CN113552022A - Lead alloy fluidity detection device and method - Google Patents
Lead alloy fluidity detection device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113552022A CN113552022A CN202110785163.5A CN202110785163A CN113552022A CN 113552022 A CN113552022 A CN 113552022A CN 202110785163 A CN202110785163 A CN 202110785163A CN 113552022 A CN113552022 A CN 113552022A
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001999 grid alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001698 pyrogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
- G01N11/10—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for detecting the fluidity of lead alloy, which overcome the problem of artificial operation errors caused by manually operating and controlling the opening and closing of a valve in the prior art, and the device comprises a heating furnace, a fluidity detection die, a control module and an electromagnet device, wherein the upper part of the heating furnace is provided with an opening, the bottom of the heating furnace is provided with a small hole, a temperature control thermocouple is installed on a furnace wall, the fluidity detection die is arranged in the inner cavity of the heating furnace, a temperature measurement thermocouple is arranged in the inner cavity of the heating furnace, the fluidity detection die comprises a control needle, the electromagnet device comprises an electromagnet module and an electromagnet support, the electromagnet module is installed on the electromagnet support, one end of the electromagnet module is connected with the control needle, and the control module is electrically connected with the electromagnet module, the temperature measurement thermocouple and the temperature control thermocouple. Also provides a lead alloy fluidity detection method. The valve is controlled to be opened and closed through the electromagnet, and errors caused by manual operation are effectively avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of detection of casting performance of lead alloy, in particular to a device and a method for detecting fluidity of lead alloy.
Background
The lead-acid storage battery has the advantages of mature process, excellent performance, low price, easily available materials, good heavy-current discharge performance, high recovery rate and the like after being developed for more than 160 years, and is widely applied to the battery fields of power, starting, energy storage and the like. The grid in the lead-acid storage battery plays a crucial role in battery performance and cycle life, the grid of the lead-acid storage battery at the present stage still mainly adopts gravity casting, the types of grid alloys are various, and the fluidity of the alloys directly influences the quality and yield of the grid. With the maturity of the lead recovery process, more and more regenerated pyrogenic lead is applied to lead-acid storage batteries, the content of impurities in the regenerated lead is generally high, the fluidity is poor, and if the regenerated lead is not screened, the regenerated lead is directly applied to battery production, so that batch quality problems are likely to be caused, and the economic benefits of enterprises are adversely affected. In normal production application of the storage battery industry, the fluidity of the alloy is generally reflected by the grid casting condition instead of being used as a separate test item, so that the problem can be found only after loss is caused, and advance prevention cannot be achieved.
Most of the existing alloy fluidity detection methods are casting methods, namely, at a certain specific temperature, alloy liquid is poured into a testing mold, and the fluidity of the alloy is measured by measuring the length or the weight of a casting sample. However, besides the temperature of the alloy liquid, manual operation errors such as the temperature of the die and the casting speed also affect the fluidity test result, and cause the deviation of the test result.
