CN113560129A - 一种锂电池基材涂布系统及方法 - Google Patents

一种锂电池基材涂布系统及方法 Download PDF

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CN113560129A
CN113560129A CN202110640670.XA CN202110640670A CN113560129A CN 113560129 A CN113560129 A CN 113560129A CN 202110640670 A CN202110640670 A CN 202110640670A CN 113560129 A CN113560129 A CN 113560129A
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张卫龙
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种锂电池基材涂布系统及方法，系统包括依次设置的基材放卷机构、除铁机构、除杂除静电机构、挤压涂布机构、极片烘烤机构、除皱展平机构和收卷机构。与现有技术相比，本发明可以提高涂布质量，有效地改善静电引起的不良、剔除来料基材不良，保证基材表面干净度，提高极片一致性和安全性，可以解决脱碳、掉粉、脱碳带来的问题。

Description

一种锂电池基材涂布系统及方法
技术领域
本发明涉及电池生产技术领域，具体涉及一种锂电池基材涂布系统及方法。
背景技术
在锂电池涂布工序中，涂布工序非常关键，涂布的效果对电池容量、内阻、循环寿命以及安全性有重要影响，需保证极片均匀涂布。涂布方式的选择和控制参数对锂离子电池性能的有重要影响，若涂布时干燥温度过低，则不能保证极片完全干燥，若温度过高，则可能因为极片内部的有机溶剂蒸发太快，极片表面涂层出现龟裂、脱落等现象；若涂布面密度太小，则电池容量可能达不到标称容量，若涂布面密度太大，则容易造成配料浪费，严重时如果出现正极容量过量，由于锂的析出形成锂枝晶刺穿电池隔膜发生短路，引发安全隐患；涂布尺寸过小或者过大可能导致电池内部正极不能完全被负极包住，在充电过程中，锂离子从正极嵌出来，移动到没有被负极完全包住的电解液中，正极实际容量不能高效发挥，严重的时候，在电池内部会形成锂枝晶，容易刺穿隔膜导致电池内部电路。
现有技术中，涂布工序经常会遇到以下问题：涂布出现斑点、凸点等；涂布出现裂纹、掉粉、脱碳等现象导致极片报废、电池性能差、电池安全问题等，其中裂纹、掉粉、脱碳带来的不良约占2％～15％。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服上述现有技术存在的缺陷而提供一种锂电池基材涂布系统及方法。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现：一种锂电池基材涂布系统，包括依次设置的基材放卷机构、除铁机构、除杂除静电机构、挤压涂布机构、极片烘烤机构、除皱展平机构和收卷机构。
优选地，所述的除铁机构设有除磁棒，所述的挤压涂布机构包括双腔挤压涂布头和喷胶头。除铁机构主要由上下除磁棒对基材表面的铁屑进行消除，防止铁屑刺穿基材或混入涂布浆料中对电池产生质量、安全问题。
优选地，所述的基材放卷机构和除铁机构之间依次设置有第一接带机构和基材测厚机构。基材放卷机构主要作用是为整个设备提供基材放卷，第一接带机构可方便快捷接带，通过简单机构实现基材接带。基材测厚机构主要检测来料基材厚度，防止因基材原因导致涂布不良而引起的浪费或质量问题。
