CN112896220B - Segmented guide control type energy absorption pipe and energy absorption method thereof - Google Patents
Segmented guide control type energy absorption pipe and energy absorption method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112896220B CN112896220B CN202110302958.6A CN202110302958A CN112896220B CN 112896220 B CN112896220 B CN 112896220B CN 202110302958 A CN202110302958 A CN 202110302958A CN 112896220 B CN112896220 B CN 112896220B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
- B61F19/00—Wheel guards; Bumpers; Obstruction removers or the like
- B61F19/04—Bumpers or like collision guards
Abstract
A segmented guide type energy absorption pipe is characterized by comprising a guide section, a transition section and a circular pipe with a uniform section, wherein the guide section is connected with the transition section; the transition section is connected with the circular tube with the equal cross section; the guide section is arranged at one end of the transition section; the circular tube with the uniform cross section is arranged at the other end of the transition section, and the cross section of the guide section is in a regular triangle shape, a square shape, a regular hexagon shape or a circular shape; alternatively, the guide section has a folded structure; the transition section is in one end with the geometrical smooth connection of guide section, the transition section is in the other end with the geometrical smooth connection of constant cross-section pipe. According to the invention, the problem that the energy absorption pipe in the prior art can only improve specific energy absorption in a single direction or only reduce peak force but cause low load efficiency can be solved, so that in the energy absorption structure at the end part of the rail vehicle body, the passive safety protection performance of the vehicle can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an energy absorption device for absorbing huge energy generated in the collision process of a rail vehicle, in particular to a segmented guide control type energy absorption pipe, and belongs to the technical field of passive safety of rail vehicles.
Background
When the rail vehicle is in a collision accident, huge energy is generated, and the transmission and dissipation mode of the energy directly influences the life safety of passengers. With the continuous improvement of the running speed per hour of the rail vehicle, the requirement on the passive safety performance of the rail vehicle is higher and higher.
As a passive safety guard device widely used to cope with train collisions, energy absorbing pipes are mainly distributed at the front end of a head car and at both ends of a middle car of a railway vehicle. The energy absorption pipe in the prior art is generally a thin-wall metal pipe structure, and the main principle is to absorb impact energy generated during train collision through plastic deformation so as to guarantee the life safety of passengers. The deformation modes of the thin-walled metal tube are mainly classified into a progressive fold deformation mode, an euler deformation mode, and a mixed deformation mode in which progressive fold deformation and euler deformation exist simultaneously. Further, the progressive folding deformation mode includes an accordion mode and a diamond mode. The progressive folding deformation mode is used as an effective energy-absorbing deformation mode and is mainly characterized in that the compression force is relatively stable.
Generally, as key indexes for evaluating the collision energy absorption characteristics of thin-walled metal pipes in the prior art, there are mainly:
1) initial peak force (F)max) The higher the value of the peak force, the larger the acceleration peak value generated at the beginning of the collision, the higher the damage to the passenger, the larger the peak force means that the passenger can bear larger acceleration impact, and the peak value should be reduced or eliminated as much as possible;
2) specific Energy Absorption (SEA), i.e., the energy absorbed by a unit mass in a structure, a larger value indicates a higher energy absorption capability of the structure; the more energy is absorbed, the better the energy absorption effect is;
3) load efficiency (CFE), i.e. the ratio of the average collision force to the peak force under limited collision compression displacement, the thin-wall metal tube needs to absorb more energy and reduce the peak force as much as possible during collision, so the higher the load efficiency, the better the energy absorption effect.
CN104462731A discloses a sinusoidal corrugated energy absorption pipe, which effectively reduces the peak force when the energy absorption pipe bears impact load, but compared with the traditional straight pipe, the peak force is reduced.
US4,877,224A add a corrugated texture to a plain round tube to reduce the initial impact load at the expense of specific energy absorption.
CN202764894 discloses a bionic energy-absorbing tube with a bamboo-like structure, which adds a bamboo-like structure such as a constraining wall and a constraining beam in a circular tube to significantly improve the specific energy absorption of the energy-absorbing tube, but the peak force is not improved compared with the common circular tube.
