CN113553670B - Metal rubber buffer device and structure optimization method - Google Patents
Metal rubber buffer device and structure optimization method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113553670B CN113553670B CN202110663667.XA CN202110663667A CN113553670B CN 113553670 B CN113553670 B CN 113553670B CN 202110663667 A CN202110663667 A CN 202110663667A CN 113553670 B CN113553670 B CN 113553670B
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- G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
Abstract
The invention discloses a structure optimization method of a metal rubber buffer device, which comprises the following implementation steps: s1: acquiring an initial structure of the metal rubber buffer device; s2: establishing a finite element model according to the current structure of the metal rubber buffer device to obtain a solid model, wherein an X-shaped rubber block is arranged between the outer bottom wall of the first metal frame and the inner bottom wall of the second metal frame in the solid model, and auxiliary metal blocks are arranged on the peripheral sides of the upper top surface and the lower bottom surface of the X-shaped rubber block; s3: carrying out simulation analysis on the entity model to obtain an analysis result of the buffering performance; s4: judging whether the analysis result meets the preset requirement, and if the comparison result meets the preset requirement, finishing optimization; if the comparison result is not satisfied, optimizing the X-shaped rubber block and/or the auxiliary metal block in the structure of the metal rubber buffer device according to the analysis result, and continuing to the step S2 to the step S4. The method has the advantages of accelerating simulation analysis convergence, reducing calculation cost and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention mainly relates to the technical field of shock absorption of transportation equipment, in particular to a metal rubber buffer device and a structure optimization method.
Background
According to application occasions and structural characteristics, the buffer device can be roughly divided into an elastic body buffer device, a spring buffer device, a hydraulic buffer device and the like, and most of the buffer devices have some defects, such as unstable performance, small capacity and the like; when the application occasions are located in severe environments such as the sea, the Gobi desert, the mountain areas and the like, the maintenance difficulty and the cost are very high. Therefore, the cushioning device is required to have a simple structure and reliable performance without dropping parts after impact on the premise of having a cushioning function. The metal rubber buffer device has simple structure, reliable performance, low cost and good buffer function, so the metal rubber buffer device is widely applied to traffic and transportation equipment such as automobiles, locomotives, ships and the like.
The simulation analysis of the rubber material is a modern design method for optimizing the structure of the metal rubber buffer device, but the analysis of the elastic characteristic of the buffer device is more complex than the analysis of a metal piece, the mechanical property of the metal only needs elastic modulus, poisson's ratio, plastic strain parameters and the like, and the rubber material is usually simulated by a super-elastic constitutive model, so that the rubber material has stronger material nonlinearity and complex constitutive relation, the deformation of the rubber material has the characteristic of large deformation geometric nonlinearity, and the volume of the rubber material is almost incompressible or completely incompressible. Therefore, in simulation analysis of the rubber part, the above characteristics cause problems in convergence, stability and accuracy in the analysis process. In addition, the rubber part is a super elastic material, the larger the thickness and the larger the volume of the rubber part are, the larger the buffer capacity is, but the buffer stroke is too large, so that the development progress of the buffer device is accelerated through the structural optimization of the metal rubber buffer device, and the problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field is urgently needed to obtain the metal rubber buffer device with simpler structure, more reliable performance and high buffer function.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a structure optimization method for a metal rubber buffer device, which can accelerate the convergence of simulation analysis of the metal rubber buffer device and reduce the calculation cost, thereby accelerating the development of the metal rubber buffer device. The invention also provides a metal rubber buffer device which is simpler in structure, reliable in performance and efficient in buffer function.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a structure optimization method for a metal rubber buffer device comprises the following implementation steps:
s1: acquiring an initial structure of the metal rubber buffer device;
s2: establishing a finite element model according to the current structure of the metal rubber buffer device to obtain a solid model, wherein an X-shaped rubber block is arranged between the outer bottom wall of a first metal frame and the inner bottom wall of a second metal frame in the solid model, and auxiliary metal blocks are arranged on the peripheral sides of the upper top surface and the lower bottom surface of the X-shaped rubber block and are used for preventing the top layer grid and the bottom layer grid of the finite element model of the X-shaped rubber block from being distorted during simulation analysis;
s3: carrying out simulation analysis on the entity model to obtain an analysis result of the buffering performance;
s4: judging whether the analysis result meets the preset requirement, and if the comparison result meets the preset requirement, finishing optimization; if the comparison result is not satisfied, optimizing the X-shaped rubber block and/or the auxiliary metal block in the structure of the metal rubber buffer device according to the analysis result, and continuing to the step S2 to the step S4.
