CN113550803A - Air storage device and method for storing energy by gravity compressed air - Google Patents
Air storage device and method for storing energy by gravity compressed air Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of compressed air energy storage and power generation, in particular to a gravity compressed air energy storage device and a method thereof. The device comprises a vertical shaft, a gravity pressing block, an air storage bag, an air inlet sealing valve and an air exhaust sealing valve, wherein the gravity pressing block and the air storage bag are sequentially arranged in the vertical shaft from top to bottom; the air storage bag is wrapped outside the air inlet sealing valve and the air outlet sealing valve, and a gravity pressing block is arranged outside the top of the air storage bag; the air inlet sealing valve is connected with an air inlet pipeline extending out of the vertical shaft; the input end of the air inlet pipeline extending out of the vertical shaft is sequentially provided with a motor, an air compressor and a first heat exchanger, and an exhaust pipeline extending out of the vertical shaft is connected to an exhaust sealing valve; the output end of the exhaust pipeline extending out of the vertical shaft is sequentially provided with a second heat exchanger, an air expander and a generator; the heat-releasing side of the first heat exchanger and the heat-absorbing side of the second heat exchanger are communicated through the heat accumulator. The invention can effectively solve the problems that compressed air depends on geographical positions, has low energy storage density and can not constantly work outwards.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of compressed air energy storage and power generation, in particular to a gravity compressed air energy storage device and a method thereof.
Background
Renewable energy power generation technologies such as wind energy, solar energy and the like have the problems of intermittence and fluctuation, and along with the improvement of the installed proportion of the wind energy and the solar energy and the increase of the traditional power peak-valley difference value, wind abandoning and light abandoning are generated in partial areas. The effective method for solving the problem is to adopt an electric energy storage system, the energy storage technologies are various, but the matching degree with a power grid is higher so far, and the energy storage technology capable of realizing large-scale energy storage mainly comprises a pumped storage power station technology and a compressed air energy storage power station.
The pumped storage power station has mature technology, high cycle efficiency, large energy storage capacity and long period. However, the construction of pumped storage power stations requires large-fall reservoirs and corresponding dams, and is restricted by geological conditions, large water demand and other conditions, so that the number of places suitable for constructing pumped storage power stations is less and less, and only more than 200 pumped storage power stations are operated at present. The compressed air energy storage system can be used for building a large power station with more than 100MW of single unit installation, is second to a pumped storage power station, and has the advantages of long energy storage period, small unit energy storage investment and long service life. Traditional compressed air energy storage system utilizes rock cave, abandonment salt cave and abandonment mine etc. as gas storage device, and is great to geographical environment dependence, and needs fossil energy such as natural gas to consume in the power generation process. The green, clean and stable power generation mode can be realized by combining the power generation technology of renewable energy sources such as wind energy, solar energy and the like with compressed air energy storage.
The existing compressed air energy storage mainly utilizes seabed salt cavern or land cave gas storage, the scheme has great environmental limitation, the energy storage density is low, compression and turbine equipment deviates from the designed working condition for a long time and operates, the compression and turbine equipment is difficult to be widely utilized, and a novel gas storage mode is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a gravity compressed air energy storage device and a method thereof, which effectively solve the problems that compressed air depends on geographical positions, the energy storage density is low, and the compressed air cannot constantly work outwards.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a gravity compressed air energy storage and storage device comprises a vertical shaft, a gravity pressing block and an air storage bag which are sequentially arranged in the vertical shaft from top to bottom, and an air inlet sealing valve and an air outlet sealing valve which are arranged at the bottom of the vertical shaft;
the air storage bag is wrapped outside the air inlet sealing valve and the air outlet sealing valve, and a gravity pressing block is arranged outside the top of the air storage bag;
the air inlet sealing valve is connected with an air inlet pipeline extending out of the vertical shaft; the input end of the air inlet pipeline extending out of the vertical shaft is sequentially provided with a motor, an air compressor and a first heat exchanger,
an exhaust pipeline extending out of the vertical shaft is connected to the exhaust sealing valve; the output end of the exhaust pipeline extending out of the vertical shaft is sequentially provided with a second heat exchanger, an air expander and a generator;
and the heat-releasing side of the first heat exchanger and the heat-absorbing side of the second heat exchanger are communicated through a heat accumulator.