In the prior art, the bellows or the folded energy absorbing structure has a corrugated or folded structure, and is generally not segmented and has no geometric transition, and the cross section of the bellows or the folded energy absorbing structure is the same as that of the folded energy absorbing structure. Although the initial peak force Fmax can be reduced by the design in the prior art, the axial rigidity is reduced due to the folding or corrugation form, the specific energy absorption SEA and the load efficiency CFE are sacrificed, and the energy absorption potential of the material is not fully utilized.
In conclusion, the thin-wall metal energy absorption tube in the prior art is difficult to improve while giving consideration to the peak force and specific energy absorption of collision, and the potential safety hazard still exists when a collision accident occurs.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a sectional guide control type energy absorption pipe and an energy absorption method, wherein the sectional guide control type energy absorption pipe is more regular and orderly in crushing and folding in the collision process, and can solve the problem that the prior art energy absorption pipe only can unilaterally improve specific energy absorption or only reduces peak force but causes low load efficiency, so that in an energy absorption structure at the end part of a railway vehicle body, the passive safety protection performance of a vehicle can be improved.
To this end, according to one aspect of the present invention, a segmented guiding energy absorption tube is provided, wherein the energy absorption tube comprises a guiding segment, a transition segment, and a circular tube with uniform cross section in sequence, wherein the guiding segment is connected with the transition segment; the transition section is connected with the circular tube with the equal cross section; the guide section is arranged at one end of the transition section; and the circular tube with the uniform cross section is arranged at the other end of the transition section.
Preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the guide section is regular triangle, square, regular hexagon or circle; the transition section is in one end and the geometric smooth connection of guide section, in the other end with the geometric smooth connection of constant cross section pipe.
According to another aspect of the invention. The energy absorption method of the segmented guide type energy absorption pipe is characterized in that the energy absorption pipe is sequentially divided into a guide section, a transition section and a circular pipe with equal section; under the collision working condition, the energy absorption steps of the segmented guide control type energy absorption pipe are as follows in sequence:
1) the guide section orderly deforms according to a prefabricated folding structure to form a plastic hinge related to the section form;
2) forming a regular plastic hinge at the transition section with the rigidity changing in a gradient manner;
3) and finally, entering a compression stage of the circular tube with the equal section to finish energy absorption.
Preferably, a finite element model of the energy absorption pipe is established, and the initial peak force, load efficiency and specific energy absorption of the structure are analyzed by a numerical simulation method.
Preferably, the energy absorption characteristics of the common round pipe and the sectional type energy absorption pipe with the folding structure are comparatively analyzed; comparing and analyzing the energy absorption characteristics of the energy absorption pipes with different guide section cross section shapes; comparing and analyzing the energy absorption characteristics of the energy absorption pipes with different guide section cross-sectional sizes; comparing and analyzing the energy absorption characteristics of the energy absorption pipes with different transition section lengths; and comprehensively comparing the analysis results, balancing various energy absorption characteristic indexes, and determining the structural form and the design parameters of the segmented guide control type energy absorption pipe.
Preferably, the folding structure of the guide section is made of plates through welding; the transition section is manufactured by adopting a stamping process; the circular tube with the uniform cross section is a common standard structural member.
Preferably, the three parts are joined together using a welding process.
Compared with the energy absorption tube in the prior art, the energy absorption tube has the advantages that the peak force during collision is reduced while the specific energy absorption is improved, the circular tube is guided by the folding structure to fully and stably generate diamond-mode plastic deformation, the load is relatively uniform and stable, and the energy absorption characteristic of the energy absorption tube is effectively improved.
According to the invention, by adjusting the size parameter, the cross-sectional shape, the length of the transition section and other parameters of the folding structure, reasonable structural form and parameters can be optimally selected according to the collision scene, so as to realize the orderly guidance and dissipation of collision energy.
According to the invention, the collision energy and the structural deformation are guided in stages or stepwise in sections, wherein,
the most central function of the guide section in the first folding shape is to weaken the initial peak force Fmax in a force-displacement curve during collision so as to reduce the damage to the passenger caused by the violent change of the initial acceleration to the maximum extent;
the circular pipe section of the third section is a common circular pipe, so that the rigidity is relatively high and the cost is low;
the transition section of the middle section can be realized by a lofting function in CAD curved surface design, smooth transition from the guide sections with different section shapes (such as triangular, quadrangular, hexagonal and the like) to the circular section of the circular pipe section can be solved, and as a result, the section of the joint of the first section and the third section can have different forms of geometric profiles.
