CN112800648B - Structural design method of tank body of light oil tank truck based on fluid-solid coupling effect in collision - Google Patents
Structural design method of tank body of light oil tank truck based on fluid-solid coupling effect in collision Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a structural design method of a light oil tank truck tank body based on fluid-solid coupling effect in collision, which takes a GQ70 light oil tank truck as a research object and applies Creo3.0 software to model the structural tank body, a traction sleeper and a k6 bogie of the tank truck; respectively carrying out statics analysis on the tank truck under empty and heavy truck conditions by using ANSYS Workbench 19.0 software; the property of the tank truck when the flat crossing is impacted by the side of the truck under the condition of empty vehicle running is studied by using ANSYS Workbench 19.0; under the condition of heavy vehicle, the tank truck is impacted by the side face of the truck at the level crossing, the tank body and the tank fluid can generate mutual coupling action, and a designed three-dimensional geometric model of the tank truck is built. The invention improves the safety of the railway tank car, and the wave baffle plate can also play a certain supporting role on the tank body to absorb part of impact energy through self deformation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of traffic, in particular to a structural design method of a tank body of a light oil tank truck based on fluid-solid coupling effect in collision.
Background
From the current state of research on tank trucks at home and abroad, the research on railway tank trucks is mainly focused on static strength analysis and fluid sloshing analysis, and the research on the crashworthiness of the tank trucks is relatively less, but the fluid-solid coupling analysis in the collision process of the tank trucks is not reported yet. Because most of the railway tank trucks transport dangerous goods such as inflammable and explosive, the safety of the tank trucks in the running process is very important. With the progress of railway safety technology, the accident rate of the railway tank car gradually decreases, but in actual operation, due to the uncertainty factors such as equipment faults, human misoperation, natural environment mutation and the like, the collision accident of the railway tank car cannot be completely avoided, and once the tank car collides, dangerous goods in the tank body are easy to leak, so that serious casualties and property loss are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a structural design method of a tank body of a light oil tank truck based on fluid-solid coupling effect in collision, which is used for carrying out simulation analysis on collision accidents of the railway tank truck at a level crossing and a highway truck, designing a tank body structure, researching the structural strength of the tank truck from two aspects of static strength and side collision performance, comprehensively considering the influence of collision and fluid-solid coupling on the tank truck structure, improving the safety of the railway tank truck, reducing personnel and property loss, having certain theoretical significance and engineering practical value and being capable of solving the problems raised in the background technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the structural design method of the tank body of the light oil tank truck based on the fluid-solid coupling effect in collision comprises the following steps:
step 1: taking a GQ70 type light oil tank truck as a research object, and modeling the structural tank body, the traction sleeper and the k6 bogie of the tank truck by using Creo3.0 software;
step 2: respectively carrying out statics analysis on the tank truck under the empty and heavy truck conditions by using ANSYS Workbench 19.0 software to obtain equivalent stress and equivalent strain cloud pictures of statics simulation results under the empty and heavy truck conditions, and comparing the statics analysis results of the tank truck under the empty and heavy truck conditions;
step 3: the method comprises the steps of using ANSYS Workbench 19.0 to study the performance of a tank truck when the tank truck is impacted by the side surface of a truck at a level crossing under the condition of empty vehicle operation, and studying the influence of two factors of collision quality and collision speed on the maximum equivalent stress of the tank body to obtain a collision rule;
step 4: under the condition of heavy vehicle, the tank truck is impacted by the side face of the truck at the level crossing, the tank body and the tank fluid can generate mutual coupling action, the fluid-solid coupling analysis is carried out on the tank truck, the fluid in the tank is simulated by adopting a smooth particle fluid dynamics (SPH) method, and the fluid-solid coupling is realized by adopting an SPH-FEM coupling theory;
step 5: the tank body is structurally designed, a foam aluminum sandwich structure is adopted in the tank body, and a wave baffle plate is additionally arranged in the tank body;
step 6: the method comprises the steps of establishing a designed three-dimensional geometric model of the tank truck, adding 10 wave baffle plates on the basis of an original tank truck, wherein the distance between the two plates is 1m, and analyzing by taking 10ms time at the early stage of collision, 26ms time at the later stage of collision and 150ms time at which collision separation occurs as characteristic time.
Further, the tank body comprises a cylinder body, an end socket and a manhole, wherein a safety valve is arranged at the top of the cylinder body, and a liquid collecting nest is arranged at the bottom of the cylinder body.
