CN113556060B - Enhanced ultra-multi-stable-state broadband vibration energy collecting device - Google Patents
Enhanced ultra-multi-stable-state broadband vibration energy collecting device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113556060B CN113556060B CN202111008672.3A CN202111008672A CN113556060B CN 113556060 B CN113556060 B CN 113556060B CN 202111008672 A CN202111008672 A CN 202111008672A CN 113556060 B CN113556060 B CN 113556060B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
- H02N2/186—Vibration harvesters
- H02N2/188—Vibration harvesters adapted for resonant operation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N1/00—Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
- H02N1/04—Friction generators
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Abstract
The invention discloses an enhanced super-multistable broadband vibration energy collecting device, which comprises a vertical motion module, a power supply module and a power supply module, wherein the vertical motion module reciprocates under the external vertical excitation condition and consists of a cylindrical metal shell and a vertical guide rod arranged in the shell; an upper corrugated pipe and a lower corrugated pipe which are arranged in series are sleeved on the guide rod, the bottom of the upper corrugated pipe is fixed on the lower bottom plate, a mass block is fixed at the top end of the upper corrugated pipe, and a main mass unit provided with an inner ring magnet is positioned at the joint of the upper corrugated pipe and the lower corrugated pipe and forms a pull ring structure together with the mass block; a plurality of outer ring permanent magnets are fixedly arranged on an outer permanent magnet base arranged in the middle of the metal shell, and a multi-stable structure is formed by the inner ring permanent magnets and the outer ring permanent magnets; the friction material in the energy conversion unit is attached to the outer surface of the corrugated tube and used for generating electricity along with contact and separation with the surface of the corrugated tube in the vibration process. The invention can convert the vibration energy under the conditions of low frequency and wide frequency in the environment into electric energy, and particularly supplies power for the wireless sensing device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy collection, in particular to an enhanced ultra-multi-stable-state broadband vibration energy collection device.
Background
The energy collector is a device used for collecting vibration energy in the surrounding environment and converting the vibration energy into electric energy, has the advantages of small volume, high energy density, environmental protection and the like, gets rid of the constraint that the traditional battery needs to be replaced regularly or charged and the like, can realize the target of real-time power supply, and plays an extremely important role in a wireless sensor network.
Vibration energy collectors are mainly classified into piezoelectric type, electromagnetic type, and electrostatic type according to the energy conversion method. The piezoelectric vibration energy collector converts vibration energy into strain energy through a piezoelectric material and further converts the strain energy into electric energy; the electromagnetic vibration energy collector generates induced electromotive force through a magnet cutting coil; the electrostatic vibration energy collector needs to provide an external power supply, and vibrates to change the size of the capacitor to output electric energy; the friction nano-generator technology which is developed in recent years is taken as a subversive technology, and the resultant friction nano-generator can convert mechanical energy into electric energy based on the friction electrification effect and the electrostatic induction, and simultaneously has the advantages of excellent output characteristic and low-frequency response.
The operating frequency of a linearly designed vibration energy harvester is limited to near the resonance point of the structure. When the external frequency is shifted, the output efficiency of the vibration energy collector is reduced sharply, and the vibration energy in the environment has obvious broadband characteristics and is mostly concentrated near the low frequency, so that how to realize efficient vibration energy collection under the low-frequency and broadband conditions is a hot spot which is always focused at present.
The existing bistable broadband vibration energy collector comprises a scheme based on introducing an external magnet, constructing a bending beam structure through pretightening force and constructing a multi-mode structure, and although the scheme can realize broadband response in principle, how to better realize multistable response at low frequency really, namely how to better cross a potential barrier, still remains a problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an enhanced ultra-multistable broadband vibration energy collecting device for avoiding the defects in the prior art, and the broadband output performance of an energy collector under the low-frequency condition is effectively improved.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention:
the enhanced ultra-multistable broadband vibration energy collecting device is characterized in that:
the cylindrical metal shell is formed by an outer permanent magnet base, a lower metal cylinder and an upper metal cylinder which are respectively arranged at two ends of the outer permanent magnet base; an upper bottom plate and a lower bottom plate are respectively arranged at the top end and the bottom end of the metal shell, guide rods are supported by the upper bottom plate and the lower bottom plate in the metal shell to form a vertical motion module which is upward along the axial direction of the guide rods and reciprocates under the external vertical excitation condition;
in the metal shell, an upper corrugated pipe and a lower corrugated pipe which are arranged in series are sleeved on a guide rod, the bottom of the lower corrugated pipe is fixed on a lower bottom plate, an annular mass block is fixed at the top end of the upper corrugated pipe, a main mass unit provided with an inner annular magnet is positioned at the joint of the upper corrugated pipe and the lower corrugated pipe and forms a pull-pull ring structure together with the annular mass block, and in the reciprocating motion process of the vertical motion module, the annular mass block and the main mass unit move cooperatively under the action of the corrugated pipe to continuously transmit mechanical energy to the main mass unit, so that the main mass unit obtains more kinetic energy;
in the metal shell, a plurality of outer ring permanent magnets are fixedly arranged by utilizing an outer permanent magnet base and a clamping ring, the outer ring permanent magnets comprise a first ring magnet, a second ring magnet and a third ring magnet which are positioned at different axial positions, and the inner ring magnet and the outer ring permanent magnets form a bistable structure; the steady state number of the structure is correspondingly increased by increasing the number of the permanent magnets of the outer ring;
and arranging an energy conversion unit which comprises a friction material attached to the outer surfaces of the upper corrugated pipe and the lower corrugated pipe and is used for realizing contact separation type friction power generation along with the contact and separation with the surface of the corrugated pipe in the vibration process.
