CN113563946A - 一种环保型船用润滑油 - Google Patents

一种环保型船用润滑油 Download PDF

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CN113563946A
CN113563946A CN202011340685.6A CN202011340685A CN113563946A CN 113563946 A CN113563946 A CN 113563946A CN 202011340685 A CN202011340685 A CN 202011340685A CN 113563946 A CN113563946 A CN 113563946A
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周宗明
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Hanergy Qingdao Lubrication Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种环保型船用润滑油,以质量份计,该润滑油包括以下组分:基础油80‑90份、多元醇酯合成油3‑5份、高效抗磨添加剂1.5‑2.5份、分散剂2‑5份、抗氧抗腐剂0.8‑1.3份、消泡剂0.001‑0.002份、增粘剂3‑4份、高碱值酸中和剂0.7‑1.2份。本发明一种环保型船用润滑油选择由有机碱和无机碱组成的高碱值酸中和剂,可以提供合适的碱值,具备优良的酸中和能力,减少重质燃料油在高温下产生过量的沉积物,提高发动机的效能,降低油品的机油耗。

Description

一种环保型船用润滑油
技术领域
本发明涉及润滑油领域,尤其是一种环保型船用润滑油。
背景技术
近年来,我国由航运大国向航运强国挺进。随着我国海运业的高增长步伐,加速了港口和船舶向大型化、专业化和更高科技方向发展,也带动了港口机械和造船产量上升,船用润滑油需求有增无减。
船用柴油发动机主要分为低速十字头二冲程发动机和中速筒状活塞发动机两种类型,所使用的船用油主要有3种,即气缸油、系统油(用于低速十字头发动机)和中速机油(用于中速筒状发动机)。从润滑油的分类角度而言,船用油和汽油机油一样,同属于内燃机油范畴,但是其油品规格的发展速度明显慢于汽油机油和陆用柴油机油。由于缺少相应环保法规和相关行业标准的制约和促进,船用油的发展动力主要来自于船舶用户对燃油经济性的追求。高硫含量劣质燃料油的使用使得船用油的工况明显不同于其他内燃机油,在此前提下,碱值的提高成为船用油等级提高最为显著的标志。
船用柴油发动机活塞环槽温度可高达250℃,油品氧化产物和燃油不完全燃烧产物以及中和酸性物后的产物等会沉积在活塞表面及环槽内,严重时会使活塞环黏着甚至折断,引起漏气和拉缸。同时,这些沉积物还会沿着缸壁进入曲轴箱,引起机油污染。此外冷却活塞的油也会因高温而在活塞内腔顶部氧化或热裂化,产生积碳,从而影响传热,严重时会使活塞烧坏。因此船用机油必须具有良好清洁性,能够把活塞环槽、活塞内腔顶部、气缸中的沉积物清洗下来,使沉积物分散在油中,而不会在别的地方再次沉积下来堵塞油路和损坏轴承,从而解决了上述问题,长期保持发动机正常运转。
有专家指出,船用发动机使用的燃料-柴油中硫含量高,燃烧中会产生大量二氧化硫和水蒸气、空气、高温等条件下发生化学反应,不断地形成酸性成分。酸性物质会中和损耗润滑油中的碱值,当润滑油的碱值降到失效点(一般为3)后润滑油就会失去良好的润滑保护作用。因此,船用润滑油一般采用高碱值配方,能有效中和因燃烧高硫燃油而产生的酸性物质,降低气缸及活塞的腐蚀及磨损,从而达到防锈、防腐的显著效果。
现有的船用润滑油在环保方面和减摩方面还存在一定的缺陷,因此,需要设计一种环保型船用润滑油。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中的缺陷,提供一种环保型船用润滑油。
本发明通过下述方案实现:
一种环保型船用润滑油,以质量份计,该润滑油包括以下组分:基础油80-90份、多元醇酯合成油3-5份、高效抗磨添加剂1.5-2.5份、分散剂2-5份、抗氧抗腐剂0.8-1.3份、消泡剂0.001-0.002份、增粘剂3-4份、高碱值酸中和剂0.7-1.2份。
以质量份计,所述基础油包括以下组分:150N基础油40份、500N基础油30份、PAO10基础油10-20份。
