CN113564364A - Method for recovering valuable metal from retired automobile three-way catalyst - Google Patents
Method for recovering valuable metal from retired automobile three-way catalyst Download PDFInfo
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- CN113564364A CN113564364A CN202110871258.9A CN202110871258A CN113564364A CN 113564364 A CN113564364 A CN 113564364A CN 202110871258 A CN202110871258 A CN 202110871258A CN 113564364 A CN113564364 A CN 113564364A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/009—General processes for recovering metals or metallic compounds from spent catalysts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/005—Separation by a physical processing technique only, e.g. by mechanical breaking
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for recovering valuable metals from a retired automobile three-way catalyst, which relates to the technical field of the recovery and reuse of the retired automobile three-way catalyst, and comprises the following steps: (1) soot blowing and crushing a retired automobile three-way catalyst, and putting the crushed retired automobile three-way catalyst into a rotary centrifugal device, wherein the rotary centrifugal device comprises a centrifugal tank and a driving unit, the driving unit drives the centrifugal tank to rotate, and a filter screen is arranged in the centrifugal tank; (2) heating to 500 ℃, and preserving heat for 2-4 h; (3) and continuously heating to 1460-. The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the traditional wet process, the method does not use acid-base chemical reagents, thereby avoiding the pollution to the environment; compared with the traditional pyrogenic process, no other metal trapping agent is added, and the purification step is simplified.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of recycling of a retired automobile three-way catalyst, in particular to a method for recycling valuable metals from a retired automobile three-way catalyst.
Background
The official website of the traffic administration of the department of public security publishes statistical data to show that the number of motor vehicles in the nation in 2020 reaches 3.72 hundred million, wherein the number of automobiles is 2.81 million. By the end of 2020, the new energy automobiles in China keep 492 thousands of automobiles, which account for 1.75 percent of the total amount of automobiles. At present, most automobiles are still driven by internal combustion engines, and in order to reduce the pollution to the environment and control the exhaust emission of the automobiles, three-way catalysts are installed on all internal combustion engine vehicles to purify the exhaust. The three-way catalyst can cause various performances to be reduced until the three-way catalyst fails after being used for a long time, and common failure factors comprise high-temperature inactivation, chemical poisoning, surface carbon deposition, exhaust deterioration, oxygen transmission failure and the like. The result of the high temperature deactivation is a substantial reduction in the active surface area of the three-way catalyst. The reasons for the deactivation of the three-way catalyst in practice are long-term high-speed heavy-load operation of the automobile, violent reaction of unburned gas mixture in the three-way catalyst, and the like. The chemical poisoning is mainly that some chemical poisons in fuel and lubricating oil, such as Pb, S, P and the like, are adsorbed on the catalyst, so that the catalyst is poisoned, and the effective catalyst area is reduced. The surface carbon deposition is mainly that carbon smoke is accumulated for a long time to block pores. Exhaust deterioration refers to the triggering of high temperature deactivation when excessive oxidation reactions occur in the exhaust gas if there are large amounts of CO and HC. The oxygen transfer failure is caused by poor air-fuel ratio when the oxygen sensor works abnormally, and finally the efficiency of the three-way catalyst is reduced. In view of the fact that the three-way catalytic converter is extremely large in using quantity and contains platinum group metals which are deficient in resources in China, the recycling work of the three-way catalytic converter is not slow.
The noble metal recovery process and method of the cordierite honeycomb ceramic carrier loaded three-way catalyst are divided into two major categories: wet recovery and pyrogenic recovery. The wet recovery technology is to dissolve the waste automobile exhaust catalyst in aqua regia or hydrochloric acid, hydrogen peroxide, bromate, nitrate, so that platinum group metals such as chloride ions are converted into complexes, thereby obtaining a concentrated platinum group metal solution. The pyrometallurgical process is to grind or melt the whole waste automobile exhaust catalyst, and add (directly add or blow in gas phase) copper, magnesium, calcium and the like as noble metal trapping agents to finally obtain the alloy of the platinum group metal and the trapping agents. The alloy can be directly used for preparing a catalyst, and can also be further refined to separate and purify platinum group metals. The main advantages of the pyrometallurgical process are that the process steps are simple, the recovery rate of platinum group metals is high, but the equipment requirement is high, the production energy consumption is large, the technical threshold of the process is increased, the economic benefit is reduced, and the difficulty of subsequent purification is increased by adding the trapping metal. The wet process has low energy consumption, low equipment requirement and relatively low technical threshold, and can recover metals and the like easily lost in the pyrometallurgical process, but has the defect that a large amount of acidic wastewater is generated, and if the acidic wastewater is not properly treated, the problem of serious environmental pollution is caused.