According to the invention, the initial peak force Fmax can be effectively reduced, while the specific energy absorption SEA and the load efficiency CFE can be maintained or even improved. According to the invention, in numerical simulation, compared with a common single cylindrical energy absorption pipe, the initial peak force Fmax can be reduced by at least 25% by changing design parameters, the initial peak force Fmax is basically equivalent to or slightly improved by about 5% compared with the energy absorption SEA, and the load efficiency CFE can be improved by about 17% to the maximum extent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a segmented energy absorbing tube with a folded configuration according to one embodiment of the present invention (the guide section is square in cross-section);
FIGS. 2A, 2B and 2C are schematic structural views of a segmented energy absorbing tube with a folding structure according to other embodiments of the invention (the cross section of the guide segment is regular triangle, regular hexagon or round);
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing force-displacement curves for a conventional round tube, K1 and K2 energy absorbing tubes;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing force versus displacement curves for a conventional round tube, K3 and K4 energy absorbing tubes;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing force versus displacement curves for energy absorbing tubes K1, K1-1, and K1-2;
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing force versus displacement curves for energy absorbing tubes K1, K1-3, and K1-4;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of the energy absorption process of the impact compression deformation of the energy absorbing tube K1-4, wherein reference numeral 1 indicates a fold of the plastic hinge formed by the energy absorbing tube K1-4;
FIG. 8 is a plan view of the K1-4 energy absorbing tube fold, numeral 2 indicating the plane of the quarter deployment of the K1-4 energy absorbing tube fold, and numeral 3 indicating the length of the hypotenuse at the right angle of the K1-4 energy absorbing tube fold.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a segmented energy absorbing tube with a folded structure (the guide section is square in cross section).
FIG. 1 is one embodiment of determining the overall structural form of an energy absorbing tube. In fig. 1, reference character a denotes a folded structure, called a "guide segment"; reference c denotes the main energy absorbing section, called "circle tube section"; reference character b denotes a connection portion of the folded structure and the circular tube, and a transition curved surface is generated from the sectional geometries of the sections a and b by a "lofting" method similar to three-dimensional modeling, and is called a "transition section".
The energy absorption pipe is integrally formed by combining the 3 parts from top to bottom. Further, reference symbol laIndicating the length of the guide section, reference lbThe length of the transition section is indicated by reference character lcIndicating the length of the tube, h the height of the guide section by one module, a1Indicating the side length of a small square in cross-section, reference character a2The side length of a large square in cross section is shown.
The section shape of the guide section can be changed under the condition of keeping the section perimeter of the guide section constant, for example, the section shape can be changed into a regular triangle (figure 2A), a regular hexagon (figure 2B) and a circle (figure 2C), and K2, K3 and K4 energy absorption tubes are respectively established.
Furthermore, the side length can be changed under the condition that the section shape of the guide section is kept unchanged, and the K1-1 and K1-2 energy absorption tubes are respectively established.
Furthermore, the length l can be changed under the condition of keeping the whole length of the energy absorption pipe unchangedbAnd lcRespectively establishing K1-3 and K1-4 energy absorption tubes.
Specifically, the dimensional parameters of the energy absorbing tubes according to the embodiments and comparative examples of the present invention are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 energy absorption tube dimensional parameters for each of the examples and comparative examples
In the invention, various proper finite element models can be established for the energy absorption pipes with different local structure and size parameters, so as to carry out numerical simulation, and the simulation result is analyzed and compared.
Specifically, a geometric model of the energy absorbing tube can be established by using CAD modeling software, and grid division and discretization of finite element analysis are carried out on the geometric model.
The material parameters of the energy absorbing tube and the stiff plate are shown in table 2:
table 2 materials parameter table of each component
| Component part | Material | Density (kg/m)3) | Young's modulus (GPa) | Poisson ratio | Yield limit (GPa) |
| Energy-absorbing pipe | AA6061 O | 2700 | 68 | 0.33 | 0.071 |
| Rigid flat plate | Steel | 7830 | 207 | 0.3 | / |
The energy absorption tube selects a material model No. 24 in an LS-DYNA solver, and the rigid plate selects a material model No. 20 in the LS-DYNA solver. The model uniformly adopts 4-node single-point integral Belytschko-Tsay shell units suitable for large deformation. In the aspect of boundary conditions, all nodes on the bottom surface of the energy absorption pipe are fully constrained, and the energy absorption pipe is compressed along the axial direction by adopting a rigid flat plate with the mass of 85kg and the initial speed of 10 m/s; simulating the contact state of the energy absorption pipe and the rigid flat plate by adopting an automatic surface-to-surface contact working condition, wherein the friction coefficient is 0.3; in addition, an automatic single-side contact algorithm is adopted to simulate the contact of the energy absorption pipe due to buckling deformation, and the friction coefficient is 0.1.
