CN113549940A - Preparation and interlayer toughening method of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum alloy laminated plate - Google Patents
Preparation and interlayer toughening method of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum alloy laminated plate Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A preparation method of a carbon fiber reinforced aluminum alloy laminated plate and an interlayer toughening method thereof belong to the field of carbon fiber reinforced metal laminated plates. The laminated plate comprises two layers of aluminum alloy plates, and a structural adhesive film and a carbon fiber prepreg layer which are sequentially stacked between the aluminum alloy plates, wherein the structural adhesive film is embedded between an aluminum alloy plate interface and a carbon fiber interface, and the surface of the aluminum alloy plate is subjected to anodic oxidation treatment, so that a nano-scale small-hole coating is generated on the surface of the aluminum alloy plate, and the binding force between the interfaces is enhanced. And (3) placing the treated aluminum alloy plate, the carbon fiber prepreg and the structural adhesive film on a mould of mould pressing equipment, starting the mould pressing equipment, setting technological parameters, maintaining the pressure for a period of time after the mould reaches a preset temperature, then reducing the temperature to the mould opening temperature according to a set cooling route, and then opening the mould to take out the laminated plate. The carbon fiber reinforced aluminum alloy laminated plate prepared by the method has strong bonding effect of aluminum alloy and carbon fiber, and galvanic corrosion is not easy to occur between bonding interfaces of the carbon fiber and the aluminum alloy, so that the comprehensive performance is good.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of composite material preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method and a toughening method of a novel carbon fiber reinforced aluminum alloy laminated plate.
Background
At present, the aerospace field focuses more and more on the lightweight development of materials, the weight reduction of the materials becomes an important development direction, and the preparation of the fiber metal laminated plate can well meet the weight reduction requirement, so that the fiber metal laminated plate is widely applied and researched. The fiber metal laminated plate is formed by paving a fiber layer and a metal layer according to a certain method, and the material formed by mixing the fiber metal has the advantages of the traditional metal alloy and the fiber material, has light weight, higher specific modulus, fatigue resistance and better mechanical property, and thus has attracted extensive attention in the field of aerospace. Glass fiber metal laminates were developed earlier and more well studied and have been applied to airframes and the like of airmen a 380.
Although the fiber metal laminate has many advantages, the glass fiber metal laminate has been widely applied, the carbon fiber reinforced metal laminate having higher strength and rigidity and more effective crack bridging effect than glass fiber has not been widely popularized and applied, the main reasons are that the bonding strength of the interface of the aluminum alloy and the carbon fiber is not easy to be ensured, the bonding force is weak, the interface delamination failure is easy to occur in the using process, and secondly, the electrochemical corrosion is easy to occur due to the large potential difference between the aluminum alloy and the carbon fiber, and the popularization and application of the fiber metal laminate are limited due to the defects of the two aspects.
The existing method for enhancing the bonding force between the aluminum alloy carbon fiber interfaces tends to increase the surface roughness of the aluminum alloy, so that the contact area of the epoxy resin and the aluminum alloy is increased, and the bonding force is further increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art and provides a method for preparing a carbon fiber reinforced aluminum alloy laminated plate and toughening the interlayer of the carbon fiber reinforced aluminum alloy laminated plate.
According to the invention, the nano-scale small-hole coating is generated on the surface of the aluminum alloy by using an anodic oxidation method, and the structural adhesive film is additionally inserted between the interfaces, so that the bonding strength between the interfaces is increased, and the electrochemical corrosion of the carbon fiber aluminum alloy interface can be better avoided by using the film generated by the anodic oxidation process and the inserted structural adhesive film.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a carbon fiber reinforced aluminum alloy laminated plate comprises an aluminum alloy plate, a carbon fiber prepreg layer and a structural adhesive film, wherein the aluminum alloy plate is subjected to anodic oxidation treatment on the surface of the aluminum alloy plate, and a nanoscale small-hole coating appears on the surface of the aluminum alloy plate after the anodic oxidation treatment; the carbon fiber prepreg layer is sandwiched between the two layers of aluminum alloy plates, and a structural adhesive film is arranged between the metal of the aluminum alloy plates and the fiber bonding surface of the carbon fiber prepreg layer to form a sandwich structure.