Furthermore, a positioning track is arranged on the inner wall surface of the vertical shaft, and a stopper is arranged at the top end of the positioning track; a positioning pulley is arranged in the circumferential direction of the gravity pressing block; the positioning pulley is arranged inside the positioning track in a sliding mode.
Further, the gas storage bag is a cylindrical gas bag made of PVC coating cloth or heterocyclic aromatic polyamide fiber cloth, the periphery of the cylinder is covered with gas bag reinforcing ribs, and the bottom of the cylinder is fixedly connected with the air inlet sealing valve and the air exhaust sealing valve in a sealing mode through high-frequency welding and anchoring.
Furthermore, the air bag reinforcing ribs are annularly arranged and longitudinally arranged, and the longitudinal distance is more than 1 m; the air bag reinforcing ribs and the bearing plate are fixed through high-frequency welding.
Further, the radius of the gas storage bag is not less than 4m, and the height of the gas storage bag is not less than 10 m.
Further, the depth of the vertical shaft is more than 100m, and the inner diameter of the vertical shaft is larger than the radius of the air storage bag.
Further, the heat storage medium in the heat accumulator is one or a mixture of water, ionic liquid and soluble salt solution; and a liquid pump for circulating a heat storage medium is also arranged in the heat accumulator.
Further, the motor is coaxially connected with the air compressor, an air outlet of the air compressor is connected with an air path inlet of the first heat exchanger, and an air path outlet of the first heat exchanger is connected with the air inlet sealing valve through an air inlet pipeline.
Further, the generator is coaxially connected with an air expander, an air inlet of the air expander is connected with an air path outlet of the second heat exchanger, and an air path inlet of the second heat exchanger is connected with an exhaust sealing valve through an exhaust pipeline.
A gravity compressed air energy storage and storage method comprises the following steps:
when the output power of a wind power generation or solar power generation set matched with the system exceeds the dispatching requirement of a power grid, the set drives an air compressor to work on gas through a motor, and the normal-temperature and normal-pressure air is compressed to obtain high-temperature and high-pressure gas which enters an air inlet pipeline;
step two, high-temperature high-pressure gas exchanges heat with a heat exchange medium in the first heat exchanger through an air inlet pipeline, heat is transferred to a low-temperature heat storage medium and then is changed into low-temperature high-pressure gas, at the moment, an air inlet sealing valve is in an open state, and the low-temperature high-pressure gas enters an air storage bag through the open air inlet sealing valve;
thirdly, the gas storage bag pushes the vertically moving gravity pressing block in the shaft to move upwards under the action of low-temperature high-pressure air, the gravity pressing block moves to an upper limiting sensor of a limiter along with the increase of gas storage quantity, the gas storage quantity reaches the maximum value, and the gas inlet sealing valve and the air compressor are closed;
and step four, when the power of a generator set matched with the system is lower than the required value of the power grid, opening an exhaust sealing valve and an air expander, enabling low-temperature high-pressure gas to enter an exhaust pipeline, carrying out heat exchange with a high-temperature heat storage medium in a second heat exchanger, and changing the low-temperature high-pressure gas into high-temperature high-pressure gas, and enabling the high-temperature high-pressure gas to enter the air expander through the exhaust pipeline to work to drive a generator to generate power.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the device stores air by arranging the air storage bag in the vertical shaft, drives the air compressor to compress air at normal temperature and normal pressure by using power which exceeds the requirement of an electric network to form high-temperature and high-pressure gas, exchanges heat of the high-temperature and high-pressure gas to the heat storage medium for storage through the heat storage medium in the heat accumulator, sends the formed low-temperature and high-pressure gas into the air storage bag through the air inlet pipeline, changes the low-temperature and high-pressure gas into the high-temperature and high-pressure gas through the high-temperature heat storage medium in the heat accumulator when needed, and sends the high-temperature and high-pressure gas out of the air storage bag for acting through the air outlet pipeline, because the gravity pressing block is arranged at the top of the air storage bag, the pressure in the air storage bag is constant, the external acting power is constant, the energy storage density of compressed air is improved, the power generation quality is improved, the system volume is reduced, and the problem that the energy storage of the compressed air is influenced by geographical environmental factors is solved, the device has the characteristics of long service life and high flexibility.