Patent No. CN 109207734B provides a method for extracting precious metals from three-way catalyst waste, comprising: the method comprises the steps of pretreatment, aqua regia leaching, platinum-palladium separation, platinum refining and palladium refining, and thus sponge platinum and sponge palladium are extracted from the three-way catalyst waste. The patent adopts a wet process to recover precious metals from the three-way catalyst of the retired automobile, and uses aqua regia. The patent application with the publication number of CN 110878392A discloses a method for recovering platinum, palladium and rhodium from a waste three-way catalyst, wherein the waste three-way catalyst and a slagging agent are heated to a material molten state, and a capturing agent of iron series metal is added; reacting the alloy powder containing platinum, palladium and rhodium with a sulfuric acid solution, and filtering to obtain mixed slag containing platinum, palladium and rhodium; after the mixed slag containing platinum, palladium and rhodium reacts with the nitric acid solution, the nitric acid solution containing palladium and the mixed slag containing platinum and rhodium are obtained by filtering; reacting the platinum-rhodium mixed slag with a mixed acid solution containing hydrochloric acid and nitric acid, and filtering to obtain platinum-containing aqua regia solution and rhodium slag; preparing a palladium-containing nitric acid solution, a platinum-containing aqua regia solution and rhodium slag into corresponding simple substances or compounds. The method uses a pyrogenic process to enrich the noble metal and then uses a wet process to purify the noble metal.
The prior art designs the purification of noble metals in the final process regardless of wet or fire processes, and acid-base reagents are needed in the process, which can affect the environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that in the prior art, valuable metals recovered from a retired automobile three-way catalyst need to be subjected to acid-base reagent, the environment is affected, the purification method is complex, and the method for recovering the valuable metals from the retired automobile three-way catalyst is simple and convenient to purify without using the acid-base reagent.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical means:
a method for recovering valuable metals from a retired automobile three-way catalyst comprises the following steps:
(1) soot blowing and crushing a three-way catalyst of a retired automobile, and putting the crushed three-way catalyst into a rotary centrifugal device, wherein the rotary centrifugal device comprises a centrifugal tank and a driving unit, the driving unit drives the centrifugal tank to rotate by taking the axis of the centrifugal tank as the radius, and a filter screen is arranged in the centrifugal tank;
(2) heating the retired automobile three-way catalyst in the centrifugal tank to 500 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2-4 h;
(3) and continuously heating to 1460-.
Has the advantages that: the method utilizes the difference of the melting points of the cordierite carrier and the noble metal to assist high-speed centrifugation to recover valuable metals of the three-way catalyst of the retired automobile. Compared with the traditional wet process, the method does not use acid-base chemical reagents, thereby avoiding the pollution to the environment; compared with the traditional pyrogenic process, no other metal trapping agent is added, and the purification step is simplified. The method has simple operation steps, is easy to implement, and the obtained noble metal has low impurity content.
Preferably, the rotary centrifuge further comprises a ballast tank and a centrifuge shaft; one end of the centrifugal shaft is connected with a driving unit, one end of the counterweight tank and one end of the centrifugal tank are respectively hinged with the side wall of the centrifugal shaft, the counterweight tank and the centrifugal tank are symmetrically arranged along the axis of the centrifugal shaft, and the driving unit rotates to drive the centrifugal shaft to rotate, so that the counterweight tank and the centrifugal tank rotate outwards by taking the centrifugal shaft as the axis;
the centrifugation jar is including a jar body, heating unit and filter screen, the heating unit is located a jar external wall, the filter screen is located jar internally, the filter screen is separated into the catalyst with jar body and is held the room and the carrier holds the room, the catalyst holds the room and is close to the setting of centrifugal axis, the catalyst holds and is equipped with the catalyst feed inlet on the room.
The working principle is as follows: and starting the driving unit, driving the centrifugal shaft to rotate by the driving unit, and rotating the centrifugal tank and the balance weight tank outwards under the action of centrifugal force. Heating to 500 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2-4h, removing carbon deposition in the three-way catalyst of the retired automobile, controlling the temperature to be increased to 1460-.