The thickness of the aluminum alloy plate is 0.3-1 mm. The carbon fiber prepreg is a unidirectional prepreg, such as unidirectional T300 and unidirectional T700. The structural adhesive film is an adhesive used for bonding metal composite materials and has high fracture toughness and high peel strength.
The invention also provides a preparation method and an interlayer toughening method of the carbon fiber reinforced aluminum alloy laminated plate, which comprises the following steps:
a. pretreating the surface of an aluminum alloy plate: after sanding, washing with water and degreasing in sodium hydroxide aqueous solution at 20-25 ℃ for 1-2 min; the water is quickly washed by deionized water, so that the defect of alkaline washing flow marks is avoided; and (3) standing the aluminum alloy plate for 1-2min at the temperature of 20-25 ℃ by using a nitric acid aqueous solution, and carefully washing the aluminum alloy plate by using deionized water to remove grease dirt and dust.
b. Anodizing the aluminum alloy plate: preparing a phosphoric acid solution as an electrolyte of an anodic oxidation process; taking a graphite or stainless steel plate as a cathode, and taking an aluminum alloy plate pretreated in the step (a) as an anode; putting the aluminum alloy plate in the prepared phosphoric acid aqueous solution for anodic oxidation at 20-25 ℃, wherein in the oxidation process, the power voltage and the current need to be kept unchanged, the phosphoric acid aqueous solution is uniformly stirred, the anodic oxidation time is 10-15 min, and a nano-scale small-hole coating with the thickness of 10-15 mu m is generated. When the anodizing process is completed, the obtained aluminum alloy sheet is rinsed with deionized water and dried in the air.
c. The layering method comprises the following steps: firstly paving a layer of structural adhesive film on the surface of the aluminum alloy plate after anodic oxidation, then paving carbon fiber prepreg layers in a completely symmetrical mode, tightly combining a plurality of layers of carbon fiber prepreg layers without folds and air bubbles, finally paving the aluminum alloy plate with the structural adhesive film on the surface, and finishing paving, wherein the laminated plate structure is AL/carbon fiber prepreg/AL.
d. Die pressing and curing: coating a release agent on the surface of a mould, putting the mould into a mould press, heating to 40-45 ℃, and preheating the mould; setting the mold opening temperature of a molding press to be 35-40 ℃; c, after the temperature of the mold reaches 40-45 ℃, putting the laminated plate paved in the step c into the mold, and then closing the mold; in the first stage, the temperature is increased to 75-80 +/-5 ℃, the mould pressing pressure is controlled to be 0.1-0.2 MPa, the temperature is kept for 30-40min, the aluminum alloy plate is fully soaked in the resin, bubbles are eliminated, and the temperature increase rate is controlled to be 2-3 ℃/min; in the second stage, the temperature is increased to 120-130 +/-5 ℃, the mould pressing pressure is controlled to be 0.4-0.45 MPa, the temperature is kept for 90-100min, the resin is fully cured, and the temperature increasing rate is controlled to be 2-3 ℃/min; and in the third stage, the temperature is reduced to the set mold opening temperature according to the cooling rate of 2-3 ℃/min, and the mold is opened to take the workpiece.
Wherein, the mass content of the sodium hydroxide in the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution in the step a is 8-10 percent; the mass content of nitric acid in the nitric acid aqueous solution is 80-85%;
and c, in the step b, the mass content of phosphoric acid in the phosphoric acid aqueous solution is 10-12%. The constant voltage is controlled to be 10V-12V in the anodic oxidation process; the current stabilized at 2.7A-3A. The thickness of the coating with the nanometer-scale small holes generated after the anodic oxidation process is finished is 10-15 mu m.