Furthermore, the device adopts a mode of arranging the positioning track and the positioning pulley, and can effectively ensure that the gravity pressing block moves flexibly up and down, thereby improving the efficiency and the safety and the reliability of the whole gas storage process.
Furthermore, the air storage bag is circumferentially provided with the air bag reinforcing ribs, so that the safety and stability of the air storage bag can be effectively ensured, and the air inlet and exhaust sealing valves arranged at the bottom of the air storage bag can timely control the air to enter and exhaust, so that the air storage bag is efficient and convenient.
Furthermore, the device adopts a mode of annularly arranging the air bag reinforcing ribs and arranging the bearing plates, so that the device is firmer and more reliable, the safety of the air storage bag can be effectively ensured, and the safety of the whole device is improved.
Furthermore, the device can effectively realize timely heat exchange by arranging the heat accumulator between the two heat exchangers, thereby ensuring the safety of collecting and discharging compressed air and improving the power generation quality.
Furthermore, the device adopts the motor, the air compressor, the first heat exchanger, the air inlet pipeline and the air inlet sealing valve to input the compressed air into the air storage bag, and simultaneously adopts the generator, the air expander, the second heat exchanger, the air outlet pipeline and the air outlet sealing valve to output the compressed air out of the air storage bag, so that the device has simple structure and strong integrity.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: the system comprises an electric motor 1, an air compressor 2, a first heat exchanger 3, a heat accumulator 4, a shaft 5, a gravity pressing block 6, an air storage bag 7, a pressure bearing plate 8, an air inlet pipeline 9, an air inlet sealing valve 10, an air outlet sealing valve 11, an air bag reinforcing rib 12, an air outlet pipeline 13, a positioning rail 14, a positioning pulley 15, a second heat exchanger 16, an air expander 17 and a generator 18.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the invention.
The invention provides a gravity compressed air energy storage device, which comprises an air compressor 2, a first heat exchanger 3, a vertical shaft 5, an air inlet pipeline 9, a pressure bearing plate 8, an air storage bag 7, a gravity pressing block 6, an air inlet sealing valve 10, an exhaust sealing valve 11, an exhaust pipeline 13, an air bag reinforcing rib 12, a second heat exchanger 16 and an air expander 17, wherein the air inlet pipeline is connected with the air storage bag through the air inlet sealing valve 11;
as shown in fig. 1, the heat exchanger comprises an electric motor 1 and an air compressor 2 coaxially connected with the electric motor 1, wherein an air outlet of the air compressor 2 is connected with an air inlet pipeline 9, the air inlet pipeline 9 is connected with an air path inlet of a first heat exchanger 3, and an air path outlet of the first heat exchanger 3 is connected with an air inlet sealing valve 10 through the air inlet pipeline 9; the air inlet sealing valve 10 and the air outlet sealing valve 11 are arranged at the bottom of the vertical shaft 5, the air inlet sealing valve 10 and the air outlet sealing valve 11 are connected with the bottom of the air storage bag 7, the top of the air storage bag 7 is connected with the pressure bearing plate 8, the gravity pressing block 6 is placed on the pressure bearing plate 8, the positioning pulleys 15 are circumferentially arranged on the gravity pressing block 6, the positioning pulleys 15 slide in the positioning rails 14, the positioning rails 14 are arranged on the inner wall surface of the vertical shaft 5, the air outlet sealing valve 11 at the bottom of the air storage bag 7 is connected with the air outlet pipeline 13, the air outlet pipeline 13 is connected with the second heat exchanger 16, the air path outlet of the second heat exchanger 16 is connected with the air expander 17, and the air outlet of the air expander 17 is connected with the generator 18;
the air storage bag 7 is a cylindrical air bag, air bag reinforcing ribs 12 are covered on the circumference of the cylinder, and an air bag film of the air storage bag 7 is fixed with the air bag reinforcing ribs 12 and the pressure bearing plate 8 by adopting high-strength PVC coating cloth or heterocyclic aromatic polyamide fiber cloth through a high-frequency welding method; the air bag reinforcing ribs 12 are annularly arranged and longitudinally arrayed, and the longitudinal distance is more than 1 m; the radius of the air storage bag 7 is not less than 4m, and the height of the air storage bag is not less than 10 m. The bottom of the gas storage bag 7 is connected with an air inlet sealing valve 10 and an air outlet sealing valve 11 in a high-frequency welding and anchoring mode;