Preferably, the carrier of the retired automobile three-way catalyst is a cordierite carrier, and the valuable metals comprise platinum, palladium and rhodium.
Preferably, the retired automobile three-way catalyst is pulverized to 200 meshes after soot blowing.
Preferably, the ex-service automobile three-way catalyst is purged for 10min by air at 0.5 MPa.
Preferably, the size of the filter holes of the filter screen is 500 meshes.
Preferably, the filter screen is located 1/4 below the centrifuge bowl.
Preferably, the temperature is raised to 500 ℃ at 3 ℃/min.
Preferably, the temperature is raised to 1460-.
Preferably, the heating unit is a resistance coil.
Preferably, a shell is arranged on the outer side of the tank body, and the shell is made of tungsten steel.
Preferably, the outer side of the shell is provided with an insulating layer.
Preferably, the driving unit is located in the base, the driving unit is a rotating motor, and an output shaft of the rotating motor extends out of the top wall of the base.
Preferably, the counterweight tank is provided with a first feeding hole and a first discharging hole, the first feeding hole is provided with a first feeding valve, and the first discharging hole is provided with a first discharging valve
Preferably, a second feed inlet is formed in the top end of the catalyst containing chamber, a second discharge outlet is formed in the side wall of the catalyst containing chamber, a second feed valve is arranged on the second feed inlet, and a second discharge valve is arranged on the second discharge outlet.
Preferably, a third discharge hole is formed in the carrier accommodating chamber, and a third discharge valve is arranged on the third discharge hole.
The invention has the advantages that: the method utilizes the difference of the melting points of the cordierite carrier and the noble metal to assist high-speed centrifugation to recover valuable metals of the three-way catalyst of the retired automobile. Compared with the traditional wet process, the method does not use acid-base chemical reagents, thereby avoiding the pollution to the environment; compared with the traditional pyrogenic process, no other metal trapping agent is added, and the purification step is simplified. The method has simple operation steps, is easy to implement, and the obtained noble metal has low impurity content.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a rotary centrifuge apparatus according to embodiment 1 of the present invention during rotation;
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view showing the construction of a centrifugal pot in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view showing the construction of a weight tank in example 1 of the present invention;
in the figure: a counterweight tank 1; a first feed port 11; a first feed valve 12; a first discharge port 13; a first discharge valve 14; a centrifuge tank 2; a tank body 21; the catalyst accommodating chamber 211; the second feed port 2112; a second feed valve 2113; a second discharge port 2114; a second discharge valve 2115; a carrier accommodating chamber 212; a third discharge port 2121; a third discharge valve 2122; a resistance coil 22; a filter screen 23; a housing 24; an insulating layer 25; a centrifugal shaft 3; a base 4.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Test materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
The specific techniques or conditions not specified in the examples can be performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the field or according to the product specification.
Example 1
A rotary centrifuge device, as shown in fig. 1-3, comprises a ballast tank 1, a centrifuge tank 2, a centrifuge shaft 3 and a drive unit.
In this embodiment, the driving unit is a rotating electrical machine (not shown), one end of the centrifugal shaft 3 is fixedly connected to an output shaft of the rotating electrical machine, the connection mode is the prior art, the centrifugal shaft is fixedly installed with the rotating electrical machine, the centrifugal shaft further includes a base 4, a groove is formed in a top wall of the base 4, and the rotating electrical machine is fixedly installed in the groove.
One end of the counterweight tank 1 and one end of the centrifugal tank 2 are respectively hinged with the side wall of the centrifugal shaft 3, the counterweight tank 1 and the centrifugal tank 2 are symmetrically arranged along the axis of the centrifugal shaft 3, and the weight of the counterweight tank 1 is adjusted to keep the weight of the counterweight tank 1 and the weight of the centrifugal tank 2 balanced. For the weight of convenient adjustment counter weight jar 1, first feed inlet 11 is seted up on counter weight jar 1 top, and first discharge gate 13 is seted up to the lateral wall, installs first feed valve 12 on the first feed inlet 11, installs first discharge valve 14 on the first discharge gate 13, through the weight or the kind of placing the material, the weight of adjustment counter weight jar 1.
