CN113563845A - Green environment-friendly degradable dust-fixing agent and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Green environment-friendly degradable dust-fixing agent and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention discloses a green environment-friendly degradable dust-fixing agent and a preparation method thereof. The method for preparing the dust-fixing agent comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing starch milk, then placing the starch milk into a water bath kettle for stirring, adding a catalyst and introducing oxygen at a constant speed in the stirring process, continuously stirring, and finally stopping the reaction by using a cold water bath; removing the catalyst by suction filtration, and filtering to obtain a modified starch water dispersion liquid; weighing modified starch water dispersion liquid, urea and triethanolamine, uniformly mixing, carrying out reflux polycondensation grafting reaction, and finally drying to obtain cold water soluble N modified starch; the cold water soluble N modified starch, the guar gum, the PVA, the bentonite and the boric acid are put into a high-speed mechanical stirrer to be mixed, so that the environment-friendly degradable dust-fixing agent is prepared. The invention improves the dust-fixing efficiency and durability of the dust-fixing agent and provides nutrients for soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high polymer and environmental protection, and particularly relates to an environment-friendly degradable dust fixing agent and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The dust pollution is one of the world public hazards, and the influence on human beings and the environment is manifold, such as poison and stimulation to human beings, reduction of visibility, abrasion and corrosion of equipment, damage to crops, grassland and livestock sound fields and prominent influence on environmental sanitation. Therefore, the research and development of dust control technology have been highly regarded and the level thereof has been developed. Chemical dust suppression is one of the most effective methods in dust control. The high molecular dust suppression material can play a good role in suppressing dust on the surface of sandy ground and the dust pile pavement of a mine dock, can prevent wind erosion, and can keep moisture and form a hard consolidation layer on dust, sand and soil so as to achieve the purpose of controlling and improving the environment with sand damage.
In the 60 s of the 20 th century, foreign sandy soil curing agent technology was introduced in related units in China, and research work on soil curing agents was started aiming at the properties of sandy soil in China on the basis of absorbing foreign experiences. Until now, many scientific research institutes and universities have studied sandy soil solidifying agents, and a series of research achievements have been obtained, and some products have been applied to engineering construction. The influence of the hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile on the physical properties of the soil is reported in the Nengseiulus haematocephalus in 1965, and the result shows that the hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile can improve the soil structure and increase the yield of the spring wheat. Wu Zengxiang in the end of the 70 s summarized the development, variety and application of foreign soil structure improving agents according to the current state of foreign research at that time. The key consideration at that time is to improve the physical properties of the soil and to increase the crop yield, and the product price and application cost are high, so that the method cannot be widely popularized and applied. The Liu loop and the like select vinyl monomers such as acrylic acid and the like as main bodies, and synthesize a novel water-soluble polymer soil curing agent through a high-molecular polymerization reaction, but the curing mechanism of the novel water-soluble polymer soil curing agent is not clear. Meanwhile, researchers are also dedicated to develop polymer soil improvement products with lower cost and higher efficiency, and continuously have patent disclosures and literature reports in the aspects of polymer soil stabilizers or erosion-resistant agents such as polyacrylic acids, polyethylene mash, polyurethane and the like, and the application research of the polymer soil improvement products is gradually expanded to the aspects of desert control, bare soil fixation, engineering construction and the like. From the performance and economic perspective of products on the current market, the problems of high cost, inconvenient use, single performance, poor durability, environmental pollution to a certain degree and the like generally exist, so that the large-area popularization and use in the aspects of sand fixation and water loss prevention are limited. Therefore, the research and development of new sand-fixing and dust-suppressing material products with low cost, multiple purposes, long effect, convenient use and environmental friendliness are urgent to popularize and use nationwide.