CN113564428B - High-strength plastic casting hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength plastic casting hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-strength plastic cast hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of metal materials. The high-strength plastic casting hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 7.0-8.0 wt.%, Cu: 1.0-2.5 wt.%, Mg: 0.40-0.50 wt.%, Mn: 0.25-0.35 wt.%, B: 0.020-0.035 wt.%, Sb: 0.1-0.2 wt.%, Zn: 0.60-0.80 wt.%, the content of inevitable impurities is less than or equal to 0.2 wt.%, and the balance is Al. The preparation method comprises the following steps: and after the aluminum ingot, the Al-20Si, the Al-10Mn and the Al-50Cu alloy are completely melted, sequentially adding Al-3B, Mg, Zn and Sb, and casting and forming to obtain the high-strength plastic casting hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy. According to the alloy obtained by the invention, B, Sb and Zn are added into the aluminum-silicon alloy, the microstructure morphology of the alloy is synergistically regulated, and meanwhile, the alloy has the integrated effects of refining and modification, and the mechanical property of the alloy is obviously improved. The yield strength, the tensile strength and the elongation of the high-strength plastic casting hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy obtained by the invention are respectively 150MPa, 281MPa and 9.3 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal material processing, and particularly relates to a high-strength plastic cast hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The cast hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy has the advantages of good fluidity and formability, good comprehensive performance and the like, and is widely applied to the production of parts of key parts in the fields of automobiles, aerospace and the like in actual production. Among them, the as-cast structure and properties of cast hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloys are particularly important. However, the cast structure of the common cast hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy has the phenomena of large dendritic crystal size of alpha-Al and long-strip needle or long and thin plate shape of eutectic Si, and the strength and the plasticity of the alloy are seriously influenced. At present, Al-5Ti-B refiner is commonly used for refining alpha-Al in the process of casting hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy, but researches show that the poisoning refining effect generated by the Al-5Ti-B refiner seriously influences the mechanical property of the alloy. Meanwhile, the modification method for casting the hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy mainly comprises Na modification, Sr modification and the like. Na is easy to decay and lose efficacy although the deterioration effect is good, and smoke is easy to generate in the adding process to pollute the environment; although Sr modification has the advantages of obvious modification effect, long-acting property and the like, the Sr modification has the defects of long modification latency period, serious inspiration tendency, serious burning loss, easy generation of pores, shrinkage porosity and the like in tissues.
In summary, in order to solve the problem of poor modification effect of coarse α -Al dendrites and modifiers such as Na and Sr existing in the cast hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy, how to develop a low-cost alloy having both refining and modification effects is a technical problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a high-strength plastic cast hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 7.0-8.0 wt.%, Cu: 1.0-2.5 wt.%, Mg: 0.40-0.50 wt.%, Mn: 0.25-0.35 wt.%, B: 0.020-0.035 wt.%, Sb: 0.1-0.2 wt.%, Zn: 0.60-0.80 wt.%, the content of inevitable impurities is less than or equal to 0.2 wt.%, and the balance is Al; the high-strength plastic casting hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy is prepared by the following method steps:
step 1: melting an aluminum ingot and an Al-20Si alloy at 750-800 ℃, adding an Al-10Mn and Al-50Cu intermediate alloy, and standing for 30-60 minutes; sequentially adding Al-3B intermediate alloy, Mg, Zn and Sb at 730-740 ℃, uniformly stirring, and standing for 30-60 minutes to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy melt 1;
step 2: cooling the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 1 obtained in the step 1 to 680-730 ℃, and adding C2Cl6Refining with a KF refining agent, introducing high-purity argon, degassing, removing impurities, refining, and keeping the temperature for 10-30 minutes to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy melt 2;
and step 3: and (3) injecting the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 2 obtained in the step (2) into an iron mold preheated to 250-300 ℃ at 650-720 ℃ for casting and forming to obtain the high-strength plastic casting hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy.
Further, the paint comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 7.5-8.0 wt.%, Cu: 1.0-2.0 wt.%, Mg: 0.45-0.50 wt.%, Mn: 0.30-0.35 wt.%, B: 0.030-0.035 wt.%, Sb: 0.15-0.20 wt.%, Zn: 0.70-0.80 wt.%, the content of inevitable impurities is less than or equal to 0.2 wt.%, and the balance is Al.