Further, in the step 2, the steps of carrying out statics analysis on the tank truck under the empty and heavy conditions are as follows:
the material setting: Q345A is adopted as a GQ70 type light oil tank truck tank material; the traction and bolster material adopts hot rolled 310B-type steel, and the bogie wheel material is low-carbon alloy steel;
contact arrangement: 1/4 of the tank truck is selected as an analysis model, and analysis of the tank truck structure proves that two contact areas exist in the calculation process, which are respectively: the tank body is arranged between the traction pillow and the bogie;
dividing grids: the tank truck model comprises a plurality of curved surfaces, so that tetrahedral grids are used for dividing, and the unit size of the tank body and the unit sizes of the traction pillow and the bogie are limited to obtain an integral grid division model of the tank truck;
boundary condition setting: empty boundary conditions: setting the gravity acceleration and the pressure in the tank.
Further, the step 3 of researching the performance of the tank truck under the condition of the empty vehicle running when the flat crossing is impacted by the side of the truck comprises the following steps:
building a three-dimensional geometric model: the three-dimensional geometric model of the truck and the ground is established by using Creo3.0 software, and the whole truck model is used for analysis;
contact arrangement: railway tank cars are mainly divided into two cases when they are impacted at a level crossing: one is that the middle part of the truck and the tank body directly collides, the other is that the truck and the tank car are in traction and sleeper collision, if the most dangerous area can meet the requirements, other parts can also meet the requirements, analysis on the collision process shows that the collision simulation comprises 5 contact pairs, wherein all parts of the tank car are in fixed contact; the tank car, the truck and the ground are in sliding contact; the truck and the tank truck are in sliding contact;
dividing grids: in collision simulation, the tank body is set as a shell unit, and other parts still use a solid unit;
boundary condition setting: the side impact speed of the truck is set.
Further, the step of carrying out fluid-solid coupling analysis on the tank truck under the heavy truck condition in the step 4 is as follows:
building a geometric model of the heavy vehicle: the tank car finite element model under the condition of heavy car and empty car are structurally added with part of fluid in the tank, and the rest settings are the same;
defining material properties and state equations for the fluid: in LS-DYNA, the material model of the fluid is typically defined using a mat_null key;
dividing grids: and modifying the model file by LS-Prepost 4.3 software to construct the SPH particles.
Further, the foamed aluminum sandwich structure in the step 5 is composed of two thinner face layers and a light foamed aluminum core plate with a thicker middle.
Further, the step of performing collision fluid-solid coupling analysis on the newly built tank truck model in the step 6 is as follows:
the two are connected in a joint mode, the shell unit is used for simulating the foamed aluminum sandwich structure, the positions and the number of integration points in the thickness direction of the tank body are required to be manually specified, different material properties are given to the integration points of different layers, and meanwhile, the lamination theory of the shell unit is required to be opened for calculation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the influence of collision on the tank car structure is comprehensively considered, and the safety of the railway tank car is improved.
2. The influence of fluid-solid coupling on the tank car structure is comprehensively considered, and the safety of the railway tank car is improved.
3. According to the foam aluminum sandwich structure designed according to the simulation result, the foam aluminum sandwich panel overcomes the defect of insufficient strength of a pure foam aluminum material, and simultaneously has a plurality of good characteristics of the foam aluminum material, such as low relative density, light weight, large specific surface area, good damping performance and good vibration reduction and impact resistance.