the depth of the vertical shaft 5 is larger than 100m, the inner diameter of the vertical shaft is slightly larger than the radius of the air storage bag 7, the side wall surface adopts a positioning rail 14 which is provided with a gravity pressing block 6, and the top end of the positioning rail 14 is provided with a heavy stopper. The gravity pressing block 6 is arranged at the center of the vertical shaft 5, the positioning pulley 15 is arranged on the gravity pressing block 6, and the positioning pulley 15 moves in the positioning track 14 on the inner wall surface of the vertical shaft 5 to limit the movement direction of the gravity pressing block 6;
the heat accumulator 4 is connected with the first heat exchanger 3 and the second heat exchanger 16 through a heat exchange and accumulation medium pipeline, the heat accumulation medium is one or a mixture of water, ionic liquid and soluble salt solution, and the heat accumulation medium circulates in the pipeline through a liquid pump in the heat accumulator 4.
In the practical application process, the working principle and the steps are as follows,
firstly, when the output power of a wind power generation or solar power generation set matched with the system exceeds the dispatching requirement of a power grid, a control system opens an air inlet sealing valve 10, the set drives an air compressor 2 to work on air with the power exceeding the requirement of the power grid, and the air at normal temperature and normal pressure is compressed to obtain high-temperature and high-pressure air which enters an air inlet pipeline 9;
secondly, high-temperature high-pressure gas passes through the gas inlet pipeline 9, a liquid pump in the heat accumulator 4 is started, a heat accumulation medium passes through a heat accumulation medium pipeline and flows into the first heat exchanger 3 through the heat absorption side of the first heat exchanger 3 to exchange heat with high-temperature high-pressure air, the high-temperature heat accumulation medium returns to the interior of the heat accumulator 4 to be stored, and heat of the high-temperature high-pressure gas is transferred to the heat accumulation medium and then is changed into low-temperature high-pressure gas; at this time, the air inlet sealing valve 10 is in an open state, and low-temperature high-pressure gas enters the gas storage bag 7 through the open air inlet sealing valve 10;
thirdly, the gas storage bag 7 pushes the vertically moving gravity pressing block 6 in the vertical shaft 5 to move upwards under the action of low-temperature high-pressure gas, along with the increase of the gas storage amount, the gravity pressing block 6 moves to the upper limiting sensor of the limiter, the upper limiting sensor feeds back signals, the gas storage amount in the gas storage bag 7 reaches the maximum value, and the gas inlet sealing valve 10 and the air compressor 2 are closed;
finally, when the power of a generator set matched with the system is lower than the required value of a power grid, an exhaust sealing valve 11 and an air expander 17 are opened, low-temperature high-pressure gas stored in a gas storage bag 7 enters an exhaust pipeline 13, a liquid pump in the heat accumulator 4 is started, so that high-temperature heat accumulation media stored in the heat accumulator 4 flow into a second heat exchanger 16 through a heat accumulation medium pipeline and a heat release side of the second heat exchanger 16, heat exchange is carried out between the high-temperature heat accumulation media and the low-temperature high-pressure gas in the second heat exchanger 16, the low-temperature high-pressure gas absorbs heat and then becomes high-temperature high-pressure gas, and the high-temperature high-pressure gas enters the air expander 17 through the exhaust pipeline 13 to do work to drive a generator 18 to generate electricity; when the gravity press block 6 descends to the lower limit sensor of the limiter, the lower limit sensor feeds back a signal, the gas storage amount in the gas storage bag 7 reaches the minimum value, the exhaust sealing valve 11, the air expander 17 and the generator 18 are closed, and the external work is stopped to generate power.