Further, the aluminum ingot and the Al-20Si alloy in the step 1 are melted at 780-800 ℃.
Further, the Al-10Mn and Al-50Cu intermediate alloy in the step 1 is kept stand for 30-40 minutes; and sequentially adding Al-3B intermediate alloy, Mg, Zn and Sb at 730-740 ℃, uniformly stirring, and standing for 30-50 minutes to obtain the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 1.
Further, in the step 2, the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 1 is cooled to 700-730 ℃, and C is added2Cl6And KF refining agent.
Further, injecting the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 2 obtained in the step 3 into an iron mold preheated to 250-300 ℃ at 690-720 ℃ for forming to obtain the high-strength plastic casting hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method, B, Sb and Zn are added into the aluminum-silicon alloy, and the hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy with low cost and high strength, which has the integrated refining and modification effects, is developed through synergistic refining and modification.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) according to the method provided by the invention, the alpha-Al dendrite is regulated and controlled by the Al-3B refiner, so that the size of the dendrite is obviously reduced.
(2) The method provided by the invention adopts the Sb modification method, and overcomes the defects that Na modification is easy to decline and Sr modification has serious inspiration tendency, and pores and shrinkage porosity are easy to generate; the raw materials used in the preparation method are safe and environment-friendly, and have good metamorphic effect, the porosity and shrinkage in the alloy as-cast structure are low, and the mechanical property is obviously improved.
(3) The method provided by the invention adds 0.75wt.% Zn element, eutectic reaction induced by Zn and Si limits {111}SiGrowth trend on the surface and refinement of modified eutectic Si in cooperation with Sb; meanwhile, part of harmful beta-Fe phase is converted into pi-Fe phase (Fe is mainly impurity), and the influence of beta-Fe phase on substrate cutting is reduced. Therefore, the structural morphology of the metamorphic eutectic Si and the Fe-rich phase is regulated and controlled by adding Zn element, and the mechanical property of the alloy is improved.
In conclusion, the invention provides a cast hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy with high strength and high plasticity, which is obtained by regulating and refining alpha-Al by using Al-3B and cooperatively regulating and controlling the microstructure of modified eutectic Si and Fe-rich phase by using Sb and Zn elements. The method has the advantages of low cost, good refining effect, good deterioration effect, short incubation period, no degeneracy, no inspiration tendency, etc. The tensile strength of the obtained aluminum-silicon alloy is 281MPa, the yield strength is 150MPa, and the elongation is 9.3 percent.
Drawings
FIGS. 1(a) and (b) are microstructure polarization photographs of the alloys of comparative example 1 and example 1, respectively;
FIGS. 2(a) and (b) are photomicrographs of the microstructures of the alloys of comparative example 1 and example 1, respectively.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and effects of the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of examples and comparative examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The following examples and comparative examples used starting materials of 99.75% aluminum ingot, Al-20Si, Al-50Cu, Al-10Mn master alloy, Al-3B master alloy, 99.99% magnesium, 99.99% antimony, 99.99% zinc.
Example 1
The hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy cast by high-strength plastic comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 7.5 wt.%, Cu: 2.0 wt.%, Mg: 0.50 wt.%, Mn: 0.35 wt.%, B: 0.030 wt.%, Sb: 0.2 wt.%, Zn: 0.75 wt.%, the content of unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.2 wt.%, and the balance is Al, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step 1: melting an aluminum ingot and an Al-20Si alloy at 780-800 ℃, adding an Al-10Mn and Al-50Cu intermediate alloy, and standing for 30-40 minutes; sequentially adding Al-3B intermediate alloy, Mg, Zn and Sb at 730-740 ℃, uniformly stirring, and standing for 30-50 minutes to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy melt 1;
step 2: cooling the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 1 obtained in the step 1 to 700-730 ℃, and adding C2Cl6Refining with a KF refining agent, introducing high-purity argon, degassing, removing impurities, refining, and keeping the temperature for 10-30 minutes to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy melt 2;
and step 3: and (3) injecting the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 2 obtained in the step (2) into an iron mold preheated to 250-300 ℃ at 690-720 ℃ for casting and forming to obtain the high-strength plastic casting hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy.
