CN104804140B - A kind of water-retaining sand-stabilizing liquid-state mulch film and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of water-retaining sand-stabilizing liquid-state mulch film and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of water-retaining sand-stabilizing liquid-state mulch film and preparation method thereof, belongs to field of agricultural production technologies.The weight portion of the liquid-state mulch film is consisted of:30 50 parts of superfine silica sols or nano silicon, 40 100 parts of carboxymethyl celluloses, 20 30 parts of N N-isopropylacrylamides, 15 parts of ferrocene, 0.02 0.3 parts of cross-linking agent and 0.4 1.2 parts of initiators;The solid content of superfine silica sol is 10wt% 30wt%, and wherein the particle diameter of silicon dioxide is 1 100nm.The liquid-state mulch film of the present invention easily forms colloid with water, soil particle can be linked up, by the sandy soil without structure disperses, the resilient liptinite of tool is connected into, shape film property is good, the reticular membrane that intensity is good, on the one hand can close soil surface hole, intercept soil moisture volatilization, on the other hand the infiltration of moisture is not but hindered, good water conservation, soil moisture conservation, sand fixation is played, desert, the performance of arid soil is effectively improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of arid soil, desert liquid-state mulch film, and in particular to a kind of water-retaining sand-stabilizing liquid-state mulch film and
Its preparation method, the mulch film be it is a kind of there is cancellated macromolecule organic composite liquid mulch film, with water conservation, fix the sand, can
Degraded effect, belongs to field of agricultural production technologies.
Background technology
China is one of country of desertification most serious in the world, and sandy land area is up to more than 40 ten thousand square kilometres.And mesh
The desertification area in front some places continues to expansion.Desertification has not only broken up land resource, valuable arable land, grassland is further subtracted
It is few, but also serious environmental problem is brought, the vivosphere of the mankind is seriously threatened.With national development of the West Regions
The increase of the propulsion and desert area infrastructure construction of strategy, people more come to the requirement defended and controlled sand, improve the ecological environment
Stronger, it is one of China strategy of sustainable development urgent problem reasonably to defend and control sand.Modern sand fixing technology
In pattern, it is extremely important to study efficient, cheap chemical sand-fixing materialses.
Plastic film is a kind of macromolecular compound of synthetic, degradable in its natural state to want the centuries
Complete, and most plastic film using it is rear it is easily wetted, make dirty, can only finally be recovered to refuse landfill, can not follow
Ring is utilized.At present, " white pollution " problem present on the world, on the one hand showing soil, plastic film is ceaselessly accumulated,
On the other hand lack effective mulch film recovery method again.Therefore, mulch film residual has become mankind's problem demanding prompt solution.
Liquid ground film, also known as liquid film on soil surface, is a kind of degradable macromolecule organic compound newly developed, belongs to soil tune
Reason agent class, after spraying to water, can form a tunic in upper soll layer, can promote Zinc fractions granule, and improved soil structure is fixed
Table soil, protect topsoil, suppress moisture evaporation, prevent water loss, improve ground temperature, economize on water, improve soil physical property, and
The effect of the aspects such as preventing and fixing sand is notable, is a kind of high-new soil protection technology for newly emerging both at home and abroad.
Liquid-state mulch film can be divided into the first generation, the second filial generation, third generation liquid-state mulch film.First generation liquid-state mulch film is with asphalt
Or residual oil be raw material, produce mulch film cost it is higher, popularization receive certain restriction;Second filial generation liquid-state mulch film is first
For developing development on the basis of liquid-state mulch film, its price is lower, raw material sources are more extensive, and it is mainly with agriculture
The rice straw of crop, bark etc. are raw material, carry out chemical modification using weathered coal, brown coal or peat etc., add some other adding
Plus agent is produced;Third generation liquid-state mulch film be with papermaking wastewater, wine brewing waste liquid, Sargassum waste liquid, starch waste liquor etc. as raw material,
The macromolecular compound formed in the presence of various cross-linking agent.