As a further improvement of the invention: step S2 further includes disposing a rubber member between an outer sidewall of the first metal frame and an inner sidewall of the second metal frame in the solid model.
As a further improvement of the invention: the specific way of carrying out structure optimization on the metal rubber buffer device in the step S4 is to increase the overall length of the X-shaped rubber block, arrange a through hole in the middle of the X-shaped rubber block, adjust the rubber material of the rubber piece, and adjust any one or more of the thicknesses of the auxiliary metal blocks.
As a further improvement of the invention: when the finite element model is established in the step S2, a layer of thin rubber pad is arranged on the upper top surface and the lower bottom surface of the X-shaped rubber block of the solid model, any side length of the thin rubber pad is larger than that of the upper top surface and/or the lower bottom surface of the X-shaped rubber block, and the auxiliary metal block is surrounded on the periphery side of the thin rubber pad.
As a further improvement of the invention: the auxiliary metal block is configured to have a thickness greater than that of the thin rubber pad.
As a further improvement of the invention: and configuring the longitudinal width of the auxiliary metal block to be larger than the maximum length of the longitudinal deformation of the X-shaped rubber block.
As a further improvement of the invention: the auxiliary metal block adopts a fillet design.
As a further improvement of the invention: the simulation analysis in the step S3 includes meshing the main components of the metal rubber buffer device, the first metal frame and the second metal frame are large-sized meshes, the rubber piece and the X-shaped rubber block are small-sized meshes, and the mesh sizes at the longitudinal end and the transverse end of the X-shaped rubber block are smaller than the mesh size at the middle part.
As a further improvement of the invention: and the simulation analysis of the step S3 also comprises the step of carrying out grid encryption on the part of the X-shaped rubber block contacted with the fillet part of the auxiliary metal block.
As a further improvement of the invention: the simulation analysis of the step S3 comprises the steps of loading vertical compression displacement to the metal rubber buffer device in a segmented manner, applying fixed constraint to the bottom of the second metal frame, and loading vertical compression displacement to the reference point of the first metal frame in a segmented manner; when the finite element model adopts a 1/2 physical model, applying a symmetrical boundary condition at one end of the metal rubber buffer device in the longitudinal length direction; when the finite element model adopts a 1/4 physical model, applying symmetrical boundary conditions at one end of the metal rubber buffer device in the longitudinal length direction and one end of the metal rubber buffer device in the transverse length direction; when the finite element model adopts a 1/4 physical model, the symmetric boundary condition of one end of the metal rubber buffer device in the transverse width direction is cancelled when horizontal shearing displacement is applied.
The invention also provides a metal rubber buffer device which comprises a first metal frame and a second metal frame, wherein the first metal frame is embedded in the second metal frame, a rubber piece is arranged between the outer peripheral wall of the first metal frame and the inner peripheral wall of the second metal frame, and an X-shaped rubber block is arranged between the outer bottom wall of the first metal frame and the inner bottom wall of the second metal frame.
As a further improvement of the invention: the X-shaped rubber block comprises a rectangular rubber block, a first trapezoidal rubber block, a second trapezoidal rubber block, a third trapezoidal rubber block and a fourth trapezoidal rubber block, wherein the first trapezoidal rubber block and the second trapezoidal rubber block are symmetrically arranged on the upper portions of two side walls of the rectangular rubber block, and the third trapezoidal rubber block and the fourth trapezoidal rubber block are symmetrically arranged on the lower portions of two side walls of the rectangular rubber block.
As a further improvement of the invention: first trapezoidal block rubber, the trapezoidal block rubber of second, the trapezoidal block rubber of third and the trapezoidal block rubber of fourth are right trapezoid, the right angle waist of first trapezoidal block rubber and the trapezoidal block rubber of second and the last top surface of rectangle block rubber are on same horizontal plane, the right angle waist of the trapezoidal block rubber of third and the trapezoidal block rubber of fourth and the lower bottom surface of rectangle block rubber are on same horizontal plane.
As a further improvement of the invention: the upper top surface and/or the lower bottom surface of the X-shaped rubber block are/is provided with thin rubber pads, and the side length of any one of the thin rubber pads is larger than that of the upper top surface and/or the lower bottom surface of the X-shaped rubber block.