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a green environment-friendly degradable dust-fixing agent and a preparation method thereof aiming at the defects of the prior art. The cold water soluble N modified starch prepared by the method can play a role in dust fixation and can also provide nutrients for soil; the bentonite and the boric acid can generate interaction with hydroxyl groups on PVA and soluble N starch, so that a double-network structure is constructed, the strength of a continuous film is increased, and the dust fixing effect is improved; the dust fixing agent is green and environment-friendly, strong in durability and convenient to use.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the green environment-friendly degradable dust-fixing agent is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing cold water soluble N modified starch: weighing starch, preparing the starch into starch milk by using deionized water, putting the starch milk into a water bath kettle which is preheated to 60-80 ℃ in advance, stirring, adding a catalyst CuO and introducing oxygen at a constant speed in the stirring process, continuously stirring for 2-4 h, and then stopping the reaction by using a cold water bath; filtering with a circulating water vacuum pump to remove CuO as a catalyst, and filtering to obtain a modified starch water dispersion;
weighing modified starch water dispersion liquid, urea and triethanolamine, uniformly mixing at room temperature, carrying out reflux polycondensation grafting reaction at the temperature of 100 ℃, drying by a thermal spray dryer for 2-4 h, and filtering by a 100-mesh sieve after drying to obtain cold water soluble N modified starch with the powder diameter of less than 0.15 mm;
in the modification reaction of cold water soluble N modified starch in S1, under the catalysis of CuO, oxygen is used as a reaction raw material to generate aldehyde or ketone groups from starch hydroxyl groups, so that good water compatibility is given while hydrogen bond action among the starch is reduced, and cold water soluble is realized; the process is adopted, chemical reagents are not needed to participate, residues are not left, the process is green and environment-friendly, the conversion degree of aldehyde or ketone groups is high, the modified starch water dispersion liquid, the triethanol and the urea are favorable for generating the cold water soluble N modified starch with the side chain containing N elements through the reflux polycondensation grafting reaction, the modification degree is high, the cold water compatibility of the modified starch water dispersion liquid can be increased, N can be loaded and used as a fertilizer, CuO is used as a catalyst, and the CuO is finally removed through suction filtration and can be recycled, and meanwhile pollution is prevented.
S2, compounding the green environment-friendly degradable dust-fixing agent: weighing the cold water soluble N modified starch prepared in the S1, guar gum, PVA, bentonite and boric acid according to the weight ratio of (20-40): (20-40): (10-40): (8-15): and (2-5) putting the mixture into a high-speed mechanical stirrer in proportion, and uniformly mixing to obtain the environment-friendly degradable dust-fixing agent.
PVA and guar gum are adopted in S2, and the PVA plays roles of gluing and dust fixation through the action of hydroxyl and soil particles; the guar gum plays a thickening role and a continuous film forming function, improves the dust fixing efficiency, and avoids the problems that the traditional dust fixing reagent is difficult to continuously form a film and has poor dust fixing effect; bentonite and boric acid can interact with hydroxyl on PVA and cold water soluble N modified starch to construct a double-network structure, and simultaneously the bentonite is also a good adding reagent, so that the strength of the continuous film is increased, and the problem that the continuous film is easy to damage in the presence of guar gum by the PVA and the starch is solved; boric acid can also be used as a soil improvement agent to improve soil conditions.
Therefore, the green environment-friendly degradable dust fixing agent prepared by the invention has the advantages that the raw materials contain no chemical reagent, the adopted components are all pollution-free and degradable, the preparation process is simple and convenient, the durability is strong, the prepared dust fixing agent aqueous solution can be sprayed for use, and the use method is simple and convenient.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the cold water soluble N-modified starch, the guar gum, the PVA, the bentonite and the boric acid in S2 is (25-30): (35-38): (32-35): (9-10): (4-5).
Preferably, the starch milk concentration in S1 is 20% -40%.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the starch milk to the CuO in S1 is 1: (0.1-0.25); starch milk mass (Kg) and oxygen volume (m) introduced3) The ratio is 1: (1-1.5).
Preferably, the mass ratio of the modified starch water dispersion liquid, the urea and the triethanol in S1 is 100: (30-50): (5-15).
Preferably, the stirring time of the high-speed mechanical stirrer in S2 is 45min-120min, and the stirring speed is 500rpm-1000 rpm.