CN1358906A discloses a kind of method using liquid-state mulch film ontrolling sand and fixing desert in desertification of land engineering is administered,
The technical process of the present invention is as follows:Degraded Grasslands desert, desertification, desertify soil on carry out crops, medical herbs, shrub,
Arbor sow or cuttage after, liquid-state mulch film natural juice is blended into into 4-12 times of clear water, common spray pattern is used, the uniform flushing liquor in per mu of ground
State mulch film natural juice 40-100 kilogram.After using liquid-state mulch film, because which has strong adhesive attraction, Gu Er can make the soil after sprinkling
Earth, is tied, and forms comparatively ideal aggregate, so as to prevent water erosion and the generation of wind erosion phenomenon, and can make soil temperature raising 1-4
DEG C, more than 30%, water content increase rate is more than 20% to evaporation suppression ratio, and water-stable granule increases by more than 10%, thus, can
Well-grown vegetation is nurtured, so as to reach the purpose of the solid film of sand control.The stability and degradability of the mulch film is poor.
CN103305227A discloses a kind of black liquid state environment protection multifunctional mulch film, comprising following component:It is highly concentrated to have
Machine waste water 20-40wt.%, humic acid 0-30wt.%, aggregate into membrane 3-15wt.%, water 30-70wt.%, cross-linking agent 1-
3wt.%, stabilizer 0-20wt.% and soil additive 0-20wt.%.The invention is adopted with humic acidss and black liquid as original
The degradable liquid-state mulch film of material production, it has a double effects, the heating, preserve soil moisture of existing plastic film, the effect of keeping a full stand of seedings, also compared with
Grogs can be coupled to preferable aggregate by strong adhesive capacity, and the water retaining function of the mulch film is undesirable, and easily causes two
Secondary pollution.
CN102533276A discloses a kind of degradable liquid-state mulch film, comprising montmorillonite, humic acidss.Potassium hydroxide or hydrogen-oxygen
Change sodium, cross-linking agent, film former, waterglass, micro- fertilizer, pesticide, herbicide.The mulch film of the invention is relatively costly, and raw material sources are subject to
One definite limitation, when the material dilutes in addition, chance hard water is easily emulsified causes film property to reduce.
In prior art, the film properties of liquid-state mulch film are not universal good, particularly the dry and wet intensity of mulch film, draftability, cracking resistance
Property etc., after the rain, liquid-state mulch film is easily broken, and film quality is thicker, and membrane pores are larger, and water conservation, heat insulating ability are poor, fixes the sand, the property of water conservation
Comprehensively can not embody.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is for technical problem present in prior art, there is provided a kind of to have cancellated high score
Sub- organic composite liquid mulch film and preparation method thereof.The present invention introduces water conservation nano inorganic on the basis of high molecular polymer
Thing so as to water conservation, salt tolerant, the multi-functional fixed the sand with degradable, can be effectively improved desert, the agricultural of arid lands and ask
Topic.
The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of water-retaining sand-stabilizing liquid-state mulch film, i.e., with cancellated macromolecule organic composite liquid mulch film, its raw material group
Into following (weight portion):
Wherein, parent of the superfine silica sol for nano silicon, its preparation method is:Sodium silicate dilution is dissolved in
After water, ultrasonic vibration 10-20min mix homogeneously forms concentration for 5wt%~40wt% water glass solutions;By highly acid sun from
Sub-exchange resin and strong-base anion-exchange resin by volume 1:2~1:3 are mixed to get composite resin;By water glass solution
With compound exchanger resin by weight 20:1~40:1 is thoroughly mixed, and removes impurity, obtains the silicate solution of pretreatment;To
Aqueous slkali is added in amount of activated silicate solution, regulation pH value is 9-10,70-85 DEG C of reacting by heating 1-3 hour of normal press control
Ludox mother solution is obtained afterwards;Ludox mother solution carries out dehydration point, concentration purification, prepares concentration for 10wt%-30wt%'s
Ludox, wherein silicon dioxide particle diameter is between 1-100nm.
Preferably, parts by weight shared by described superfine silica sol be 35-40, more preferably 35;Thickness of silica gel
For 20wt%.In the present invention, superfine silica sol can be replaced the nano silicon that particle diameter is 1~100nm.