As a further improvement of the invention: the ratio of the transverse width of the rectangular rubber block to the transverse width of the thin rubber pad is less than or equal to 1/3.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. in the step of solid modeling, an X-shaped rubber block is arranged between the outer bottom wall of a first metal frame and the inner bottom wall of a second metal frame in a solid model, the X-shaped rubber block does not contain a thin steel plate and is a pure rubber block, when the pure rubber block is acted by a vertical load, the vertical compression deformation degree of the pure rubber block is faster, and the stress of the rubber at the bottom layer and the top layer is the largest, so that the deformation degrees of the two layers are larger, the grids at the top layer and the bottom layer of a finite element model of the X-shaped rubber block are easily distorted firstly, and the vertical compression displacement of the X-shaped rubber block is not large at the moment, so that the convergence difficulty of simulation analysis is increased, and the calculation is terminated too early; in order to match with simulation analysis of the X-shaped rubber block, distortion of top layer grids and bottom layer grids of a finite element model of the X-shaped rubber block is prevented during simulation analysis by designing the auxiliary metal block during entity modeling, and due to the fact that the thickness of the auxiliary metal block is small, the influence of the adjustment on the design requirements of vertical load, horizontal load and horizontal shearing displacement (namely buffer stroke) of the metal rubber buffer device can be ignored, convergence of simulation analysis of the metal rubber buffer device can be accelerated, and calculation cost is greatly reduced.
2. According to the structure optimization method of the metal rubber buffer device, the thin rubber pads are arranged on the upper top surface and the lower bottom surface of the X-shaped rubber block, any side length of each thin rubber pad is larger than that of the upper top surface and/or the lower bottom surface of the X-shaped rubber block, and the change from hard landing (namely the X-shaped rubber block is directly contacted with the metal frame) to soft landing (namely the X-shaped rubber block is contacted with the thin rubber pads) when the rubber at the top or the bottom of the X-shaped rubber block deforms towards the periphery is facilitated, so that simulation analysis is smoothly carried out; according to the invention, the vertical compression deformation of the X-shaped rubber block is firstly started from self-contact, the X-shaped rubber block is firstly established to be in contact with the thin rubber pad, and then the thin rubber pad is in contact with the metal frame, so that the vertical compression displacement of the X-shaped rubber block is increased, the calculation cost is reduced, and the calculation convergence is facilitated.
3. According to the metal rubber buffer device, the rubber part is designed into the X-shaped rubber block, the structure form of the transverse section of the rubber part is similar to the X shape, the structure of the longitudinal section is similar to the rectangle, the deformation degree of the longitudinal end and the transverse end of the X-shaped rubber block is favorably coordinated by reducing the stress surfaces of the longitudinal end and the transverse end of the X-shaped rubber block and increasing the stress surfaces of the transverse end of the X-shaped rubber block, the overlarge deformation degree of any one party can be avoided, and the grid distortion caused by serious torsion and deformation of a finite element grid during simulation analysis is avoided, so that the calculation is stopped. The metal rubber buffer device obtained by the structure optimization method has the advantages of simple structure, reliable performance and high buffer function.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a basic flow of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a 1/2 model of a metal rubber damper according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a 1/2 model of a metal-rubber damper device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic front view of the X-shaped rubber block according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic side view of an X-shaped rubber block according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic top view showing the structure of an auxiliary metal block of a 1/2 model of a metal rubber damper according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic side view of the auxiliary metal block of the metal-rubber buffer 1/2 model according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Illustration of the drawings:
1. a first metal frame; 2. a second metal frame; 3. a rubber member; 4. an X-shaped rubber block; 41. a rectangular rubber block; 42. a first trapezoidal rubber block; 43. a second trapezoidal rubber block; 44. a third trapezoidal rubber block; 45. a fourth trapezoidal rubber block; 5. an auxiliary metal block; 6. thin rubber mat.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the invention discloses a structure optimization method of a metal rubber buffer device, which comprises the following implementation steps:
s1: acquiring an initial structure of the metal rubber buffer device;
s2: establishing a finite element model according to the current structure of the metal rubber buffer device to obtain a solid model, wherein an X-shaped rubber block 4 is arranged between the outer bottom wall of the first metal frame 1 and the inner bottom wall of the second metal frame 2 in the solid model, auxiliary metal blocks 5 are arranged on the peripheral sides of the upper top surface and the lower bottom surface of the X-shaped rubber block 4, and the auxiliary metal blocks 5 are used for preventing the top layer grid and the bottom layer grid of the finite element model of the X-shaped rubber block 4 from being distorted during simulation analysis;
s3: carrying out simulation analysis on the entity model to obtain an analysis result of the buffering performance;
s4: judging whether the analysis result meets the preset requirement, and if the comparison result meets the preset requirement, finishing optimization; if the comparison result is not satisfied, optimizing the X-shaped rubber block 4 and/or the auxiliary metal block 5 in the structure of the metal rubber buffer device according to the analysis result, and continuing to the step S2 to the step S4.