4. According to the wave baffle plate designed according to the simulation result, when the tank truck collides, the tank body is affected by the truck to obviously reduce the speed, but the speed loss of the fluid in the tank is very small, the mismatching of the speeds of the tank body and the tank body causes the fluid to shake greatly, the instability of the tank truck is increased, the wave baffle plate is increased, the stress of the tank body is more uniform, and the impact of fluid goods on the tank body is reduced. In addition, the wave baffle can also play a certain supporting role on the tank body, and part of impact energy is absorbed through self deformation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a model of an empty structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a representation of a heavy truck construction model in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a prototype tank of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a can body of the foamed aluminum sandwich structure of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a wave shield according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a wave shield according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The structural design method of the tank body of the light oil tank truck based on the fluid-solid coupling effect in collision comprises the following steps:
step 1: GQ70 type light oil tank truck is taken as a research object, and the main structure tank body 1, traction pillow and k6 bogie of the tank truck are modeled by using Creo3.0 software: the tank body 1 mainly comprises a cylinder body, a sealing head, a manhole and other structures. Wherein, the cylinder top is equipped with the relief valve, and the bottom is equipped with gathers liquid nest. The safety valve is used for controlling the pressure in the tank, the liquid collecting nest is arranged to facilitate the discharge of oil, and the pressure collecting nest and the liquid collecting nest belong to an auxiliary structure, have small structural size and have little influence on the overall structure of the tank body, so that modeling of the tank body is omitted;
step 2: the tank car was subjected to statics analysis under empty and heavy conditions using ANSYS Workbench 19.0 software, respectively. And obtaining equivalent stress and equivalent strain cloud pictures of the statics simulation results under the empty and heavy conditions, and comparing the statics analysis results of the tank trucks under the empty and heavy conditions. It can be seen that the maximum equivalent stress values of the tank body under the empty (fig. 1) and heavy (fig. 2) conditions are quite close and all occur at the manhole, which means that the liquid in the tank does not affect the maximum equivalent stress of the tank body. For the whole vehicle, the liquid increases the maximum equivalent stress of the whole vehicle, and the position of the maximum stress is caused to appear on the side support tube of the traction pillow. The greater the influence of the fluid in the tank on the structure of the tank body, the greater the influence of the fluid on the tank body is as the tank bottom is approached.
The method for carrying out statics analysis on the tank truck under empty and heavy truck conditions comprises the following steps:
the material setting: Q345A is adopted as a GQ70 type light oil tank truck tank material; the traction and bolster material is hot rolled 310B-type steel with the brand of YQ450NQR1; the bogie wheel material is low carbon alloy steel.
Contact arrangement: in the static simulation, 1/4 of the tank truck is selected as an analysis model in consideration of symmetry of the structure of the model and the load born by the model. Analysis of the tank car structure shows that two contact areas exist in the calculation process, which are respectively: the tank body 1 is arranged between the traction pillow and the bogie.
Dividing grids: the tank car model comprises a plurality of curved surfaces, so that tetrahedral grids are used for dividing, and the unit size of the tank body and the unit sizes of the traction pillow and the bogie are limited, so that the whole tank car grid division model is obtained.
Boundary condition setting: (1) empty boundary conditions: setting the gravity acceleration and the pressure in the tank. Furthermore, there is a constraint on the tangent line at the bottom of the wheels, irrespective of the effect of the tank truck on the ground and the rail. Constraint of the wheel bottom: analysis of the constraint of the wheel bottom reveals that two boundary conditions are included here, one being the displacement constraint of the bottom tangent in the X and Y directions and the other being the fixed constraint near the tangent end point on the inside of the wheel. The two boundary conditions are set because thermal expansion deformation of the wheels in the Z direction is eliminated along with the operation of the tank car, so that the Z-direction displacement of the tangent line is not limited, but the end point of the tangent line on the inner side of the wheels is restrained by the rail, and therefore, fixed restraint is added at the end point. (2) heavy vehicle boundary conditions: under heavy conditions, the effect of the liquid in the tank on the tank car structure needs to be considered in addition to all boundary conditions during simulation of empty cars. And the thermodynamic coupling simulation analysis under the heavy vehicle condition is realized by adopting a mode of loading still water pressure. And (3) selecting diesel oil under the standard condition for filling, and setting a filling volume, a diesel oil density, a gravity acceleration, the total mass of the filled diesel oil and a liquid level.
Step 3: the performance of the tank truck when the tank truck is impacted by the side surface of the truck at the level crossing under the condition of the empty vehicle running is researched by using ANSYS Workbench 19.0, and the influence of two factors of collision quality and collision speed on the maximum equivalent stress of the tank body 1 is researched to obtain a collision rule. The part of the truck, which impacts the tank truck, is divided into a direct impact tank body and an impact traction pillow, and the results of the direct impact tank body and the impact traction pillow are very different, so that the direct impact tank truck and the impact traction pillow are respectively analyzed. And analyzing the change condition of each parameter of the model on the whole time history by taking 4ms in the collision process and 100ms in the collision separation process as characteristic moments to obtain a displacement change cloud chart, an equivalent stress distribution condition and a system energy change chart of the tank car. The comparison analysis is carried out on the impact tank body 1 and the impact traction pillow of the truck, so that (1) the maximum equivalent stress value of the tank body 1 is rapidly increased when the truck directly impacts the tank body 1 within 0-4 ms. Because the traction pillow has a certain protection effect on the tank body 1, under the condition that a truck impacts the traction pillow, the maximum equivalent stress of the tank body 1 is smaller than that of the tank body 1 directly. (2) In the case of a truck striking the tank 1 directly within 4-100 ms, the maximum equivalent stress of the tank 1 continues to increase. In contrast, the car crash traction pillow does not cause an excessive increase in the maximum equivalent stress of the tank 1 during this period. This is because the traction pillow has a good protective effect on the tank 1, and a large amount of impact energy is offset. (3) In the case where the collision position occurs in the can 1 within 100 to 200ms, the maximum equivalent stress of the can 1 gradually decreases and tends to be stable. This is because the truck is separated from the tank 1 and the collision process has ended.