In the step d, the mould is a smooth flat metal mould core, and the plane size is 500mm multiplied by 180 mm.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that: according to the invention, by adopting an anodic oxidation process, a nanoscale small-hole coating is formed on the surface of the aluminum alloy plate, so that the wettability of epoxy resin on the surface of the aluminum alloy plate is improved, the contact angle is reduced, and the bonding strength between interfaces can be obviously improved; the use of the structural adhesive film can effectively improve the toughness of the laminated plate of the carbon fiber and aluminum alloy bonding interface, can isolate metal from the fiber interface, can better prevent the occurrence of galvanic corrosion effect between the carbon fiber and the aluminum alloy interface, can greatly improve the bonding strength of the carbon fiber reinforced aluminum alloy laminated plate interface by carrying out anodic oxidation treatment on the surface of the aluminum alloy plate and using the structural adhesive film, and further is suitable for some high-bearing environments; according to the test of the lap joint experiment, the shear strength between the aluminum plate without any pretreatment and the fiber bonding interface is 28.21Mpa, while the shear strength between the interfaces reaches up to 52.41Mpa and the interface bonding strength is obviously improved by adopting the aluminum alloy plate subjected to anodic oxidation treatment and inserting the structural adhesive film between the fiber and the metal interface.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a carbon fiber reinforced aluminum alloy laminate according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a route diagram of a carbon fiber prepreg curing process in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
the preparation method of the carbon fiber reinforced aluminum alloy laminated plate and the interlayer toughening method thereof comprise the following steps:
a. pretreating the surface of an aluminum alloy plate: cutting a 6061 aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of 0.5mm into the size of 500mm multiplied by 180mm, polishing by abrasive paper, washing by water, degreasing for 1min in a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (10 w%) at 25 ℃, and quickly washing by deionized water to avoid the defect of alkaline washing flow marks; the aluminum alloy sheet was kept at 25 ℃ for 1min with an aqueous nitric acid solution (85 w%), and carefully rinsed with deionized water to remove grease dirt and dust.
b. Anodizing the aluminum alloy plate: preparing a phosphoric acid aqueous solution with the phosphoric acid mass content of 12% as an electrolyte. And (2) taking graphite as a cathode, taking the 6061 aluminum alloy plate pretreated in the step (a) as an anode, putting the aluminum alloy plate into a phosphoric acid aqueous solution (12%) for anodic oxidation at 25 ℃, controlling the anodic oxidation power supply voltage to be 10V, controlling the current to be about 2.7A, controlling the anodic oxidation time to be 10min, and uniformly stirring the phosphoric acid electrolyte in the anodic oxidation process to generate a nano-scale small-hole coating with the thickness of about 12 mu m. When the anodization process is complete, the resulting coating is rinsed with deionized water and dried in air.
c. The layering method comprises the following steps: a structural adhesive film is laid on the surface of the aluminum alloy plate after the anodic oxidation treatment, and then the unidirectional T700 carbon fiber prepreg is laid according to the symmetrical structures of 0 degree, 90 degrees, 0 degree, 90 degrees and 0 degree in sequence to reduce the influence of residual stress. In the paving and pasting process, the carbon fiber prepregs are tightly combined without folds and air bubbles; and then laying the last layer of aluminum alloy plate with the structural adhesive film, and finishing laying.
d. Die pressing and curing: coating a release agent on the surface of the mould, putting the mould into a mould press, heating to 45 ℃, and carrying out preheating treatment on the mould; setting the mold opening temperature of a molding press to be 40 ℃; c, after the temperature of the mold reaches 45 ℃, putting the laminated plate paved in the step c into the mold, and then closing the mold; in the first stage, the temperature is increased to 80 +/-5 ℃, the mould pressing pressure is controlled to be 0.2MPa, the temperature is kept for 30min, the aluminum alloy plate is fully soaked in the resin, bubbles are eliminated, and the temperature increasing rate is controlled to be 2 ℃/min; in the second stage, the temperature is increased to 120 +/-5 ℃, the mould pressing pressure is controlled to be 0.4MPa, the temperature is kept for 90min, the resin is fully cured, and the temperature increase rate is controlled to be 3 ℃/min; and in the third stage, the temperature is reduced to the mold opening temperature at the cooling rate of 3 ℃/min, the mold pressing process route is shown as figure 2, the mold is opened, and a workpiece is taken out, so that the carbon fiber reinforced aluminum alloy laminated plate is obtained, and the structure of the carbon fiber reinforced aluminum alloy laminated plate is shown as figure 1.