Preferably, parts by weight shared by carboxymethyl cellulose be 70-90, more preferably 75.
Preferably, described cross-linking agent is N,N methylene bis acrylamide.
Preferably, described initiator is potassium peroxydisulfate and anhydrous sodium sulfite, and the two mass ratio is 1:1.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a kind of preparation with cancellated macromolecule organic composite liquid mulch film
Method.
A kind of preparation method of water-retaining sand-stabilizing liquid-state mulch film, comprises the steps:
(1) get the raw materials ready by following composition (weight portion):
(2) prepare superfine silica sol:Sodium silicate dilution is dissolved in after water, ultrasonic vibration 10-20min mix homogeneously is formed
Concentration is 5wt%~40wt% water glass solutions;Storng-acid cation exchange resin is pressed with strong-base anion-exchange resin
Volume ratio 1:2~1:3 are mixed to get composite resin;By water glass solution and compound exchanger resin by weight 20:1~40:1 fills
Divide stirring mixing, remove impurity, obtain the silicate solution of pretreatment;Aqueous slkali is added in amount of activated silicate solution, is adjusted
PH value is 9-10, after 70-85 DEG C of reacting by heating 1-3 hour of normal press control Ludox mother solution;Ludox mother solution is dehydrated
Point, concentration and purification, prepare concentration be 10wt%-30wt% Ludox, wherein silicon dioxide particle diameter 1-100nm it
Between.
(3) under room temperature, carboxymethyl cellulose is added into deionized water, is stirred to being completely dissolved under nitrogen protection;
(4) superfine silica sol solution and ferrocene are sequentially added, sol liquid is formed;
(5) NIPA monomer is subsequently adding, under nitrogen atmosphere, temperature is heated to 20-50 DEG C, is stirred molten
Solution 5-30min;
(6) when temperature constant, pH value is adjusted to after 8-11 with sodium hydroxide aqueous slkali, sequentially adds initiator persulfuric acid
The aqueous solution of potassium and anhydrous sodium sulfite, the aqueous solution of cross-linking agent N,N methylene bis acrylamide, accelerate stirring so as to be crosslinked
Polymerization, fully reacts, after insulation reaction 3h-11h, is cooled to room temperature, obtains organic-inorganic compoiste polymer gel;
(7) gel is configured to into the aqueous solution that concentration is 2wt%-10wt%, precipitate and separate is carried out to polymer with acetone
Afterwards, it is dried in vacuum drying oven, baking temperature is 50-80 DEG C, is obtained with cancellated macromolecule organic composite
Liquid-state mulch film.
Parent of the described superfine silica sol for nano silicon, its preparation method is:Sodium silicate dilution is dissolved in into water
Afterwards, ultrasonic vibration 10-20min mix homogeneously, forms concentration for 5wt%~40wt% water glass solutions;By highly acidic cation
Exchanger resin and strong-base anion-exchange resin by volume 1:2~1:3 are mixed to get compound exchanger resin;Waterglass is molten
Liquid and compound exchanger resin by weight 20:1~40:1 is thoroughly mixed, and removes impurity, obtains the silicate solution of pretreatment;
Add aqueous slkali in silicate solution, regulation pH value is 9-10, after 70-85 DEG C of reacting by heating 1-3 hour of normal press control silicon
Colloidal sol mother solution;Ludox mother solution carries out dehydration point, concentration purification, prepares the Ludox that concentration is 10-30wt%, wherein
Silicon dioxide particle diameter is between 1-100nm.
Preferably, the superfine silica sol replaces with nano silicon.
Preferably, parts by weight shared by described superfine silica sol are 35, and thickness of silica gel is 20wt%.
Preferably, parts by weight shared by carboxymethyl cellulose are 75.
After the dissolving of this product dilute with water, uniformly it is sprayed on soil with agricultural spray equipment.
