CN112048604B - Preparation process of low-alloy high-temperature bolt - Google Patents

Preparation process of low-alloy high-temperature bolt Download PDF

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CN112048604B
CN112048604B CN202010749808.5A CN202010749808A CN112048604B CN 112048604 B CN112048604 B CN 112048604B CN 202010749808 A CN202010749808 A CN 202010749808A CN 112048604 B CN112048604 B CN 112048604B
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heat treatment
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alloy high
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CN112048604A (en
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肖磊
黄志勇
丁勇
朱小阳
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Sichuan Liuhe Special Metal Materials Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0093—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for screws; for bolts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation process of a low-alloy high-temperature bolt, which comprises the following steps of heat treatment process during preparation: (1) quenching: heating to 950 ℃ at a speed of 80-100 ℃/h, preserving heat for 1-1.2 h, then heating to 1030 ℃ and preserving heat for 3-5min, then cooling to 1000 ℃ and preserving heat for 0.5h, taking out and carrying out water cooling; (2) tempering: heating to 710 ℃ at a speed of 80-100 ℃/h, preserving heat for 1.5-2 h, air-cooling to 520 ℃ and preserving heat for 20-30 min, taking out and air-cooling. Compared with the low-alloy bolts of the same type, the low-alloy high-temperature bolt prepared by the special heat treatment process has the advantages that the room-temperature mechanical property index and the high-temperature property are greatly improved, the energy consumption in the heat treatment process is greatly reduced, the production cost is indirectly reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.

Description

Preparation process of low-alloy high-temperature bolt
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of alloy preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation process of a low-alloy high-temperature bolt.
Background
Bolts are a common type of fastener and are typically used in conjunction with nuts. The bolt has wide application range, and the alloy materials and the shape and the specification of the bolt are different according to different use conditions. For example: when the bolt is applied to ships, offshore platforms and the like, the requirement on corrosion resistance is high; when the bolt is applied to bridges, steel rails and the like, the requirement on mechanical strength is high; when the bolt is applied to thermal power generation equipment, the requirement on high temperature resistance is high.
At present, the bolt is basically made of alloy materials, and Chinese patent with publication number CN103014551B discloses a high-temperature-resistant high-strength bolt, and the chemical components of the bolt are as follows by mass percent (%): c: 0.05 to 0.09, Si: 0.3 to 0.6, Mn: 2.3-2.5, P: 0.003 or less, S: 0.005 or less, Ni: 15.0-18.0, Cr: 14.2-15.8, Ti: 3.1-3.5, Al: less than or equal to 0.1, Mo: 0.5-1.0, Ce: 0.04-0.07, Pm: 0.03 to 0.05, V: 0.05-0.15, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The bolt is based on austenitic stainless steel, and heat-resistant alloy elements such as Mo are added, so that the bolt can be used in an environment of 650-700 ℃. However, after the iron-based high-temperature bolt works for a long time at a higher temperature, the material is easy to be subjected to brittle aging and crack due to creep deformation and fatigue, and the operation safety of equipment is further influenced.
Patent publication No. CN 110106397A discloses a low-alloy high-temperature-resistant bolt alloy material and a manufacturing method of a bolt, wherein the low-alloy high-temperature-resistant bolt comprises the following elements: 67.6-69.5 parts of Ni; 2.6-3.1 parts of Cr; 2.9-3.6 parts of Ti; 2.6-3.3 parts of Al; 4.2-4.5 parts of W; 3.2-3.8 parts of Mo; 5.2-5.8 parts of Co; 0.6-0.9 part of Nb; 5.7-6.2 parts of Ru; 4.9-5.6 parts of Ta; 1.5-1.8 parts of Re; hf0.42-0.46 part; 0.03-0.05 part of C. The high-temperature bolt is a nickel-based alloy which can maintain high strength and creep and fatigue resistance in a use temperature of 1000 ℃ or below.
The high-temperature bolt is prepared by adopting a corresponding process, the obtained high-temperature bolt has better performance on one aspect, but the room-temperature mechanical performance index and the high-temperature performance index of the high-temperature bolt still need to be continuously improved, and the energy consumption in the preparation process needs to be further reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a novel low-alloy high-temperature bolt preparation process.
