, 3 and 4:
TABLE 1 chemical composition of the alloys of the examples and comparative examples
Figure BDA0003148601150000041
The chemical compositions of the alloys of the examples and comparative examples are given in table 1 above.
Example 1
Wrought Fe with both tensile and impact toughnessSurplusCo20V0.8Cr0.2Ni0.2Alloy (I)
a) Smelting: selecting and preparing raw materials according to the element components and the content of the alloy, and carrying out vacuum smelting;
b) forging: hot forging is adopted, a heating device is a natural gas heating furnace, the heating rate is 90 ℃/h, the heat preservation time is 1.5h, the initial forging temperature is 1180 ℃, and the final forging temperature is 850 ℃; then air cooling is carried out;
c) machining: selecting a processing technology according to the structure of the finished product to obtain a finished product;
d) and (3) performance detection: finished samples were taken for tensile and impact testing.
The resulting wrought FeSurplusCo20V0.8Cr0.2Ni0.2The elongation after tensile failure of the alloy was 47.2%, and the impact absorption work was 86J. The tensile curve and impact fracture morphology are shown in fig. 1 and 2, respectively.
Example 2
Wrought Fe with both tensile and impact toughnessSurplusCo25Cr0.2Ni0.4Nb0.2Ce0.01Cu0.2Alloy (I)
a) Smelting: selecting and preparing raw materials according to the element components and the content of the alloy, and carrying out vacuum smelting;
b) forging: hot forging is adopted, a heating device is a natural gas heating furnace, the heating rate is 60 ℃/h, the heat preservation time is 2h, the initial forging temperature is 1150 ℃, and the final forging temperature is 860 ℃; then air cooling is carried out;
c) machining: selecting a processing technology according to the structure of the finished product to obtain a finished product;
d) and (3) performance detection: finished samples were taken for tensile and impact testing.
The resulting wrought FeSurplusCo25Cr0.2Ni0.4Nb0.2Ce0.01Cu0.2The elongation after tensile fracture of the alloy is 34.8 percent, and the impact absorption work is 57J.
Example 3
Wrought Fe with both tensile and impact toughness90Co10Alloy (I)
a) Smelting: selecting and preparing raw materials according to the element components and the content of the alloy, and carrying out vacuum smelting;
b) forging: hot forging is adopted, a heating device is a natural gas heating furnace, the heating rate is 100 ℃/h, the heat preservation time is 3h, the initial forging temperature is 1160 ℃, and the final forging temperature is 850 ℃; then air cooling is carried out;
c) machining: selecting a processing technology according to the structure of the finished product to obtain a finished product;
d) and (3) performance detection: finished samples were taken for tensile and impact testing.
The resulting wrought Fe90Co10The elongation of the alloy after tensile fracture is 48.4 percent, and the impact absorption work is 91J.
Comparative example 1
For comparison, the alloy 1J27 specified in GB/T14986.3 was used.
Selecting and preparing raw materials according to the element components and the content of the alloy, and carrying out vacuum smelting; then hot forging is carried out on the cast ingot, a heating device is a natural gas heating furnace, the heating rate is 40 ℃/h, the heat preservation time is 4h, the initial forging temperature is 1160 ℃, the final forging temperature is 860 ℃, and then air cooling is carried out; finally, vacuum heat treatment is adopted, and the process comprises the following steps: keeping the temperature at 850 ℃ for 4h, cooling to 500 ℃ at a cooling speed of 150 ℃/h, and then rapidly cooling.
After the above treatment, the 1J27 alloy had a tensile elongation after fracture of 10% and an impact absorption energy of 5J. The tensile curve and impact fracture morphology are shown in fig. 3 and 4, respectively.
In summary, the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the internal organization structure and dislocation movement characteristics of the material are changed by adjusting the Co content in the forged FeCo alloy and adding appropriate alloy elements, the internal stress is reduced, and the precipitation of ordered phases is avoided in the hot forging air cooling process, so that the elongation after tensile fracture and the impact absorption power of the alloy are improved.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. A wrought FeCo alloy having both tensile and impact toughness, wherein the wrought FeCo alloy has a chemical formula of: fexCoyMzWherein: m is the combination of one or more elements except Fe and Co, x, y and z respectively represent the mass percent of the elements Fe, Co and M in the alloy, wherein, x is more than 74 percent and less than or equal to 98 percent, y is more than 2 percent and less than or equal to 26 percent, and z is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 20 percent.
2. The wrought FeCo alloy with both tensile and impact toughness of claim 1, wherein M is a combination of one or more elements of V, Cr, Ni, Nb, Zr, RE, Cu, C, Mn, Si, P, S, O.
3. The wrought both tensile and impact tough FeCo alloy of claim 1, wherein M is V: 0-1.8%, Cr: 0-1.0%, Ni: 0-1.2%, Nb: 0-2.4%, Zr: 0-2.4%, RE: 0-1.0%, Cu: 0-0.2%, C: 0-0.04%, Mn: 0-0.3%, Si: 0-0.3%, P: 0-0.02%, S: 0-0.02%, O: 0-0.02% of one or more elements.
4. A preparation method of a wrought FeCo alloy with both tensile and impact toughness according to any of claims 1-3, wherein the preparation method comprises smelting, forging, machining and performance detection in sequence.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the smelting is vacuum smelting.
6. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein the forging is hot forging, the heating device is a natural gas heating furnace, the heating rate is 20-100 ℃/h, the heat preservation time is 1.5-8h, the initial forging temperature is 1150-1200 ℃, and the final forging temperature is not less than 850 ℃; followed by air cooling.
7. The method of claim 4, wherein the machining is selected according to actual product requirements.
8. The method of claim 4, wherein the property test comprises the test of elongation after tensile failure and the test of impact absorption work.
9. The method according to claim 4, wherein the wrought FeCo alloy has an elongation after tensile break of not less than 25% and an impact absorption work of not less than 50J.
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Application publication date: 20211029