The method comprises the following steps of researching the performance of the tank truck under the condition of empty vehicle running when the flat crossing is impacted by the side of the truck:
building a three-dimensional geometric model: three-dimensional geometric models of trucks and the ground were built using Creo3.0 software. Since the load born by the tank truck in the side collision is not symmetrical, the whole truck model is required to be used for analysis.
Contact arrangement: railway tank cars are mainly divided into two cases when they are impacted at a level crossing: one is that the truck collides with the middle part of the tank body 1 directly, and the other is that the truck collides with the traction pillow of the tank truck. If the most dangerous area is satisfactory, other locations may also be satisfactory. Analysis of the collision course revealed that 5 contact pairs were included in the collision simulation. Wherein, each part of the tank car is in fixed contact; the tank car, the truck and the ground are in sliding contact; the truck and the tank truck are in sliding contact.
Dividing grids: in the collision simulation, in order to improve the calculation accuracy and effectively improve the calculation efficiency, it is necessary to set the tank 1 as a shell unit, and the remaining parts still use a solid unit.
Boundary condition setting: the side impact speed of the truck is set.
Step 4: under the condition of heavy vehicle, the tank truck is impacted by the side of the truck at the level crossing, and the tank body 1 and the tank fluid can be mutually coupled, so that fluid-solid coupling analysis is needed for the tank truck. Fluid in the tank is simulated by adopting a smooth particle fluid dynamics (SPH) method, fluid-solid coupling is realized by adopting an SPH-FEM coupling theory, and software is ANSYS Workbench 19.0 and LS-Prepost 4.3. The part of the truck, which impacts the tank truck, is divided into a direct impact tank body and an impact traction pillow, and the results of the direct impact tank body and the impact traction pillow are very different, so that the direct impact tank truck and the impact traction pillow are respectively analyzed. The characteristic moments of the pre-crash 10ms moment, the mid-crash 50ms moment, the final crash 150ms moment and the crash separation 200ms moment are taken for analysis, and the change condition of each parameter of the model over the whole time history is analyzed. And obtaining a displacement change cloud picture, a displacement cloud picture, a deformation cloud picture, an equivalent stress distribution cloud picture and a system energy change picture of fluid in the tank. The side collision performance of a heavy vehicle is very different from that of an empty vehicle due to the consideration of the action of fluid-solid coupling. And comparing simulation analysis results of the empty and the heavy vehicles. Simulation analysis and comparison of the middle part of the truck impact tank body 1: the variation of the two can be divided into two phases: (1) within 0-100 ms, the maximum equivalent stress of the empty tank body 1 and the heavy tank body 1 have similar growth trend, and the equivalent stress of the empty tank body 1 even exceeds that of the heavy tank before 20 ms. This is because, at the initial moment of collision, the truck hits the tank 1 to cause the tank to deform, and when the tank truck is heavy, the tank fluid counteracts part of the impact force, so that the deformation amount of the tank 1 is reduced, and therefore, the maximum equivalent stress of the empty tank is greater than that of the heavy tank, just before the collision occurs for 20 ms. After 20ms, the maximum equivalent stress of the heavy truck starts to be higher than that of the empty truck, with accompanying wave motion, due to the continuous contact of the truck with the tank 1. This is because the collision causes sloshing of the fluid in the tank, and the stability of the tank truck is lowered; (2) the equivalent stress of the heavy truck tank body is rapidly increased to about 2000MPa within 100-200 ms, and even if the equivalent stress is reduced to about 1000MPa after 165ms, the equivalent stress is still far greater than that of an empty truck. In the time period, the equivalent stress of the empty tank body is rapidly reduced to about 280 MPa. Simulation analysis and comparison of truck impact traction pillow: in the simulation process of 0-200 ms, the maximum equivalent stress of the empty and heavy tank bodies is quite huge, and the change conditions of the two tank bodies can be divided into two stages: (1) both increases consistently from 0 to about 190MPa over 0 to 4 ms. This is because the truck impacts on the traction bolster, and within 4ms the tank fluid is not yet affected by the impact, so the two rules are similar. (2) The equivalent stress of the heavy truck tank body is rapidly increased within 4-200 ms, even the stress concentration phenomenon occurs at 38ms, the pressure reaches 2448.4MPa, and the pressure is basically stabilized at about 1200 MPa. The maximum equivalent stress of the empty tank body is maintained relatively stable within the time period and is about 140 MPa. This is because the heavy truck is bumped and the bogie and the traction bolster vibrate to a large extent, which results in stress concentration of the tank.
