CN113556168B - 一种针对多智能反射面的码分多址传输方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于移动通信技术领域,涉及一种针对多智能反射面的码分多址传输方法。该方案利用智能反射面可变反射系数的特性,为每个反射面配置一个时变的反射系数序列作为扩频码,对多径信号进行扩频,并利用码分多址的原理对不同反射面反射的信号进行标记,从而接收机可根据不同的扩频码对多径信号进行识别,实现多径信号的分离与合并。本发明克服了传统的基于智能反射面的无线通信系统在有多径时延影响下信道容量急剧恶化的问题,并且具有较高的信道估计精度,具备更高的实用性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于移动通信技术领域,具体涉及一种针对多智能反射面的码分多址传输方法。
背景技术
IRS(Intelligent Reflecting Surface,智能反射表面)以可对无线电传播环境进行动态配置的特性,在数据传输、网络资源优化、定位等方面有着广泛的应用前景,是新一代无线通信系统的热点研究对象。具体而言,IRS由可对入射电磁波的幅度、相位、甚至极化方式进行实时调整的反射单元组成,通过在平面上集成大量低成本的反射单元,智能化地重构无线传播环境。由于材料的二维特性,IRS可灵活地安装于墙体、地面、天花板等建筑物表面,并与现有无线通信系统良好兼容。尽管IRS具备如此优良的特性,部署多块IRS辅助进行数据传输时,来自不同IRS的信号往往具有不同的时延,带来码间干扰的问题,从而影响通信质量;同时,在信道估计以及定位等场景下,也需对多径信号的时延等信息进行区分和提取。当前IRS的研究工作尚主要着眼于单个IRS的通信性能,以及对IRS系数的优化,缺乏针对上述问题的研究。
传统的多径分离方案常采用基于扩频的码分多址技术,利用扩频码字的自相关特性,通过滑动相关分离出多径,并进一步可以通过延时加权相加以合并多径信号。然而上述传统方案不能直接应用于多个IRS的通信系统,若发射机发送一个扩频信号,接收机虽然可以分离出多径,但无法将多径信号与多个IRS进行匹配,限制了其在信道估计以及定位等场景中的应用。
发明内容
IRS可时变的反射系数为解决上述问题提供了可能:利用码分多址的思想,为每个IRS配置不同的时变反射系数序列作为扩频码,则用户可以利用接收信号与某一个IRS的扩频码进行滑动相关运算,即可在分离出多径信号的同时区分不同的IRS。本发明利用IRS可变反射系数的能力,对来自不同IRS的信号进行分离与合并。
为更好地对本发明进行说明,先介绍本发明技术方案所用到的术语和系统结构。
BS:Base Station,基站。
CDMA:Code Division Multiple Access,码分多址。
CRLB:Cramér–Rao Lower Bound,克拉美罗下界。
DFT:Discrete Fourier Transform,离散傅里叶变换。
IRS:Intelligent Reflecting Surface,智能反射面,可以根据不同的偏置电压动态地改变自身电磁特性,从而优化无线信号的幅度、相位甚至极化方式。
MIRS-CDMA:Multiple Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces Assisted IndoorPositioning,多智能反射面辅助的码分多址。
MSE:Mean Squared Error,均方误差。
SNR:Signal-to-Noise Ratio,信噪比。
UE:User-End,用户端。
图1所示为本发明MIRS-CDMA系统示意图:
在MIRS-CDMA系统中,假定基站与用户天线数均为1,IRS单元数以及IRS的个数分别为N和K,每个IRS具有一个如下的时变反射系数向量对自身进行标识:
考虑基站发射信号为
其中sm为数字调制符号,Ts=GTc为符号长度,由此可知发射信号经过IRS反射后,频谱扩大为原来的G倍,因此G也被称作扩频增益。
本发明假设独立平坦的瑞利衰落信道,并用H0、和分别表示BS-UE、BS-IRSk以及IRSk-UE的信道,其中hk与gk中的每个元素独立同分布于以及不失一般性地,假设BS与IRS同步,并设BS-UE链路的信号到达时刻为t0,由第k个IRS的第l个单元反射的信号(相对于BS-UE链路)时延为τkl。则t时刻用户的接收信号可表示为
本发明采用的技术方案为:
一种针对多智能反射面的码分多址传输方法,包括天线数为1的发送端Tx与接收端Rx,M个单元数为N的智能反射面IRS,用H0、和分别表示Tx-RX、Tx-IRSk以及IRSk-Rx的信道系数,传输方法包括:
发送端:
S1、发射基带信号为
其中sm为数字调制符号,Ts为符号长度;Π(t)为矩形脉冲函数,定义为
智能反射面:
S3、每个IRS设置一个如下的时变反射系数向量对自身进行标识:
Tx与IRS同步,并令Tx-RX链路的信号到达时刻为t0,由第k个IRS的第l个单元反射的信号相对于Tx-RX链路时延为τkl,因此经过IRS反射后,t时刻到达收端的信号r(t)为
接收端:
S4、采用相关检测法对多径信号进行识别,令最大多径时延不超过训练符号长度Tp,并令s=1,发送起始时刻为0,因此[t0,t0+Tp]时间区间内的接收信号简化为
S41、对于TX-RX链路,用接收信号的样本均值作为H0的估计,即
其中argmax返回前N个局部最大值点;