Example 2:
the preparation method of the carbon fiber reinforced aluminum alloy laminated plate and the interlayer toughening method thereof comprise the following steps:
a. pretreating the surface of an aluminum alloy plate: cutting a 2024 aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of 0.3mm into the size of 500mm multiplied by 180mm, polishing by abrasive paper, washing by water, degreasing for 1min in a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (10%) with the temperature of 25 ℃, and quickly washing by deionized water to avoid the defect of alkaline washing flow marks; the aluminum alloy sheet was left at 25 ℃ for 1min with an aqueous nitric acid solution (85%), and carefully rinsed with deionized water to remove grease dirt and dust.
b. Anodizing the aluminum alloy plate: preparing a phosphoric acid aqueous solution with 12 percent of phosphoric acid content as electrolyte. And (2) taking a stainless steel plate as a cathode, taking the 2024 aluminum alloy plate pretreated in the step (a) as an anode, putting the aluminum alloy plate into a phosphoric acid aqueous solution (12%) for anodic oxidation at 25 ℃, controlling the anodic oxidation power voltage to be 10V, controlling the current to be about 2.7A, controlling the anodic oxidation time to be 10min, and uniformly stirring the phosphoric acid electrolyte in the anodic oxidation process to generate a nano-scale small-hole coating with the thickness of about 10 mu m. When the anodization process is complete, the resulting coating is rinsed with deionized water and dried in air.
c. The layering method comprises the following steps: a structural adhesive film is laid on the surface of the aluminum alloy plate after the anodic oxidation treatment, and then the unidirectional T300 carbon fiber layer prepreg is laid according to the symmetrical structures of 0 degree, 90 degrees, 0 degrees, 90 degrees and 0 degrees in sequence to reduce the influence of residual stress. In the paving and pasting process, the carbon fiber prepregs are tightly combined without folds and air bubbles, then the aluminum alloy plate with the structural adhesive film on the surface is paved, and paving is finished.
d. Die pressing and curing: coating a release agent on the surface of the mould, putting the mould into a mould press, heating to 45 ℃, and carrying out preheating treatment on the mould; setting the mold opening temperature of a molding press to be 40 ℃; c, after the temperature of the mold reaches 45 ℃, putting the laminated plate paved in the step c into the mold, and then closing the mold; in the first stage, the temperature is increased to 75 +/-5 ℃, the mould pressing pressure is controlled to be 0.1MPa, the temperature is kept for 30min, the aluminum alloy plate is fully soaked in the resin, bubbles are eliminated, and the temperature increasing rate is controlled to be 3 ℃/min; in the second stage, the temperature is increased to 120 +/-5 ℃, the mould pressing pressure is controlled to be 0.45MPa, the temperature is kept for 90min, the resin is fully cured, and the temperature increase rate is controlled to be 3 ℃/min; and in the third stage, the temperature is reduced to the mold opening temperature at the cooling rate of 3 ℃/min, and the mold is opened to take the part, so that the carbon fiber reinforced aluminum alloy laminated plate is obtained.
Example 3:
the preparation method of the carbon fiber reinforced aluminum alloy laminated plate and the interlayer toughening method thereof comprise the following steps:
a. pretreating the surface of an aluminum alloy plate: cutting a 5052 aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of 1mm into the size of 500mm multiplied by 180mm, polishing the aluminum alloy plate by using sand paper, washing the aluminum alloy plate by using water, degreasing the aluminum alloy plate for 1min in a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (10%) at the temperature of 25 ℃, and quickly washing the aluminum alloy plate by using deionized water to avoid the defect of alkaline washing flow marks; the aluminum alloy sheet was left at 25 ℃ for 1min with an aqueous nitric acid solution (85%), and carefully rinsed with deionized water to remove grease dirt and dust.