Based on any one of the devices, the invention also provides a gravity compressed air energy storage method, which comprises the following steps:
when the output power of a wind power generation or solar power generation set matched with the system exceeds the dispatching requirement of a power grid, the set drives an air compressor 2 to work on air through a motor 1, and the air at normal temperature and normal pressure is compressed to obtain high-temperature high-pressure air which enters an air inlet pipeline 9;
step two, high-temperature and high-pressure gas exchanges heat with a heat exchange medium in the first heat exchanger 3 through the gas inlet pipeline 9, heat is transferred to a low-temperature heat storage medium and then is changed into low-temperature and high-pressure gas, at the moment, the gas inlet sealing valve 10 is in an open state, and the low-temperature and high-pressure gas enters the gas storage bag 7 through the open gas inlet sealing valve 10;
thirdly, the gas storage bag 7 pushes the vertically moving gravity pressing block 6 in the vertical shaft 5 to move upwards under the action of low-temperature high-pressure air, the gravity pressing block 6 moves to an upper limiting sensor of a limiter along with the increase of gas storage amount, the gas storage amount reaches the maximum value, and the gas inlet sealing valve 10 and the air compressor 2 are closed;
and step four, when the power of a generator set matched with the system is lower than the power grid requirement value, opening the exhaust sealing valve 11 and the air expander 17, enabling the low-temperature high-pressure gas to enter the exhaust pipeline 13, performing heat exchange with a high-temperature heat storage medium in the second heat exchanger 16 to be changed into high-temperature high-pressure gas, and enabling the high-temperature high-pressure gas to enter the air expander 17 through the exhaust pipeline 13 to perform air turbine work to drive the generator 18 to generate power.
Claims (10)
1. The gravity compressed air energy storage and storage device is characterized by comprising a vertical shaft (5), a gravity pressing block (6) and an air storage bag (7) which are sequentially arranged in the vertical shaft (5) from top to bottom, and an air inlet sealing valve (10) and an air exhaust sealing valve (11) which are arranged at the bottom of the vertical shaft (5);
the gas storage bag (7) is wrapped and arranged outside the air inlet sealing valve (10) and the air outlet sealing valve (11), and a gravity pressing block (6) is arranged outside the top of the gas storage bag;
an air inlet pipeline (9) extending out of the vertical shaft (5) is connected to the air inlet sealing valve (10); the input end of the air inlet pipeline (9) extending out of the vertical shaft (5) is sequentially provided with a motor (1), an air compressor (2) and a first heat exchanger (3);
an exhaust pipeline (13) extending out of the vertical shaft (5) is connected to the exhaust sealing valve (11); the output end of the exhaust pipeline (13) extending out of the vertical shaft (5) is sequentially provided with a second heat exchanger (16), an air expander (17) and a generator (18);
the heat-releasing side of the first heat exchanger (3) and the heat-absorbing side of the second heat exchanger (16) are communicated through the heat accumulator (4).