For example, the patent office in china, published 2019, 10 and 18, discloses an invention named as a device for detecting alloy fluidity, and the publication number is CN 110346245A. The invention comprises a body, a lead melting funnel arranged on the body, an electric heating tube arranged around the lead melting funnel, a heat insulating material for sealing the electric heating tube, and a control needle detachably arranged at the bottom of an inner cavity of the lead melting funnel. The device can accurately and quickly detect the fluidity of the alloy, provides a technical basis for screening subsequent alloy formulas and formulating standards, and also provides a detection method of the device for detecting the fluidity of the alloy. However, the manual operation error exists, the opening and closing of the valve are controlled by manual operation, the funnel through which the alloy liquid completely flows out is used as an end point, the end point is judged by manual timing and manual operation, and the operation error is easily caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art and provides a lead alloy fluidity detection device and method, which can detect lead alloy for a lead-acid storage battery grid and lead for ball-milled lead powder, can accurately and quickly detect the fluidity of the lead alloy, effectively avoids errors caused by manual operation by controlling the opening and closing of a valve through an electromagnet, and provides a basis for judging the casting performance of the lead alloy and the impurity content of secondary lead.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: including heating furnace, mobility detection mould, control module and electromagnet device, heating furnace top opening, the bottom is equipped with the aperture, installs the accuse temperature thermocouple on the heating furnace oven, the heating furnace inner chamber is arranged in to mobility detection mould, still be equipped with the temperature thermocouple in the heating furnace inner chamber, mobility detection mould includes the control needle, control needle one end inserts the heating furnace inner chamber, and one end is located the heating furnace outside, electromagnet device includes electromagnet module and electromagnet support, electromagnet module installs on electromagnet support, electromagnet module one end is connected with the control needle, electromagnet support and heating furnace fixed connection, control module is connected with electromagnet module, temperature thermocouple and accuse temperature thermocouple electricity. When the device is used, the control module is used for controlling the temperature control thermocouple to measure and control the heating temperature of the heating furnace, when the heating furnace reaches a certain temperature, a lead sample to be measured is placed into the fluidity detection die, and meanwhile, the temperature measurement thermocouple measures the temperature of the lead alloy melt. The control module controls the electromagnet module to realize reciprocating motion in the vertical direction, and the electromagnet module drives the control needle to enable the lead liquid to flow out of the fluidity detection die and flow out of the heating furnace through a small hole in the bottom of the heating furnace. And calculating the flow rate of the lead liquid according to the mass of the discharged lead liquid, thereby representing the flow property of the lead alloy according to the flow rate of the lead liquid.
Preferably, the fluidity testing mold further comprises a conical container and a positioning block, the positioning block is installed at an opening of the conical container, a first insertion hole is formed in the positioning block, and the control needle and the temperature thermocouple are inserted into the conical container from the first insertion hole. The conical container is preferably made of stainless steel, at least 1.5kg of lead liquid can be contained, the diameter of the small hole is preferably 2-4mm, the control needle is preferably made of brass, and the positioning block is mainly used for assisting in positioning the control needle.
Preferably, the bottom of the conical container is provided with a through hole, and the position of the through hole corresponds to the position of the small hole at the bottom of the heating furnace. The through hole at the bottom of the conical container and the small hole at the bottom of the heating furnace are used for lead alloy liquid to flow through during detection, and the switch of the small hole is controlled by the control needle.
Preferably, the heating furnace also comprises a bottom plug which is detachably arranged on the small hole at the bottom of the heating furnace. The bottom plug is used for preserving heat when the heating furnace is preheated.
Preferably, the control module comprises a heating temperature control module, a melt temperature display module and an electromagnet control module, the electromagnet control module is connected with the electromagnet module, the heating temperature control module is connected with a temperature control thermocouple, and the melt temperature display module is connected with a temperature measurement thermocouple. The electromagnet control module has a timing function and can set the suction time of the electromagnet module; the heating temperature control module is used for controlling the heating temperature of the temperature control thermocouple; the melt temperature display module can display the temperature of the lead liquid measured by the temperature thermocouple.
Preferably, the furnace cover is of a half-and-half opening structure, a small hole is formed in the middle of the furnace cover, and the control needle and the temperature thermocouple are inserted into the inner cavity of the heating furnace from the small hole. The small holes are used for placing the temperature measuring thermocouples and the control needles, so that one part of the temperature measuring thermocouples can extend out of the furnace cover to be connected with the melt temperature display module, and the control needles can extend out of the furnace cover to be connected with the electromagnet module.
Preferably, the device also comprises a receiving container, and the receiving container is positioned below the small hole at the bottom of the heating furnace. The receiving container is used for receiving the flowing lead liquid and can be made of stainless steel, cast iron, graphite and the like.