所述分散剂由聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺、聚异丁烯丁二酸酯、聚异丁烯无灰磷酸酯组成,所述聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺:聚异丁烯丁二酸酯:聚异丁烯无灰磷酸酯的质量比为2:3:5;
所述抗氧抗腐剂由重量比为1:1的N,N-二仲丁基对苯二胺和2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚组成;
所述消泡剂为甲基硅油;
所述增粘剂由聚异戊二烯共聚物、苯乙烯异戊二烯共聚物、乙烯丙烯共聚物组成,所述聚异戊二烯共聚物:苯乙烯异戊二烯共聚物:乙烯丙烯共聚物的质量比为1:3:2;
所述高碱值酸中和剂由有机碱和无机碱组成,有机碱和无机碱的重量比为1:2;其中有机碱由重量比为1:1的1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯和1,5-二氮杂双环[4.3.0]-5-壬烯组成;无机碱由重量比为3:1的高碱值硫化烷基酚钙和高碱值合成磺酸镁组成。
所述高效抗磨添加剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步、在搅拌的过程中向二正丁胺中加入二硫化碳、环氧丙烷,并且使反应体系在加料的过程中温度保持在10℃以下,二硫化碳、环氧丙烷加入完成后继续搅拌1h,然后升温至90℃,继续反应2h,减压蒸馏出未反应的原料,即得反应中间体;
第二步、以甲苯为溶剂,将硼酸和二乙醇胺溶解后在氮气保护下升温至120℃搅拌反应,通过分水回流装置分出反应生成的水,继续反应3h,减压蒸馏出剩余的甲苯,得到白色的二乙醇胺硼酸酯;
第三步、将第一步所得的反应中间体和第二步所得的二乙醇胺硼酸酯溶解在甲苯中,以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,在氮气保护下升温至140℃反应至回流无水生成,随后蒸出溶剂甲苯,得到黄色油状液体即为高效抗磨添加剂成品。
在第一步中,所述二正丁胺、二硫化碳、环氧丙烷的质量比为13:6:8。
在第二步中,所述硼酸和二乙醇胺的质量比为6:31。
在第三步中,所述反应中间体与二乙醇胺硼酸酯的质量比为2:1。
本发明的有益效果为:
1.本发明一种环保型船用润滑油选择由有机碱和无机碱组成的高碱值酸中和剂,可以提供合适的碱值,具备优良的酸中和能力,减少重质燃料油在高温下产生过量的沉积物,提高发动机的效能,降低油品的机油耗;
2.本申请将高效抗磨添加剂、分散剂、抗氧抗腐剂等进行优化组合,并复配适合的其它功能添加剂,发挥添加剂之间的协同效应,提高了润滑油组合物的抗氧化性能、高温抗磨性能,同时提供了良好的活塞清净性和控制粘度增长能力;
3.在船用发动机运转过程中,燃油因不完全燃烧而形成的产物、机油的氧化产物与水相互作用形成油泥渣以及因磨损而产生机械杂质等,这些物质的存在沉积堵塞油路,致使供油不畅而引起故障,因此向船用内燃机油中加入一定量的分散剂使泥渣保持悬浮状态,连同机械杂质等经过分油机或过滤器除掉,所以本发明申请在复合配方在中选用分散性能较好的聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺、聚异丁烯丁二酸酯、聚异丁烯无灰磷酸酯组合物作为分散剂;
4.船用内燃机油需长期循环使用,处于高温热氧化环境中容易生成有机酸、过氧化物和胶质等,这些产物会使润滑油的粘度增大并腐蚀有色金属,不利于活塞和发动机清洁、润滑,缩短油品使用寿命。本申请选用加入性能优良的重量比为1:1的N,N-二仲丁基对苯二胺和2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚组合物作为抗氧抗腐剂,使得本申请的润滑油具有良好的抗氧化和抗腐蚀性能。
5.本申请在润滑油成分中加入高效抗磨添加剂,在摩擦过程中高效抗磨添加剂在高温下会发生分解,在摩擦副表面发生化学反应,生成一层由有机硫化物、硼的氧化物等组成的致密保护膜,这层保护膜具有极压抗磨减摩作用,可起到保护摩擦表面的作用,能够防止摩擦金属表面的损伤。
6.本申请的润滑油中含有多元醇酯合成油,这种酯类润滑油是由有机酸和醇发生酯化反应而生成的有机酯,它们由于分子结构中存在极性酯基,不仅能在金属表面吸附形成一层稳定的润滑膜,而且能给微生物提供进攻的活化点。因此,本申请的润滑油在保证拥有良好性能的同时,还具有一定的可生物降解性和低生态毒性,对周围环境更加友好。