And (3) carrying out fluid-solid coupling analysis on the tank truck under the heavy truck condition:
building a geometric model of the heavy vehicle: the tank car finite element model under the condition of heavy car and empty car structurally increase the part of fluid in the tank, and the rest settings are the same.
Defining material properties and state equations for the fluid: in LS-DYNA, the material model of the fluid is typically defined using a mat_null key. Form of the state equation: p=c 0 +C 1 μ+C 2 μ 2 +C 3 μ 3 +(C 4 +C 5 μ+C 6 μ 2 ) E, wherein: c (C) 0 ,C 1 ,C 2 ,C 3 ,C 4 ,C 5 ,C 6 Is a constant; e is specific internal energy; if μ < 0, two items are set to C 2 μ 2 ,C 6 μ 2 0, wherein
Dividing grids: and modifying the model file by LS-Prepost 4.3 software to construct the SPH particles. SPH particles are generated using Sph generation interface commands. The dividing method selects a grid center, inputs the density of diesel oil in a Den column, and clicks Apply, accept and Done in sequence. Thus, fluid SPH particles were successfully created. Since the generated SPH particles collide with the original fluid grid, the original fluid grid needs to be deleted, and the corresponding keyword needs to be deleted in LS-prepest 4.3.
Solving: the definition is made in LS-prepest 4.3 using the control_sph key. The solution algorithm is set through the FORM option, and the form=5 is adopted, so that the solution algorithm is a fluid particle approximation algorithm, has higher solution efficiency while ensuring the precision, and is particularly suitable for fluid in a simulated tank truck. The SPH-FEM coupling algorithm is essentially a contact algorithm in which SPH particles are considered as a special node element. The SPH particles and FEM apply the force of the particles to the finite element surface by a penalty function, so SPH-FEM coupling uses a point-to-surface contact approach. The LS-DYNA is defined using the key contact_auto_nodes_to_surface. It should be noted that SPH particles should be defined as slave nodes and the area of the can where contact is likely to occur should be defined as the major face.
Step 5: the tank body 1 is structurally designed, the tank body 1 adopts a foamed aluminum sandwich structure (as shown in figure 4), and a wave baffle plate 2 is additionally arranged in the tank body 1.
Foamed aluminum sandwich structure: is composed of two layers of thinner surface layers and a light foamed aluminum core plate with thicker middle. In order to ensure the rigidity requirement of the tank body, the rigidity of the foamed aluminum sandwich structure tank body is larger than or equal to the structural rigidity of the tank body of the original tank truck. According to the basic principle of equal stiffness design, the bending stiffness coefficient (EI) of the section of the foamed aluminum sandwich structure tank body Clip The section bending rigidity coefficient (EI) of the tank body of the original tank truck is larger than or equal to Original source . The outer diameter D of the tank body is 3070mm, and the inner diameter D is 3050mm. The moment of inertia of the bending section of the prototype tank (fig. 3) is:
the section bending stiffness coefficient of the prototype tank is: (EI) Original source ＝E Steel and method for producing same I Original source ＝2.318×10 10 Ngm 2 . Wherein: e (E) Steel and method for producing same Modulus of elasticity of Q345, value 2.06X10 11 Pa. The middle core plate is made of foamed aluminum material, and the inner and outer panels are made of Q345 material. The bending stiffness coefficient (EI) of the section of the foamed aluminum sandwich structure Clip For (EI) Clip ＝E Steel and method for producing same I Inner steel +E Bubble I Bubble +E Steel and method for producing same I Outer steel . Wherein: i Inner steel The bending-resistant section moment of inertia of the inner layer steel plate of the tank body with the sandwich structure is shown in mm4; i Inner steel The bending-resistant section moment of inertia of the middle foam aluminum core plate of the tank body with the sandwich structure is shown in mm4; i Outer steel Is a sandwichThe bending-resistant section moment of inertia of the outer steel plate of the structural tank body is in mm4; e (E) Bubble The elastic modulus of the foamed aluminum material is 1.2 multiplied by 10 10 Pa。