Example 2
The hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy cast by high-strength plastic comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 7.5 wt.%, Cu: 1.0 wt.%, Mg: 0.50 wt.%, Mn: 0.35 wt.%, B: 0.030 wt.%, Sb: 0.2 wt.%, Zn: 0.75 wt.%, the content of unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.2 wt.%, and the balance is Al, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step 1: melting an aluminum ingot and an Al-20Si alloy at 780-800 ℃, adding an Al-10Mn and Al-50Cu intermediate alloy, and standing for 30-40 minutes; sequentially adding Al-3B intermediate alloy, Mg, Zn and Sb at 730-740 ℃, uniformly stirring, and standing for 30-50 minutes to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy melt 1;
step 2: cooling the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 1 obtained in the step 1 to 700-730 ℃, and adding C2Cl6Refining with a KF refining agent, introducing high-purity argon, degassing, removing impurities, refining, and keeping the temperature for 10-30 minutes to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy melt 2;
and step 3: and (3) injecting the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 2 obtained in the step (2) into an iron mold preheated to 250-300 ℃ at 690-720 ℃ for casting and forming to obtain the high-strength plastic casting hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy.
Example 3
The hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy cast by high-strength plastic comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 7.5 wt.%, Cu: 2.0 wt.%, Mg: 0.50 wt.%, Mn: 0.35 wt.%, B: 0.030 wt.%, Sb: 0.2 wt.%, Zn: 0.75 wt.%, the content of unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.2 wt.%, and the balance is Al, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step 1: melting an aluminum ingot and an Al-20Si alloy at 780-800 ℃, adding an Al-10Mn and Al-50Cu intermediate alloy, and standing for 30-40 minutes; sequentially adding Al-3B intermediate alloy, Mg, Zn and Sb at 730-740 ℃, uniformly stirring, and standing for 30-50 minutes to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy melt 1;
step 2: cooling the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 1 obtained in the step 1 to 700-730 ℃, and adding C2Cl6Refining with a KF refining agent, introducing high-purity argon, degassing, removing impurities, refining, and keeping the temperature for 10-30 minutes to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy melt 2;
and step 3: and (3) injecting the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 2 obtained in the step (2) into an iron mold preheated to 250-300 ℃ at 710-720 ℃ for casting and forming to obtain the high-strength plastic casting hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy.
Example 4
The hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy cast by high-strength plastic comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 7.5 wt.%, Cu: 2.0 wt.%, Mg: 0.50 wt.%, Mn: 0.35 wt.%, B: 0.030 wt.%, Sb: 0.2 wt.%, Zn: 0.75 wt.%, the content of unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.2 wt.%, and the balance is Al, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step 1: melting an aluminum ingot and an Al-20Si alloy at 780-800 ℃, adding an Al-10Mn and Al-50Cu intermediate alloy, and standing for 30-40 minutes; sequentially adding Al-3B intermediate alloy, Mg, Zn and Sb at 730-740 ℃, uniformly stirring, and standing for 30-50 minutes to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy melt 1;
step 2: cooling the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 1 obtained in the step 1 to 700-730 ℃, and adding C2Cl6Refining with a KF refining agent, introducing high-purity argon, degassing, removing impurities, refining, and keeping the temperature for 10-30 minutes to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy melt 2;
and step 3: and (3) injecting the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 2 obtained in the step (2) into an iron mold preheated to 250-300 ℃ at 690-700 ℃ for casting and forming to obtain the high-strength plastic casting hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy.