b. Anodizing the aluminum alloy plate: preparing a phosphoric acid aqueous solution with 12 percent of phosphoric acid content as electrolyte. Taking graphite as a cathode, taking the 5052 aluminum alloy plate pretreated in the step (a) as an anode, putting the aluminum alloy plate into phosphoric acid aqueous solution (12%) for anodic oxidation at 25 ℃, controlling the power voltage of the anodic oxidation to be 10V, controlling the current to be about 2.7A, controlling the anodic oxidation time to be 15min, and uniformly stirring phosphoric acid electrolyte in the anodic oxidation process to generate a nano-scale small-hole coating with the thickness of about 15 mu m. When the anodization process is complete, the resulting coating is rinsed with deionized water and dried in air.
c. The layering method comprises the following steps: a structural adhesive film is laid on the surface of the aluminum alloy plate after the anodic oxidation treatment, and then the unidirectional T700 carbon fiber prepreg is laid according to the orthogonal sequence of 0 degree, 90 degrees, 0 degrees and 90 degrees so as to reduce the influence of residual stress. In the paving and pasting process, the carbon fiber prepregs are tightly combined without folds and air bubbles; and then laying the last layer of aluminum alloy plate with the structural adhesive film, and finishing laying.
d. Die pressing and curing: coating a release agent on the surface of the mould, putting the mould into a mould press, heating to 45 ℃, and carrying out preheating treatment on the mould; setting the mold opening temperature of a molding press to be 40 ℃; c, after the temperature of the mold reaches 45 ℃, putting the laminated plate paved in the step c into the mold, and then closing the mold; in the first stage, the temperature is increased to 80 +/-5 ℃, the mould pressing pressure is controlled to be 0.2MPa, the temperature is kept for 30min, the aluminum alloy plate is fully soaked in the resin, bubbles are eliminated, and the temperature increasing rate is controlled to be 2 ℃/min; in the second stage, the temperature is increased to 120 +/-5 ℃, the mould pressing pressure is controlled to be 0.4MPa, the temperature is kept for 60min, the resin is fully cured, and the temperature increase rate is controlled to be 3 ℃/min; and in the third stage, the temperature is reduced to the mold opening temperature at the cooling rate of 3 ℃/min, and the mold is opened to take the part, so that the carbon fiber reinforced aluminum alloy laminated plate is obtained.
The above examples describe in detail a method for preparing carbon fiber reinforced aluminum alloy laminate and toughening the interlayer, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the details of the above specific examples, and all the modifications made within the scope of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The carbon fiber reinforced aluminum alloy laminated plate is characterized by comprising an aluminum alloy plate, a carbon fiber prepreg layer and a structural adhesive film, wherein the aluminum alloy plate is subjected to anodic oxidation treatment on the surface of the aluminum alloy plate, and the surface of the aluminum alloy plate is subjected to anodic oxidation treatment to form a nanoscale small-hole coating; the carbon fiber prepreg layer is sandwiched between the two layers of aluminum alloy plates, and a structural adhesive film is arranged between the metal of the aluminum alloy plates and the fiber bonding surface of the carbon fiber prepreg layer to form a sandwich structure.
2. The carbon fiber-reinforced aluminum alloy laminate according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy sheet has a thickness of 0.3 to 1 mm.
3. The carbon fiber reinforced aluminum alloy laminate according to claim 1, wherein the carbon fiber prepreg is a unidirectional prepreg.
4. The carbon fiber reinforced aluminum alloy laminate according to claim 1, wherein the structural adhesive film is an adhesive for bonding metal composite materials, and has high fracture toughness and high peel strength.