Preferably, the heating furnace is a well-type resistance furnace. The pit-type resistance furnace is provided with a large ventilator device, so that the temperature uniformity in the furnace is improved; the furnace temperature uniformity is better, and the furnace cover and the furnace body are made of high-temperature-resistant cellucotton, so that the furnace body has good heat preservation performance, energy conservation, low production cost, no pollution and good environmental protection benefit.
Preferably, the interior of the heating furnace is of a stepped structure and is used for positioning the fluidity detection die.
A lead alloy fluidity detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: the electric heating furnace is started, and the heating temperature is set to be 400-600 ℃ through the heating temperature control module;
s2: weighing a lead sample to be detected, and placing the lead sample in a conical container;
s3: the temperature of the lead liquid is observed through a temperature measuring thermocouple and a melt temperature display module, and the attraction time of an electromagnet module is set through an electromagnet control module;
s4: removing the bottom plug when the temperature of the lead liquid rises to the set heating temperature, and receiving the lead liquid flowing out of the small hole at the bottom of the heating furnace by using a receiving container;
s5: and weighing the mass of the flowing lead liquid, and dividing the mass by the set flowing time to obtain the flow velocity of the lead liquid.
In the step S1, the heating furnace is started for preheating 20 minutes in advance, and the heating temperature is determined according to the site temperature, the heat preservation performance of the heating furnace and the required temperature of the test lead liquid; in step S2, the lead sample to be measured is preferably 1000 ± 10 g; the attracting time of the electromagnet module set in the step S3 is preferably 20S; and step S4, removing the bottom plug when the temperature of the lead liquid rises to 400 ℃, controlling the electromagnet module to suck through the electromagnet control module, driving the control needle to move upwards, and enabling the lead liquid to flow down through the small hole at the bottom of the conical container and flow into the receiving container through the small hole at the bottom of the heating furnace within a set time. The method uses the flow velocity of the lead liquid to represent the flow property of the lead alloy, and can obtain the fluidity of the lead liquid at different temperatures by controlling the temperature of the lead liquid.
Therefore, the invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. the valve is controlled to be opened and closed by the electromagnet, the time of the lead liquid flowing out is controlled by a special instrument, and a timing method rather than a quantitative method is adopted for measurement, so that the consistency of the opening size and the opening time of the valve can be ensured, and errors caused by manual operation are effectively avoided; 2. meanwhile, the structures of the detection device and the detection die are improved; 3. the fluidity of the lead alloy for the storage battery grid, the ball-milling lead and the powder lead can be detected, and the application range is wide; 4. the fluidity of the lead alloy can be accurately and rapidly detected, and a basis is provided for judging the casting performance of the lead alloy and the impurity content of the secondary lead.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the flowability testing apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the steps of the detection method of the present invention:
in the figure: 1. heating furnace; 2. a fluidity detection mold; 2-1, a conical container; 2-2, a control needle; 2-3, positioning blocks; 3. a furnace cover; 4. a temperature thermocouple; 5. an electromagnet module; 6. an electromagnet support; 7. a temperature control thermocouple; 8. a bottom plug; 9. a receiving container; 10. a control module; 10-1, heating and temperature controlling module; 10-2, a melt temperature display module; 10-3 and an electromagnet control module.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings:
the embodiment is a lead alloy fluidity detection device, as shown in fig. 1, the lead alloy fluidity detection device comprises a heating furnace 1, a fluidity detection die 2, a control module 10 and an electromagnet device, wherein the heating furnace is provided with an opening at the upper part and a small hole at the bottom for lead alloy liquid to flow through, and is matched with a removable bottom plug 8, and a receiving container 9 is arranged at the corresponding position of the small hole at the bottom of the heating furnace below for receiving the flowing lead liquid. The furnace wall of the heating furnace is provided with a temperature control thermocouple 7, the inner cavity of the heating furnace is of a ladder-shaped structure, a fluidity detection mold and a temperature measurement thermocouple are arranged in the inner cavity, the fluidity detection mold comprises a control needle 2-2, a matched furnace cover 3 can be detachably arranged at the opening of the heating furnace, the furnace cover is of a half-and-half opening structure, a second insertion hole is formed in the middle of the furnace cover, and the control needle and the temperature measurement thermocouple are inserted into the inner cavity of the heating furnace from the second insertion hole. The electromagnet device comprises an electromagnet module 5 and an electromagnet support 6, the electromagnet module is installed on the electromagnet support and can rotate along the electromagnet support, one end of the electromagnet module is connected with a control needle, the control module 10 comprises a heating temperature control module 10-1, a melt temperature display module 10-2 and an electromagnet control module 10-3, the electromagnet control module is connected with the electromagnet module, the heating temperature control module is connected with a temperature control thermocouple, and the melt temperature display module is connected with a temperature measurement thermocouple.