Example 5
The hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy cast by high-strength plastic comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 7.5 wt.%, Cu: 2.0 wt.%, Mg: 0.50 wt.%, Mn: 0.35 wt.%, B: 0.035 wt.%, Sb: 0.15 wt.%, Zn: 0.8 wt.%, the content of unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.2 wt.%, and the balance is Al, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step 1: melting an aluminum ingot and an Al-20Si alloy at 780-800 ℃, adding an Al-10Mn and Al-50Cu intermediate alloy, and standing for 30-40 minutes; sequentially adding Al-3B intermediate alloy, Mg, Zn and Sb at 730-740 ℃, uniformly stirring, and standing for 30-50 minutes to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy melt 1;
step 2: cooling the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 1 obtained in the step 1 to 700-730 ℃, and adding C2Cl6Refining with a KF refining agent, introducing high-purity argon, degassing, removing impurities, refining, and keeping the temperature for 10-30 minutes to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy melt 2;
and step 3: and (3) injecting the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 2 obtained in the step (2) into an iron mold preheated to 250-300 ℃ at 690-720 ℃ for casting and forming to obtain the high-strength plastic casting hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy.
Comparative example 1
The cast hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 7.5 wt.%, Cu: 2.0 wt.%, Mg: 0.50 wt.%, Mn: 0.35 wt.%, the content of unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.2 wt.%, and the balance is Al, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step 1: melting an aluminum ingot and an Al-20Si alloy at 780-800 ℃, adding an Al-10Mn and Al-50Cu intermediate alloy, and standing for 30-40 minutes; adding Mg at 730-740 ℃, uniformly stirring, and standing for 30-50 minutes to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy melt 1;
step 2: cooling the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 1 obtained in the step 1 to 700-730 ℃, and adding C2Cl6Refining with KF refining agentSmelting, introducing high-purity argon, performing degassing, impurity removal and refining treatment, and preserving heat for 10-30 minutes to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy melt 2;
and step 3: and (3) injecting the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 2 obtained in the step (2) into an iron mold preheated to 250-300 ℃ at 690-720 ℃ for casting and forming to obtain the cast hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy.
Comparative example 2
The cast hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 7.5 wt.%, Cu: 2.0 wt.%, Mg: 0.50 wt.%, Mn: 0.35 wt.%, Sr: 0.02 wt.%, the content of unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.2 wt.%, and the balance is Al, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step 1: melting an aluminum ingot and an Al-20Si alloy at 780-800 ℃, adding an Al-10Mn and Al-50Cu intermediate alloy, and standing for 30-40 minutes; adding Al-10Sr and Mg at 730-740 ℃, uniformly stirring, and standing for 30-50 minutes to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy melt 1;
step 2: cooling the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 1 obtained in the step 1 to 700-730 ℃, and adding C2Cl6Refining with a KF refining agent, introducing high-purity argon, degassing, removing impurities, refining, and keeping the temperature for 10-30 minutes to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy melt 2;
and step 3: and (3) injecting the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 2 obtained in the step (2) into an iron mold preheated to 250-300 ℃ at 690-720 ℃ for casting and forming to obtain the cast hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy.
Comparative example 3
The cast hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 7.5 wt.%, Cu: 2.0 wt.%, Mg: 0.50 wt.%, Mn: 0.35 wt.%, B: 0.030 wt.%, the content of unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.2 wt.%, and the balance is Al, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step 1: melting an aluminum ingot and an Al-20Si alloy at 780-800 ℃, adding an Al-10Mn and Al-50Cu intermediate alloy, and standing for 30-40 minutes; sequentially adding Al-3B intermediate alloy and Mg at 730-740 ℃, uniformly stirring, and standing for 30-50 minutes to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy melt 1;
step (ii) of2: cooling the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 1 obtained in the step 1 to 700-730 ℃, and adding C2Cl6Refining with a KF refining agent, introducing high-purity argon, degassing, removing impurities, refining, and keeping the temperature for 10-30 minutes to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy melt 2;
and step 3: and (3) injecting the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 2 obtained in the step (2) into an iron mold preheated to 250-300 ℃ at 690-720 ℃ for casting and forming to obtain the cast hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy.
Comparative example 4
The cast hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 7.5 wt.%, Cu: 2.0 wt.%, Mg: 0.50 wt.%, Mn: 0.35 wt.%, Zn: 0.75 wt.%, the content of unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.2 wt.%, and the balance is Al, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step 1: melting an aluminum ingot and an Al-20Si alloy at 780-800 ℃, adding an Al-10Mn and Al-50Cu intermediate alloy, and standing for 30-40 minutes; adding Mg and Zn at 730-740 ℃, uniformly stirring, and standing for 30-50 minutes to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy melt 1;
step 2: cooling the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 1 obtained in the step 1 to 700-730 ℃, and adding C2Cl6Refining with a KF refining agent, introducing high-purity argon, degassing, removing impurities, refining, and keeping the temperature for 10-30 minutes to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy melt 2;
and step 3: and (3) injecting the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 2 obtained in the step (2) into an iron mold preheated to 250-300 ℃ at 690-720 ℃ for casting and forming to obtain the cast hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy.