优选地，所述的除皱展平机构和收卷机构依次设置有测重机构和第二接带机构。除皱展平机构主要作用是对涂布后的极片进行除皱展平，防止打皱引起的不良，打皱主要产生原因是涂布区和基材区域形成厚度差，在高速运转情况下与过辊产生摩擦力不同造成打皱。测重机构主要作用是对涂布后的极片进行重量测试，为整个涂布质量进行把控。第二接带机构主要作用是换卷时极片接带或断带时使用。收卷机构主要作用是对涂布后的极片进行收卷，为下一道工序或双面涂布做准备。
优选地，所述的极片烘烤机构包括极片溶剂蒸发部和光学加热部。其中，极片溶剂蒸发部的主要作用是将涂覆在基材表面浆料中的溶剂蒸发至工艺需求，此处需注意控制风速、风压、温度等；极片上如使用光敏胶类的胶则光学加热部采用UV灯照射等光学加热方式将其挥发，如采用PVDF类的胶则光学加热部采用IR灯照射等方式对其进行加热挥发。
一种锂电池基材涂布方法，使用上述系统。
优选地，该方法包括以下步骤：
S1：由基材放卷机构提供基材放卷，除铁机构通过除磁棒对基材表面铁屑进行消除；
S2：除杂除静电机构采用等离子体对基材表面进行清洗；
S3：使用挤压涂布机构对极片进行双面涂布，双腔挤压涂布头下腔体对基材表面进行底层涂胶，使用双腔挤压涂布头上腔体对涂胶后的基材进行浆料和陶瓷涂覆，使用喷胶头进行表层喷胶；
S4：极片烘烤机构中的极片溶剂蒸发部将涂覆在基材表面浆料中的溶剂蒸发，光学加热部对基材表层的胶进行光学加热挥发；
S5：除皱展平机构对涂布后的极片进行除皱展平，收卷机构对涂布后的极片进行收卷。
粉尘或长度较大的毛絮物等异物混入涂布液中或落到湿涂层表面，该处涂层表面张力因受外力影响导致分子间作用力发生改变，浆料发生轻度转移，经烘干后形成圆形痕迹，中间偏薄，常规方法对放卷后的基材进行“基材清洗”，基材表面能低，粘结性差，在涂布时很难形成均匀表面，经过本发明除杂除静电机构等离子清洗工艺后，基材表面能提高，表面性能持久稳定，该方式是采用干式处理方式，无污染、不会产生废水，符合环境要求，更有效提高涂布效率、速度，同时优化了原因涂布造成的油污等不良，降低了断带频率；涂布时基材表面产生静电，会吸附灰尘、空气杂质等，引起的涂布缺陷，本除杂除静电机构可以有效消除静电。
因基材(箔材)分为光面和毛面，光面的附着力小且浆料在其表面的流动性更大，会影响涂布的均匀性，通过基材两面的底胶涂覆，不仅可以增加浆料的附着力，同时可以增强涂布的均匀性。
进一步优选地，底层涂胶所使用的胶与浆料中的胶一致，得到底胶层，表层喷胶所使用的胶包括光敏胶，得到覆胶层。
更进一步优选地，陶瓷涂层位于浆料涂层两侧，底胶层和覆胶层两侧各超出陶瓷涂层0.5～1mm；
所述的底胶层厚度为2～4.5μm，覆胶层厚度为1～4μm。
底胶层和覆胶层两侧超出陶瓷涂层的设计，可防止边缘掉粉以及因流动造成的锯齿边。
陶瓷涂层设置在浆料涂层两侧，可防止浆料涂层出现鼓边等现象。优选地，陶瓷涂层在浆料涂层每侧宽度为2～5mm。
优选地，所述的步骤S4中，光学加热温度为150～200℃。光敏胶经此光学加热可以挥发。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点：
1.本发明通过除铁机构、除杂除静电机构、挤压涂布机构的依次设置，可除去基材表面的铁屑、粉尘、毛絮物等杂质，保证后续挤压涂布机构的涂布质量，防止涂布出现斑点、凸点等问题；
2.本发明通过挤压涂布机构的双腔挤压涂布头和喷胶头设置，双腔挤压涂布头分别对基材进行底层涂胶和浆料、陶瓷涂覆，再由喷胶头进行表层喷胶，底层涂胶可增强浆料、陶瓷的附着力，并提高涂覆均匀性，表层喷胶可对浆料、陶瓷涂层进行保护，防止后续极片烘烤过程中浆料、陶瓷涂层开裂、掉粉，避免极片报废、电池性能差等问题，提高电池安全性能；
3.本发明底层涂胶所使用的胶与浆料中的胶一致，在极片溶剂挥发部进行溶剂挥发过程中可部分融入浆料涂层内以增加其粘结力，表层喷胶所使用的胶为光敏胶，在极片溶剂挥发部少量挥发，对浆料、陶瓷涂层进行保护，在光学加热部中加热挥发，不影响极片性能；