And solving and calculating the established finite element model by adopting nonlinear finite element software LS-DYNA, and finishing post-processing in LS-Prepost software. The indexes of specific energy absorption, peak force, load efficiency and the like of the energy absorption pipe under the collision load are compared. The specific calculation results are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 data comparison of energy absorption tube ratio energy absorption, peak force and load efficiency
| Energy-absorbing pipe | EA(kJ) | Mass(kg) | SEA(kJ/kg) | Favg(kN) | Fmax(kN) | CFE |
| Common round tube | 4.013 | 0.285 | 14.081 | 22.294 | 37.584 | 59.3％ |
| K1 | 3.922 | 0.281 | 13.957 | 21.789 | 30.046 | 72.5％ |
| K2 | 3.409 | 0.280 | 12.175 | 18.939 | 27.774 | 68.2％ |
| K3 | 4.179 | 0.282 | 14.819 | 23.217 | 30.485 | 76.2％ |
| K4 | 3.868 | 0.282 | 13.716 | 21.489 | 30.051 | 71.5％ |
| K1-1 | 3.937 | 0.275 | 14.316 | 21.872 | 31.919 | 68.5％ |
| K1-2 | 3.839 | 0.287 | 13.376 | 21.328 | 27.811 | 76.7％ |
| K1-3 | 3.786 | 0.281 | 13.473 | 21.033 | 32.111 | 65.5％ |
| K1-4 | 4.049 | 0.282 | 14.358 | 22.494 | 31.245 | 71.9％ |
According to the numerical simulation result, the energy absorption characteristics of the traditional common circular tube energy absorption tube and the segmented guide control type energy absorption tube can be compared and analyzed.
In particular, as the data in table 3 demonstrates, the introduction of the folded structure allows the peak force of the energy absorbing tube to be effectively reduced. And the load efficiency of the energy absorption pipe is also obviously improved. Therefore, compared with the traditional common round pipe, the sectional type energy absorption pipe with the folding structure has remarkable advantages in the two indexes.
Because the segmented guiding and controlling type energy absorption pipe effectively reduces the initial peak force, the segmented guiding and controlling type energy absorption pipe has obvious advantages for reducing the initial impact injury of passengers in a collision accident.
In terms of force-displacement curves, referring to fig. 3 and 4, compared with a common circular tube, the introduction of the folding structure according to the present invention alleviates the fluctuation of the collision load of the energy-absorbing tube, and shows a great advantage, which illustrates that the folding structure exerts a beneficial effect on guiding the deformation of the circular tube, and the guiding circular tube of the folding structure sufficiently generates progressive diamond mode deformation, so that the impact load borne by the energy-absorbing tube is relatively uniform and stable, and the energy-absorbing characteristic of the folding structure is effectively exerted.
For the energy absorption characteristics of the energy absorption pipes with different guide section cross-sectional shapes, force-displacement curves are shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4, and compared with the energy absorption pipes K1, K2, K3 and K4 in table 3, the energy absorption pipes K2 show greater advantages in reducing peak force, but show obvious disadvantages in comparison with energy absorption and load efficiency; in the aspect of specific energy absorption, the K3 energy absorption pipe shows remarkable advantages, but the load fluctuation is relatively large; in terms of load efficiency, K1, K3 and K4 all show great advantages.
Further, the 3 indexes are comprehensively compared, the load fluctuation range of the energy absorption pipe is weighed, and the energy absorption characteristic of the energy absorption pipe in the K1 form is comprehensively superior under the condition of the current collision scene. Therefore, the energy absorption effect of the energy absorption device can be improved by reasonably optimizing parameters on the basis of the existing structure.