Preferably, the green environment-friendly degradable dust fixing agent is dissolved in water, the stirring speed is 60rpm-180rpm at room temperature, the stirring time is 30min-100min, a dust fixing agent aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 1 wt% -10 wt% is finally prepared, and the dust is fixed by adopting a spraying method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the cold water soluble N modified starch is prepared by the modification method, the modification degree is high, and the prepared cold water soluble N modified starch not only can play a role in dust fixation, but also can provide nutrients for soil; the invention also adopts PVA and guar gum, and the PVA plays roles of gluing and dust fixation through the action of hydroxyl and soil particles; the guar gum plays a role in thickening and a continuous film forming function, improves dust fixing efficiency, and avoids the problems that the traditional dust fixing reagent is difficult to form a film continuously and has poor dust fixing effect.
2. The bentonite and boric acid in the invention can generate interaction with hydroxyl on PVA and cold water soluble N modified starch, thereby constructing a double-network structure, and simultaneously the bentonite is also a good adding reagent, thereby increasing the strength of the continuous film and preventing the problem that the continuous film is easy to damage in the presence of guar gum; boric acid can also be used as a soil improvement agent to improve soil conditions.
3. The green environment-friendly degradable dust-fixing agent provided by the invention has the advantages that the raw materials contain no chemical reagent, the adopted components are pollution-free and degradable, the preparation process is simple and convenient, the durability is strong, the prepared dust-fixing agent aqueous solution can be sprayed for use, the use method is simple and convenient, and the application can be widely realized.
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail by examples.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The preparation method of the green environment-friendly degradable dust fixing agent comprises the following steps:
S1、preparing cold water soluble N modified starch: weighing 200g of starch, preparing 20% starch milk with 800ml of deionized water, placing the 20% starch milk into a water bath kettle which is preheated to 60 ℃ in advance, stirring, then adding 2g of CuO at constant speed and introducing 200dm of the starch3Stirring the mixture for 2 hours, and stopping the reaction by using a cold water bath; then, carrying out suction filtration by using a circulating water vacuum pump to remove CuO, and filtering to obtain a modified starch water dispersion liquid;
weighing 100g of modified starch water dispersion liquid, 30g of urea and 15g of triethanolamine, uniformly mixing at room temperature, carrying out reflux polycondensation grafting reaction at the temperature of 100 ℃, drying by a thermal spray dryer, and filtering by a 100-mesh sieve to obtain cold water soluble N modified starch with the powder diameter of less than 0.15mm, wherein the reaction time is 2 h;
s2, compounding the green environment-friendly degradable dust-fixing agent: weighing 25g of cold water soluble N modified starch prepared in S1, 25g of guar gum, 35g of PVA, 10g of bentonite and 5g of boric acid, putting into a high-speed mechanical stirrer, and mixing, wherein the stirring time of the high-speed mechanical stirrer is 45min, and the stirring speed is 500rpm, so as to prepare the environment-friendly degradable dust fixing agent.
The use method of the green environment-friendly degradable dust-fixing agent comprises the following steps: weighing 10g of the prepared green environment-friendly degradable dust fixing agent, dissolving in 990ml of water, stirring at the stirring speed of 60rpm for 30min at room temperature to prepare a dust fixing agent aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 1 wt%, and fixing dust by adopting a spraying method.
In the embodiment, the principle of preparing the cold water soluble N modified starch is that under the catalysis of CuO, oxygen is used as a reaction raw material, and hydroxyl groups of the starch generate aldehyde or ketone groups, so that good water compatibility is given while hydrogen bond action among the starches is reduced, and thus cold water soluble is realized; the process is adopted, chemical reagents are not needed to participate, residues are not left, the process is green and environment-friendly, the conversion degree of aldehyde or ketone groups is high, the modified starch water dispersion liquid, the triethanol and the urea are favorable for generating the cold water soluble N modified starch with the side chain containing N elements through the reflux polycondensation grafting reaction, the modification degree is high, the cold water compatibility of the modified starch water dispersion liquid can be increased, N can be loaded and used as a fertilizer, CuO is used as a catalyst, and the CuO is finally removed through suction filtration and can be recycled, and meanwhile pollution is prevented.
Finally, the cold water soluble N modified starch, the guar gum, the PVA, the bentonite and the boric acid are uniformly mixed to prepare the dust fixing agent.