Comparative example 5
The cast hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 7.5 wt.%, Cu: 2.0 wt.%, Mg: 0.50 wt.%, Mn: 0.35 wt.%, Sb: 0.2 wt.%, the content of unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.2 wt.%, and the balance is Al, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step 1: melting an aluminum ingot and an Al-20Si alloy at 780-800 ℃, adding an Al-10Mn and Al-50Cu intermediate alloy, and standing for 30-40 minutes; adding Mg and Sb at 730-740 ℃, uniformly stirring, and standing for 30-50 minutes to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy melt 1;
step 2: cooling the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 1 obtained in the step 1 to 700-730 ℃, and adding C2Cl6Refining with a KF refining agent, introducing high-purity argon, degassing, removing impurities, refining, and keeping the temperature for 10-30 minutes to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy melt 2;
and step 3: and (3) injecting the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 2 obtained in the step (2) into an iron mold preheated to 250-300 ℃ at 690-720 ℃ for casting and forming to obtain the cast hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy.
Comparative example 6
The cast hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 7.5 wt.%, Cu: 2.0 wt.%, Mg: 0.50 wt.%, Mn: 0.35 wt.%, B: 0.030 wt.%, Sr: 0.02 wt.%, the content of unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.2 wt.%, and the balance is Al, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step 1: melting an aluminum ingot and an Al-20Si alloy at 780-800 ℃, adding an Al-10Mn and Al-50Cu intermediate alloy, and standing for 30-40 minutes; sequentially adding Al-3B intermediate alloy, Al-10Sr and Mg at 730-740 ℃, uniformly stirring, and standing for 30-50 minutes to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy melt 1;
step 2: cooling the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 1 obtained in the step 1 to 700-730 ℃, and adding C2Cl6Refining with a KF refining agent, introducing high-purity argon, degassing, removing impurities, refining, and keeping the temperature for 10-30 minutes to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy melt 2;
and step 3: and (3) injecting the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 2 obtained in the step (2) into an iron mold preheated to 250-300 ℃ at 690-720 ℃ for casting and forming to obtain the cast hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy.
Comparative example 7
The cast hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 7.5 wt.%, Cu: 2.0 wt.%, Mg: 0.50 wt.%, Mn: 0.35 wt.%, B: 0.030 wt.%, Sb: 0.2 wt.%, the content of unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.2 wt.%, and the balance is Al, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step 1: melting an aluminum ingot and an Al-20Si alloy at 780-800 ℃, adding an Al-10Mn and Al-50Cu intermediate alloy, and standing for 30-40 minutes; sequentially adding Al-3B intermediate alloy, Mg and Sb at 730-740 ℃, uniformly stirring, and standing for 30-50 minutes to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy melt 1;
step 2: cooling the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 1 obtained in the step 1 to 700-730 ℃, and adding C2Cl6Refining with a KF refining agent, introducing high-purity argon, degassing, removing impurities, refining, and keeping the temperature for 10-30 minutes to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy melt 2;
and step 3: and (3) injecting the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 2 obtained in the step (2) into an iron mold preheated to 250-300 ℃ at 690-720 ℃ for casting and forming to obtain the cast hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy.