Beneficial effect:
The present invention has superior water absorption according to carboxymethyl cellulose, by super absorbent resin alicyclic monomer N- isopropyl acrylamides
There is polymerization, crosslinking, grafting in amine, form network structure so that hydrone is easy to be contacted with netted chain, permeates networking in being introduced into chain
Gap, forms gelling material and is stored up, by inorganic nano SiO2Cladding carboxymethyl cellulose macromolecule compound action mechanism, leads to
Hydroxyl that surface is rich in is crossed by physical absorption and chemisorbed large quantity of moisture, water-absorbing-retaining performance and repetition is not only increased
Water absorbing properties, further improve the performance of hydroscopic high-molecular resin salt tolerance difference, and the degree of cross linking between polymer molecule can form netted
Structure, while intermolecular have various ionic groups, can produce stronger water affinity, can firmly pin moisture, by which
It is rigidly fastened within network structure, formation can slowly discharge the gelling material of moisture.
The liquid-state mulch film of the present invention easily forms colloid with water, can link up soil particle, connect into giant grid, will
Sandy soil without structure disperses, connect into the resilient liptinite of tool, and shape film property is good, the mulch film that intensity is good, reticular membrane one
Aspect can close soil surface hole, intercept soil moisture volatilization, on the other hand but do not hinder the infiltration of moisture, play good
Water conservation, soil moisture conservation, sand fixation, be effectively improved desert, the performance of arid soil.Meanwhile, photodegradation initiator ferrocene plus
It is CO to enter to promote mulch film to promote light degradation in certain use time2And H2O etc., year degradation rate 10wt%-30wt%, to soil
There is no any pollution in ground.
The present invention liquid-state mulch film under normal temperature state can proportioning complete, other warming-up devices need not be increased.Which has
Stablize excellent water-absorbing-retaining performance, there is good salt tolerance again, can quickly improve the soil of desert, salt-soda soil, arid lands
Earth performance, can be effectively used for sand control and sand stabilization, and economic results in society are huge.
Liquid-state mulch film of the present invention is used on desert, after dust storm is covered, Second Year also needs to use liquid-state mulch film, formed
After the film of multilamellar vegetation desert, multilamellar sandy land model will be formed, as shown in figure 1, greatly changing the water conservation storage of sandy land
Aqueouss energy, so as to sandy land is gradually changed over for vegetation soil.
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described, but is not meant to the scope of the present invention
Limit.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is multilamellar vegetation desert membrane modle.
Fig. 2-(a) and Fig. 2-(b) is respectively desert dust and liquid-state mulch film is not used and the contrast electricity after liquid-state mulch film is used
Mirror photo.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Prepare superfine silica sol:Sodium silicate dilution is dissolved in after water, ultrasonic vibration 20min mix homogeneously, forming concentration is
The water glass solution of 30wt%;By storng-acid cation exchange resin and strong-base anion-exchange resin by volume 1:2 mix
Conjunction obtains composite resin;By water glass solution and compound exchanger resin by weight 20:1 is thoroughly mixed, and removes impurity, obtains
To the silicate solution of pretreatment;Aqueous slkali is added in silicate solution, it is that 9.5, normal press control, 70 DEG C of heating are anti-to adjust pH value
Ludox mother solution is obtained after answering 2 hours;Ludox mother solution carries out dehydration point, concentration purification, prepares concentration for 20wt%'s
Ludox, wherein silicon dioxide particle diameter is between 1-100nm.
Under room temperature, by 4g carboxymethyl celluloses add deionized water, stirred to being completely dissolved under nitrogen protection, successively plus
Enter 2g concentration for 20wt% superfine silica sols solution and 0.02g ferrocene, formation sol liquid;It is subsequently adding 3gN- isopropyls third
Acrylamide monomer, under nitrogen atmosphere, temperature is heated to 30 DEG C, stirring and dissolving about 25min;PH value is adjusted to into 9 with NaOH solution,
Sequentially add potassium peroxydisulfate containing 0.04g and 0.04g anhydrous sodium sulfite aqueous solutions, the N of cross-linking agent containing 0.03g, N- di-2-ethylhexylphosphine oxides third
Acrylamide aqueous solution, accelerates stirring, after insulation reaction 3h, is cooled to room temperature, obtains gel;Gel is configured to concentration is
The aqueous solution of 5wt%, is carried out to polymer after precipitate and separate with acetone, is dried in vacuum drying oven, baking temperature 60
DEG C, obtain super strength water absorbent of the present invention.