Example 2
The preparation method of the green environment-friendly degradable dust fixing agent comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing cold water soluble N modified starch: weighing 300g of starch, preparing 30% starch milk by using 700ml of deionized water, putting the 30% starch milk into a water bath kettle which is preheated to 70 ℃ in advance, stirring, then adding CuO at a constant speed and introducing oxygen, wherein the mass ratio of the starch milk to the CuO is 1: 0.17; the ratio of the mass of the starch milk to the volume of the introduced oxygen is 1: 1.25, continuing stirring for 3 hours, and stopping the reaction by using a cold water bath; then, carrying out suction filtration by using a circulating water vacuum pump to remove CuO, and filtering to obtain a modified starch water dispersion liquid;
weighing the components in a mass ratio of 100: 30: 5, uniformly mixing the modified starch aqueous dispersion, urea and triethanolamine at room temperature, carrying out reflux polycondensation grafting reaction at the temperature of 100 ℃, wherein the reaction time is 3 hours, drying by a thermal spray dryer, and filtering by adopting a 100-mesh sieve to obtain cold water soluble N modified starch with the powder diameter of less than 0.15 mm;
s2, compounding the green environment-friendly degradable dust-fixing agent: weighing the cold water soluble N modified starch prepared in S1, and mixing the cold water soluble N modified starch with guar gum, PVA, bentonite and boric acid according to the weight ratio of 20: 20: 40: 8: 4, uniformly mixing in a high-speed mechanical stirrer at the stirring speed of 750rpm for 82min to prepare the environment-friendly degradable dust-fixing agent.
The use method of the green environment-friendly degradable dust-fixing agent comprises the following steps: 60g of the prepared green environment-friendly degradable dust fixing agent is weighed and dissolved in 940ml of water, the stirring speed is 120rpm at room temperature, the stirring time is 70min, a dust fixing agent aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 6 wt% is prepared, and dust is fixed by adopting a spraying method.
Example 3
The preparation method of the green environment-friendly degradable dust fixing agent comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing cold water soluble N modified starch: weighing 400g of starch, preparing 40% starch milk by using 600ml of deionized water, putting the 40% starch milk into a water bath kettle which is preheated to 70 ℃ in advance, stirring, then adding CuO and introducing oxygen at a constant speed, wherein the mass ratio of the starch milk to the CuO is 1: 0.25; the ratio of the mass of the starch milk to the volume of the introduced oxygen is 1: 1.5, continuing stirring for 4 hours, and stopping the reaction by using a cold water bath; then, carrying out suction filtration by using a circulating water vacuum pump to remove CuO, and filtering to obtain a modified starch water dispersion liquid;
weighing the components in a mass ratio of 100: 50: 15, uniformly mixing the modified starch aqueous dispersion, urea and triethanolamine at room temperature, carrying out reflux polycondensation grafting reaction at the temperature of 100 ℃, wherein the reaction time is 4 hours, drying by a thermal spray dryer, and filtering by adopting a 100-mesh sieve to obtain cold water soluble N modified starch with the powder diameter of less than 0.15 mm;
s2, compounding the green environment-friendly degradable dust-fixing agent: weighing the cold water soluble N modified starch prepared in S1, and mixing the cold water soluble N modified starch with guar gum, PVA, bentonite and boric acid according to the weight ratio of 40: 40: 10: 15: 2, mixing in a high-speed mechanical stirrer, wherein the stirring time of the high-speed mechanical stirrer is 120min, and the stirring speed is 1000rpm, so as to prepare the green environment-friendly degradable dust-fixing agent.
The use method of the green environment-friendly degradable dust-fixing agent comprises the following steps: 100g of the prepared green environment-friendly degradable dust fixing agent is weighed and dissolved in 900ml of water, the stirring speed is 180rpm under the condition of room temperature, the stirring time is 100min, a dust fixing agent aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 10 wt% is prepared, and the dust is fixed by adopting a spraying method.