The enhanced ultra-multistable broadband vibration energy collecting device is also characterized in that: and adjusting the inner and outer diameter conditions of each outer circular ring permanent magnet and each inner circular ring magnet, and adjusting the axial distance between the outer circular ring permanent magnets to realize the configuration of the number and the size of the multistable potential barriers.
The enhanced ultra-multistable broadband vibration energy collecting device is also characterized in that: the friction material layer that two friction electric polarity differences of attached surface of bellows are polytetrafluoroethylene thin layer and silica gel thin layer respectively among the friction material, polytetrafluoroethylene thin layer and silica gel thin layer branch are on the adjacent twice pipe wall of bellows "V" shape set up the copper foil electrode between polytetrafluoroethylene thin layer and silica gel thin layer and the bellows pipe wall that corresponds the position.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the structural arrangement of the invention can realize the conversion of vibration energy under low-frequency and wide-frequency conditions in the environment into electric energy, and effectively improve the wide-frequency output performance of the energy collector under the low-frequency condition.
2. Aiming at the structural arrangement of the invention, the number of stable states of the structure can be correspondingly increased by adjusting the number of the outer circular ring permanent magnets, the number and size configuration of multi-stable potential barriers can be realized by adjusting the inner and outer diameter conditions of the outer circular ring permanent magnets and the inner circular ring permanent magnets and adjusting the axial distance between the outer circular ring permanent magnets, and the broadband response characteristic is greatly improved.
3. The invention adopts a contact separation type friction power generation mode, and can obtain higher power generation efficiency and better low-frequency response effect compared with a piezoelectric sheet mode;
4. according to the invention, two sections of corrugated pipes are connected, and the main mass block can better realize the crossing of a potential barrier by utilizing the cooperative motion of the mass block and the main mass unit, so that the energy conversion efficiency is effectively improved;
5. the corrugated pipe is used as a main body structure, so that the structure is stable, and the durability is good;
6. the invention has excellent coaxiality, can be designed by combining a vehicle damper structure, and can realize self-powered sensing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2a is an enlarged view of a portion of the permanent magnet arrangement of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of an outer permanent magnet assembly according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the main mass structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4a is an exploded view of the main mass structure of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the magnetic dipole analysis of the present invention;
FIGS. 6a, 6b and 6c are schematic diagrams of different multistable configurations of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the ultra-multistable regime of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of an enhanced energy harvesting structure according to the present invention
FIG. 8a is a schematic diagram of the dynamics of an enhanced energy harvesting structure according to the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of an energy conversion unit.
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a triboelectric nano-generator according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an application structure of the present invention;
fig. 11a is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the application shown in fig. 11.
Reference numbers in the figures: 010 lower base plate, 020 upper base plate, 030 lower metal cylinder, 040 upper metal cylinder, 050 annular mass, 060 guide rod, 070 upper bellows, 080 lower bellows, 090 outer permanent magnet base, 091 outer permanent magnet cartridge, 092 first annular magnet, 093 first annular magnet snap ring, 094 second annular magnet, 094a second annular magnet magnetic dipole microelement, 095 second annular magnet snap ring, 096 third annular magnet, 097 annular pressure ring, 100 primary mass unit, 101 inner annular magnet, 101A second small diameter annular magnet, 101B third small diameter annular magnet, 102 stationary ring, 103 mass piece, 104 screw, 110 energy conversion unit, 111 copper foil electrode, 112 polytetrafluoroethylene film layer, 113 silicone film layer, 121 damping piston, 122 damping spring, 123 damper housing.
