CN114172341A - Band-pass type electromagnetic vibration energy collecting device with high energy collecting rate - Google Patents
Band-pass type electromagnetic vibration energy collecting device with high energy collecting rate Download PDFInfo
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- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000013017 mechanical damping Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001124569 Lycaenidae Species 0.000 description 1
- QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[Fe].[Nd] Chemical group [B].[Fe].[Nd] QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K35/00—Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit
- H02K35/02—Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit with moving magnets and stationary coil systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/34—Reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating parts of the magnetic circuit
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
- H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
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Abstract
The invention discloses a band-pass electromagnetic vibration energy collecting device with high energy collecting rate, belonging to the field of micro-energy collection, and comprising a shell, a first vibrator, a second vibrator, a coil, a first plane elastic part and a second plane elastic part; the first vibrator and the second vibrator are arranged in the shell; the second oscillator is a non-magnetic conduction mass block, and the upper side and the lower side of the second planar elastic piece are respectively connected with the second oscillator and the coil; the first oscillator is a permanent magnet, the first plane elastic part is connected with the first oscillator, the weights of the two oscillators are generally different, the structures of the two plane elastic parts are consistent or inconsistent, and two different resonant frequencies are formed by combining the oscillators and the plane elastic parts. The invention has two resonance frequency points, and utilizes the relative motion of the permanent magnet and the coil to realize the enhancement of the motion stroke between the two resonance points, improve the output power, form the energy collection technology of the energy enhancement type in the pass band, and solve the problem that the collection frequency range of the existing single resonance collector is narrow.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of micro-energy collection, and particularly relates to a band-pass electromagnetic vibration energy collecting device with high energy collection rate.
Background
The vigorous development of the internet of things technology enables more and more wireless sensor nodes to be applied to human life. At present, the power supply mode of the sensor nodes is mainly based on lithium batteries, and the lithium batteries have short service life, need to be charged or replaced periodically, pollute the environment and have limited working temperature range, so that the sensor nodes are not used in complex and extreme environments. The method has the advantages that the vibration energy in the environment is collected, and the converted electric energy is utilized to supply power to the wireless sensor node.
Most of the energy collectors commonly used at present have a single resonance point, and when the frequency of the vibration source deviates from the resonance frequency, the output power is remarkably reduced. Vibration in a real environment generally has a wide frequency range characteristic. In order to improve the output performance of the energy collector, it is necessary to have a strong energy collecting capability over a wide frequency range.
The invention patent application No. 201810172221.5 discloses an electromagnetic vibration energy harvester. The heteropolarity of two permanent magnets of this collector sets up relatively, and spring unit sets up between two permanent magnets, and the upper end of spring unit installs the coil, and the quality piece sets up in the coil. The collector has simple structure and convenient assembly. But the collector has only a single resonance point and the effective band is narrow.
The invention patent application No. 202010039725.7 discloses an asymmetric composite broadband vibration energy harvester. The two ends of a vibration pickup beam at a key part of the collector are fixed with the shell to form a double-end fixed beam structure, the vibration pickup beam is of an asymmetric structure along the axial center line, a permanent magnet is fixed at the middle position, piezoelectric sheets are arranged at positions close to the two ends, and coils are arranged in the shell corresponding to the positions of the permanent magnet. The collector utilizes the nonlinear characteristic of the double-end fixed beam in vibration to expand the frequency band. However, the collector only has a single resonance point, and only expands the frequency band near the resonance frequency, so that the expansion effect is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above defects or improvement needs of the prior art, the present invention provides a band-pass electromagnetic vibration energy collecting device with high energy collection rate, which aims to provide two resonance frequency points and to enhance the motion stroke between the two resonance points by using the relative motion of a first vibrator and a second vibrator, thereby solving the technical problem that the existing collector has only a single resonance point and has a narrow effective frequency band.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a band-pass type electromagnetic vibration energy harvesting device of high energy harvesting rate, comprising a housing, a first vibrator, a second vibrator, a coil, a first planar elastic member and a second planar elastic member;
the first vibrator, the second vibrator, the coil, the first plane elastic piece and the second plane elastic piece are all arranged in the shell;
the first oscillator is a permanent magnet;
the second oscillator is a non-magnetic conduction mass block;
the upper side and the lower side of the second planar elastic part are respectively connected with the second vibrator and the coil to form a second vibration pickup;
the first plane elastic piece is connected with the first vibrator to form a first vibration pickup;
when the first vibrator and the second vibrator move relatively, induction voltage is generated inside the coil, so that vibration energy is converted into electric energy
Preferably, the collecting means has two resonance frequencies, and the natural frequencies of said first and second vibration pickups, f, are f, respectively, due to the presence of separate first and second vibration pickups in the devicen1＝f1，fn2＝f2。
Preferably, when the excitation frequency is between two resonant frequencies, the relative motion amplitude of the permanent magnet and the coil is enhanced due to the phase difference existing between the motions of the permanent magnet and the coil, so as to generate a larger induced electromotive force and further obtain more power, wherein the following formula is a transfer function of the motion between the permanent magnet and the coil relative to the excitation source:
wherein, ω is1Is the natural angular frequency, omega, of the first vibration pickup2Is the natural angular frequency, xi, of the second vibration pickupm1Is the mechanical damping coefficient, xi, of the first oscillatorm2Is the mechanical damping coefficient, ξ, of the second oscillatore1Is the electromagnetic damping coefficient, xi, of the first oscillatore2Is the electromagnetic damping coefficient of the second vibrator.