The preparation process of the novel low-alloy high-temperature bolt provided by the invention aims at the bolt consisting of the following elements: the alloy comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 0.20-0.23% of C, 0.60-0.70% of Si, 0.55-0.65% of Mn, 1.20-1.35% of Cr, 0.30-0.40% of Ni, 0.95-1.10% of Mo, 0.15-0.18% of Ti, 0.60-0.70% of V, 0.01-0.25% of Cu, 0.01-0.02% of N, 0.001-0.003% of B, 0.19-0.22% of Nb, less than or equal to 0.015% of P, less than or equal to 0.015% of S and the balance of Fe.
The performance requirements of the existing standards on similar low-alloy high-temperature bolts are as follows: the plastic elongation strength Rp0.2 is more than or equal to 670 MPa; the tensile strength Rm is more than or equal to 785 MPa; the elongation A after fracture is more than or equal to 14 percent; the reduction of area Z is more than or equal to 50 percent; impact absorption energy KU2More than or equal to 39J; hardness: 255-302; the austenite grain size is more than or equal to 4 grades.
The invention provides a new high-temperature bolt alloy with different element compositions compared with the existing high-temperature bolt, wherein compared with the high-temperature bolt in the patent CN103014551B, the content of Mn, Ni, Cr and Ti in the bolt alloy is simultaneously reduced, the content of C and V is increased, and the bolt element is controlled to contain a small amount of N, B and Nb, so that the performance of the high-temperature bolt containing Fe base is changed, and the mechanical property of the low-alloy high-temperature bolt is obviously improved compared with the standard by the following preparation process, and the mechanical property is specifically as follows: rp0.2 ═ 893MPa, Rm ═ 965MPa, a ═ 18%, Z ═ 65%, impact toughness (KU)2) 107, 104, 112, hardness HBW 302, 288, 293, austenite grain size: and 6, grade. Because the contents of Mn, Ni, Cr and Ti in the bolt alloy are greatly reduced, the invention provides a low-alloy high-temperature bolt.
The preparation process adopted by the high-temperature bolt alloy comprises the following steps: when the heat treatment is carried out, the novel low-alloy high-temperature bolt is subjected to the following heat treatment steps:
(1) quenching: heating to 950 ℃ at a speed of 80-100 ℃/h, preserving heat for 1-1.2 h, then heating to 1030 ℃ and preserving heat for 3-5min, then cooling to 1000 ℃ and preserving heat for 0.5h, taking out and carrying out water cooling;
(2) tempering: heating to 710 ℃ at a speed of 80-100 ℃/h, preserving heat for 1.5-2 h, air-cooling to 520 ℃ and preserving heat for 20-30 min, taking out and air-cooling.
The invention is based on the elemental composition of the alloy material and is heatedThe phase change principle in the process divides the quenching and heating process into three stages: quenching at low temperature, quenching at high temperature, and quenching at medium and high temperature. The specific process is that the low-alloy high-temperature bolt alloy material is heated from a room temperature state to a low-temperature section (950 ℃), the low-temperature section is heated for a period of time and then is heated to a high-temperature section (1030 ℃), the high-temperature section is heated for a period of time and then is cooled to a medium-high temperature section (1000 ℃), and the medium-high temperature section is heated for a period of time and then is taken out of a heat treatment furnace for water cooling. Meanwhile, the invention also carries out two-stage heat preservation after quenching and water cooling, and the heat preservation is respectively carried out for a period of time in high-temperature tempering and a period of time in medium-high-temperature tempering, and then the direct air cooling is carried out to the room temperature. Through the heat treatment process, the mechanical property of the low-alloy high-temperature bolt alloy can be obviously improved. The mechanical properties of the low-alloy high-temperature bolt obtained by the improved heat treatment process are as follows: rp0.2 ═ 893MPa, Rm ═ 965MPa, a ═ 18%, Z ═ 65%, impact toughness (KU)2) 107, 104, 112, hardness HBW 302, 288, 293, austenite grain size: and 6, grade.
On the other hand, the heat treatment process provided by the invention also obviously reduces the power consumption, prolongs the service life of heat treatment equipment, reduces the maintenance time and improves the production efficiency. After the trial and search for 3 years in the factory, and verification by thousands of furnaces, 6000 tons of various steel products are delivered together. Calculated according to the average electricity saving of 600 plus 700 for heat treatment of one furnace steel, the production cost can be saved by about 600 plus 750 yuan per furnace. The invention has the greatest advantages that the heat treatment process can effectively prevent the crystal grains from growing, improves the room-temperature mechanical property of the material, reduces the power consumption and the environmental pollution, and is worthy of great popularization.