In the step of solid modeling, an X-shaped rubber block 4 is arranged between the outer bottom wall of a first metal frame 1 and the inner bottom wall of a second metal frame 2 of a solid model, the X-shaped rubber block 4 does not contain a thin steel plate and is a pure rubber block, when the pure rubber block is subjected to vertical load, the vertical compression deformation degree of the pure rubber block is higher, and rubber of the bottom layer and the top layer of the pure rubber block is stressed to the maximum extent, so that the deformation degrees of the two layers are higher, grids of the top layer and the bottom layer of a finite element model of the X-shaped rubber block 4 are firstly distorted, and the vertical compression displacement of the X-shaped rubber block 4 is not large at the moment, so that the convergence difficulty of simulation analysis is increased, and the calculation is terminated too early; in order to match with the simulation analysis of the X-shaped rubber block 4, when the solid modeling is carried out, the top layer grid and the bottom layer grid of the finite element model of the X-shaped rubber block 4 are prevented from being distorted during the simulation analysis by designing the auxiliary metal block 5; because the thickness of the auxiliary metal block 5 is smaller, the adjustment can not affect the design requirements of the vertical load, the horizontal load and the horizontal shearing displacement (namely the buffer stroke) of the metal rubber buffer device, the convergence of simulation analysis of the metal rubber buffer device can be accelerated, and the calculation cost is greatly reduced.
In this embodiment, step S2 further includes disposing the rubber member 3 between the outer sidewall of the first metal frame 1 and the inner sidewall of the second metal frame 2 in the solid model.
In this embodiment, the specific way of optimizing the structure of the metal rubber buffer device in step S4 is to increase the overall length of the X-shaped rubber block 4, provide a through hole in the middle of the X-shaped rubber block 4, adjust the rubber material of the rubber member 3, and adjust any one or more of the thicknesses of the auxiliary metal blocks 5.
When the vertical load of the metal rubber buffer device does not meet the design requirement, the overall length of the X-shaped rubber block 4 is increased, the structural form of the transverse section of the X-shaped rubber block is not changed, and the calculation cost is reduced. When metal rubber buffer's vertical compression displacement was difficult to satisfy the designing requirement, establish the through-hole at 4 middle parts of X type block rubber, increase X type block rubber's 4 overall length simultaneously, both satisfied vertical compression displacement designing requirement, satisfied vertical load designing requirement again. When the vertical load and the horizontal load design requirement of the metal rubber buffer device are difficult to meet, the rubber piece 3 can adopt a sizing material with slightly larger hardness, and the vertical compression displacement and the horizontal shearing displacement of the metal rubber buffer device are reduced. When the vertical load of the metal rubber buffer device is large, the thickness of the auxiliary metal block 5 is increased, the overall deformation degree of the X-shaped rubber block 4 is reduced, and the deformation trends of the longitudinal two sides and the transverse two sides of the X-shaped rubber block 4 can be kept consistent.
In this embodiment, when the finite element model is created in step S2, a layer of thin rubber pad 6 is disposed on the upper top surface and the lower bottom surface of the X-shaped rubber block 4 of the solid model, any side length of the thin rubber pad 6 is greater than that of the upper top surface and/or the lower bottom surface of the X-shaped rubber block 4, and the auxiliary metal block 5 is surrounded on the periphery side of the thin rubber pad 6.
The thin rubber pads 6 are arranged on the upper top surface and the lower bottom surface of the X-shaped rubber block 4, and the side length of any one of the thin rubber pads 6 is larger than that of the upper top surface and/or the lower bottom surface of the X-shaped rubber block 4, so that the change from hard landing (namely the X-shaped rubber block 4 is directly contacted with the metal frame) to soft landing (namely the X-shaped rubber block 4 is contacted with the thin rubber pad 6) when the rubber at the top or the bottom of the X-shaped rubber block 4 deforms towards the periphery is facilitated, and the simulation analysis is smoothly carried out; according to the invention, the vertical compression deformation of the X-shaped rubber block 4 is started from self-contact, the X-shaped rubber block 4 is firstly established to be in contact with the thin rubber pad 6, and then the thin rubber pad 6 is in contact with the metal frames 1 and 2, so that the vertical compression displacement of the X-shaped rubber block 4 is increased, the calculation cost is reduced, and the calculation convergence is facilitated.