Embodiment 2
Under room temperature, by 3g carboxymethyl celluloses add deionized water, stirred to being completely dissolved under nitrogen protection, successively plus
Enter 1.5g concentration for 20wt% superfine silica sols solution and 0.05g ferrocene, formation sol liquid;It is subsequently adding 2gN- isopropyls
Acrylamide monomer, under nitrogen atmosphere, temperature is heated to 40 DEG C, stirring and dissolving about 25min;PH value is adjusted to NaOH solution
8.5, sequentially add potassium peroxydisulfate containing 0.05g and 0.05g anhydrous sodium sulfite aqueous solutions, the N of cross-linking agent containing 0.02g, N- methylene
Bisacrylamide aqueous solution, accelerates stirring, after insulation reaction 3.5h, is cooled to room temperature, obtains gel;Gel is configured to into concentration
For the aqueous solution of 5wt%, polymer is carried out after precipitate and separate with acetone, be dried in vacuum drying oven, baking temperature
60 DEG C, obtain super strength water absorbent of the present invention.
Embodiment 3
Under room temperature, 10g carboxymethyl celluloses are added into deionized water, is stirred under nitrogen protection to being completely dissolved, successively
Add 4g concentration to be 20wt% superfine silica sols solution and 0.1g ferrocene, form sol liquid;It is subsequently adding 6gN- isopropyls
Acrylamide monomer, under nitrogen atmosphere, temperature is heated to 30 DEG C, stirring and dissolving about 30min;PH value is adjusted to NaOH solution
9.5, sequentially add potassium peroxydisulfate containing 0.05g and 0.05g anhydrous sodium sulfite aqueous solutions, the N of cross-linking agent containing 0.06g, N- methylene
Bisacrylamide aqueous solution, accelerates stirring, after insulation reaction 3h, is cooled to room temperature, obtains gel;Gel is configured to concentration is
The aqueous solution of 5wt%, is carried out to polymer after precipitate and separate with acetone, is dried in vacuum drying oven, baking temperature 60
DEG C, obtain super strength water absorbent of the present invention.
As shown in Fig. 2-(a) and Fig. 2-(b), it is that desert dust is not used liquid-state mulch film and uses the contrast after liquid-state mulch film
Electromicroscopic photograph, after liquid-state mulch film, liquid-state mulch film forms tacky film with desert dust gluing.
The liquid-state mulch film that the present invention is prepared easily forms colloid with water, can link up soil particle, connect into huge
Type network, by the sandy soil without structure disperses, connects into the resilient liptinite of tool, and it is netted that shape film property is good, intensity is good
On the one hand film, reticular membrane can close soil surface hole, intercept soil moisture volatilization, on the other hand but do not hinder oozing for moisture
Enter, play good water conservation, soil moisture conservation, sand fixation, be effectively improved desert, the performance of arid soil.
On desert, use the liquid-state mulch film, liquid-state mulch film to combine to form one layer of vegetation desert film with sandy soil;When dust storm covers
Gai Hou, Second Year reuse liquid-state mulch film, form one layer of vegetation desert film again, can form sandy soil layer and vegetation desert afterwards for many years
The multilayered model that film is separated by, as shown in figure 1, be from top to bottom from growing plant, vegetation desert film, sandy soil layer (dust storm cover after
Surface layer of desert), former vegetation desert film (being cured as artificial hardening layer), sandy soil layer and the artificial board through multi-fold is presented herein below
Knot layer.The water conservation water storage performance of sandy land is so greatly changed, vegetation can be used for so as to sandy land is gradually changed over
Soil.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of water-retaining sand-stabilizing liquid-state mulch film, its raw material composition are as follows by weight:
Wherein, parent of the superfine silica sol for nano silicon, its preparation method is:Sodium silicate dilution is dissolved in into water
Afterwards, ultrasonic vibration 10-20min mix homogeneously, forms water glass solution;By it is storng-acid cation exchange resin and strong basicity cloudy from
Sub-exchange resin by volume 1:2~1:3 are mixed to get composite resin;By water glass solution with compound exchanger resin by weight
20:1~40:1 is thoroughly mixed, and removes impurity, obtains the silicate solution of pretreatment;Add in amount of activated silicate solution
Aqueous slkali, regulation pH value is 9-10, after 70-85 DEG C of reacting by heating 1-3 hour of normal press control Ludox mother solution;Ludox is female
Liquid carries out dehydration point, concentration purification, prepares the Ludox that concentration is 10wt%-30wt%, wherein silicon dioxide particle diameter
Between 1-100nm.
