CN110878392A - Method for recovering platinum, palladium and rhodium from waste three-way catalyst - Google Patents
Method for recovering platinum, palladium and rhodium from waste three-way catalyst Download PDFInfo
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- CN110878392A CN110878392A CN201911367616.1A CN201911367616A CN110878392A CN 110878392 A CN110878392 A CN 110878392A CN 201911367616 A CN201911367616 A CN 201911367616A CN 110878392 A CN110878392 A CN 110878392A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
- C22B7/007—Wet processes by acid leaching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
- C22B11/04—Obtaining noble metals by wet processes
- C22B11/042—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials
- C22B11/048—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials from spent catalysts
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of precious metal recovery from waste three-way catalysts, and discloses a method for recovering platinum, palladium and rhodium from waste three-way catalysts, which comprises the steps of heating the waste three-way catalysts and a slagging agent to a material molten state, and adding a capture agent of iron series metal; reacting the alloy powder containing platinum, palladium and rhodium with a sulfuric acid solution, and filtering to obtain mixed slag containing platinum, palladium and rhodium; after the mixed slag containing platinum, palladium and rhodium reacts with the nitric acid solution, the nitric acid solution containing palladium and the mixed slag containing platinum and rhodium are obtained by filtering; reacting the platinum-rhodium mixed slag with a mixed acid solution containing hydrochloric acid and nitric acid, and filtering to obtain platinum-containing aqua regia solution and rhodium slag; preparing a palladium-containing nitric acid solution, a platinum-containing aqua regia solution and rhodium slag into corresponding simple substances or compounds. The three platinum metals of platinum, palladium and rhodium can be prepared into corresponding simple substances or compounds only by one-time acid dissolution, so that the production efficiency is improved, and the recovery cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of precious metal recovery from waste three-way catalysts, in particular to a method for recovering platinum, palladium and rhodium from waste three-way catalysts.
Background
The three-way catalytic converter is installed outside the engine and is made of double-layer stainless steel plate into cylinder, and the purifying agent is filled in the middle of the netted partition board. The scavenger is actually catalytic and is also referred to as a catalyst. The catalyst plays a role in coating three platinum metals of platinum, palladium and rhodium in the catalyst. In the prior art, the recovery and utilization of the waste three-way catalyst are mainly refined by a pyrogenic process, iron-series metals are captured and enriched, then iron blocks and platinum-group metals are separated by a wet method, and the platinum-group metals are separated and purified step by adopting a fractional extraction method to obtain corresponding platinum-group metals with higher purity. Problems with this approach: 1. the reaction speed of the alloy iron blocks and acid is very slow; 2. the method only provides and obtains corresponding platinum group metal simple substances; 3. the extraction process can introduce oily substances into the solution system, and qualified compound products cannot be directly prepared. If the corresponding compound finished product is to be prepared, the metal needs to be dissolved, purified and reduced into a simple substance, and then melted to remove oily substances, and then dissolved. The metal must be dissolved twice, the process flow is long and the cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical problems in the prior art, the first object of the present invention is to provide a novel method for recovering platinum, palladium and rhodium from a waste three-way catalyst, wherein three platinum metals of platinum group, platinum, palladium and rhodium can be prepared into corresponding simple substances or compounds only by one-time acid dissolution, so that the production efficiency is improved, and the recovery cost is reduced.
In order to solve the problems, the invention is realized according to the following technical scheme:
a method for recovering platinum, palladium and rhodium from a waste three-way catalyst comprises the steps of heating the waste three-way catalyst and a slagging agent to a material molten state, and adding a trapping agent of iron-series metal; pouring out the upper-layer slag, and then pouring out the iron block containing platinum group metal at the bottom to obtain an alloy block containing platinum, palladium and rhodium, wherein the alloy block containing platinum, palladium and rhodium is prepared into alloy powder containing platinum, palladium and rhodium by using an atomization process; reacting the alloy powder containing platinum, palladium and rhodium with a sulfuric acid solution, and filtering to obtain mixed slag containing platinum, palladium and rhodium; after the mixed slag containing platinum, palladium and rhodium reacts with the nitric acid solution, the nitric acid solution containing palladium and the mixed slag containing platinum and rhodium are obtained by filtering; reacting the platinum-rhodium mixed slag with a mixed acid solution containing hydrochloric acid and nitric acid, and filtering to obtain platinum-containing aqua regia solution and rhodium slag; preparing a palladium-containing nitric acid solution, a platinum-containing aqua regia solution and rhodium slag into corresponding simple substances or compounds.