The thickness of the inner panel and the outer panel is set to be the same, t is set, and the thickness of the foamed aluminum core plate is set to be m. The inner diameter d of the tank body is 3050mm because the inner cavity of the tank body is kept unchanged. The moment of inertia of the bending section of each layer is:
wherein: t is the thickness of the inner and outer panels of the foamed aluminum sandwich structure tank body, and the unit is mm; m is the thickness of the middle foam aluminum sandwich panel of the foam aluminum sandwich structure tank body, and the unit is mm. As the limit of the railway wagon is 3400mm and the outer diameter of the tank body of the prototype tank car is 3070mm, the invention properly thickens the wall of the tank in the study and sets the outer diameter of the tank body to 3090mm. The thickness t of the steel plates of the inner layer and the outer layer of the tank body is 5mm, the thickness m of the foamed aluminum core plate is 10mm, and then: i Inner steel ＝5.598×10 10 ；I Bubble ＝1.136×10 11 ；I Outer steel ＝5.765×10 10 、(EI) Clip ＝E Steel and method for producing same I Inner steel +E Bubble I Bubble +E Steel and method for producing same I Outer steel ＝2.48×10 10 >(EI) Original source ＝2.318×10 10 Therefore, the foamed aluminum sandwich structure tank body designed by the invention meets the basic principle of equal rigidity design. The material of the outer layer of the tank body is Q345, and the thickness is 5mm; the core layer is made of foamed aluminum and has the thickness of 10mm; the inner layer material was Q345 and had a thickness of 5mm.
The design of the wave baffle 2: (1) number of wave baffle plates 2: in order to reduce the influence of the mass of the wave baffle plates 2 on the tank car as much as possible, 10 wave baffle plates 2 are additionally arranged, and the distance between the two wave baffle plates is 1m. (2) mounting position of the wave baffle 2: when the filling coefficient of the tank truck is greater than 0.7, the wave baffle plate 2 is arranged at the top of the tank body 1, so that a better wave baffle effect can be achieved, and the wave baffle plate is arranged at the position on the tank truck. (3) a wave blocking plate shape: referring to the wave deflector 2 (figures 5 and 6) currently used in road tankers,s1 is the upper arc-shaped area of the wave baffle, S2 is the area of the wave baffle, and S3 is the lower arc-shaped area of the wave baffle. The more concentrated the effective area of the wave baffle plate in the tank car is, the more effective impact force can be relieved, and the better wave baffle effect is. In addition, in order to facilitate the maintenance operation of personnel in the tank body, the area of S3 is ensured to be as large as possible, so the invention adopts the first wave baffle shape as the designed basic shape. And (4) designing the size of the baffle plate: the total cross section area of the tank body is set as S,
wherein: s is the total area of the cross section of the body, and the unit is mm2; s1 is the arch area of the upper part of the wave baffle plate, and the unit is mm2; s2 is the area of the wave baffle plate, and the unit is mm2. According to basic design requirements, the liquid level height in full load is considered, and personnel can more conveniently carry out maintenance operation, wherein the arched area S1 of the upper part of the wave baffle plate is 1.016 multiplied by 105mm < 2 >, and the arched area S accounts for 1.391 percent of the total sectional area of the tank body, so that the requirements are met; the area S2 of the wave baffle plate is 5.333 multiplied by 106mm < 2 >, and occupies 72.994% of the total sectional area of the tank body, thereby meeting the requirements; the arc-shaped area S3 of the lower part of the wave baffle is 1.871 multiplied by 106mm < 2 >, the distance between the bottom surface of the wave baffle and the bottom of the tank body is 925mm, and people can perform daily maintenance through the lower part.