Use ground as the horizontal plane, when the rotating electrical machines did not work, the bottom of counter weight jar 1 and the bottom of centrifugation jar 2 all set up towards ground, and when the rotating electrical machines during operation, the rotating electrical machines drives centrifugal shaft 3 and rotates, and counter weight jar 1's bottom and centrifugation jar 2's bottom are because the effect of centrifugal force, and counter weight jar 1 and centrifugation jar 2 use centrifugal shaft 3 to rotate outwards as the axis.
The centrifugal tank 2 comprises a tank body 21, a heating unit and a filter screen 23, wherein the heating unit is a resistance coil 22 in the embodiment, the heating unit is wound on the outer side wall of the tank body 21, the tank body 21 is made of corundum, the tank body 21 and the resistance coil 22 are protected, the outer side wall of the tank body 21 is provided with a shell 24 made of tungsten steel, and the outer side wall of the shell 24 is provided with a heat preservation layer 25 for preserving heat.
The filter screen 23 is located in the tank 21, the filter screen 23 is installed in the prior art, and can be fixedly or detachably installed in the tank 21, when the filter screen is detachably installed, the filter screen does not move when the centrifuge tank 2 rotates, the tank 21 is divided into the catalyst accommodating chamber 211 and the carrier accommodating chamber 212 by the filter screen 23, the catalyst accommodating chamber 211 is arranged close to the centrifuge shaft 3, the top end of the catalyst accommodating chamber 211 is provided with a second feed port 2112, the side wall of the catalyst accommodating chamber 211 is provided with a second discharge port 2114, the second feed port 2112 is provided with a second feed valve 2113, the second discharge port 2114 is provided with a second discharge valve 2115, the side wall of the carrier accommodating chamber 212 is provided with a third discharge port 2121, and the third discharge port 2122 is provided with a third discharge valve 2122.
The working principle is as follows: the retired automobile three-way catalyst is placed into the catalyst containing chamber 211 from the second feeding hole 2112, an object is placed into the first feeding hole 11 of the counterweight tank 1, the weight of the counterweight tank 1 is balanced with the weight of the centrifugal tank 2, the rotating motor is started, and the counterweight tank 1 and the centrifugal tank 2 rotate outwards under the action of centrifugal force.
Example 2
The method for recovering valuable metals from the three-way catalyst of the retired automobile by adopting the rotary centrifugal device in the embodiment 1 comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of blowing ash (purging at 0.5MPa for 10 minutes) on the decommissioned three-way catalyst, then crushing the decommissioned three-way catalyst into 200 meshes, placing 200g of the crushed powder above a 500-mesh corundum filter screen 23 (with the diameter of 10cm and the thickness of 0.5cm) in a centrifugal tank 2 (with the volume of 500mL), placing the filter screen 23 below the centrifugal tank 2 at 1/4, heating a resistance coil 22, and carrying out temperature programming (3 ℃/min) on a tank body 21 to 500 ℃ and carrying out heat preservation for 2 hours to remove carbon deposition in the decommissioned three-way catalyst.
The temperature is programmed to 1480 deg.C (10 deg.C/min) and the centrifuge is started, the speed is adjusted to 1000rpm and kept in this state for 5 min. And after the separation is finished, closing the centrifugal machine, and taking out the noble metal on the filter screen 23 after cooling to room temperature.
Example 3
The method for recovering valuable metals from the three-way catalyst of the retired automobile by adopting the rotary centrifugal device in the embodiment 1 comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of blowing ash (purging at 0.5MPa for 10 minutes) on the decommissioned three-way catalyst, then crushing the decommissioned three-way catalyst into 200 meshes, placing 200g of the crushed powder above a 500-mesh corundum filter screen 23 (with the diameter of 10cm and the thickness of 0.5cm) in a centrifugal tank 2 (with the volume of 500mL), placing the filter screen 23 below the centrifugal tank 2 at 1/4, heating a resistance coil 22, and carrying out temperature programming (3 ℃/min) on a tank body 21 to 500 ℃ and carrying out heat preservation for 2 hours to remove carbon deposition in the decommissioned three-way catalyst.
The temperature is programmed to 1510 ℃ (10 ℃/min) and the centrifuge is started, the rotation speed is adjusted to 3000rpm, and the temperature is kept for 10min in the state. And after the separation is finished, closing the centrifugal machine, and taking out the noble metal on the filter screen 23 after cooling to room temperature.