Detailed Description
The structure form of the enhanced ultra-multistable broadband vibration energy collecting device in the embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a cylindrical metal case is constituted by an outer permanent magnet base 090, and a lower metal cylinder 030 and an upper metal cylinder 040 which are divided at both ends of the outer permanent magnet base 090; the top end and the bottom end of the metal shell are respectively provided with an upper bottom plate 020 and a lower bottom plate 010, a guide rod 060 is supported by the upper bottom plate 020 and the lower bottom plate 010 in the metal shell to form a vertical motion module along the axial direction of the guide rod, and the vertical motion module reciprocates under the external vertical excitation condition, wherein the outer permanent magnet base 090, the lower metal cylinder 030, the upper metal cylinder 040, the upper bottom plate 020, the lower bottom plate 010 and the guide rod 060 are made of aluminum alloy, and the magnetic field distribution is not influenced.
As shown in fig. 2, in the metal housing, an upper bellows 070 and a lower bellows 080 arranged in series are sleeved on a guide rod 060, the bottom of the lower bellows 080 is fixed on a lower bottom plate 010, an annular mass block 050 is fixed at the top end of the upper bellows 070, a primary mass unit 100 provided with an inner annular magnet 101 is located at the joint of the upper bellows 070 and the lower bellows 080, and forms a pull-pull ring structure together with the annular mass block 050, in the reciprocating process of the vertical motion module, the annular mass block 050 and the primary mass unit 100 cooperatively move under the action of the bellows and continuously transmit mechanical energy to the primary mass unit 100, so that the primary mass unit 100 obtains more kinetic energy, wherein the upper bellows 070 and the lower bellows 080 are made of rubber, and the annular mass block 050 is made of nickel-iron alloy.
As shown in fig. 2a and 3, in the metal casing, a plurality of outer ring permanent magnets are fixedly arranged by using an outer permanent magnet base 090 and a snap ring, and include a first ring magnet 092, a second ring magnet 094 and a third ring magnet 096 which are located at different positions in the axial direction, and a bistable structure is formed by the inner ring magnet 101 and the outer ring permanent magnets; the number of the outer ring permanent magnets is increased to correspondingly increase the number of the structural stable states, wherein the inner ring magnet 101 is fixed in the middle of the main mass unit 100, the outer permanent magnet clamping seat 091 is supported by the outer permanent magnet base 090, the first ring magnet 092 is clamped by the outer permanent magnet clamping seat 091 and the first ring magnet clamping ring 093, the second ring magnet 094 is clamped by the first ring magnet clamping ring 093, and the third ring magnet 096 is clamped by the second ring magnet clamping ring 095 and the annular pressing ring 097, so that the limitation of the axial and radial displacements of the three outer permanent magnets is realized, a stable multi-stable structure is formed with the inner ring magnet 101, wherein the outer permanent magnet clamping seat 091, the first ring magnet clamping ring 093 and the second ring magnet clamping ring 095 are made of 3D printing, the material is engineering plastic, and the magnets are made of neodymium iron boron; as shown in fig. 2, an energy conversion unit 110 is provided, which includes friction materials attached to the outer surfaces of the upper corrugated tube 070 and the lower corrugated tube 080, for contact-separation type friction power generation along with contact and separation with the surfaces of the corrugated tubes during vibration.
In specific implementation, the corresponding technical measures also include:
as shown in fig. 4 and 4a, the primary mass unit 100 is located at the joint of the upper bellows 070 and the lower bellows 080, and includes an inner ring magnet 101, a mass plate 103 and a fixing ring 102, four screws 104 are matched with screw holes on the fixing ring 102 to complete the assembly of the primary mass unit, the inner ring magnet 101 and the mass plate 103 are firmly installed at the joint of the upper bellows 070 and the lower bellows 080, wherein the mass plate 103 is used for weighting, and the mass plate is made of a nickel-iron alloy material.
The number of the permanent magnets of the outer ring is increased to correspondingly increase the number of the stable states of the structure, so that the ultra-multistable configuration is realized.
The number and size configuration of the multistable potential barriers are realized by adjusting the inner and outer diameter conditions of each outer circular ring permanent magnet and the inner circular ring magnet 101 and adjusting the axial distance between the outer circular ring permanent magnets.