4.本发明通过对基材双面设置底胶层和覆胶层，可提高浆料涂布的均匀性和稳定性；
5.本发明可以提高涂布质量，有效地改善静电引起的不良、剔除来料基材不良，保证基材表面干净度，提高极片一致性和安全性，可以解决脱碳、掉粉、脱碳带来的问题。
6.本发明在涂布前对箔材待涂布层(即箔材光面)进行喷胶，其一是增强器粘结强度，其二是防止脱碳、掉粉，对涂布后的极片表面进行覆胶，其主要原因是在实际生产过程中箔材表面的张力和浆料在极片表面形成的张力是不可控的，受到浆料、设备的步伐多方面影响，而覆胶的主要作用就是将极片表面连接在一起形成一个整体且张力均匀的表面，可以有效解决带来的不良影响。
附图说明
图1为本发明极片双面涂布示意图；
图2为传统极片单面涂布示意图；
图3为传统极片双面涂布示意图；
图4为常规方法涂布的极片的粘结力测试示意图；
图5为本发明方法涂布的极片的粘结力测试示意图；
图中：1-基材，2-底胶层，3-浆料涂层，4-陶瓷涂层，5-覆胶层，6-涂层，7-箔材，8-胶层，9-夹具，10-夹头。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施，给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程，但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。
实施例1
一种锂电池基材涂布系统，包括依次设置的基材放卷机构、第一接带机构、基材测厚机构、除铁机构、除杂除静电机构、挤压涂布机构、极片烘烤机构、除皱展平机构、测重机构、第二接带机构、收卷机构。
一种使用上述系统进行锂电池基材涂布的方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)基材放卷机构为整个系统提供基材放卷；
(2)第一接带机构可方便快捷接带，通过简单机构实现基材接带；
(3)基材测厚机构可检测来料基材厚度，防止因为基材原因导致涂布不良而引起的浪费或质量问题；
(4)除铁机构设有除磁棒由上下除磁棒对基材表面的铁屑进行消除，防止铁屑刺穿基材或混入涂布浆料中对电池产生质量、安全问题；
(5)除杂除静电机构采用等离子体对基材表面进行清洗；
(6)挤压涂布机构包括双腔挤压涂布头和喷胶头，用于依次对基材表面进行双面底层涂胶、涂覆浆料和陶瓷、表层喷胶；
(7)极片烘烤机构包括依次设置的极片溶剂蒸发部和光学加热部，极片蒸发部将涂覆在基材表面浆料中的溶剂蒸发至工艺需求，光学加热部将表层覆胶进行光学加热挥发；
(8)除皱展平机构对涂布后的极片进行除皱展平，防止打皱引起的不良；
(9)测重机构对涂布后的极片进行重量测试，为整个涂布质量进行把控；
(10)第二接带机构在换卷时极片接带或断带时使用；
(11)收卷机构对涂布后的极片进行收卷，为下一道工序或双面涂布做准备。
实施例2
一种锂电池基材涂布方法，经步骤(6)得到的基材结构如图1所示，其中，基材1的上下两面均通过底层涂胶得到厚度为2～4.5μm的底胶层2，通过涂覆浆料和陶瓷得到浆料涂层3和位于其左右两侧的陶瓷涂层4，每侧陶瓷涂层4宽度为2～5mm，在浆料涂层3和陶瓷涂层4表面喷涂有1～4μm的覆胶层5，底胶层2和覆胶层5两侧各超出陶瓷涂层4外边缘0.5～1mm(覆胶层5覆盖陶瓷涂层4边缘并向陶瓷涂层4两侧延伸，图上未示出)，可防止边缘掉粉以及因流动造成的锯齿边，其余与实施例1相同。
传统极片单面涂布和双面涂布示意图如图2～3所示，本发明涂布方法与传统方法相比，通过在基材双面设置底胶层和覆胶层，可提高浆料涂布的均匀性和稳定性。
常规涂布方法导致极片掉粉、开裂现象严重，粘结力小，而本发明方法涂布后的极片粘结力较大，如下表所示(以同一型号进行对比)：
1)测试条件
测试条件 测试参数