Preferably, the two resonance frequencies are independent of each other, and the resonance frequencies can each be adjusted by adjusting the spring stiffness or mass of the vibration pickup, i.e. the resonance frequencies are adjusted by adjusting the spring stiffness or mass of the vibration pickup
Wherein k is1Is the stiffness of the first planar spring, k2Is the stiffness of the second planar spring, m1Mass of the first vibrator, m2Is the mass of the second vibrator.
Preferably, the first planar elastic member and the second planar elastic member are each a rotational symmetric structure formed by serpentine bending beams.
Preferably, the first planar elastic member and the second planar elastic member have the same thickness and the same number of beams or have different thicknesses and different numbers of beams.
Preferably, the first planar elastic member and the second planar elastic member are formed by laser processing.
Preferably, the non-magnetic mass block is machined by CNC.
Preferably, the housing is formed by 3D printing.
Generally speaking, compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the advantages that the permanent magnet and the coil are respectively arranged on the two vibrators, the two vibrators and the two planar elastic pieces respectively form two resonance points, and compared with a single resonance collector, the relative motion amplitude of the magnet between the two resonance points relative to the coil is enhanced, so that the resonance points have higher output power, and the collecting device has a wider effective frequency range. Compared with the traditional broadband energy collector, the two resonant point frequencies are not influenced mutually and can be independently adjusted. The collecting device provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, high output power, suitability for practical application and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of a high energy harvesting rate band-pass electromagnetic vibration energy harvesting device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the structure of the high energy harvesting rate band-pass electromagnetic vibration energy harvesting device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a first planar spring and a second planar spring according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the output voltage waveform of the harvesting device at a first resonance point in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of frequency versus power for a prototype of an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the adjustment of the resonant frequency point of the energy harvesting device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the variation of the collection frequency bandwidth between the energy collection device and the conventional broadband energy collection according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 (a) is an equivalent mechanical model diagram of an energy collection device in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 (b) is a circuit model diagram of an energy collecting device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a frequency domain plot of the energy harvesting achieved over a wide frequency range in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a graph comparing the frequency domain characteristics of an energy harvesting device and a single resonant energy harvester according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements or structures, wherein: 1-a first oscillator; 2-a coil; 3-a second oscillator; 4-a first planar spring; 5-a second planar spring; 6-outer shell.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present invention provides a band-pass type electromagnetic vibration energy collecting device with a high energy collection rate, which includes a first vibrator 1, a coil 2, a second vibrator 3, a first planar elastic member 4, and a second planar elastic member 5. The first oscillator 1 is a permanent magnet, and the second oscillator is a non-magnetic mass block. The two vibrators are connected to the two planar elastic members, respectively. The weight of the non-magnetic mass block is generally different from that of the permanent magnet. The two planar elastic members may or may not be identical in structure. Two different resonant frequencies are formed by the combination of the planar elastic piece, the non-magnetic mass block and the permanent magnet. The second planar elastic member 5 is connected to the non-magnetic mass and the coil 2 at one side. The first planar elastic member 4 is connected with a permanent magnet. The coil 2 and the permanent magnet move relatively under the two groups of motion characteristics, and can generate induced voltage under a wide frequency range, so as to generate electric energy. Meanwhile, because the coil 2 is connected with the lower part of the second elastic part 5 above the coil, the permanent magnet is connected with the upper part of the first elastic part 4, the moving directions of the coil and the permanent magnet are opposite between two resonance points, and the superposition of the respective moving strokes can effectively improve the induced electromotive force and the output electric energy.
The shell 6 is made by 3D printing, the coil 2 is wound by copper wires, the first plane elastic part 4 and the second plane elastic part 5 are made by brass plate laser cutting, and the permanent magnet is neodymium iron boron with the brand number of N35. The exploded view of the device is shown in fig. 2, and the size of the whole device is phi 31.2mm multiplied by 70.5 mm.