FIG. 5 shows a magnetic dipole infinitesimal analysis model for a multistable structure of a ring magnet, in which the magnetic moment of an inner ring magnet 101 is
And is coaxial with the second ring magnet 094, with a vertical distance z; the magnetic moment of the second ring magnet magnetic dipole microcell 094a is
And the distance from the center of the inner ring magnet in the horizontal direction is x, and the magnetic repulsion force of the second ring magnet magnetic dipole element 094a to the inner ring magnet 101 is
The magnetic repulsive force of the second ring magnet 094 to the inner ring magnet 101
Comprises the following steps:
in the formula:
μ0represents the vacuum magnetic permeability, and the unit is N/A;
Both x and z are in the unit of m,
is a unit vector in the vertical direction;
the potential energy U (x, z) of the inner ring magnet 101 is expressed as:
wherein: k is a radical of1Is the equivalent stiffness of the lower bellows 080 in units of N/m; dz is the differential of z.
As shown in fig. 6a, 6b and 6c, the first, second and third ring magnets 092, 094 and 096 with different configurations correspond to different numbers of stable states and changing potential barriers, calculate the magnetic potential energy of the inner ring magnet 101, and determine the system parameters by the number of stable states of the potential energy curve.
In FIG. 6a, the magnetic moment of the inner ring magnet 101 is 3A/m2The first ring magnet 092 has a magnetic moment of 4A/m2The equivalent stiffness of the lower bellows 080 is 218N/m, and the average inner and outer diameters of the first ring magnet 092 is 30mm, a better bistable structure can be formed, such as the balance point 1 and the balance point 2 shown in fig. 6 a.
In FIG. 6b, the magnetic moment of the inner ring magnet 101 is 3A/m2The first and second ring magnets 092 and 094 each have a magnetic moment of 5A/m2The equivalent stiffness of the lower bellows 080 is 218N/m, the average number of the inner and outer diameters of the first and second ring magnets 092 and 094 is 30mm, and the vertical distance between the first and second ring magnets 092 and 094 is 20mm, a good three-stable structure can be formed, such as the balance point 1, the balance point 2, and the balance point 3 shown in fig. 6 b.
FIG. 6 is a view of FIG. cThe magnetic moment of the inner ring magnet 101 is 3A/m2The first and third ring magnets 092 and 096 have a magnetic moment of 6A/m2The magnetic moment of the second ring magnet 094 is 7.4A/m2The equivalent stiffness of the lower bellows 080 is 218N/m, the average number of the inner diameters and the outer diameters of the first ring magnet 092, the second ring magnet 094, and the third ring magnet 096 is 30mm, and when the adjacent vertical distance between the first ring magnet 092, the second ring magnet 094, and the third ring magnet 096 is 18mm, a good four-stable structure can be formed, such as the balance point 1, the balance point 2, the balance point 3, and the balance point 4 shown in fig. 6 c.
For the bistable configuration, the barrier height is 0.015J, for the tristable configuration, the barrier height is 0.0025J, for the tristable configuration, the barrier height is about 0.00167J, and the barrier height can be seen to be obviously reduced, which also indicates that the device can better realize the broadband response under the low-frequency condition; the three steady state configurations described above are merely illustrative, and the ultra-high steady state can be achieved by varying the number and size of the outer ring magnets, progressing towards ultra-low frequency energy harvesting.
As shown in fig. 7, by increasing the number of the main mass units 100, including the increased inner ring magnets 101A and inner ring magnets 101B, a multi-degree-of-freedom cooperative motion structure can be formed, and meanwhile, in the dynamic multi-stable scheme of the inner ring multi-magnet, magnetic repulsion force also exists among the inner ring magnets 101, the second small-diameter ring magnets 101A, and the third small-diameter ring magnets 101B, and the static multi-stable state constructed by overlapping the first ring magnets 092 and the second ring magnets 094he third ring magnets 096 not only increases the number of system modes, but also increases the number of stable states, so that the low-frequency and broadband output performance of the structure can be greatly improved.
As shown in FIGS. 8 and 8a, the lower plate 010 vibrates under the excitation P (t) of the external environment, and the equivalent stiffness and damping of the lower bellows 080 are k1And c1Simultaneously subject to magnetic repulsion force FmActing, the equivalent stiffness and damping respectively k are connected between the annular mass block 050 and the main mass unit 1002And c2The upper corrugated pipe 080 directly reflects the enhanced design of the pull ring, the pull ring and the upper corrugated pipe are in cooperative motion, energy is mutually transmitted among modes, and the annular mass block can effectively promote the main modeThe mass crosses the barrier, which gives a better output response under low-intensity environmental excitation compared to a general bistable structure.