剥离宽度/mm 15
剥离速度/(mm/min) 10
剥离距离/mm ≥50
剥离角度/° 180
剥离方式 A
2)测试方法
如图4～5所示，其中，6为涂层，7为箔材，8为胶层，9为夹具，10为夹头，a＝50mm，b＝20mm。
3)测试结果
序号 类型 取样宽度(mm) 取样长度(mm) 粘结力N/m
1 常规 15 200 12.03
2 常规 15 200 9.98
3 常规 15 200 11.6
4 本发明 15 200 16.42
5 本发明 15 200 15.38
6 本发明 15 200 16.04
实施例3
一种锂电池基材涂布方法，步骤(6)底层涂胶所使用的胶与浆料中的胶一致，表层喷胶所使用的胶为光敏胶，步骤(7)光学加热挥发温度为150～200℃，其余与实施例2相同。
以利用本发明方法制备得到的5Ah电芯为例进行性能测试，其数据如下表所示：
Figure BDA0003107498870000061
Figure BDA0003107498870000071
上述的对实施例的描述是为便于该技术领域的普通技术人员能理解和使用发明。熟悉本领域技术的人员显然可以容易地对这些实施例做出各种修改，并把在此说明的一般原理应用到其他实施例中而不必经过创造性的劳动。因此，本发明不限于上述实施例，本领域技术人员根据本发明的揭示，不脱离本发明范畴所做出的改进和修改都应该在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种锂电池基材涂布系统，其特征在于，包括依次设置的基材放卷机构、除铁机构、除杂除静电机构、挤压涂布机构、极片烘烤机构、除皱展平机构和收卷机构。
2.根据权利要求1所述的锂电池基材涂布系统，其特征在于，所述的除铁机构设有除磁棒，所述的挤压涂布机构包括双腔挤压涂布头和喷胶头。
3.根据权利要求1所述的锂电池基材涂布系统，其特征在于，所述的基材放卷机构和除铁机构之间依次设置有第一接带机构和基材测厚机构。
4.根据权利要求1所述的锂电池基材涂布系统，其特征在于，所述的除皱展平机构和收卷机构依次设置有测重机构和第二接带机构。
5.根据权利要求1所述的锂电池基材涂布系统，其特征在于，所述的极片烘烤机构包括极片溶剂蒸发部和光学加热部。
6.一种锂电池基材涂布方法，其特征在于，使用如权利要求1～5任一项所述的系统。
7.根据权利要求6所述的锂电池基材涂布方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1：由基材放卷机构提供基材放卷，除铁机构通过除磁棒对基材表面铁屑进行消除；
S2：除杂除静电机构采用等离子体对基材表面进行清洗；
S3：使用挤压涂布机构对极片进行双面涂布，双腔挤压涂布头下腔体对基材表面进行底层涂胶，使用双腔挤压涂布头上腔体对涂胶后的基材进行浆料和陶瓷涂覆，使用喷胶头进行表层喷胶；
S4：极片烘烤机构中的极片溶剂蒸发部将涂覆在基材表面浆料中的溶剂蒸发，光学加热部对基材表层的胶进行光学加热挥发；
S5：除皱展平机构对涂布后的极片进行除皱展平，收卷机构对涂布后的极片进行收卷。
8.根据权利要求7所述的锂电池基材涂布方法，其特征在于，所述的步骤S3中，底层涂胶所使用的胶与浆料中的胶一致，得到底胶层，表层喷胶所使用的胶包括光敏胶，得到覆胶层。
9.根据权利要求8所述的锂电池基材涂布方法，其特征在于，所述的步骤S3中，陶瓷涂层位于浆料涂层两侧，底胶层和覆胶层两侧各超出陶瓷涂层0.5～1mm；
所述的底胶层厚度为2～4.5μm，覆胶层厚度为1～4μm。
10.根据权利要求7所述的锂电池基材涂布方法，其特征在于，所述的步骤S4中，光学加热温度为150～200℃。
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