Preferably, after the alloy powder containing platinum, palladium and rhodium and a sulfuric acid solution with the concentration of 20% react at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:10, the mixed slag containing platinum, palladium and rhodium is obtained through reaction and filtration.
Preferably, after the mixed slag containing platinum, palladium and rhodium and the nitric acid solution with the concentration of 68% react at the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:5, the mixed slag containing palladium and platinum and rhodium is obtained by filtering.
Preferably, the platinum-rhodium mixed slag is mixed with 38% hydrochloric acid: and (3) reacting 68% nitric acid with a mixed acid solution with the volume ratio of 4:1, and filtering to obtain platinum-containing aqua regia solution and rhodium slag.
Preferably, the palladium-containing nitric acid solution is mixed with the hydrochloric acid solution to obtain palladium-containing aqua regia solution; adding a solid oxidant into the palladium-containing aqua regia solution, adding ammonium chloride solid, controlling the oxidation potential to be more than +400ev, fully reacting, and filtering to obtain a palladium-containing precipitate; adding water into the palladium-containing precipitate to mix into slurry, adding ammonia water, after the reaction is finished, filtering to obtain palladium-containing ammoniated solution; adding hydrochloric acid into the ammoniated solution containing palladium, and filtering to obtain a precipitate containing palladium after the reaction is finished; adding an ammonium chloride solution into the precipitate containing palladium, cleaning with acetone, and drying to obtain the palladium diammine dichloride.
Preferably, the platinum-containing aqua regia solution is heated to be concentrated with acid, hydrochloric acid is added to drive nitrate, ammonium chloride solid is added after the nitrate driving is finished, and after the reaction is finished, platinum-containing precipitate is obtained through filtration; adding water into the platinum-containing precipitate to form slurry, adding a liquid reducing agent, filtering to obtain platinum powder after the reaction is finished, cleaning with pure water, and drying to obtain the platinum powder.
Preferably, the rhodium slag is cleaned by pure water and dried to obtain rhodium powder; mixing and grinding rhodium powder and sodium chloride powder, and heating in a chlorine gas flow to obtain a red product rhodium-containing mixture; soaking and dissolving the rhodium-containing mixture in water, and filtering to obtain a rhodium-containing solution; adding sufficient sodium hydroxide solution into the rhodium-containing solution, filtering and washing the precipitate to obtain rhodium-containing precipitate; and adding a sulfuric acid solution to dissolve the rhodium-containing precipitate to obtain a rhodium sulfate solution.
Preferably, the palladium-containing nitric acid solution is mixed with 38% hydrochloric acid solution in a mixing ratio of 1:3 to obtain palladium-containing aqua regia solution; adding a solid oxidant into the palladium-containing aqua regia solution, adding ammonium chloride solid, controlling the oxidation potential to be more than +400ev, fully reacting, and filtering to obtain a palladium-containing precipitate; adding water into the palladium-containing precipitate to mix into slurry, adding 25% ammonia water, controlling the pH to 8, finishing the reaction, and filtering to obtain palladium-containing ammoniated solution; adding 38% hydrochloric acid into the ammoniated solution containing palladium, controlling the pH to be 2, finishing the reaction, and filtering to obtain a precipitate containing palladium; adding 17% ammonium chloride solution into the palladium-containing precipitate, cleaning with acetone, and drying at 65 ℃ to obtain the palladium dichlorodiammine.
Preferably, the platinum-containing aqua regia solution is heated to be concentrated with acid, 38% hydrochloric acid is added to drive the nitrate, ammonium chloride solid is added after the nitrate is driven, and after the reaction is finished, platinum-containing precipitate is obtained by filtration; adding water into the platinum-containing precipitate to form slurry, adding a liquid reducing agent, filtering to obtain platinum powder after the reaction is finished, cleaning with pure water, and drying to obtain the platinum powder.