As shown in fig. 9 and 10, two friction material layers with different friction electric polarities attached to the outer surface of the bellows in the friction material are a teflon film layer 112 and a silica gel film layer 113, the teflon film layer 112 and the silica gel film layer 113 are respectively positioned on two adjacent tube walls of the bellows in a V-shape, a copper foil electrode 111 is arranged between the teflon film layer 112 and the silica gel film layer 113 and the tube wall of the bellows at the corresponding position, and a principle diagram of friction nano-power generation shows that the teflon film layer 112 and the silica gel film layer 113 are continuously contacted and separated in the compression and stretching processes of the bellows, the potential difference between the two continuously changes, electronic movement is formed, and transmission is completed by relying on the copper foil electrode 111 to form a current i.
FIGS. 11 and 11a illustrate a specific application of the present invention for energy harvesting in conjunction with a vehicular damper; the damper piston 121, the damping spring 122 and the damper housing 123 are integrally included, four sections of corrugated pipes include two sections of upper corrugated pipes 070 and two sections of lower corrugated pipes 080, an annular mass block 050, an inner ring magnet 101, a first ring magnet 092 and a second ring magnet 094, the four sections of corrugated pipes are all sleeved on the outer side of the damper housing 123, the annular mass block is located in the middle of the structure, the main mass unit 100 is simplified into the inner ring magnet 101 in the drawing and actually consists of the inner ring magnet 101 and a mass plate 103, the first ring magnet 092 and the second ring magnet 094 are fixed on the wall of the housing of the structure and form a multistable structure with the inner ring magnet 101, the design of the 'pull ring' is adopted, the annular mass block 050 in the middle pulls the ring magnets 101 on two sides simultaneously, the two inner ring magnets 101 are effectively promoted to cross a potential barrier, multistable 'inter-well motion' is realized, and the damper piston has good broadband response capability, the structure has strong integrity and better adaptability, and can be used under different environmental conditions.
Claims (3)
1. An enhancement mode super multistable state wide band vibration energy collection device, characterized by:
a cylindrical metal shell is formed by an outer permanent magnet base (090), and a lower metal cylinder (030) and an upper metal cylinder (040) which are respectively arranged at two ends of the outer permanent magnet base (090); an upper bottom plate (020) and a lower bottom plate (010) are respectively arranged at the top end and the bottom end of the metal shell, and a guide rod (060) is supported by the upper bottom plate (020) and the lower bottom plate (010) in the metal shell to form a vertical motion module which is upward along the axial direction of the guide rod and reciprocates under the condition of external vertical excitation;
in the metal shell, an upper corrugated pipe (070) and a lower corrugated pipe (080) which are arranged in series are sleeved on a guide rod (060), the bottom of the lower corrugated pipe (080) is fixed on a lower bottom plate (010), an annular mass block (050) is fixed at the top end of the upper corrugated pipe (070), a main mass unit (100) provided with an inner ring magnet (101) is located at the joint of the upper corrugated pipe (070) and the lower corrugated pipe (080) and forms a pull-pull ring structure together with the annular mass block (050), and in the reciprocating process of the vertical motion module, the annular mass block (050) and the main mass unit (100) cooperatively move under the action of the corrugated pipes to continuously transmit mechanical energy to the main mass unit (100), so that the main mass unit (100) obtains more kinetic energy;
in the metal shell, a plurality of outer ring permanent magnets are fixedly arranged by utilizing an outer permanent magnet base (090) and a snap ring, the outer ring permanent magnets comprise a first ring magnet (092), a second ring magnet (094) and a third ring magnet (096) which are positioned at different axial positions, and the inner ring magnet (101) and the outer ring permanent magnets form a bistable structure; the steady state number of the structure is correspondingly increased by increasing the number of the permanent magnets of the outer ring;
and arranging an energy conversion unit (110) which comprises a step of attaching friction materials to the outer surfaces of the upper corrugated pipe (070) and the lower corrugated pipe (080) for realizing contact separation type friction power generation along with the contact and separation of the friction materials and the surface of the corrugated pipe in the vibration process.
2. The enhanced ultra-multistable broadband vibration energy harvesting device according to claim 1 wherein: and adjusting the inner and outer diameter conditions of each outer circular ring permanent magnet and each inner circular ring magnet (101), and adjusting the axial distance between each outer circular ring permanent magnet to realize the configuration of the number and the size of the multistable potential barriers.
3. The enhanced ultra-multistable broadband vibration energy harvesting device according to claim 1 wherein: the friction material layer that two triboelectric polarities of attached surface of bellows are different in the friction material is polytetrafluoroethylene thin layer (112) and silica gel thin layer (113) respectively, polytetrafluoroethylene thin layer (112) and silica gel thin layer (113) branch department is on the bellows is the adjacent twice pipe wall of "V" shape set up copper foil electrode (111) between polytetrafluoroethylene thin layer (112) and silica gel thin layer (113) and the bellows pipe wall that corresponds the position.
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