7.本申请所述抗氧抗腐剂由重量比为1:1的N,N-二仲丁基对苯二胺和2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚组成,当润滑脂呈碱性时,胺类抗氧剂起作用,当润滑脂被氧化产生酸后,逐渐呈中性及酸性时,酚类抗氧剂将起作用;
具体实施方式
下面对本发明优选的实施例进一步说明:
一种环保型船用润滑油,以质量份计,该润滑油包括以下组分:基础油80-90份、多元醇酯合成油3-5份、高效抗磨添加剂1.5-2.5份、分散剂2-5份、抗氧抗腐剂0.8-1.3份、消泡剂0.001-0.002份、增粘剂3-4份、高碱值酸中和剂0.7-1.2份。
以质量份计,所述基础油包括以下组分:150N基础油40份、500N基础油30份、PAO10基础油10-20份。
所述分散剂由聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺、聚异丁烯丁二酸酯、聚异丁烯无灰磷酸酯组成,所述聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺:聚异丁烯丁二酸酯:聚异丁烯无灰磷酸酯的质量比为2:3:5;
所述抗氧抗腐剂由重量比为1:1的N,N-二仲丁基对苯二胺和2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚组成;
所述消泡剂为甲基硅油;
所述增粘剂由聚异戊二烯共聚物、苯乙烯异戊二烯共聚物、乙烯丙烯共聚物组成,所述聚异戊二烯共聚物:苯乙烯异戊二烯共聚物:乙烯丙烯共聚物的质量比为1:3:2;
所述高碱值酸中和剂由有机碱和无机碱组成,有机碱和无机碱的重量比为1:2;其中有机碱由重量比为1:1的1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯和1,5-二氮杂双环[4.3.0]-5-壬烯组成;无机碱由重量比为3:1的高碱值硫化烷基酚钙和高碱值合成磺酸镁组成。
所述高效抗磨添加剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步、在搅拌的过程中向二正丁胺中加入二硫化碳、环氧丙烷,并且使反应体系在加料的过程中温度保持在10℃以下,二硫化碳、环氧丙烷加入完成后继续搅拌1h,然后升温至90℃,继续反应2h,减压蒸馏出未反应的原料,即得反应中间体;
第二步、以甲苯为溶剂,将硼酸和二乙醇胺溶解后在氮气保护下升温至120℃搅拌反应,通过分水回流装置分出反应生成的水,继续反应3h,减压蒸馏出剩余的甲苯,得到白色的二乙醇胺硼酸酯;
第三步、将第一步所得的反应中间体和第二步所得的二乙醇胺硼酸酯溶解在甲苯中,以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,在氮气保护下升温至140℃反应至回流无水生成,随后蒸出溶剂甲苯,得到黄色油状液体即为高效抗磨添加剂成品。
在第一步中,所述二正丁胺、二硫化碳、环氧丙烷的质量比为13:6:8。
在第二步中,所述硼酸和二乙醇胺的质量比为6:31。
在第三步中,所述反应中间体与二乙醇胺硼酸酯的质量比为2:1。
实施例1
一种环保型船用润滑油,以质量份计,该润滑油包括以下组分:基础油80份、多元醇酯合成油5份、高效抗磨添加剂2份、分散剂2份、抗氧抗腐剂1.3份、消泡剂0.0015份、增粘剂3份、高碱值酸中和剂1.2份。
以质量份计,所述基础油包括以下组分:150N基础油40份、500N基础油30份、PAO10基础油10份。
所述分散剂由聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺、聚异丁烯丁二酸酯、聚异丁烯无灰磷酸酯组成,所述聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺:聚异丁烯丁二酸酯:聚异丁烯无灰磷酸酯的质量比为2:3:5;所述抗氧抗腐剂由重量比为1:1的N,N-二仲丁基对苯二胺和2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚组成;所述消泡剂为甲基硅油;所述增粘剂由聚异戊二烯共聚物、苯乙烯异戊二烯共聚物、乙烯丙烯共聚物组成,所述聚异戊二烯共聚物:苯乙烯异戊二烯共聚物:乙烯丙烯共聚物的质量比为1:3:2;所述高碱值酸中和剂由有机碱和无机碱组成,有机碱和无机碱的重量比为1:2;其中有机碱由重量比为1:1的1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯和1,5-二氮杂双环[4.3.0]-5-壬烯组成;无机碱由重量比为3:1的高碱值硫化烷基酚钙和高碱值合成磺酸镁组成。