Further, in a preferred embodiment, the model of the X-shaped rubber block 4 has a specific structure: the X-shaped rubber block 4 comprises a rectangular rubber block 41, a first trapezoidal rubber block 42, a second trapezoidal rubber block 43, a third trapezoidal rubber block 44 and a fourth trapezoidal rubber block 45, wherein the first trapezoidal rubber block 42 and the second trapezoidal rubber block 43 are symmetrically arranged at the upper parts of two side walls of the rectangular rubber block 41, and the third trapezoidal rubber block 44 and the fourth trapezoidal rubber block 45 are symmetrically arranged at the lower parts of two side walls of the rectangular rubber block 41; first trapezoidal rubber block 42, second trapezoidal rubber block 43, third trapezoidal rubber block 44 and fourth trapezoidal rubber block 45 are right trapezoid, and the right angle waist of first trapezoidal rubber block 42 and second trapezoidal rubber block 43 and the last top surface of rectangle rubber block 41 are on same horizontal plane, and the right angle waist of third trapezoidal rubber block 44 and fourth trapezoidal rubber block 45 and the lower bottom surface of rectangle rubber block 41 are on same horizontal plane.
The size requirement of the X-shaped rubber block 4 is as follows: the ratio of the transverse width (see B1 in fig. 4) of the rectangular rubber block 41 to the transverse width (see B in fig. 4) of the thin rubber pad 6 is less than or equal to 1/3, and the ratio of the thickness (see H1 in fig. 4) of the rectangular rubber block 41 between the first trapezoidal rubber block 42 and the third trapezoidal rubber block 44 to the sum of the thicknesses (see H in fig. 4) of the X-shaped rubber block 4 and the upper and lower thin rubber pads 6 is greater than 0.6; the length of the thin rubber pad 6 which exceeds the upper top surface or the lower bottom surface of the X-shaped rubber block 4 along the transverse direction (see b2 in figure 4) is larger than the length of the upper bottom edge of the trapezoidal rubber block (see h2 in figure 4); the length of the thin rubber pad 6 which exceeds the upper top surface or the lower bottom surface of the X-shaped rubber block 4 along the longitudinal direction (see b3 in figure 5) is larger than the length of the lower bottom edge of the trapezoidal rubber block (see h4 in figure 5); the thickness of the thin rubber pad (see h3 in fig. 4) should be smaller than the thickness of the auxiliary metal block 5 (see h5 in fig. 7); the longitudinal width (see b4 in fig. 6) of the auxiliary metal block 5 is larger than the maximum length of the longitudinal deformation of the X-shaped rubber block 4, which is beneficial to the more regular overall external shape of the deformed X-shaped rubber block 4.
In this embodiment, the auxiliary metal block 5 adopts a fillet design, which can avoid grid penetration and cause difficulty in convergence of calculation.
In this embodiment, the detailed steps of the simulation analysis in step S3 include:
s301) inputting a 1/2 or 1/4 finite element model as an analysis model;
s302) carrying out grid division on main components of the metal rubber buffer device; the method comprises the following specific steps: when the metal rubber buffer device is divided into grids, the first metal frame 1 and the second metal frame 2 adopt large-size grids, the rubber piece 3 and the X-shaped rubber block 4 adopt small-size grids, and the grid sizes of the two longitudinal ends and the two transverse ends of the X-shaped rubber block 4 are smaller than the grid size of the middle part; comprises the step of carrying out grid encryption on the part of the X-shaped rubber block 4 which is contacted with the round corner part of the auxiliary metal block 5.