2. water-retaining sand-stabilizing liquid-state mulch film according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The superfine silica sol replaces with nanometer
Silicon dioxide.
3. water-retaining sand-stabilizing liquid-state mulch film according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Weight portion shared by the superfine silica sol
Number is 35-40, and thickness of silica gel is 20wt%.
4. water-retaining sand-stabilizing liquid-state mulch film according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Weight portion shared by the superfine silica sol
Number is 35.
5. the water-retaining sand-stabilizing liquid-state mulch film according to any one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that:Carboxymethyl cellulose institute
Parts by weight are accounted for for 70-90.
6. the water-retaining sand-stabilizing liquid-state mulch film according to any one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that:The cross-linking agent is N,
N- methylene-bisacrylamides.
7. the water-retaining sand-stabilizing liquid-state mulch film according to any one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that:The initiator was
Potassium sulfate and anhydrous sodium sulfite, the two mass ratio are 1:1.
8. a kind of preparation method of water-retaining sand-stabilizing liquid-state mulch film as claimed in claim 1, comprises the steps:
(1) as described in claim 1, composition and proportioning are got the raw materials ready;
(2) prepare superfine silica sol:Sodium silicate dilution is dissolved in after water, ultrasonic vibration 10-20min mix homogeneously forms water glass
Glass solution;By storng-acid cation exchange resin and strong-base anion-exchange resin by volume 1:2~1:3 are mixed to get again
Resin;By water glass solution and compound exchanger resin by weight 20:1~40:1 is thoroughly mixed, and removes impurity, obtains
The silicate solution of pretreatment;Aqueous slkali is added in amount of activated silicate solution, regulation pH value is 9-10, normal press control 70-
Ludox mother solution is obtained after 85 DEG C of reacting by heating 1-3 hours;Ludox mother solution carries out dehydration point, concentration purification, prepares dense
The Ludox for 10wt%-30wt% is spent, wherein silicon dioxide particle diameter is between 1-100nm;
(3) under room temperature, carboxymethyl cellulose is added into deionized water, is stirred to being completely dissolved under nitrogen protection;
(4) superfine silica sol solution and ferrocene are sequentially added, sol liquid is formed;
(5) NIPA monomer is subsequently adding, under nitrogen atmosphere, temperature is heated to 20-50 DEG C, stirring and dissolving 5-
30min;
(6) when temperature constant, pH value is adjusted to after 8-11 with sodium hydroxide aqueous slkali, sequentially add initiator potassium persulfate and
Anhydrous sodium sulfite aqueous solution, cross-linking agent N,N methylene bis acrylamide aqueous solution, accelerate stirring so as to which cross-linked polymeric is abundant
Reaction, after insulation reaction 3h-11h, is cooled to room temperature, obtains organic-inorganic compoiste polymer gel;
(7) gel is configured to into the aqueous solution that concentration is 2%-10%, polymer is carried out after precipitate and separate, in vacuum with acetone
It is dried in drying baker, 50-80 DEG C of baking temperature obtains product.
9. the preparation method of water-retaining sand-stabilizing liquid-state mulch film according to claim 8, it is characterised in that:The superfine silica sol
Replace with nano silicon.
10. the preparation method of water-retaining sand-stabilizing liquid-state mulch film according to claim 8, it is characterised in that:The ultra-fine silicon is molten
Parts by weight shared by glue are 35, and thickness of silica gel is 20%;Parts by weight shared by the carboxymethyl cellulose are 75.
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