To be further described, as shown in fig. 3, in the embodiment of the present invention, the first planar elastic member 4 and the second planar elastic member 5 both adopt a rotational symmetry structure formed by three sets of beams bent in a serpentine shape, and the stiffness of the spring can be adjusted by adjusting the thickness of the planar spring, the angle of each sector, and the number of sectors. The bending structure can reduce the area of the planar spring, overcome the failure problem caused by residual stress and prolong the service life of the planar spring.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first planar elastic member 4 and the second planar elastic member 5 have the same structure and thickness, and have the size of phi 28mm x 0.9 mm.
In further detail, the voltage waveform output by the prototype of the invention at the first resonant frequency of 58Hz is shown in FIG. 4, and the peak-to-peak voltage is 6.161V. The frequency-power curve for a prototype under 300 Ω load is shown in fig. 5, and it can be seen from fig. 5 that the prototype has two resonance points, 58Hz and 74.5Hz respectively. Compared with a single resonance collector with a resonance point of 74.5Hz under the same parameters, the frequency range of output power higher than 500 muW is expanded from 10Hz to 23Hz, and the frequency range of the collector provided by the invention exceeds twice of the frequency collection range of the single resonance collector, so the experimental result proves that the collector structure provided by the invention can greatly widen the effective frequency range.
Compared with the traditional broadband energy collector, the broadband energy collector has the structure that the two vibration pickups are directly connected through the springs, the broadband energy collector adopts the structure that the iron ring is in a same-vibration type structure, the energy conversion parts (including the magnets and the coils) are respectively placed on the two vibrators, and the two vibrators are respectively connected to the two planar springs, so that two resonance points are formed. The two resonance points do not influence each other and are adjusted by adjusting the alpha parameter, i.e. the ratio (omega) of the two natural resonance frequenciesn2/ωn1) The adjustment of the system frequency point, namely the pass band width can be realized. As shown in fig. 6, the larger α, the larger the bandwidth, but the lower the collected energy in the pass band. Abscissa ω in FIG. 6vibTo provide the energyThe actual resonant frequency of the volume collector. Compared with the traditional broadband energy collector, the frequency bandwidth of the energy collector for collecting energy is not influenced by the mass ratio of the oscillators in the system. As shown in fig. 7, the abscissa μ is the ratio of the masses of the two oscillators. The collection band range of conventional wide frequency range energy harvesters increases with increasing oscillator mass ratio. While the collection band range of the energy harvester proposed herein is not affected by the oscillator mass ratio. Therefore, the control of the resonance frequency point and the frequency bandwidth can be effectively realized through design. Meanwhile, since the vibration amplitude of the magnet relative to the coil is enhanced between the two resonance points, so that the output power between the resonance points is enhanced, for example, in fig. 5, when the vibration source frequency is 65Hz, the collector output power 523.8 μ W proposed herein is higher than the sum 273.4 μ W of the output powers of the two single resonance devices, so that the collector proposed herein has a wider effective frequency range.
The structure of the device was modeled as shown in fig. 8 (a) and fig. 8 (b). m is1Is a magnet, m2Is a coil and a non-magnetic mass. According to newton's second law, the dynamic mechanical domain equation of the system is established as follows:
wherein c ism1And cm2Is the mechanical damping coefficient, k, of the two oscillators1And k2Is the spring rate, y is the displacement of the vibration source, KeIs the electromagnetic conversion constant, -Keiload(t) is an electromagnetic force. The induced voltage can be derived as:
wherein R istotal＝Rcoil+Rload，LcoilIs the coil inductance, omegavibIs the angular frequency of vibration of the vibration source. Due to omegavibLcoil＜＜Rtotal，LcoilAre generally ignored. To understand the frequency response characteristics of the system, the transfer function H1(s)＝Z1(s)/Y(s)，H2(s)＝Z2(s)/Y(s)，H(s)＝[Z1(s)-Z2(s)]the/Y(s) can be derived as shown in (4-6).
Wherein the parameters are defined as follows: electromagnetic damping
Natural angular frequency 1:
natural angular frequency 2:
mechanical damping coefficient xi of first oscillatorm1＝cm1/2m1ωn1Mechanical damping coefficient xi of vibrator 2m2＝cm2/2m2ωn2Electromagnetic damping coefficient xi of the first vibratore1＝ce/2m1ωn1Electromagnetic damping coefficient xi of the second vibratore2＝ce/2m2ωn2。
When the vibration of the vibration source is assumed to be sinusoidal, the parameter f is assumedn1＝ωn1/2π＝74.5Hz，fn2＝ωn2/2π＝58Hz，ξm1＝0.0019，ξm2＝0.0014，ξe1＝0.0173，ξe20.0134. The frequency characteristics of the system transfer function are shown in fig. 9. The system has two resonance points, and when the excitation frequency is between the two resonance frequencies, the vibration amplitude between the two vibrators is enhanced because the vibration of the two vibrators has a phase difference close to 180 degrees. Compared with the transfer function of single resonance under the same parameter, the proposed structure obviously has higher amplitude between two resonance points, and further can generate larger induced voltage. Thus, the proposed energy collector structure can collect more power between two resonance frequencies, with a wider frequency range. Collectors with a single resonance point of 74.5Hz were analyzed and compared under the same parameters, as shown in figure 10. It is proposed that the frequency range with a collector structure with a transfer function amplitude greater than 5 exceeds twice this range in a single resonant collector. The proposed collector structure therefore has a wider frequency range.