Step 6: and (3) establishing a designed three-dimensional geometric model of the tank truck, and adding 10 wave baffle plates on the basis of the original tank truck, wherein the distance between the two plates is 1m. The analysis was performed taking as characteristic moments the 10ms moment in the early stage of the collision, the 26ms moment in the late stage of the collision, and the 150ms moment at which the collision separation occurs. And analyzing the variation of each parameter of the model over the whole time course. The method is divided into an empty car and a heavy car to obtain a displacement change cloud picture of the tank car, a displacement cloud picture of fluid in the tank, a deformation cloud picture, an equivalent stress distribution cloud picture and a system energy change picture. And comparing tank simulation analysis results before and after optimization, and checking the optimization effect. The comparison of the maximum equivalent stress of the empty tank before and after optimization shows that the change rules of the empty tank and the empty tank are similar, and the maximum equivalent stress of the empty tank is subjected to three stages of rising, stabilizing and descending in 200 ms. Because the tank body after optimizing has certain energy-absorbing effect to the wave baffle in the tank has the supporting effect to the tank body, consequently the structural strength of the tank body greatly increased, the deflection that the truck collision caused to the tank body reduces, so the collision contact time of truck and tank car shortens, and the collision of truck and tank car has been ended when 28ms to the tank car after optimizing, but former tank car is just ended when 100ms to the collision. From the value of equivalent stress, the maximum equivalent stress value of the tank body of the original tank truck within 200ms is 1057.2MPa, and the maximum equivalent stress value of the tank body after optimization is 333.69MPa, so that 68.4% is reduced, and the optimization scheme of the invention is very effective in guaranteeing the safety of the tank body under the empty condition. As can be seen from the comparison of the maximum equivalent stress of the tank body of the heavy truck before and after optimization, under the condition of heavy truck, obvious difference appears in the law of the tank body and the tank body, especially in 25-75 ms, the optimized tank body has a certain energy absorption effect, the wave baffle plate in the tank has a supporting effect on the tank body, the end stage of collision is already entered at the moment, the maximum equivalent stress value of the tank body is about 100MPa at the moment, but the original tank truck in the stage is in the middle stage of collision, and the maximum equivalent stress of the tank body continuously increases due to collision. From the value of equivalent stress, the maximum equivalent stress value of the tank body of the original tank truck within 200ms is 2820.74MPa, the maximum equivalent stress value of the tank body after optimization is 1220.0MPa, and the yield strength of the material is reduced by 56.7%, namely the tank body is still exceeded at the moment, and the damage condition still occurs. Finally, the conclusion is obtained: the following conclusions were drawn: when an 8t truck impacts the middle part of the optimized empty car tank body at the speed of 20km/h, the maximum equivalent stress of the tank body is 333.69MPa, and is reduced by 68.4% compared with the tank body before optimization; under the heavy vehicle condition, the maximum equivalent stress of the tank body after optimization is 1220MPa, which is reduced by 56.7% compared with that before optimization.
And carrying out collision fluid-solid coupling analysis on the newly established tank truck model:
the three-dimensional geometric model is built and the contact setting is the same as before. However, as the wave baffle is added in the tank truck, the connection mode between the wave baffle and the tank body needs to be considered. Because the tank body and the wave baffle plate are both simulated by adopting the shell unit, and in order to avoid the problem of contact failure under the accidental condition, the tank body and the wave baffle plate are connected by adopting a common node mode. The shell unit is used for simulating the foamed aluminum sandwich structure, the positions and the number of integration points in the thickness direction of the tank body are required to be manually specified, different material properties are given to the integration points of different layers, and meanwhile, the lamination theory of opening the shell unit is required to be calculated. This operation is not currently implemented in ANSYS Workbench 19.0, and requires the model file to be imported into LS-prepest 4.3 for key modification. In LS-prepest 4.3, the invention relates to 4 keywords in defining the laminated SHELL unit, namely mat_composition_damage, interval_shell, part_composition and control_shell.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention by making equivalents and modifications to the technical solution and the inventive concept thereof.
Claims (7)
1. The structural design method of the tank body of the light oil tank truck based on the fluid-solid coupling effect in collision is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: taking a GQ70 type light oil tank truck as a research object, and modeling the structural tank body (1), a traction sleeper and a k6 bogie of the tank truck by using Creo3.0 software;
step 2: respectively carrying out statics analysis on the tank truck under the empty and heavy truck conditions by using ANSYS Workbench 19.0 software to obtain equivalent stress and equivalent strain cloud pictures of statics simulation results under the empty and heavy truck conditions, and comparing the statics analysis results of the tank truck under the empty and heavy truck conditions;
step 3: the performance of the tank truck when the side impact of the truck is applied to a level crossing under the condition of the empty vehicle running is researched by using ANSYS Workbench 19.0, and the influence of two factors of collision quality and collision speed on the maximum equivalent stress of the tank body (1) is researched to obtain a collision rule;
step 4: under the condition of heavy vehicle, the tank truck is impacted by the side face of the truck at the level crossing, the tank body (1) and the tank fluid can generate mutual coupling action, the fluid-solid coupling analysis is carried out on the tank truck, the fluid in the tank is simulated by adopting a smooth particle fluid dynamics (SPH) method, and the fluid-solid coupling is realized by adopting an SPH-FEM coupling theory;
step 5: the structure of the tank body (1) is designed, the tank body (1) adopts a foam aluminum sandwich structure, and a wave baffle plate (2) is additionally arranged in the tank body (1);
step 6: and (3) establishing a designed three-dimensional geometric model of the tank truck, adding 10 wave baffle plates (2) on the basis of the original tank truck, wherein the distance between the two plates is 1m, and analyzing by taking the 10ms moment in the early stage of collision, the 26ms moment in the later stage of collision and the 150ms moment in the collision separation as characteristic moments.