Example 4
The preparation method of the green environment-friendly degradable dust fixing agent comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing cold water soluble N modified starch: weighing 250g of starch, preparing 25% starch milk by using 750ml of deionized water, placing the 25% starch milk into a water bath kettle which is preheated to 65 ℃ in advance, stirring, then adding CuO and introducing oxygen at a constant speed, wherein the mass ratio of the starch milk to the CuO is 1: 0.1; the ratio of the mass of the starch milk to the volume of the introduced oxygen is 1: 1, continuing stirring for 2.5h, and stopping the reaction by using a cold water bath; then, carrying out suction filtration by using a circulating water vacuum pump to remove CuO, and filtering to obtain a modified starch water dispersion liquid;
weighing the components in a mass ratio of 100: 30: 10, uniformly mixing the modified starch water dispersion liquid, urea and triethanolamine at room temperature, carrying out reflux polycondensation grafting reaction at the temperature of 100 ℃, wherein the reaction time is 2.5 hours, drying by a thermal spray dryer, and filtering by adopting a 100-mesh sieve to obtain cold water soluble N modified starch with the powder diameter of less than 0.15 mm;
s2, compounding the green environment-friendly degradable dust-fixing agent: the cold water soluble N modified starch prepared in S1, guar gum, PVA, bentonite and boric acid are mixed according to the weight ratio of 30: 30: 30: 12: 3, mixing in a high-speed mechanical stirrer at a stirring speed of 800rpm for 100min to prepare the green environment-friendly degradable dust-fixing agent.
The use method of the green environment-friendly degradable dust-fixing agent comprises the following steps: weighing 50g of the prepared green environment-friendly degradable dust fixing agent, dissolving the green environment-friendly degradable dust fixing agent in 950ml of water, stirring at the stirring speed of 150rpm for 60min at room temperature to prepare a dust fixing agent aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 5 wt%, and fixing dust by adopting a spraying method.
Example 5
The preparation method of the green environment-friendly degradable dust fixing agent comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing cold water soluble N modified starch: weighing 350g of starch, preparing 35% starch milk by using 650ml of deionized water, placing the 35% starch milk into a water bath kettle which is preheated to 75 ℃ in advance, stirring, then adding CuO and introducing oxygen at a constant speed, wherein the mass ratio of the starch milk to the CuO is 1: 0.2; the ratio of the mass of the starch milk to the volume of the introduced oxygen is 1: 1.3, continuing stirring for 3.5h, and stopping the reaction by using a cold water bath; then, carrying out suction filtration by using a circulating water vacuum pump to remove CuO, and filtering to obtain a modified starch water dispersion liquid;
weighing the components in a mass ratio of 100: 40: 10, uniformly mixing the modified starch water dispersion liquid, urea and triethanolamine at room temperature, carrying out reflux polycondensation grafting reaction at the temperature of 100 ℃, wherein the reaction time is 2.5 hours, drying by a thermal spray dryer, and filtering by adopting a 100-mesh sieve to obtain cold water soluble N modified starch with the powder diameter of less than 0.15 mm;
s2, compounding the green environment-friendly degradable dust-fixing agent: the cold water soluble N modified starch prepared in S1, guar gum, PVA, bentonite and boric acid are mixed according to the weight ratio of 20: 20: 10: 8: 2, mixing in a high-speed mechanical stirrer, wherein the stirring time of the high-speed mechanical stirrer is 90min, and the stirring speed is 600rpm, so as to prepare the green environment-friendly degradable dust-fixing agent.
The use method of the green environment-friendly degradable dust-fixing agent comprises the following steps: 70g of the prepared green environment-friendly degradable dust fixing agent is weighed and dissolved in 930ml of water, the stirring speed is 150rpm at room temperature, the stirring time is 60min, a dust fixing agent aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 7 wt% is prepared, and dust is fixed by adopting a spraying method.