S5、计算各支路加权系数,并对采样输出进行延时加权合并,具体为:
S51、计算各支路加权系数,在最大比合并中,加权系数正比于信号幅度,反比于干扰加噪声的功率,令TX-RX与TX-IRSkl-RX链路的加权系数为α0与αkl,对于多径时延趋于0的场景,有
类似地,对于不同IRS之间的相对多径时延超过一个符号长度Ts的场景,加权系数为
S52、获得各支路的采样输出,对于第m个传输符号sm,令其起始时刻为tm,则TX-RX与TX-IRSkl-RX链路的采样输出分别为
与
S53、合并输出结果为
收端对合并输出后的信号进行最大似然判决,即可恢复出原始数据。
本发明的有益效果为:
本发明提出了一种针对多智能反射面的码分多址传输方案。该方案利用智能反射面可变反射系数的特性,为每个反射面配置一个时变的反射系数序列作为扩频码,对多径信号进行扩频,并利用码分多址的原理对不同反射面反射的信号进行标记,从而接收机可根据不同的扩频码对多径信号进行识别,实现多径信号的分离与合并。本发明克服了传统的基于智能反射面的无线通信系统在有多径时延影响下信道容量急剧恶化的问题,并且具有较高的信道估计精度,具备更高的实用性。
附图说明
图1:本发明提出的智能反射面码分多址系统示意图;
图2:多径时延趋于零时的信道估计精度。
图3:多径时延不为零时的信道估计精度。
图4:多径时延趋于零时的遍历信道容量。
图5:多径时延大于一个符号长度时的遍历信道容量。
具体实施方式
在发明内容部分已经对本发明的技术方案进行了详细描述,下面结合附图和仿真示例说明本发明的实用性。
图2给出了多径时延趋于零时所提方案的MSE随SNR的性能曲线,其中2(a)与采用DFT序列的系统性能进行了比较,仿真参数配置为N=64和K=4;2(b)比较了K=2和4,N=256情况下列的系统性能;图中的符号ε表示对应的CRLB。从图2(a)中可以看出,采用ZC序列的系统具有平台效应,而DFT序列的性能接近于CRLB。这是由于ZC序列不满足零均值和零互相关特性,因此存在多径干扰;尽管DFT序列满足上述性质,然而其自相关函数并不是狄拉克δ函数,因此无法应用于存在多径时延的场景。同时,图2(a)的结果表明,系统的MSE性能在低SNR下靠近CRLB,在高SNR下靠近渐近线。此外,结合图2(a)和2(b)可知,当采用不完美的扩频信号时,增加反射面单元数或反射面块数会提高估计误差。
图3给出了存在多径时延场景时,所提信道估计方法在N=64和K=2条件下,经过标准化之后的理论性能界,其中图3(b)将降低为-40dB。同时,由于DFT序列不再适用,图3只给出了ZC序列的仿真。从图中可以看出,本发明所提的估计方法在高信噪比下具有良好的估计精度(略大于或小于10%)。此外,随着链路平均功率的降低,对信道估计精度也会相应降低。
图4给出了多径时延为0时的遍历信道容量曲线,并与不采用CDMA的系统性能进行对比,其中参数设置为N=64和K=4,图4(a)中扩频增益设置为839,图4(b)中设置为127。图4的结果表明,本发明所提方案的信道容量有明显的提升,且采用ZC序列作为扩频码的系统性能与理想扩频码非常接近。
图5给出了多径时延超过一个符号长度时的遍历信道容量曲线,参数配置与图4一致,并与K=2的情况进行比较。图5的结果表明,遍历容量随着SNR的提升而增加,但是增长速率逐渐降低,这是由于ZC序列不完美的均值和相关特性导致的多径残余干扰。同时,若不采用CDMA,多径干扰将严重影响系统传输性能,使得容量接近于0。
可见,本发明提出的智能反射面码分多址方案具有较高的信道估计精度,并且克服了传统的基于IRS的无线通信系统在有多径时延影响下信道容量急剧恶化的问题,具备更高的实用性。
Claims (1)
1.一种针对多智能反射面的码分多址传输方法,包括天线数为1的发送端Tx与接收端Rx,M个单元数为N的智能反射面IRS,用H0、和分别表示Tx-RX、Tx-IRSk以及IRSk-Rx的信道系数,其特征在于,所述传输方法包括:
发送端:
S1、发射基带信号为
其中sm为数字调制符号,Ts为符号长度;Π(t)为矩形脉冲函数,定义为
S3、每个IRS设置一个如下的时变反射系数向量对自身进行标识:
Tx与IRS同步,并令Tx-RX链路的信号到达时刻为t0,由第k个IRS的第l个单元反射的信号相对于Tx-RX链路时延为τkl,因此经过IRS反射后,t时刻到达接收端的信号r(t)为
接收端:
S4、采用相关检测法对多径信号进行识别,令最大多径时延不超过训练符号长度Tp,并令s=1,发送起始时刻为0,因此[t0,t0+Tp]时间区间内的接收信号简化为
S41、对于TX-RX链路,用接收信号的样本均值作为H0的估计,即
其中argmax返回前N个局部最大值点;
S5、计算各支路加权系数,并对采样输出进行延时加权合并,具体为:
S51、计算各支路加权系数,在最大比合并中,加权系数正比于信号幅度,反比于干扰加噪声的功率,令TX-RX与TX-IRSkl-RX链路的加权系数为α0与αkl,对于多径时延趋于0的场景,有
同理对于不同IRS之间的相对多径时延超过一个符号长度Ts的场景,加权系数为
S52、获得各支路的采样输出,对于第m个传输符号sm,令其起始时刻为tm,则TX-RX与TX-IRSkl-RX链路的采样输出分别为
与
S53、合并输出结果为
接收端对合并输出后的信号进行最大似然判决,恢复出原始数据。
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