Example 4
The method for recovering valuable metals from the three-way catalyst of the retired automobile by adopting the rotary centrifugal device in the embodiment 1 comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of blowing ash (purging at 0.5MPa for 10 minutes) on the decommissioned three-way catalyst, then crushing the decommissioned three-way catalyst into 200 meshes, placing 200g of the crushed powder above a 500-mesh corundum filter screen 23 (with the diameter of 10cm and the thickness of 0.5cm) in a centrifugal tank 2 (with the volume of 500mL), placing the filter screen 23 below the centrifugal tank 2 at 1/4, heating a resistance coil 22, and carrying out temperature programming (3 ℃/min) on a tank body 21 to 500 ℃ and carrying out heat preservation for 2 hours to remove carbon deposition in the decommissioned three-way catalyst.
The temperature is programmed to 1540 ℃ (10 ℃/min) and the centrifuge is started, the rotation speed is adjusted to 5000rpm, and the state is kept for 15 min. And after the separation is finished, closing the centrifugal machine, and taking out the noble metal on the filter screen 23 after cooling to room temperature.
Comparative example 1
The method comprises the steps of blowing soot (purging at 0.5MPa for 10 minutes) on the decommissioned three-way catalyst, then crushing the decommissioned three-way catalyst into 200 meshes, placing 200g of the crushed powder above a 500-mesh corundum filter screen 23 (with the diameter of 10cm and the thickness of 0.5cm) in a centrifugal tank 2 (with the volume of 500mL), locating the filter screen 23 at 1/4 below the centrifugal tank 2, and carrying out temperature programming (3 ℃/min) on a tank body 21 to 500 ℃ and carrying out heat preservation for 2 hours to remove carbon deposition in the decommissioned three-way catalyst.
The resistance coil 22 is heated, programmed to 1440 ℃ (10 ℃/min) and the centrifuge is turned on, the speed is adjusted to 1000rpm and kept in this state for 5 min. And after the separation is finished, closing the centrifugal machine, and taking out the noble metal on the filter screen 23 after cooling to room temperature.
Comparative example 2
The method comprises the steps of blowing soot (purging at 0.5MPa for 10 minutes) on the decommissioned three-way catalyst, then crushing the decommissioned three-way catalyst into 200 meshes, placing 200g of the crushed powder above a 500-mesh corundum filter screen 23 (with the diameter of 10cm and the thickness of 0.5cm) in a centrifugal tank 2 (with the volume of 500mL), locating the filter screen 23 at 1/4 below the centrifugal tank 2, and carrying out temperature programming (3 ℃/min) on a tank body 21 to 500 ℃ and carrying out heat preservation for 2 hours to remove carbon deposition in the decommissioned three-way catalyst.
The resistance coil 22 is heated, programmed to 1480 deg.C (10 deg.C/min) and the centrifuge is started, adjusted to 500rpm and held there for 1 min. And after the separation is finished, closing the centrifugal machine, and taking out the noble metal on the filter screen 23 after cooling to room temperature.
Comparative example 3:
the method comprises the steps of blowing soot (purging at 0.5MPa for 10 minutes) on the decommissioned three-way catalyst, then crushing the decommissioned three-way catalyst into 200 meshes, placing 200g of the crushed powder above a 500-mesh corundum filter screen 23 (with the diameter of 10cm and the thickness of 0.5cm) in a centrifugal tank 2 (with the volume of 500mL), locating the filter screen 23 at 1/4 below the centrifugal tank 2, and carrying out temperature programming (3 ℃/min) on a tank body 21 to 500 ℃ and carrying out heat preservation for 2 hours to remove carbon deposition in the decommissioned three-way catalyst.
The resistance coil 22 is heated, programmed to 1570 deg.C (10 deg.C/min) and the centrifuge is turned on, adjusted to 1000rpm and held there for 5 min. And after the separation is finished, closing the centrifugal machine, and taking out the noble metal on the filter screen 23 after cooling to room temperature.
In the above examples and comparative examples, the separation temperature, the centrifugal rotation speed, and the centrifugal time were examined.