所述高效抗磨添加剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步、在搅拌的过程中向二正丁胺中加入二硫化碳、环氧丙烷,并且使反应体系在加料的过程中温度保持在10℃以下,二硫化碳、环氧丙烷加入完成后继续搅拌1h,然后升温至90℃,继续反应2h,减压蒸馏出未反应的原料,即得反应中间体;
第二步、以甲苯为溶剂,将硼酸和二乙醇胺溶解后在氮气保护下升温至120℃搅拌反应,通过分水回流装置分出反应生成的水,继续反应3h,减压蒸馏出剩余的甲苯,得到白色的二乙醇胺硼酸酯;
第三步、将第一步所得的反应中间体和第二步所得的二乙醇胺硼酸酯溶解在甲苯中,以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,在氮气保护下升温至140℃反应至回流无水生成,随后蒸出溶剂甲苯,得到黄色油状液体即为高效抗磨添加剂成品。
在第一步中,所述二正丁胺、二硫化碳、环氧丙烷的质量比为13:6:8。在第二步中,所述硼酸和二乙醇胺的质量比为6:31。在第三步中,所述反应中间体与二乙醇胺硼酸酯的质量比为2:1。
实施例2
本实施例中,与实施例1中的相同之处不再赘述,不同之处如下所述:
一种环保型船用润滑油,以质量份计,该润滑油包括以下组分:基础油85份、多元醇酯合成油3份、高效抗磨添加剂2.5份、分散剂3.5份、抗氧抗腐剂0.8份、消泡剂0.002份、增粘剂3.5份、高碱值酸中和剂1.2份。
以质量份计,所述基础油包括以下组分:150N基础油40份、500N基础油30份、PAO10基础油15份。
实施例3
本实施例中,与实施例1中的相同之处不再赘述,不同之处如下所述:
一种环保型船用润滑油,以质量份计,该润滑油包括以下组分:基础油90份、多元醇酯合成油4份、高效抗磨添加剂1.5份、分散剂5份、抗氧抗腐剂1份、消泡剂0.001份、增粘剂4份、高碱值酸中和剂1份。
以质量份计,所述基础油包括以下组分:150N基础油40份、500N基础油30份、PAO10基础油20份。
对比例1
一种环保型船用润滑油,以质量份计,该润滑油包括以下组分:基础油90份、多元醇酯合成油4份、分散剂5份、抗氧抗腐剂1份、消泡剂0.001份、增粘剂4份、高碱值酸中和剂1份。
以质量份计,所述基础油包括以下组分:150N基础油40份、500N基础油30份、PAO10基础油20份。
对比例2
一种环保型船用润滑油,以质量份计,该润滑油包括以下组分:基础油90份、高效抗磨添加剂1.5份、分散剂5份、抗氧抗腐剂1份、消泡剂0.001份、增粘剂4份、高碱值酸中和剂1份。
以质量份计,所述基础油包括以下组分:150N基础油40份、500N基础油30份、PAO10基础油20份。
按照SH/T 0189-92对各个实施例和对比例的润滑油的摩擦因子进行检测,设定转速为1200转/分钟,时间为3600s,温度为室温。摩擦因子的检测结果如表1所示。
表1各个润滑油的摩擦因子
平均摩擦系数
实施例1 0.065
实施例2 0.062
实施例3 0.061
对比例1 0.126
对比例2 0.071
从表1中可以看出,本申请三个实施例的润滑油的平均摩擦系数明显低于对比例1,这是由于本申请三个实施例的润滑油中加入了高效抗磨添加剂,这让本申请的润滑油具有优良的减摩性能。高效抗磨添加剂中含有C-S键,这种键极易在摩擦副表面形成一种致密的化学膜,从而降低了摩擦表面的粗糙度并降低了摩擦因数。
表2各个润滑油的摩擦因子生物降解率
生物降解率(%)
实施例1 26
实施例2 27
实施例3 31
对比例1 25
对比例2 7
表2是各个润滑油的摩擦因子生物降解率,采用RSAPF-8000有氧厌氧呼吸仪测试生物降解性能,从表2中可以看出,本申请各个实施例的生物降解率远高于对比例2。这可能是因为本申请的润滑油中含有多元醇酯合成油,这种酯类润滑油是由有机酸和醇发生酯化反应而生成的有机酯,它们由于分子结构中存在极性酯基,不仅能在金属表面吸附形成一层稳定的润滑膜,而且能给微生物提供进攻的活化点。因此,本申请的润滑油在保证拥有良好性能的同时,还具有一定的可生物降解性和低生态毒性,对周围环境更加友好。
尽管已经对本发明的技术方案做了较为详细的阐述和列举,应当理解,对于本领域技术人员来说,对上述实施例做出修改或者采用等同的替代方案,这对本领域的技术人员而言是显而易见,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。