S303) giving material properties to the analysis model;
s304) assembling main components of the metal rubber buffer device;
s305) setting an analysis step;
s306) defining constraints;
s307) defining boundary conditions;
s308) loading vertical compression displacement to the metal rubber buffer device in a segmented manner; the method specifically comprises the following steps: applying fixed constraint to the bottom of the second metal frame 2, and loading vertical compression displacement on a reference point of the first metal frame 1 in a segmented manner; when the finite element model adopts a 1/2 physical model, applying a symmetrical boundary condition at one end of the metal rubber buffer device in the longitudinal length direction; when the finite element model adopts a 1/4 physical model, applying symmetrical boundary conditions at one end of the metal rubber buffer device in the longitudinal length direction and one end of the metal rubber buffer device in the transverse length direction; when the finite element model adopts a 1/4 physical model, the symmetric boundary condition of one end of the metal rubber buffer device in the transverse width direction is cancelled when horizontal shearing displacement is applied.
S09) establishing an analysis file and obtaining an analysis result of the buffer performance.
In this embodiment, rubber component 3 designs into square rubber spare, enclose the lateral wall of locating first metal frame 1, wherein the horizontal grid size of the square rubber spare of horizontal direction symmetrical arrangement along first metal frame 1 is greater than its vertical grid size, when metal rubber buffer's vertical compression displacement and horizontal shear displacement are great, the square rubber spare of horizontal direction symmetrical arrangement bears shear load earlier, bear compression load again, and the square rubber spare of vertical direction symmetrical arrangement bears shear load twice, the horizontal grid size and the vertical grid size of the square rubber spare of vertical direction symmetrical arrangement are unanimous basically, be favorable to calculating the convergence.
This embodiment still provides a metal rubber buffer, including first metal frame 1 and second metal frame 2, in first metal frame 1 inlays and locates second metal frame 2, is equipped with rubber spare 3 between the periphery wall of first metal frame 1 and the internal perisporium of second metal frame 2, is equipped with X type rubber piece 4 between the outer diapire of first metal frame 1 and the interior diapire of second metal frame 2.
In the present embodiment, the lower bottom surface of the first metal frame 1 extends outward in the longitudinal and transverse directions to form a longitudinal extension and a transverse extension, and the dimension of the longitudinal extension is larger than that of the transverse extension.
In this embodiment, the rubber member 3 is designed into the X-shaped rubber block 4, the structural form of the transverse section of the rubber member is similar to that of the X-shaped rubber block 4, the structure of the longitudinal section is similar to that of the rectangle, and the stress surfaces at the longitudinal ends and the transverse ends of the X-shaped rubber block 4 are reduced and increased, so that the deformation degrees of the longitudinal ends and the transverse ends of the X-shaped rubber block 4 can be favorably coordinated, the excessively large deformation degree of any one party can be avoided, and the grid distortion caused by serious distortion of the finite element grid during simulation analysis can be avoided, thereby resulting in the termination of calculation. The metal rubber buffer device obtained by the structure optimization method of the embodiment has the advantages of simple structure, reliable performance and high buffer function.
In this embodiment, the X-shaped rubber block 4 includes a rectangular rubber block 41, a first trapezoidal rubber block 42, a second trapezoidal rubber block 43, a third trapezoidal rubber block 44, and a fourth trapezoidal rubber block 45, the first trapezoidal rubber block 42 and the second trapezoidal rubber block 43 are symmetrically disposed on the upper portions of the two sidewalls of the rectangular rubber block 41, and the third trapezoidal rubber block 44 and the fourth trapezoidal rubber block 45 are symmetrically disposed on the lower portions of the two sidewalls of the rectangular rubber block 41.
In this embodiment, the first trapezoidal rubber block 42, the second trapezoidal rubber block 43, the third trapezoidal rubber block 44, and the fourth trapezoidal rubber block 45 are right-angled trapezoids, the right-angled waist of the first trapezoidal rubber block 42 and the second trapezoidal rubber block 43 is on the same horizontal plane as the upper top surface of the rectangular rubber block 41, and the right-angled waist of the third trapezoidal rubber block 44 and the fourth trapezoidal rubber block 45 is on the same horizontal plane as the lower bottom surface of the rectangular rubber block 41. The four trapezoidal rubber blocks and the rectangular rubber block 41 are designed to form the X-shaped rubber block 4 in an integrated mode, and stress surfaces at the longitudinal two ends of the X-shaped rubber block 4 are smaller than stress surfaces at the transverse two ends, so that the deformation degree of the longitudinal two ends and the deformation degree of the transverse two ends of the X-shaped rubber block 4 are balanced, and the deformation degree of any one party is avoided being too large.