Comparative example 8
The cast hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 7.5 wt.%, Cu: 2.0 wt.%, Mg: 0.50 wt.%, Mn: 0.35 wt.%, B: 0.030 wt.%, Zn: 0.75 wt.%, the content of unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.2 wt.%, and the balance is Al, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step 1: melting an aluminum ingot and an Al-20Si alloy at 780-800 ℃, adding an Al-10Mn and Al-50Cu intermediate alloy, and standing for 30-40 minutes; sequentially adding Al-3B intermediate alloy, Mg and Zn at 730-740 ℃, uniformly stirring, and standing for 30-50 minutes to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy melt 1;
step 2: cooling the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 1 obtained in the step 1 to 700-730 ℃, and adding C2Cl6Refining with a KF refining agent, introducing high-purity argon, degassing, removing impurities, refining, and keeping the temperature for 10-30 minutes to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy melt 2;
and step 3: and (3) injecting the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 2 obtained in the step (2) into an iron mold preheated to 250-300 ℃ at 690-720 ℃ for casting and forming to obtain the cast hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy.
Comparative example 9
The cast hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 7.5 wt.%, Cu: 2.0 wt.%, Mg: 0.50 wt.%, Mn: 0.35 wt.%, B: 0.030 wt.%, Sr: 0.02 wt.%, Zn: 0.75 wt.%, the content of unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.2 wt.%, and the balance is Al, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step 1: melting an aluminum ingot and an Al-20Si alloy at 780-800 ℃, adding an Al-10Mn and Al-50Cu intermediate alloy, and standing for 30-40 minutes; sequentially adding Al-3B intermediate alloy, Al-10Sr, Mg and Zn at 730-740 ℃, uniformly stirring, and standing for 30-50 minutes to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy melt 1;
step 2: cooling the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 1 obtained in the step 1 to 700-730 ℃, and adding C2Cl6Refining with a KF refining agent, introducing high-purity argon, degassing, removing impurities, refining, and keeping the temperature for 10-30 minutes to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy melt 2;
and step 3: and (3) injecting the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 2 obtained in the step (2) into an iron mold preheated to 250-300 ℃ at 690-720 ℃ for casting and forming to obtain the cast hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy.
Comparative example 10
The cast hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 7.5 wt.%, Cu: 2.0 wt.%, Mg: 0.50 wt.%, Mn: 0.35 wt.%, Sb: 0.2 wt.%, Sr: 0.02 wt.%, Zn: 0.75 wt.%, the content of unavoidable impurities is less than or equal to 0.2 wt.%, and the balance is Al, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step 1: melting an aluminum ingot and an Al-20Si alloy at 780-800 ℃, adding an Al-10Mn and Al-50Cu intermediate alloy, and standing for 30-40 minutes; sequentially adding Al-10Sr, Mg, Zn and Sb at the temperature of 730-740 ℃, uniformly stirring, and standing for 30-50 minutes to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy melt 1;
step 2: cooling the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 1 obtained in the step 1 to 700-730 ℃, and adding C2Cl6Refining with a KF refining agent, introducing high-purity argon, degassing, removing impurities, refining, and keeping the temperature for 10-30 minutes to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy melt 2;
and step 3: and (3) injecting the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 2 obtained in the step (2) into an iron mold preheated to 250-300 ℃ at 690-720 ℃ for casting and forming to obtain the cast hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy.
According to the national standard GB/T228.1-2010 of the people's republic of China, the cast hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloys of the examples 1 and 3 and the comparative examples 1-10 are processed into standard tensile samples, room-temperature tensile mechanical properties are performed on an Shimadzu tensile testing machine, the tensile rate is 0.6mm/min, and the test results are shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 comparison of mechanical Properties of cast hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys obtained in examples 1 and 3
TABLE 2 comparison of mechanical Properties of cast hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys obtained in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 10
As can be seen from Table 1, comparative examples 1 and 3 show that adjusting the process parameters of the melting process also has some influence on the mechanical properties of the alloy. As can be seen from table 2, the aluminum-silicon alloy obtained in comparative example 1 has significantly lower tensile properties than the other comparative examples without adding any refiner or modifier. It is found that the addition of any one element of Sr, B, Sb and Zn alone can improve the strength or plasticity to some extent, but the effect is limited; therefore, we further adopt a compound addition mode of two elements of B + Sr, B + Sb and B + Zn, and as can be seen from Table 2, the mechanical properties of the alloy are improved. But form SrB due to B, Sr combination6And the mutual poisoning phenomenon makes the tensile property of the composite material far inferior to that of the other two composite addition modes. The influence of the addition of the three elements on the alloy structure and the mechanical property is further explored through the comparison of example 1, comparative example 9 and comparative example 10. Wherein, the aluminum-silicon alloy structure obtained in the embodiment 1 has larger vortex, and the microscopic fracture presents part of small dimples; the aluminum-silicon alloys obtained in comparative examples 9 and 10 had a small number of dimples at microscopic fracture, and consisted of a large number of dissociated facets, most of which was SiThe phase proximity causes stress concentration, when the critical stress is reached, the Si phase and the matrix are separated at the interface to form holes, and gradually develop into macrocracks to cause brittle fracture, and the plasticity is low.