The preparation steps only relate to the change of a heat treatment process, and the smelting process of the low-alloy high-temperature bolt alloy is carried out according to the conventional steps of electric furnace and electroslag smelting commonly used for bolt alloys.
Further, the temperature rising rate of the temperature rising from 950 ℃ to 1030 ℃ in the step (1) is 10 ℃/min.
Further, the cooling rate of the temperature from 1030 ℃ to 1000 ℃ in the step (1) is 8 ℃/min.
Further, the surface temperature of the alloy after water cooling in the step (1) is 100-150 ℃.
Further, the temperature rising speed of rising the temperature to 710 ℃ after water cooling in the step (2) is 1-1.5 ℃/min.
Further, the temperature reduction speed of the temperature reduction from 710 ℃ to 520 ℃ in the step (2) is 40-50 ℃/min.
Further, the quenching adopts a trolley type heat treatment furnace, resistance heating is carried out, and the tonnage of the heat treatment furnace is 10T.
Further, the tempering adopts a trolley type heat treatment furnace, resistance heating is carried out, and the tonnage of the heat treatment furnace is 6T.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention adopts a three-stage heating mode of a low-temperature stage, a high-temperature stage and a medium-high temperature stage in the quenching process, effectively shortens the heating time of the high-temperature stage and prevents crystal grains from growing. Carbide, nitride and carbonitride formed by the alloy elements are not dissolved at a low temperature, and undissolved second phase particles are pinned at a grain boundary and play a role in inhibiting the growth of austenite grain size. Along with the increase of the holding time, the second phase particles which play a pinning role in the crystal boundary are slowly dissolved, the pinning role is weakened, and the crystal grains grow and coarsen when exceeding a certain critical value. The quenching heating mode adopted by the process shortens the heat preservation time of the high-temperature section, well switches the heat preservation time of the high-temperature section to the low-temperature section and the medium-high temperature section, enables the high-temperature section to be processed between the low-temperature section and the medium-high temperature section, enables the low-temperature section to complete partial austenitization, performs austenitization by rapidly heating to the high-temperature section and preserving heat for a short time, prevents crystal grains from growing, and finally preserves heat again in the medium-high temperature section to complete the whole austenitization process.
(2) The mechanical properties of the low-alloy high-temperature bolt after heat treatment are as follows after the finished product sampling test: rp0.2 ═ 893MPa, Rm ═ 965MPa, a ═ 18%, Z ═ 65%, impact toughness (KU)2) 107, 104, 112, hardness HBW 302, 288, 293, austenite grain size: and 6, grade.
(3) The heat treatment process of the invention obviously reduces the power consumption, prolongs the service life of heat treatment equipment, reduces the maintenance time and improves the production efficiency. Calculated according to the average electricity saving of 600 plus 700 for heat treatment of one furnace steel, the production cost can be saved by about 600 plus 750 yuan per furnace.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be noted that the following embodiments are only for explaining and illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but rather, may be modified within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
A low-alloy high-temperature bolt comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 0.22% of C, 0.65% of Si, 0.55% of Mn, 1.20% of Cr, 0.32% of Ni, 1.00% of Mo, 0.16% of Ti, 0.65% of V, 0.25% of Cu, 0.015% of N, 0.002% of B, 0.21% of Nb, 0.015% of P, 0.015% of S and the balance of Fe.
The low-alloy high-temperature bolt is prepared according to the following heat treatment process:
(1) quenching: a trolley type heat treatment furnace is adopted, resistance heating is carried out, the heat preservation time of the heat treatment furnace is 10T, the temperature is firstly kept at 950 ℃ for 1-1.2 h, then the temperature is raised to 1030 ℃ and kept for 3-5min, the temperature raising speed is 10 ℃/min, then the temperature is lowered to 1000 ℃ and kept for 0.5h, the alloy is taken out and cooled by water, and the surface temperature of the alloy after water cooling is 100-150 ℃;
(2) tempering: and (3) adopting a trolley type heat treatment furnace, heating by resistance, wherein the tonnage of the heat treatment furnace is 6T, heating the heat-preserved alloy to 710 ℃ at the heating speed of 1-1.5 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 1.5-2 h, cooling to 520 ℃ at the cooling speed of 40-50 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 20-30 min, taking out, and carrying out air cooling to the room temperature.