In addition, the damping coefficients are both 0 in the transfer function H(s), and the two resonance angular frequencies of the collector are respectively the natural angular frequencies of the two oscillators, which means that the two resonance points are easy to design and adjust and do not influence each other, and the complexity of designing the resonance points is reduced.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A band-pass electromagnetic vibration energy collecting device with high energy collecting rate is characterized by comprising a shell (6), a first vibrator (1), a second vibrator (3), a coil (2), a first plane elastic part (4) and a second plane elastic part (5);
the first vibrator (1), the second vibrator (3), the coil (2), the first plane elastic piece (4) and the second plane elastic piece (5) are all arranged in the shell (6);
the first vibrator (1) is a permanent magnet;
the second vibrator (3) is a non-magnetic conduction mass block;
the upper side and the lower side of the second planar elastic piece (5) are respectively connected with the second vibrator (3) and the coil (2) to form a second vibration pickup;
the first plane elastic piece (4) is connected with the first vibrator (1) to form a first vibration pickup;
when the first vibrator (1) and the second vibrator (3) move relatively, induction voltage is generated inside the coil (2), so that vibration energy is converted into electric energy.
2. A high energy harvesting rate band-pass electromagnetic vibration energy harvesting device according to claim 1 wherein the harvesting device has two resonant frequencies due to the presence of separate first and second vibration pickups in the device, and the natural frequencies f of said first and second vibration pickups are fn1＝f1，fn2＝f2。
3. A high energy harvesting rate band-pass electromagnetic vibration energy harvesting device as defined in claim 2 wherein when the excitation frequency is between two resonant frequencies, the relative motion amplitude is increased due to the phase difference between the motion of the permanent magnet and the coil, and a larger induced electromotive force is generated to obtain more power, wherein the following equation is the transfer function of the motion between the permanent magnet and the coil relative to the excitation source:
wherein, ω is1Is the natural angular frequency, omega, of the first vibration pickup2Is the natural angular frequency, xi, of the second vibration pickupm1Is the mechanical damping coefficient, xi, of the first oscillatorm2Is the mechanical damping coefficient, ξ, of the second oscillatore1Is the electromagnetic damping coefficient, xi, of the first oscillatore2Is the electromagnetic damping coefficient of the second vibrator.
4. A high energy harvesting rate band-pass electromagnetic vibration energy harvesting device according to claim 3 wherein the two resonant frequencies are independent of each other and can be individually tuned by adjusting the spring rate or mass of the vibration pick-up
Wherein k is1Is the stiffness of the first planar spring, k2Is the stiffness of the second planar spring, m1Mass of the first vibrator, m2Is the mass of the second vibrator.
5. A high energy harvesting rate band-pass electromagnetic vibration energy harvesting device according to claim 1 wherein the first planar spring (4) and the second planar spring (5) are each a rotationally symmetric structure of serpentine beams.
6. A high energy harvesting rate pass-through electromagnetic vibration energy harvesting device according to claim 5 wherein the first planar spring (4) and the second planar spring (5) are of the same thickness and number of beams or of differing thicknesses and numbers of beams.
7. A high energy harvesting rate band pass electromagnetic vibration energy harvesting device according to claim 6 wherein the first planar spring (4) and the second planar spring (5) are laser machined.
8. A high energy harvesting rate band-pass electromagnetic vibration energy harvesting device according to claim 1 wherein the non-magnetically conductive mass is CNC machined.
9. A high energy harvesting rate band-pass electromagnetic vibration energy harvesting device according to claim 1 wherein the housing (6) is 3D printed.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117350135A (en) * | 2023-12-04 | 2024-01-05 | 华东交通大学 | Frequency band expanding method and system of hybrid energy collector |
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| WO2015140959A1 (en) * | 2014-03-19 | 2015-09-24 | 三菱電機エンジニアリング株式会社 | Vibration-powered generator |
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2021
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| WO2015140959A1 (en) * | 2014-03-19 | 2015-09-24 | 三菱電機エンジニアリング株式会社 | Vibration-powered generator |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117350135A (en) * | 2023-12-04 | 2024-01-05 | 华东交通大学 | Frequency band expanding method and system of hybrid energy collector |
| CN117350135B (en) * | 2023-12-04 | 2024-03-08 | 华东交通大学 | Frequency band expanding method and system of hybrid energy collector |
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Application publication date: 20220311 |