For the energy absorption characteristics of the energy absorption pipes with different guide section cross-sectional sizes, a force-displacement curve is shown in fig. 5, and compared with K1, K1-1 and K1-2 energy absorption pipes in table 3, the K1-2 energy absorption pipe has greater advantages in reducing peak force, but the peak force is obviously reduced compared with the energy absorption; in the aspect of specific energy absorption, K1-1 shows a remarkable advantage, but the effect of reducing peak force is weakened; in terms of load efficiency, K1-2 showed a great advantage.
Further, by comprehensively comparing the 3 indexes, the control of the section size of the guide section has a remarkable effect on improving the energy absorption characteristic unilaterally, but has no obvious effect on improving the comprehensive performance, and the stability of the deformation mode of the energy absorption pipe is sensitive to the change of the size parameter.
For the energy absorption characteristics of the energy absorption pipes with different transition section lengths, a force-displacement curve is shown in fig. 6, and compared with K1, K1-3 and K1-4 energy absorption pipes in table 3, the K1 energy absorption pipe has greater advantages in reducing peak force; in the aspect of specific energy absorption, K1-4 shows a remarkable advantage, but the effect of reducing peak force is weakened; k1 shows a great advantage in terms of load efficiency.
Furthermore, the 3 indexes are comprehensively compared, the load fluctuation range of the energy absorption pipe is balanced, and the energy absorption characteristic of the K1-4 energy absorption pipe has comprehensive advantages.
And comprehensively comparing the analysis results, balancing various energy absorption characteristic indexes, and finally preferably determining the structural form and the design parameters of the segmented control type energy absorption pipe in the current collision scene.
In particular, compared with a common round pipe, the K1-4 energy absorption pipe has great advantages in the aspects of peak force reduction, lifting ratio energy absorption and load efficiency.
Further, referring to fig. 7, when the energy absorbing tube K1-4 is subjected to impact load, the folded structure is crushed, and the transition section is guided to form diamond-mode plastic deformation, and the structural characteristics of the transition section part are shown in the way that the square section is lofted to the circular section, and four right angles of the square are transited to the circular arc state. Influenced by the above structural features, the plastic hinge formed by the transition section exhibits the following characteristics: 4 symmetrically distributed folds 1 form a layer of plastic hinges.
Furthermore, under the influence of the transition section plastic hinges, the circular tube sections gradually and orderly form the plastic hinges in the same state, the deformation mode is stable, the load is relatively uniform and stable, the fluctuation is small, and the energy absorption effect of the circular tube can be effectively exerted.
Regarding the processing technology of the present invention, the segmented energy absorbing tube with a folded structure according to the present invention includes a guide section, a transition section, and a circular tube section with a uniform cross section, and thus, the 3 sections may respectively correspond to different processing technologies. The guide section part can be formed by splicing and welding plates, and the plate splicing process relates to the pressing and the connection of the plates. Taking a folding structure with a square section as an example, as shown in fig. 8 specifically, according to the crease lines of the folding structure, an unfolding plane is taken, 2 is one fourth of the structure, and the control dimension 3 is the key for splicing and forming the plate. For the connection mode, welding and other modes can be adopted;
the transition section portion may be prepared using a stamping process, which involves the manufacture and use of a stamping die. Taking the K1-4 energy-absorbing tube as an example, a male die of a stamping die and a female die of the stamping die need to be prepared, and a blanking part can be a conical thin-wall tube with a circular section.
The connection between the sections of the energy absorption pipe can adopt a welding process.
Claims (5)
1. An energy absorption method of a sectional guide control type energy absorption pipe is characterized in that,
the energy absorption pipe is sequentially divided into a guide section, a transition section and a circular pipe with equal cross section;
under the collision working condition, the energy absorption steps of the segmented guide control type energy absorption pipe are sequentially set as follows:
the guide section orderly deforms according to a prefabricated folding structure to form a plastic hinge related to the section form;
forming a regular plastic hinge at the transition section with the rigidity changing in a gradient manner;
and finally, entering a compression stage of the circular tube with the equal section to finish the energy absorption target.
2. The energy absorbing method of claim 1, wherein the leading section, the transition section, and the constant cross section tube are manufactured using different processes.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the folded structure of the guide section is made by welding of sheet material; or the transition section is made by adopting a stamping process.
4. The energy absorbing method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the circular tube of constant cross-section is a standard structural member.
5. The energy absorbing method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the guide section, the transition section, and the circular tube are joined together by a welding process.
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