Example 6
The preparation method of the green environment-friendly degradable dust fixing agent comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing cold water soluble N modified starch: weighing 350g of starch, preparing 35% starch milk by using 650ml of deionized water, placing the 35% starch milk into a water bath kettle which is preheated to 75 ℃ in advance, stirring, then adding CuO and introducing oxygen at a constant speed, wherein the mass ratio of the starch milk to the CuO is 1: 0.15; the ratio of the mass of the starch milk to the volume of the introduced oxygen is 1: 1.4, continuing stirring for 3.5h, and stopping the reaction by using a cold water bath; then, carrying out suction filtration by using a circulating water vacuum pump to remove CuO, and filtering to obtain a modified starch water dispersion liquid;
weighing the components in a mass ratio of 100: 40: 15, uniformly mixing the modified starch aqueous dispersion, urea and triethanolamine at room temperature, carrying out reflux polycondensation grafting reaction at the temperature of 100 ℃, wherein the reaction time is 2.5 hours, drying by a thermal spray dryer, and filtering by adopting a 100-mesh sieve to obtain cold water soluble N modified starch with the powder diameter of less than 0.15 mm;
s2, compounding the green environment-friendly degradable dust-fixing agent: the cold water soluble N modified starch prepared in S1, guar gum, PVA, bentonite and boric acid in a weight ratio of 25: 35: 32: 9: and 5, mixing the mixture in a high-speed mechanical stirrer at the stirring speed of 600rpm for 90min to prepare the environment-friendly degradable dust-fixing agent.
The use method of the green environment-friendly degradable dust-fixing agent comprises the following steps: 70g of the prepared green environment-friendly degradable dust fixing agent is weighed and dissolved in 930ml of water, the stirring speed is 150rpm at room temperature, the stirring time is 60min, a dust fixing agent aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 7 wt% is prepared, and dust is fixed by adopting a spraying method.
Example 7
The preparation method of the green environment-friendly degradable dust fixing agent comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing cold water soluble N modified starch: weighing 400g of starch, preparing 40% starch milk by using 600ml of deionized water, putting the 40% starch milk into a water bath kettle which is preheated to 70 ℃ in advance, stirring, then adding CuO and introducing oxygen at a constant speed, wherein the mass ratio of the starch milk to the CuO is 1: 0.25; the ratio of the mass of the starch milk to the volume of the introduced oxygen is 1: 1.5, continuing stirring for 4 hours, and stopping the reaction by using a cold water bath; then, carrying out suction filtration by using a circulating water vacuum pump to remove CuO, and filtering to obtain a modified starch water dispersion liquid;
weighing the components in a mass ratio of 100: 50: 10, uniformly mixing the modified starch water dispersion liquid, urea and triethanolamine at room temperature, carrying out reflux polycondensation grafting reaction at the temperature of 100 ℃, wherein the reaction time is 4 hours, drying by a thermal spray dryer, and filtering by adopting a 100-mesh sieve to obtain cold water soluble N modified starch with the powder diameter of less than 0.15 mm;
s2, compounding the green environment-friendly degradable dust-fixing agent: weighing the cold water soluble N modified starch prepared in S1, and mixing the cold water soluble N modified starch with guar gum, PVA, bentonite and boric acid according to the weight ratio of 30: 38: 35: 10: 5, mixing in a high-speed mechanical stirrer, wherein the stirring time of the high-speed mechanical stirrer is 120min, and the stirring speed is 1000rpm, so as to prepare the environment-friendly degradable dust-fixing agent.
The use method of the green environment-friendly degradable dust-fixing agent comprises the following steps: weighing 40g of the prepared green environment-friendly degradable dust fixing agent, dissolving the green environment-friendly degradable dust fixing agent in 960ml of water, stirring at the room temperature at the stirring speed of 180rpm for 100min to prepare a dust fixing agent aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 4 wt%, and fixing dust by adopting a spraying method.
Example 8
The preparation method of the green environment-friendly degradable dust fixing agent comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing cold water soluble N modified starch: weighing 250g of starch, preparing 25% starch milk by using 750ml of deionized water, placing the 25% starch milk into a water bath kettle which is preheated to 65 ℃ in advance, stirring, then adding CuO and introducing oxygen at a constant speed, wherein the mass ratio of the starch milk to the CuO is 1: 0.1; the ratio of the mass of the starch milk to the volume of the introduced oxygen is 1: 1, continuing stirring for 2.5h, and stopping the reaction by using a cold water bath; then, carrying out suction filtration by using a circulating water vacuum pump to remove CuO, and filtering to obtain a modified starch water dispersion liquid;
weighing the components in a mass ratio of 100: 40: 5, uniformly mixing the modified starch aqueous dispersion, urea and triethanolamine at room temperature, carrying out reflux polycondensation grafting reaction at the temperature of 100 ℃, wherein the reaction time is 2.5 hours, drying by a thermal spray dryer, and filtering by adopting a 100-mesh sieve to obtain cold water soluble N modified starch with the powder diameter of less than 0.15 mm;
s2, compounding the green environment-friendly degradable dust-fixing agent: the cold water soluble N modified starch prepared in S1, guar gum, PVA, bentonite and boric acid are mixed according to the weight ratio of 30: 30: 40: 15: 5, mixing in a high-speed mechanical stirrer at a stirring speed of 800rpm for 100min to obtain the green environment-friendly degradable dust-fixing agent.