When the device is used, the heating temperature control module is used for controlling the temperature control thermocouple to measure and control the heating temperature of the heating furnace, and when the device is added into a channel for preheating, the heating temperature control module is used for plugging a bottom plug for heat preservation. When the heating furnace reaches a certain temperature, the lead sample to be detected is placed in the fluidity detection mold, the temperature thermocouple measures the temperature of the lead alloy melt, and the melt temperature display module displays the temperature of the lead alloy melt measured by the temperature thermocouple in real time. Then electromagnet actuation time is set through the electromagnet control module, the electromagnet control module controls the electromagnet module to realize reciprocating motion in the vertical direction, and the electromagnet module drives the control needle to enable the lead liquid to flow out of the fluidity detection die and flow out of the heating furnace through a small hole at the bottom of the heating furnace. And (3) receiving the lead liquid flowing out of the heating furnace by using the receiving container, and calculating the flow rate of the lead liquid according to the mass of the flowing lead liquid, so that the flow rate of the lead liquid is used for representing the flowing property of the lead alloy.
As shown in fig. 2, the fluidity testing mold comprises a conical container 2-1, a control needle 2-2 and a positioning block 2-3, wherein the positioning block is installed at the opening of the conical container, a first insertion hole is formed in the positioning block, and the control needle is inserted into the conical container from the first insertion hole. The bottom of the conical container is provided with a through hole, and the position of the through hole corresponds to the position of the small hole at the bottom of the heating furnace. The conical container is made of stainless steel and can at least contain 1.5kg of lead liquid, the bottom of the conical container is provided with a small hole with the diameter of 2, the control needle is made of brass and used as a switch for the small hole at the bottom of the conical container, and the positioning block is mainly used for assisting in positioning the control needle.
The present embodiment is a method for detecting fluidity of lead alloy, as shown in fig. 3, and includes the following steps:
s1: opening the heating furnace for preheating 20min in advance, and setting the heating temperature to 400 by using a heating temperature control module;
s2: weighing 1000 lead samples to be detected, and placing the lead samples in a conical container;
s3: observing the temperature of the lead liquid through a temperature measuring thermocouple and a melt temperature display module, and setting the attraction time of an electromagnet module to be 20S through an electromagnet control module;
s4: when the temperature of the lead liquid rises to 400 ℃, removing the bottom plug, controlling the electromagnet module to suck through the electromagnet control module, driving the control needle to move upwards, and enabling the lead liquid to flow down through the small hole at the bottom of the conical container and flow into the receiving container through the small hole at the bottom of the heating furnace within a set time;
s5: the mass of the lead liquid flowing down is weighed and divided by the set flowing time, so that the flow velocity (g/s) of the lead liquid can be obtained.
The method represents the flowing property of the lead alloy according to the flow rate of the lead liquid, and the fluidity of the lead liquid at different temperatures can be obtained by controlling the temperature of the lead liquid. In addition, the heating temperature set in the step S1, the weight of the lead sample to be measured weighed in the step S2 and the attraction time of the electromagnet module set in the step S3 are not the only standards.