In this embodiment, the thin rubber pads 6 are disposed on the upper top surface and/or the lower bottom surface of the X-shaped rubber block 4, and any one side length of the thin rubber pad 6 is greater than the side length of the upper top surface and/or the lower bottom surface of the X-shaped rubber block 4. The vertical compression deformation of the X-shaped rubber block 4 starts from self-contact, the X-shaped rubber block 4 is firstly established to be in contact with the thin rubber pad 6, then the thin rubber pad 6 is in contact with the metal frame 1 and the metal frame 2, so that the vertical compression displacement of the X-shaped rubber block 4 is increased, the calculation cost can be reduced, and calculation convergence is facilitated.
In this embodiment, the ratio of the lateral width of the rectangular rubber block 41 to the lateral width of the thin rubber pad 6 is 1/3 or less.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention.
Claims (15)
1. A structure optimization method of a metal rubber buffer device is characterized by comprising the following implementation steps:
s1: acquiring an initial structure of the metal rubber buffer device;
s2: establishing a finite element model according to the current structure of the metal rubber buffer device to obtain a solid model, wherein an X-shaped rubber block (4) is arranged between the outer bottom wall of a first metal frame (1) and the inner bottom wall of a second metal frame (2) in the solid model, auxiliary metal blocks (5) are arranged on the peripheral sides of the upper top surface and the lower bottom surface of the X-shaped rubber block (4), and the auxiliary metal blocks (5) are used for preventing the top layer grid and the bottom layer grid of the finite element model of the X-shaped rubber block (4) from being distorted in simulation analysis;
s3: carrying out simulation analysis on the entity model to obtain an analysis result of the buffering performance; the method comprises the following specific steps:
s301) inputting a 1/2 or 1/4 finite element model as an analysis model;
s302) carrying out grid division on main components of the metal rubber buffer device; the method comprises the following specific steps: when the metal rubber buffer device is divided into grids, the first metal frame (1) and the second metal frame (2) adopt large-size grids, the rubber piece (3) and the X-shaped rubber block (4) adopt small-size grids, and the grid sizes of the longitudinal end and the transverse end of the X-shaped rubber block (4) are smaller than that of the middle part of the X-shaped rubber block; comprises the step of carrying out grid encryption on the part of an X-shaped rubber block (4) which is in contact with the rounded corner part of an auxiliary metal block (5);
s303) giving material properties to the analysis model;
s304) assembling main components of the metal rubber buffer device;
s305) setting an analysis step;
s306) defining constraints;
s307) defining boundary conditions;
s308) loading vertical compression displacement to the metal rubber buffer device in a segmented manner; the method comprises the following specific steps: applying fixed constraint at the bottom of the second metal frame (2), and loading vertical compression displacement on a reference point of the first metal frame (1) in a segmented manner; when the finite element model adopts a 1/2 physical model, applying a symmetrical boundary condition at one end of the metal rubber buffer device in the longitudinal length direction; when the finite element model adopts a 1/4 physical model, applying symmetrical boundary conditions at one end of the metal rubber buffer device in the longitudinal length direction and one end of the metal rubber buffer device in the transverse length direction; when the finite element model adopts a 1/4 physical model, the symmetrical boundary condition of one end of the metal rubber buffer device in the transverse width direction is cancelled when horizontal shearing displacement is applied;
s309) establishing an analysis file and acquiring an analysis result of the buffer performance;
s4: judging whether the analysis result meets the preset requirement, and if the comparison result is in line, finishing optimization; and if the comparison result is not met, optimizing the X-shaped rubber block (4) and/or the auxiliary metal block (5) in the structure of the metal rubber buffer device according to the analysis result, and continuing to the step S2 to the step S4.
2. The method for optimizing the structure of a metal-rubber buffer device according to claim 1, further comprising disposing a rubber member (3) between the outer sidewall of the first metal frame (1) and the inner sidewall of the second metal frame (2) in the solid model in step S2.
3. The structure optimization method of the metal rubber buffer device according to claim 2, wherein the structure of the metal rubber buffer device in step S4 is optimized by any one or more of increasing the overall length of the X-shaped rubber block (4), providing a through hole in the middle of the X-shaped rubber block (4), adjusting the sizing material of the rubber member (3), and adjusting the thickness of the auxiliary metal block (5).
4. The method for optimizing the structure of the metal rubber buffer device according to claim 1, wherein when the finite element model is established in step S2, a layer of thin rubber pad (6) is arranged on the upper top surface and the lower bottom surface of the X-shaped rubber block (4) of the solid model, the side length of any one of the thin rubber pads (6) is larger than the side length of the upper top surface and/or the lower bottom surface of the X-shaped rubber block (4), and the auxiliary metal block (5) is arranged around the periphery of the thin rubber pad (6).