The use method of the green environment-friendly degradable dust-fixing agent comprises the following steps: weighing 50g of the prepared green environment-friendly degradable dust fixing agent, dissolving the green environment-friendly degradable dust fixing agent in 950ml of water, stirring at the stirring speed of 150rpm for 60min at room temperature to prepare a dust fixing agent aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 5 wt%, and fixing dust by adopting a spraying method.
Example 9
The preparation method of the green environment-friendly degradable dust fixing agent comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing cold water soluble N modified starch: weighing 300g of starch, preparing 30% starch milk by using 700ml of deionized water, putting the 30% starch milk into a water bath kettle which is preheated to 70 ℃ in advance, stirring, then adding CuO at a constant speed and introducing oxygen, wherein the mass ratio of the starch milk to the CuO is 1: 0.21; the ratio of the mass of the starch milk to the volume of the introduced oxygen is 1: 1.1, continuing stirring for 3 hours, and stopping the reaction by using a cold water bath; then, carrying out suction filtration by using a circulating water vacuum pump to remove CuO, and filtering to obtain a modified starch water dispersion liquid;
weighing the components in a mass ratio of 100: 50: 5, uniformly mixing the modified starch aqueous dispersion, urea and triethanolamine at room temperature, carrying out reflux polycondensation grafting reaction at the temperature of 100 ℃, wherein the reaction time is 3 hours, drying by a thermal spray dryer, and filtering by adopting a 100-mesh sieve to obtain cold water soluble N modified starch with the powder diameter of less than 0.15 mm;
s2, compounding the green environment-friendly degradable dust-fixing agent: weighing the cold water soluble N modified starch prepared in S1, and mixing the cold water soluble N modified starch with guar gum, PVA, bentonite and boric acid according to the weight ratio of 30: 30: 10: 8: 2, uniformly mixing the mixture in a high-speed mechanical stirrer, wherein the stirring time of the high-speed mechanical stirrer is 82min, and the stirring speed is 750rpm, so as to prepare the environment-friendly degradable dust-fixing agent.
The use method of the green environment-friendly degradable dust-fixing agent comprises the following steps: 60g of the prepared green environment-friendly degradable dust fixing agent is weighed and dissolved in 940ml of water, the stirring speed is 120rpm at room temperature, the stirring time is 70min, a dust fixing agent aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 6 wt% is prepared, and dust is fixed by adopting a spraying method.
The properties of the green environmentally degradable dust-fixing agents prepared in examples 1 to 9 are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 Properties of Green environmental degradable dust-fixing agent prepared in examples 1-9
As can be seen from Table 1, the amount of organic VOC discharged is mainly related to the amount of the triethylene glycol, although the organic VOC discharged is generated by trace residue after the polycondensation grafting reaction, and the VOC discharge is larger when the amount of the triethylene glycol is larger;
the degradation performance is mainly related to the consumption of bentonite, other components are all full-degradable substances, and the larger the consumption of the bentonite is, the larger the residual amount after degradation is. Of course, bentonite is one of the soil constituents and has no harm to the environment and the soil;
the compressive strength mainly comes from the physical crosslinking action of the cold water soluble N modified starch, PVA, bentonite and boric acid, the more the crosslinking action is, the higher the compressive strength is, wherein the cold water soluble N modified starch and PVA are excessive, so that the larger the usage amount of the bentonite and the boric acid is, the more the physical crosslinking points are, and the higher the compressive strength is;
the rain resistance and the frost resistance are basic performances, and in the range of research formula, the formed physical crosslinking effect cannot be destroyed, on the contrary, if the traditional formula does not have boric acid and PVA enhanced crosslinking, the rain resistance and the frost resistance are poorer;
the evaporation resistance is mainly related to a physical cross-linked polymer system (namely physical cross-linking of cold water soluble N modified starch, PVA, bentonite and boric acid) capable of absorbing water and guar gum, wherein the more water-absorbing polymers (cold water soluble N modified starch, PVA and guar gum) are, a cross-linked film is formed, and the better evaporation resistance is;
the impermeability is related to the physical cross-linked polymer system (i.e. the physical cross-linking of the cold water soluble N-modified starch, PVA with bentonite, boric acid) and guar gum, wherein the more water-absorbing polymers (cold water soluble N-modified starch, PVA and guar gum) are, the better the impermeability is, and the cross-linked film is formed.