2. The gravity compressed air energy storage and storage device according to claim 1, wherein a positioning rail (14) is arranged on the inner wall surface of the shaft (5), and a stopper is arranged at the top end of the positioning rail (14); a positioning pulley (15) is arranged on the periphery of the gravity pressing block (6); the positioning pulley (15) is arranged in the positioning track (14) in a sliding mode.
3. The gravity compressed air energy storage device according to claim 1, wherein the air storage bag (7) is a cylindrical air bag made of PVC coated cloth or heterocyclic aromatic polyamide fiber cloth, the circumference of the cylinder is covered with air bag reinforcing ribs (12), and the bottom of the cylinder is fixedly connected with the air inlet sealing valve (10) and the air outlet sealing valve (11) in a sealing manner through high-frequency welding and anchoring.
4. The gravity compressed air energy storage and storage device according to claim 3, wherein the air bag reinforcing ribs (12) are arranged annularly and longitudinally, and the longitudinal distance is more than 1 m; the air bag reinforcing ribs (12) and the bearing plate (8) are fixed through high-frequency welding.
5. A gravitational compressed air energy storage device according to claim 3, wherein said air storage bag (7) has a radius of not less than 4m and a height of not less than 10 m.
6. A gravitational compressed air energy storage device according to claim 1, wherein the depth of the shaft (5) is greater than 100m and the inner diameter is greater than the radius of the air storage bag (7).
7. The gravity compressed air energy storage and storage device according to claim 1, wherein the heat storage medium in the heat accumulator (4) is one or more of water, ionic liquid and soluble salt solution; and a liquid pump for circulating a heat storage medium is also arranged in the heat accumulator (4).
8. The gravity compressed air energy storage device according to claim 1, wherein the electric motor (1) is coaxially connected with the air compressor (2), the air outlet of the air compressor (2) is connected with the air inlet of the first heat exchanger (3), and the air outlet of the first heat exchanger (3) is connected with the air inlet sealing valve (10) through the air inlet pipeline (9).
9. The gravity compressed air energy storage and storage device according to claim 1, wherein the generator (18) is coaxially connected with the air expander (17), the air inlet of the air expander (17) is connected with the air path outlet of the second heat exchanger (16), and the air path inlet of the second heat exchanger (16) is connected with the exhaust sealing valve (11) through the exhaust pipeline (13).
10. A method for storing energy by gravity compressed air, based on the device of any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:
when the output power of a wind power generation or solar power generation set matched with the system exceeds the dispatching requirement of a power grid, the set drives an air compressor (2) to work on gas through a motor (1) with the power exceeding the requirement of the power grid, and the gas at normal temperature and normal pressure is compressed to obtain high-temperature high-pressure gas which enters an air inlet pipeline (9);
step two, high-temperature and high-pressure gas exchanges heat with a heat exchange medium in the first heat exchanger (3) through the gas inlet pipeline (9), heat is transferred to a low-temperature heat storage medium and then is changed into low-temperature and high-pressure gas, at the moment, the gas inlet sealing valve (10) is in an open state, and the low-temperature and high-pressure gas enters the gas storage bag (7) through the open gas inlet sealing valve (10);
thirdly, the gas storage bag (7) pushes the vertically moving gravity pressing block (6) in the vertical shaft (5) to move upwards under the action of low-temperature high-pressure air, the gravity pressing block (6) moves to the upper limiting sensor of the limiter along with the increase of the gas storage amount, the gas storage amount reaches the maximum value, and the gas inlet sealing valve (10) and the air compressor (2) are closed;
and step four, when the power of a generator set matched with the system is lower than the power grid requirement value, opening an exhaust seal valve (11) and an air expander (17), enabling low-temperature high-pressure gas to enter an exhaust pipeline (13), carrying out heat exchange with a high-temperature heat storage medium in a second heat exchanger (16) to change the low-temperature high-pressure gas into high-temperature high-pressure gas, and enabling the high-temperature high-pressure gas to enter the air expander (17) through the exhaust pipeline (13) to carry out air turbine work to drive a generator (18) to generate electricity.
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