The content of platinum, palladium and rhodium in the separated precious metal is analyzed by ICP-OES, and the embodiment 1-embodiment 3 show that the method can obtain the precious metal alloy with high purity, the highest purity can reach 99.6%, and the purity of the precious metal can be effectively improved by improving the separation temperature, the rotation speed and the time within a certain range. When the separation temperature is reduced to 1440 ℃, the cordierite honeycomb ceramic carrier cannot be melted, so that the effect of separating the carrier from the noble metal cannot be achieved; when the centrifugal rotation speed and the centrifugal time are reduced, although the separation effect on the carrier and the precious metal is achieved, the purity of the obtained precious metal is low; when the separation temperature is raised to 1570 c, the noble metal palladium starts to melt at this time, and separates together with the cordierite honeycomb ceramic substrate below the filter mesh 23, resulting in loss of the noble metal.
TABLE 1 noble Metal content after separation of examples and comparative examples
| Content of noble metal | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 |
| Platinum (%) | 39.8 | 40.4 | 41.6 | 0.0205 | 19.1 | 62.1 |
| Palladium (%) | 46.3 | 48.2 | 49.1 | 0.0225 | 23.4 | 20.4 |
| Rhodium (%) | 7.4 | 8.1 | 8.9 | 0.0049 | 2.7 | 12.6 |
| Total amount (%) | 93.5 | 96.5 | 99.6 | 0.0479 | 45.2 | 95.4 |
According to the invention, equipment and a method for recovering precious metals in the retired automobile three-way catalyst are designed, and the separation of the cordierite honeycomb ceramic carrier and the precious metals is realized under the conditions of no pollutant generation and no trapping agent addition through a high-temperature melting auxiliary centrifugation method. Obtaining the platinum-palladium-rhodium noble metal alloy with the purity of 99.6 percent when the separation temperature is 1540 ℃, the separation speed is 5000rpm and the separation time is 15 min.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for recovering valuable metals from a retired automobile three-way catalyst is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) soot blowing and crushing a three-way catalyst of a retired automobile, and putting the crushed three-way catalyst into a rotary centrifugal device, wherein the rotary centrifugal device comprises a centrifugal tank and a driving unit, the driving unit drives the centrifugal tank to rotate by taking the axis of the centrifugal tank as the radius, and a filter screen is arranged in the centrifugal tank;
(2) heating the retired automobile three-way catalyst in the centrifugal tank to 500 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2-4 h;
(3) and continuously heating to 1460-.
2. The method for recovering valuable metals from a retired automobile three-way catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the carrier of the retired automobile three-way catalyst is a cordierite carrier, and the valuable metals comprise platinum, palladium and rhodium.
3. The method for recovering valuable metals from a retired automobile three-way catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: soot blowing is carried out on the retired automobile three-way catalyst, and then the powder is crushed to 200 meshes.
4. The method for recovering valuable metals from a retired automobile three-way catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and purging the ex-service automobile three-way catalyst for 10min by 0.5MPa air.
5. The method for recovering valuable metals from a retired automobile three-way catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the size of the filter hole of the filter screen is 500 meshes.
6. The method for recovering valuable metals from a retired automobile three-way catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the filter screen is located 1/4 below the centrifuge bowl.
7. The method for recovering valuable metals from a retired automobile three-way catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the temperature is raised to 500 ℃ at a rate of 3 ℃/min.
8. The method for recovering valuable metals from a retired automobile three-way catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the temperature is raised to 1460-.
9. The method for recovering valuable metals from a retired automobile three-way catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the rotary centrifugal device also comprises a counterweight tank and a centrifugal shaft; one end of the centrifugal shaft is connected with a driving unit, one end of the counterweight tank and one end of the centrifugal tank are respectively hinged with the side wall of the centrifugal shaft, the counterweight tank and the centrifugal tank are symmetrically arranged along the axis of the centrifugal shaft, and the driving unit rotates to drive the centrifugal shaft to rotate, so that the counterweight tank and the centrifugal tank rotate outwards by taking the centrifugal shaft as the axis;
the centrifugation jar is including a jar body, heating unit and filter screen, the heating unit is located a jar external wall, the filter screen is located jar internally, the filter screen is separated into the catalyst with jar body and is held the room and the carrier holds the room, the catalyst holds the room and is close to the setting of centrifugal axis, the catalyst holds and is equipped with the catalyst feed inlet on the room.
10. The method for recovering valuable metals from a retired automobile three-way catalyst as claimed in claim 9, wherein: the heating unit is a resistance coil.
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