Based on the above research theory and a large number of experiments, the present invention finally determines the weight ratio of the cold water soluble N-modified starch, guar gum, PVA, bentonite and boric acid to be (20-40): (20-40): (10-40): (8-15): (2-5). The environment-friendly degradable dust fixing agent obtained under the condition of the mixing proportion has a good dust fixing effect, and also has the advantages of no environmental pollution, soil fertility improvement and the like.
Meanwhile, the green environment-friendly degradable dust-fixing agent prepared in the embodiment 1-9 is sprayed on an earthwork site with serious dust emission, the dust emission is obviously improved, no dust emission is generated basically, and the urban environment is protected. After the green environment-friendly degradable dust-fixing agent is compounded with water, 2-4L of the dust-fixing agent is sprayed on soil per square meter, and the dust-fixing agent is sprayed more properly according to the state of the soil, such as sandy soil.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of a green environment-friendly degradable dust-fixing agent is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing cold water soluble N modified starch: weighing starch, preparing the starch into starch milk by using deionized water, putting the starch milk into a water bath kettle which is preheated to 60-80 ℃ in advance, stirring, adding a catalyst CuO and introducing oxygen at a constant speed in the stirring process, continuously stirring for 2-4 h, and then stopping the reaction by using a cold water bath; filtering with a circulating water vacuum pump to remove CuO as a catalyst, and filtering to obtain a modified starch water dispersion;
weighing modified starch water dispersion liquid, urea and triethanolamine, uniformly mixing at room temperature, carrying out reflux polycondensation grafting reaction at the temperature of 100 ℃, drying by a thermal spray dryer for 2-4 h, and filtering by a 100-mesh sieve after drying to obtain cold water soluble N modified starch with the powder diameter of less than 0.15 mm;
s2, compounding the green environment-friendly degradable dust-fixing agent: weighing the cold water soluble N modified starch prepared in the S1, guar gum, PVA, bentonite and boric acid according to the weight ratio of (20-40): (20-40): (10-40): (8-15): and (2-5) putting the mixture into a high-speed mechanical stirrer in proportion, and uniformly mixing to obtain the environment-friendly degradable dust-fixing agent.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of cold water-soluble N-modified starch, guar gum, PVA, bentonite and boric acid in S2 is (25-30): (35-38): (32-35): (9-10): (4-5).
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the starch milk concentration in S1 is 20-40%.
4. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein the mass ratio of the starch milk to the CuO in S1 is 1: (0.1-0.25); the ratio of the mass of the starch milk to the volume of the introduced oxygen is 1: (1-1.5).
5. The preparation method of claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the modified starch water dispersion, urea and triethanolamine in S1 is 100: (30-50): (5-15).
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the stirring time of the high-speed mechanical stirrer in S2 is 45min to 120min, and the stirring rate is 500rpm to 1000 rpm.
7. The application of the green environment-friendly degradable dust fixing agent prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is characterized in that the green environment-friendly degradable dust fixing agent is dissolved in water, stirred at the room temperature at the stirring speed of 60rpm to 180rpm for 30min to 100min, finally prepared into a dust fixing agent aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 1 wt% to 10 wt%, and dust is fixed by adopting a spraying method.
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