The above-described embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and other variations and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth in the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The lead alloy fluidity detection device is characterized by comprising a heating furnace (1), a fluidity detection die (2), a control module (10) and an electromagnet device, wherein the heating furnace (1) is provided with an opening at the top and a small hole at the bottom, a temperature control thermocouple (7) is installed on the wall of the heating furnace (1), the fluidity detection die (2) is arranged in the inner cavity of the heating furnace (1), a temperature measurement thermocouple (4) is further arranged in the inner cavity of the heating furnace (1), the fluidity detection die (2) comprises a control needle (2-2), one end of the control needle (2-5) is inserted into the inner cavity of the heating furnace (1), the other end of the control needle is positioned outside the heating furnace (1), the electromagnet device comprises an electromagnet module (5) and an electromagnet support (6), the electromagnet module (5) is installed on the electromagnet support (6), and the electromagnet support (6) is fixedly connected with the heating furnace (1), one end of the electromagnet module (5) is connected with the control needle (2-2), and the control module (10) is electrically connected with the electromagnet module (5), the temperature thermocouple (4) and the temperature control thermocouple (7).
2. The lead alloy fluidity detecting device according to claim 1, wherein the fluidity detecting mold (2) further comprises a conical container (2-1) and a positioning block (2-3), the positioning block (2-3) is installed at the opening of the conical container (2-1), a first insertion hole is formed in the positioning block (2-3), and the control needle (2-2) and the temperature thermocouple (4) are inserted into the conical container (2-1) from the first insertion hole.
3. The lead alloy fluidity detection device according to claim 2, wherein the conical container (2-1) is provided with a through hole at the bottom, and the position of the through hole corresponds to the position of the small hole at the bottom of the heating furnace (1).
4. A lead alloy fluidity test device according to claim 1 or 3, further comprising a bottom plug (8), wherein the bottom plug (8) is detachably mounted on the small hole at the bottom of the heating furnace (1).
5. The lead alloy fluidity detection device according to claim 1, wherein the control module (10) comprises a heating temperature control module (10-1), a melt temperature display module (10-2) and an electromagnet control module (10-3), the electromagnet control module (10-3) is connected with the electromagnet module (5), the heating temperature control module (10-1) is connected with a temperature control thermocouple (7), and the melt temperature display module (10-2) is connected with a temperature measurement thermocouple (4).
6. The lead alloy fluidity detecting device according to claim 1, further comprising a furnace cover (3), wherein the furnace cover (3) is of a half-and-half opening structure, a second insertion hole is formed in the middle of the furnace cover (3), and the control needle (2-2) and the temperature thermocouple (4) are inserted into the inner cavity of the heating furnace (1) from the second insertion hole.
7. The lead alloy fluidity detection device according to claim 4, further comprising a receiving container (9), wherein the receiving container (9) is located at the bottom of the heating furnace (1) and is square.
8. The lead alloy fluidity detection device according to claim 1, wherein the heating furnace (1) is a well type resistance furnace.
9. The lead alloy fluidity detection device according to claim 1, wherein the heating furnace (1) is internally provided with a stepped structure for positioning the fluidity detection mold (2).
10. A method for detecting the fluidity of a lead alloy, which uses the device of any one of claims 1 to 9, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: opening the electric heating furnace (1), and setting the heating temperature at 400-600 ℃ through the heating temperature control module (10-1);
s2: weighing a lead sample to be detected, and placing the lead sample in a conical container (2-1);
s3: the temperature of the lead liquid is observed through a temperature thermocouple (4) and a melt temperature display module (2-2), and the attraction time of an electromagnet module (5) is set through an electromagnet control module (10-3);
s4: when the temperature of the lead liquid rises to the set heating temperature, removing the bottom plug (8), and utilizing a receiving container (9) to receive the lead liquid flowing out from the small hole at the bottom of the heating furnace (1);
s5: and weighing the mass of the flowing lead liquid, and dividing the mass by the set flowing time to obtain the flow velocity of the lead liquid.
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Application publication date: 20211026 |