Preferably, the rhodium slag is cleaned by pure water and dried to obtain rhodium powder; mixing rhodium powder and sodium chloride powder, grinding into fine powder with a molar ratio of 1:2, and heating in a chlorine gas flow at 550 ℃ for 60min to obtain a red product rhodium-containing mixture; soaking and dissolving the rhodium-containing mixture in water, and filtering to obtain a rhodium-containing solution; adding sufficient sodium hydroxide solution into the rhodium-containing solution, filtering and washing the precipitate to obtain rhodium-containing precipitate; and adding a sulfuric acid solution to dissolve the rhodium-containing precipitate to obtain a rhodium sulfate solution.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the alloy iron block is made into alloy powder by an atomization method, the reaction time of the acid leaching iron removal process is greatly reduced, and the efficiency is improved;
(2) in the wet process stage, the corresponding simple substance or compound can be prepared by dissolving the platinum group metals of platinum, palladium and rhodium by acid once, so that the production efficiency is improved, and the recovery cost is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for recovering platinum, palladium and rhodium from a waste three-way catalyst according to the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in figure 1, the invention discloses a method for recovering platinum, palladium and rhodium from a waste three-way catalyst, which comprises the following steps
S1, adding a three-way catalyst and a slagging agent into an electric furnace, heating to a material molten state, adding iron powder, depositing iron-enriched platinum group metal on the bottom of the furnace, pouring out the upper layer slag material, and then pouring out an iron block containing platinum group metal at the bottom to obtain an alloy block containing platinum, palladium and rhodium;
s2, preparing the alloy block obtained in the step 1 into alloy powder containing platinum, palladium and rhodium by using an atomization process;
s3, reacting the alloy powder obtained in the step 2 with a sulfuric acid solution with the concentration of 20%, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio is 1:10, and filtering to obtain mixed slag containing platinum, palladium and rhodium after the reaction is finished;
s4, reacting the platinum-palladium-rhodium-containing mixed slag obtained in the step 3 with a nitric acid solution with the concentration of 68%, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio is 1:5, filtering to obtain a palladium-containing nitric acid solution after the reaction is finished, and filtering residues to obtain platinum-rhodium mixed slag;
s5, mixing the platinum-rhodium mixed slag obtained in the step 4 with 38% hydrochloric acid: reacting 68% nitric acid with a mixed acid solution of 4:1, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio is 1:5, and filtering to obtain platinum-containing aqua regia solution and rhodium slag after the reaction is finished;
s6, mixing the palladium-containing nitric acid solution obtained in the step 4 with 38% hydrochloric acid solution in a mixing ratio of 1:3 to obtain palladium-containing aqua regia solution;
s7, adding a solid oxidant into the palladium-containing aqua regia solution obtained in the step 6, adding ammonium chloride solid, controlling the oxidation potential to be larger than +400ev, fully reacting, and filtering to obtain a certain palladium-containing precipitate;
s8, adding water into the palladium-containing precipitate obtained in the step 7 to mix into slurry, adding 25% ammonia water, controlling the pH to 8, finishing the reaction, and filtering to obtain a palladium-containing ammoniated solution;
s9, adding 38% hydrochloric acid into the palladium-containing ammoniated solution obtained in the step 8, controlling the pH to 2, finishing the reaction, and filtering to obtain a precipitate containing palladium;
s10, adding 17% ammonium chloride solution into the palladium-containing precipitate obtained in the step 9, cleaning, then cleaning with acetone, and drying at 65 ℃ to obtain palladium diammine dichloride;
s11, heating the platinum-containing aqua regia solution obtained in the step 5 to obtain concentrated acid, adding 38% hydrochloric acid to remove nitrate, adding ammonium chloride solid after the nitrate removal is finished, and filtering to obtain platinum-containing precipitate after the reaction is finished;
s12, adding water into the platinum-containing precipitate obtained in the step 11 to form slurry, adding a liquid reducing agent, after the reaction is finished, filtering to obtain platinum powder, washing pure water, and drying to obtain platinum powder;
s13, cleaning the rhodium slag obtained in the step 5 with pure water, and drying to obtain rhodium powder;
s14, mixing and grinding the rhodium powder obtained in the step 13 and sodium chloride powder, heating the mixture for 60min at 550 ℃ in a chlorine gas flow at a molar ratio of 1:2 to obtain a red product rhodium-containing mixture;
s15, soaking and dissolving the rhodium-containing mixture obtained in the step 14 in water, and filtering to obtain a rhodium-containing solution;