Claims (7)

1.一种环保型船用润滑油,其特征在于,以质量份计,该润滑油包括以下组分:基础油80-90份、多元醇酯合成油3-5份、高效抗磨添加剂1.5-2.5份、分散剂2-5份、抗氧抗腐剂0.8-1.3份、消泡剂0.001-0.002份、增粘剂3-4份、高碱值酸中和剂0.7-1.2份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保型船用润滑油,其特征在于,以质量份计,所述基础油包括以下组分:150N基础油40份、500N基础油30份、PAO10基础油10-20份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保型船用润滑油,其特征在于:所述分散剂由聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺、聚异丁烯丁二酸酯、聚异丁烯无灰磷酸酯组成,所述聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺:聚异丁烯丁二酸酯:聚异丁烯无灰磷酸酯的质量比为2:3:5;
所述抗氧抗腐剂由重量比为1:1的N,N-二仲丁基对苯二胺和2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚组成;
所述消泡剂为甲基硅油;
所述增粘剂由聚异戊二烯共聚物、苯乙烯异戊二烯共聚物、乙烯丙烯共聚物组成,所述聚异戊二烯共聚物:苯乙烯异戊二烯共聚物:乙烯丙烯共聚物的质量比为1:3:2;
所述高碱值酸中和剂由有机碱和无机碱组成,有机碱和无机碱的重量比为1:2;其中有机碱由重量比为1:1的1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯和1,5-二氮杂双环[4.3.0]-5-壬烯组成;无机碱由重量比为3:1的高碱值硫化烷基酚钙和高碱值合成磺酸镁组成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保型船用润滑油,其特征在于,所述高效抗磨添加剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步、在搅拌的过程中向二正丁胺中加入二硫化碳、环氧丙烷,并且使反应体系在加料的过程中温度保持在10℃以下,二硫化碳、环氧丙烷加入完成后继续搅拌1h,然后升温至90℃,继续反应2h,减压蒸馏出未反应的原料,即得反应中间体;
第二步、以甲苯为溶剂,将硼酸和二乙醇胺溶解后在氮气保护下升温至120℃搅拌反应,通过分水回流装置分出反应生成的水,继续反应3h,减压蒸馏出剩余的甲苯,得到白色的二乙醇胺硼酸酯;
第三步、将第一步所得的反应中间体和第二步所得的二乙醇胺硼酸酯溶解在甲苯中,以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,在氮气保护下升温至140℃反应至回流无水生成,随后蒸出溶剂甲苯,得到黄色油状液体即为高效抗磨添加剂成品。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种环保型船用润滑油,其特征在于:在第一步中,所述二正丁胺、二硫化碳、环氧丙烷的质量比为13:6:8。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种环保型船用润滑油,其特征在于:在第二步中,所述硼酸和二乙醇胺的质量比为6:31。
7.根据权利要求4所述的一种环保型船用润滑油,其特征在于:在第三步中,所述反应中间体与二乙醇胺硼酸酯的质量比为2:1。
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CN106085566A (zh) * 2016-06-19 2016-11-09 海南极风润滑油有限公司 一种节能环保船用中速柴油发动机润滑油及其制备方法
CN107828465A (zh) * 2017-11-23 2018-03-23 陕西聚洁瀚化工有限公司 一种有机硫化酯润滑油添加剂的制备方法

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Application publication date: 20211029