5. A method for optimizing the structure of a metal-rubber buffer according to claim 4, wherein the thickness of the auxiliary metal block (5) is configured to be greater than the thickness of the thin rubber pad (6).
6. The structure optimization method of the metal-rubber buffer device according to claim 1, wherein the longitudinal width of the auxiliary metal block (5) is configured to be larger than the maximum length of the longitudinal deformation of the X-shaped rubber block (4).
7. The method for optimizing the structure of a metal-rubber buffer device according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary metal block (5) is of a rounded design.
8. The method for optimizing the structure of the metal rubber buffer device according to claim 7, wherein the simulation analysis in the step S3 includes meshing the main components of the metal rubber buffer device, the first metal frame (1) and the second metal frame (2) adopt large-size meshes, the rubber member (3) and the X-shaped rubber block (4) adopt small-size meshes, and the mesh sizes of the longitudinal ends and the transverse ends of the X-shaped rubber block (4) are smaller than the mesh size of the middle part.
9. The method for optimizing the structure of a metal-rubber buffer device according to claim 8, wherein the simulation analysis of step S3 further comprises grid-encrypting the portion of the X-shaped rubber block (4) in contact with the rounded corner portion of the auxiliary metal block (5).
10. The method for optimizing the structure of the metal rubber buffer device according to claim 1, wherein the simulation analysis of the step S3 includes loading vertical compression displacement to the metal rubber buffer device in sections, applying a fixed constraint to the bottom of the second metal frame (2), and loading vertical compression displacement to the reference point of the first metal frame (1) in sections; when the finite element model adopts a 1/2 physical model, applying a symmetrical boundary condition at one end of the metal rubber buffer device in the longitudinal length direction; when the finite element model adopts a 1/4 physical model, applying symmetrical boundary conditions at one end of the metal rubber buffer device in the longitudinal length direction and one end of the metal rubber buffer device in the transverse length direction; when the finite element model adopts a 1/4 physical model, the symmetrical boundary condition of one end of the metal rubber buffer device in the transverse width direction is cancelled when horizontal shearing displacement is applied.
11. A metal rubber buffer device obtained by the method for optimizing the structure of the metal rubber buffer device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, comprising a first metal frame (1) and a second metal frame (2), wherein the first metal frame (1) is embedded in the second metal frame (2), a rubber member (3) is arranged between the outer peripheral wall of the first metal frame (1) and the inner peripheral wall of the second metal frame (2), and an X-shaped rubber block (4) is arranged between the outer bottom wall of the first metal frame (1) and the inner bottom wall of the second metal frame (2).
12. The metal rubber buffer device according to claim 11, wherein the X-shaped rubber block (4) comprises a rectangular rubber block (41), a first trapezoidal rubber block (42), a second trapezoidal rubber block (43), a third trapezoidal rubber block (44) and a fourth trapezoidal rubber block (45), the first trapezoidal rubber block (42) and the second trapezoidal rubber block (43) are symmetrically arranged at upper portions of two sidewalls of the rectangular rubber block (41), and the third trapezoidal rubber block (44) and the fourth trapezoidal rubber block (45) are symmetrically arranged at lower portions of two sidewalls of the rectangular rubber block (41).
13. The metal rubber buffer according to claim 12, wherein the first trapezoidal rubber block (42), the second trapezoidal rubber block (43), the third trapezoidal rubber block (44) and the fourth trapezoidal rubber block (45) are right-angled trapezoids, the right-angled waist of the first trapezoidal rubber block (42) and the second trapezoidal rubber block (43) is on the same horizontal plane as the upper top surface of the rectangular rubber block (41), and the right-angled waist of the third trapezoidal rubber block (44) and the fourth trapezoidal rubber block (45) is on the same horizontal plane as the lower bottom surface of the rectangular rubber block (41).
14. The metal rubber buffer device as claimed in claim 12, wherein the upper top surface and/or the lower bottom surface of the X-shaped rubber block (4) is provided with a thin rubber pad (6), and the length of any edge of the thin rubber pad (6) is larger than that of the upper top surface and/or the lower bottom surface of the X-shaped rubber block (4).
15. The metal-rubber buffer according to claim 14, wherein the ratio of the lateral width of the rectangular rubber block (41) to the lateral width of the thin rubber pad (6) is 1/3 or less.
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