s16, adding sufficient sodium hydroxide solution into the rhodium-containing solution obtained in the step 15, filtering and washing the precipitate to obtain rhodium-containing precipitate;
s17, adding the rhodium-containing precipitate obtained in the step 16 into a sulfuric acid solution for dissolving to obtain a rhodium sulfate solution.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the alloy iron block is made into alloy powder by an atomization method, the reaction time of the acid leaching iron removal process is greatly reduced, and the efficiency is improved;
(2) in the wet process stage, the corresponding simple substance or compound can be prepared by dissolving the platinum group metals of platinum, palladium and rhodium by acid once, so that the production efficiency is improved, and the recovery cost is reduced.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for recovering platinum, palladium and rhodium from a waste three-way catalyst is characterized by comprising the following steps: heating the waste three-way catalyst and the slag former to a material molten state, and adding a capture agent iron series metal; pouring out the upper-layer slag, and then pouring out the iron block containing platinum group metal at the bottom to obtain an alloy block containing platinum, palladium and rhodium, wherein the alloy block containing platinum, palladium and rhodium is prepared into alloy powder containing platinum, palladium and rhodium by using an atomization process; reacting the alloy powder containing platinum, palladium and rhodium with a sulfuric acid solution, and filtering to obtain mixed slag containing platinum, palladium and rhodium; after the mixed slag containing platinum, palladium and rhodium reacts with the nitric acid solution, the nitric acid solution containing palladium and the mixed slag containing platinum and rhodium are obtained by filtering; reacting the platinum-rhodium mixed slag with a mixed acid solution containing hydrochloric acid and nitric acid, and filtering to obtain platinum-containing aqua regia solution and rhodium slag; preparing a palladium-containing nitric acid solution, a platinum-containing aqua regia solution and rhodium slag into corresponding simple substances or compounds.
2. The method for recovering platinum, palladium and rhodium from the waste three-way catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: reacting the alloy powder containing platinum, palladium and rhodium with a sulfuric acid solution with the concentration of 20% at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:10, and filtering to obtain the mixed slag containing platinum, palladium and rhodium.
3. The method for recovering platinum, palladium and rhodium from the waste three-way catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: reacting the platinum-palladium-rhodium-containing mixed slag with a nitric acid solution with the concentration of 68% at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:5, and filtering to obtain a palladium-containing nitric acid solution and platinum-rhodium mixed slag.
4. The method for recovering platinum, palladium and rhodium from the waste three-way catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: mixing the platinum-rhodium mixed slag with 38% hydrochloric acid: and (3) reacting 68% nitric acid with a mixed acid solution with the volume ratio of 4:1, and filtering to obtain platinum-containing aqua regia solution and rhodium slag.
5. The method for recovering platinum, palladium and rhodium from the waste three-way catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: mixing a palladium-containing nitric acid solution and a hydrochloric acid solution to obtain a palladium-containing aqua regia solution; adding a solid oxidant into the palladium-containing aqua regia solution, adding ammonium chloride solid, controlling the oxidation potential to be more than +400ev, fully reacting, and filtering to obtain a palladium-containing precipitate; adding water into the palladium-containing precipitate to mix into slurry, adding ammonia water, after the reaction is finished, filtering to obtain palladium-containing ammoniated solution; adding hydrochloric acid into the ammoniated solution containing palladium, and filtering to obtain a precipitate containing palladium after the reaction is finished; adding an ammonium chloride solution into the precipitate containing palladium, cleaning with acetone, and drying to obtain the palladium diammine dichloride.
6. The method for recovering platinum, palladium and rhodium from the waste three-way catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: heating the platinum-containing aqua regia solution to concentrated acid, adding hydrochloric acid to drive nitrate, adding ammonium chloride solid after the nitrate driving is finished, and filtering to obtain platinum-containing precipitate after the reaction is finished; adding water into the platinum-containing precipitate to form slurry, adding a liquid reducing agent, filtering to obtain platinum powder after the reaction is finished, cleaning with pure water, and drying to obtain the platinum powder.