Meanwhile, the sizes of the matrix structures of the aluminum-silicon alloy obtained in the example 1 are obviously reduced compared with the sizes of the matrix structures of the aluminum-silicon alloy obtained in the comparative example 1, and the average sizes of the matrix structures of the aluminum-silicon alloy obtained in the example 1 and the aluminum-silicon alloy obtained in the comparative example 1 are respectively about 218 μm and 803 μm through statistics of the sizes of the matrix; in the aluminum-silicon alloy obtained in comparative example 1, the eutectic Si is mainly in the form of needles or laths. The eutectic Si morphology in the aluminum-silicon alloy obtained in example 1 is significantly improved, changing from needle-like to fine fibrous. Therefore, the aluminum-silicon alloy obtained by the invention adjusts and controls the alloy microstructure by adding B, Sb and Zn, and obviously improves the mechanical property of the alloy.
In conclusion, the invention develops the alloy with low cost, good refining effect, good modification effect, short latency, no recession and no air suction tendency by adding three elements of B, Sb and Zn into the aluminum-silicon alloy, and finally obtains the aluminum-silicon alloy with the yield strength of-150 MPa, the tensile strength of-281 MPa and the elongation of-9.3 percent. The high-strength plastic casting hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy has simple preparation process and is suitable for industrial production.
Claims (5)
1. A high-strength plastic casting hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy is characterized in that: the composition comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 7.5-8.0 wt.%, Cu: 1.0-2.0 wt.%, Mg: 0.45-0.50 wt.%, Mn: 0.30-0.35 wt.%, B: 0.030-0.035 wt.%, Sb: 0.15-0.20 wt.%, Zn: 0.75-0.80 wt.%, the content of inevitable impurities is less than or equal to 0.2 wt.%, and the balance is Al; the high-strength plastic casting hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy is prepared by the following method steps:
step 1: melting an aluminum ingot and an Al-20Si alloy at 750-800 ℃, adding an Al-10Mn and Al-50Cu intermediate alloy, and standing for 30-60 minutes; sequentially adding Al-3B intermediate alloy, Mg, Zn and Sb at 730-740 ℃, uniformly stirring, and standing for 30-60 minutes to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy melt 1;
step 2: cooling the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 1 obtained in the step 1 to 680-730 ℃, and adding C2Cl6Refining with a KF refining agent, introducing high-purity argon, degassing, removing impurities, refining, and keeping the temperature for 10-30 minutes to obtain an aluminum-silicon alloy melt 2;
and step 3: and (3) injecting the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 2 obtained in the step (2) into an iron mold preheated to 250-300 ℃ at 650-720 ℃ for casting and forming to obtain the high-strength plastic casting hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy.
2. A high strength cast hypoeutectic al-si alloy, according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 1, melting an aluminum ingot and an Al-20Si alloy at 780-800 ℃.
3. A high strength cast hypoeutectic al-si alloy, according to claim 1, wherein: adding Al-10Mn and Al-50Cu intermediate alloy in the step 1, and standing for 30-40 minutes; and sequentially adding Al-3B intermediate alloy, Mg, Zn and Sb at 730-740 ℃, uniformly stirring, and standing for 30-50 minutes to obtain the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 1.
4. A high strength cast hypoeutectic al-si alloy, according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 2, the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 1 is cooled to 700-730 ℃, and C is added2Cl6And KF refining agent.
5. A high strength cast hypoeutectic al-si alloy, according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) injecting the aluminum-silicon alloy melt 2 into an iron mold preheated to 250-300 ℃ at 690-720 ℃ for forming to obtain the high-strength plastic casting hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy.
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