The low-alloy high-temperature bolt in the embodiment 1 may be prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 0.20-0.23% of C, 0.60-0.70% of Si, 0.55-0.65% of Mn, 1.20-1.35% of Cr, 0.30-0.40% of Ni, 0.95-1.10% of Mo, 0.15-0.18% of Ti, 0.60-0.70% of V, less than or equal to 0.25% of Cu, 0.01-0.02% of N, 0.001-0.003% of B, 0.18-0.22% of Nb, less than or equal to 0.015% of P, less than or equal to 0.015% of S, and the balance of Fe. If the low-alloy high-temperature bolt within the element range is subjected to the heat treatment process, the product with room-temperature mechanical properties and high-temperature properties similar to those of the product in example 1 can be obtained.
Comparative example 1
(1) Performing quenching, namely preserving heat for 1-1.2 h at 950 ℃, then heating to 1010 ℃, preserving heat for 1.5h, and then performing water cooling;
(2) and tempering and preserving heat for 2.5 hours at 600 ℃.
Comparative example 2
(1) Performing quenching, namely preserving heat for 1-1.2 h at 1020 ℃, then heating to 1030 ℃, preserving heat for 1.5h, and then performing water cooling;
(2) and tempering and preserving heat for 2.5 hours at 650 ℃.
Experimental example 1
The samples of example 1 and comparative examples 1 and 2 after heat treatment were tested for their properties: sampling quantity: tensile test sample 1, impact test sample 3, metallographic test sample 1, hardness test sample 3 (measured on impact test sample); and detection is carried out according to the requirements of GB/T228, GB/T229, GB/T231 and GB/T6394. The results are shown in tables 1 and 2:
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002609635690000081
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0002609635690000082
Experimental example 2
The low-alloy high-temperature bolt of example 1 is prepared according to the heat treatment process in patent CN 110106397A, and the energy consumption cost for processing the same low-alloy high-temperature bolt is compared with that of the scheme in patent CN 110106397A, and the results show that: compared with the method in the patent CN 110106397A, the energy consumption cost for smelting the same low-alloy high-temperature bolt by the heat treatment process in the embodiment 1 of the invention is reduced by 30 percent.

Claims (7)

1. The preparation process of the low-alloy high-temperature bolt is characterized by comprising the following steps of: when the heat treatment is carried out, the low-alloy high-temperature bolt is subjected to the following heat treatment: (1) quenching: heating to 950 ℃ at a speed of 80-100 ℃/h, preserving heat for 1-1.2 h, then heating to 1030 ℃ and preserving heat for 3-5min, then cooling to 1000 ℃ and preserving heat for 0.5h, taking out and carrying out water cooling; (2) tempering: heating to 710 ℃ at a speed of 80-100 ℃/h, preserving heat for 1.5-2 h, air-cooling to 520 ℃ and preserving heat for 20-30 min, taking out and air-cooling; the low-alloy high-temperature bolt comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 0.20-0.23% of C, 0.60-0.70% of Si, 0.55-0.65% of Mn, 1.20-1.35% of Cr, 0.30-0.40% of Ni, 0.95-1.10% of Mo, 0.15-0.18% of Ti, 0.60-0.70% of V, 0.01-0.25% of Cu, 0.01-0.02% of N, 0.001-0.003% of B, 0.19-0.22% of Nb, less than or equal to 0.015% of P, less than or equal to 0.015% of S and the balance of Fe.
2. The process for preparing a low-alloy high-temperature bolt according to claim 1, wherein the temperature rise rate from 950 ℃ to 1030 ℃ in the step (1) is 10 ℃/min.
3. The process for preparing a low-alloy high-temperature bolt according to claim 1, wherein the cooling rate from 1030 ℃ to 1000 ℃ in the step (1) is 8 ℃/min.
4. The preparation process of the low-alloy high-temperature bolt according to claim 1, wherein the surface temperature of the alloy after water cooling in the step (1) is 100-150 ℃.
5. The process for preparing a low-alloy high-temperature bolt according to claim 1, wherein the cooling rate of the low-alloy high-temperature bolt from 710 ℃ to 520 ℃ in the step (2) is 40-50 ℃/min.
6. The process for preparing the low-alloy high-temperature bolt according to claim 1, wherein the quenching adopts a trolley type heat treatment furnace, resistance heating and the tonnage of the heat treatment furnace is 10T.
7. The process for preparing the low-alloy high-temperature bolt according to claim 1, wherein the tempering adopts a car-type heat treatment furnace, resistance heating and the tonnage of the heat treatment furnace is 6T.
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