5. A preparation method and an interlayer toughening method of a carbon fiber reinforced aluminum alloy laminated plate are characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
a. pretreating the surface of an aluminum alloy plate: after sanding, washing with water and degreasing in sodium hydroxide aqueous solution at 20-25 ℃ for 1-2 min; the water is quickly washed by deionized water, so that the defect of alkaline washing flow marks is avoided; placing the aluminum alloy plate at the temperature of between 20 and 25 ℃ for 1 to 2min by using a nitric acid aqueous solution, carefully washing the aluminum alloy plate by using deionized water, and removing grease dirt and dust;
b. anodizing the aluminum alloy plate: preparing a phosphoric acid solution as an electrolyte of an anodic oxidation process; taking a graphite or stainless steel plate as a cathode, and taking an aluminum alloy plate pretreated in the step (a) as an anode; putting the aluminum alloy plate in a prepared phosphoric acid aqueous solution for anodic oxidation at 20-25 ℃, wherein in the oxidation process, the power supply voltage and the current need to be kept unchanged, the phosphoric acid aqueous solution is uniformly stirred, the anodic oxidation time is 10-15 min, and a nano-scale small-hole coating is generated; when the anodizing process is completed, washing the obtained aluminum alloy sheet with deionized water and drying in air;
c. the layering method comprises the following steps: firstly, paving a structural adhesive film on the surface of the aluminum alloy plate after the anodic oxidation; the carbon fiber prepreg layers are laid in a completely symmetrical mode and are tightly combined on the pre-treated aluminum alloy plate, and a plurality of layers of carbon fiber prepregs are free of wrinkles and air bubbles; finally, paving an aluminum alloy plate with a structural adhesive film on the surface, and finishing paving, wherein the laminated plate structure is AL/carbon fiber prepreg/AL;
d. die pressing and curing: coating a release agent on the surface of a mould, putting the mould into a mould press, heating to 40-45 ℃, and preheating the mould; setting the mold opening temperature of a molding press to be 35-40 ℃; c, after the temperature of the mold reaches 40-45 ℃, putting the laminated plate paved in the step c into the mold, and then closing the mold; in the first stage, the temperature is increased to 70-80 +/-5 ℃, the mould pressing pressure is controlled to be 0.1-0.2 MPa, the temperature is kept for 30-40min, the aluminum alloy plate is fully soaked in the resin, bubbles are eliminated, and the temperature increase rate is controlled to be 2-3 ℃/min; in the second stage, the temperature is increased to 120-130 +/-5 ℃, the mould pressing pressure is controlled to be 0.4-0.45 MPa, the temperature is kept for 90-100min, the resin is fully cured, and the temperature increasing rate is controlled to be 2-3 ℃/min; and in the third stage, the temperature is reduced to the set mold opening temperature according to the cooling rate of 2-3 ℃/min, and the mold is opened to take the workpiece.
6. The method for preparing the carbon fiber reinforced aluminum alloy laminated plate and toughening the interlayer thereof according to claim 5, wherein the mass content of sodium hydroxide in the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution in the step a is 8-10%; the mass content of nitric acid in the nitric acid aqueous solution is 80-85%; and c, in the step b, the mass content of phosphoric acid in the phosphoric acid aqueous solution is 10-12%.
7. The method for preparing a novel carbon fiber reinforced aluminum alloy laminate and toughening the interlayer thereof according to claim 5, wherein in the step b, the constant voltage is controlled to be 10V-12V during the anodic oxidation.
8. The method for preparing the carbon fiber reinforced aluminum alloy laminate and toughening the layers according to claim 5, wherein in the step b, the magnitude of the current is stabilized at 2.7A-3A during the anodic oxidation process.
9. The method for preparing the novel carbon fiber reinforced aluminum alloy laminate and toughening the layers according to claim 5, wherein in the step b, the thickness of the nano-scale small-hole coating produced after the anodic oxidation process is completed is 10-15 μm.
10. The method for preparing a carbon fiber reinforced aluminum alloy laminate and toughening the layers according to claim 5, wherein the mold in step d is a smooth flat metal mold core.
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| CN104191796A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2014-12-10 | 江苏呈飞精密合金股份有限公司 | Preparation method of carbon fiber reinforced polyimide fiber metal laminate |
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| CN104191796A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2014-12-10 | 江苏呈飞精密合金股份有限公司 | Preparation method of carbon fiber reinforced polyimide fiber metal laminate |
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| 翟豹: "阳极氧化工艺对纤维-铝合金层板力学性能的影响", 《复合材料学报》 * |
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Application publication date: 20211026 |