2. The structural design method of the tank body of the light oil tank truck based on the fluid-solid coupling effect in collision according to claim 1, wherein the tank body (1) comprises a cylinder body, a sealing head and a manhole, wherein a safety valve is arranged at the top of the cylinder body, and a liquid collecting pit is arranged at the bottom of the cylinder body.
3. The structural design method of the tank body of the light oil tank truck based on the fluid-solid coupling effect in collision according to claim 1, wherein the step of carrying out statics analysis on the tank truck under empty and heavy truck conditions in the step 2 is as follows:
the material setting: Q345A is adopted as a GQ70 type light oil tank truck tank material; the traction and bolster material adopts hot rolled 310B-type steel, and the bogie wheel material is low-carbon alloy steel;
contact arrangement: 1/4 of the tank truck is selected as an analysis model, and analysis of the tank truck structure proves that two contact areas exist in the calculation process, which are respectively: the tank body is arranged between the traction pillow and the bogie;
dividing grids: the tank truck model comprises a plurality of curved surfaces, so that tetrahedral grids are used for dividing, and the unit size of the tank body and the unit sizes of the traction pillow and the bogie are limited to obtain an integral grid division model of the tank truck;
boundary condition setting: empty boundary conditions: setting the gravity acceleration and the pressure in the tank.
4. The structural design method of the tank body of the light oil tank truck based on the fluid-solid coupling effect in collision according to claim 1, wherein the step of researching the performance of the tank truck when the road junction is impacted by the side of the truck under the condition of empty running in the step 3 is as follows:
building a three-dimensional geometric model: the three-dimensional geometric model of the truck and the ground is established by using Creo3.0 software, and the whole truck model is used for analysis;
contact arrangement: railway tank cars are mainly divided into two cases when they are impacted at a level crossing: one is that the middle part of the truck and the tank body directly collides, the other is that the truck and the tank car are in traction and sleeper collision, if the most dangerous area can meet the requirements, other parts can also meet the requirements, analysis on the collision process shows that the collision simulation comprises 5 contact pairs, wherein all parts of the tank car are in fixed contact; the tank car, the truck and the ground are in sliding contact; the truck and the tank truck are in sliding contact;
dividing grids: in collision simulation, the tank body is set as a shell unit, and other parts still use a solid unit;
boundary condition setting: the side impact speed of the truck is set.
5. The structural design method of the tank body of the light oil tank truck based on the fluid-solid coupling effect in collision according to claim 1, wherein the step of performing fluid-solid coupling analysis on the tank truck under the heavy truck condition in the step 4 is as follows:
building a geometric model of the heavy vehicle: the tank car finite element model under the condition of heavy car and empty car are structurally added with part of fluid in the tank, and the rest settings are the same;
defining material properties and state equations for the fluid: in LS-DYNA, the material model of the fluid is typically defined using a mat_null key;
dividing grids: and modifying the model file by LS-Prepost 4.3 software to construct the SPH particles.
6. The structural design method of the tank body of the light oil tank truck based on the fluid-solid coupling effect in collision according to claim 1, wherein the foamed aluminum sandwich structure in the step 5 is composed of two thinner face layers and a light foamed aluminum core plate with thicker middle.
7. The structural design method of the tank body of the light oil tank truck based on the fluid-solid coupling effect in collision according to claim 1, wherein the step of performing the fluid-solid coupling analysis of the collision by the newly built tank truck model in the step 6 is as follows:
the two are connected in a joint mode, the shell unit is used for simulating the foamed aluminum sandwich structure, the positions and the number of integration points in the thickness direction of the tank body are required to be manually specified, different material properties are given to the integration points of different layers, and meanwhile, the lamination theory of the shell unit is required to be opened for calculation.
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