7. The method for recovering platinum, palladium and rhodium from the waste three-way catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: cleaning rhodium slag with pure water, and drying to obtain rhodium powder; mixing and grinding rhodium powder and sodium chloride powder, and heating in a chlorine gas flow to obtain a red product rhodium-containing mixture; soaking and dissolving the rhodium-containing mixture in water, and filtering to obtain a rhodium-containing solution; adding sufficient sodium hydroxide solution into the rhodium-containing solution, filtering and washing the precipitate to obtain rhodium-containing precipitate; and adding a sulfuric acid solution to dissolve the rhodium-containing precipitate to obtain a rhodium sulfate solution.
8. The method for recovering platinum, palladium and rhodium from the waste three-way catalyst according to claim 5, wherein: mixing the palladium-containing nitric acid solution with 38% hydrochloric acid solution at a mixing ratio of 1:3 to obtain palladium-containing aqua regia solution; adding a solid oxidant into the palladium-containing aqua regia solution, adding ammonium chloride solid, controlling the oxidation potential to be more than +400ev, fully reacting, and filtering to obtain a palladium-containing precipitate; adding water into the palladium-containing precipitate to mix into slurry, adding 25% ammonia water, controlling the pH to 8, finishing the reaction, and filtering to obtain palladium-containing ammoniated solution; adding 38% hydrochloric acid into the ammoniated solution containing palladium, controlling the pH to be 2, finishing the reaction, and filtering to obtain a precipitate containing palladium; adding 17% ammonium chloride solution into the palladium-containing precipitate, cleaning with acetone, and drying at 65 ℃ to obtain the palladium dichlorodiammine.
9. The method for recovering platinum, palladium and rhodium from the waste three-way catalyst according to claim 6, wherein: heating the platinum-containing aqua regia solution to concentrated acid, adding 38% hydrochloric acid to drive nitrate, adding ammonium chloride solid after the nitrate driving is finished, and filtering to obtain platinum-containing precipitate after the reaction is finished; adding water into the platinum-containing precipitate to form slurry, adding a liquid reducing agent, filtering to obtain platinum powder after the reaction is finished, cleaning with pure water, and drying to obtain the platinum powder.
10. The method for recovering platinum, palladium and rhodium from the waste three-way catalyst according to claim 7, wherein: cleaning rhodium slag with pure water, and drying to obtain rhodium powder; mixing rhodium powder and sodium chloride powder, grinding into fine powder with a molar ratio of 1:2, and heating in a chlorine gas flow at 550 ℃ for 60min to obtain a red product rhodium-containing mixture; soaking and dissolving the rhodium-containing mixture in water, and filtering to obtain a rhodium-containing solution; adding sufficient sodium hydroxide solution into the rhodium-containing solution, filtering and washing the precipitate to obtain rhodium-containing precipitate; and adding a sulfuric acid solution to dissolve the rhodium-containing precipitate to obtain a rhodium sulfate solution.
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| CN113832356A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2021-12-24 | 格林美股份有限公司 | Method for separating and purifying rhodium in high-iron rhodium-containing feed liquid |
| CN113862478A (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2021-12-31 | 北京科技大学 | Method for recovering platinum and rhenium from waste alumina-based semi-regenerated reforming catalyst |
| CN114737058A (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2022-07-12 | 徐州浩通新材料科技股份有限公司 | Method for separating platinum, palladium, rhodium and iridium from solution |
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Cited By (4)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111304457A (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2020-06-19 | 康纳新型材料(杭州)有限公司 | Efficient activation dissolving method for rhodium powder |
| CN113862478A (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2021-12-31 | 北京科技大学 | Method for recovering platinum and rhenium from waste alumina-based semi-regenerated reforming catalyst |
| CN113832356A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2021-12-24 | 格林美股份有限公司 | Method for separating and purifying rhodium in high-iron rhodium-containing feed liquid |
| CN114737058A (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2022-07-12 | 徐州浩通新材料科技股份有限公司 | Method for separating platinum, palladium, rhodium and iridium from solution |
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