CN113549715B - System for molten iron granulation - Google Patents
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- CN113549715B CN113549715B CN202110878737.3A CN202110878737A CN113549715B CN 113549715 B CN113549715 B CN 113549715B CN 202110878737 A CN202110878737 A CN 202110878737A CN 113549715 B CN113549715 B CN 113549715B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B3/00—General features in the manufacture of pig-iron
- C21B3/04—Recovery of by-products, e.g. slag
- C21B3/06—Treatment of liquid slag
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B3/00—General features in the manufacture of pig-iron
- C21B3/04—Recovery of by-products, e.g. slag
- C21B3/06—Treatment of liquid slag
- C21B3/08—Cooling slag
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2400/00—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes
- C21B2400/02—Physical or chemical treatment of slags
- C21B2400/032—Separating slag from liquid, e.g. from water, after quenching
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a safe, environment-friendly and automatic molten iron granulation reproducible production process technology production line, which improves the labor productivity, reduces the cost, meets the requirements of high-quality and graded materials, and obtains two kinds of qualified ferroalloy granules, amorphous recovered granules and iron powder by grading, wherein the ferroalloy granules have uniform shapes and proper sizes, and are especially B granules with the highest practical value: more than 8mm and less than 16mm, the mass ratio of more than 50 percent and less than 60 percent, the yield is high, amorphous recycled particles are fully recycled for the second time, the full utilization of the extremely small particles of the iron alloy particles is mentioned for the first time, and the method is efficient and environment-friendly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a system for granulating molten iron, relates to the technical field of molten iron granulation, and particularly relates to a classification technology and a recovery technology for the molten iron granulation particles.
Background
The iron alloy is composed of one or more than two metals or non-metals and iron elements, and is used as deoxidant, desulfurizing agent and alloy additive in steel and casting industry. All master alloys for steel making, whether ferrous or not (e.g. silico-calcium alloys), are also commonly referred to in the steel industry as "ferroalloys". It is customary to include certain pure metal additives and oxide additives.
The ferroalloy is one of the essential important raw materials in the steel industry and the mechanical casting industry, and the ferroalloy is mainly used as a deoxidizer to eliminate excessive oxygen in molten steel; as an alloying element additive, the quality and the performance of the steel are improved.
1. As a deoxidizer. The steel-making process is a process of decarbonizing molten iron and removing harmful impurities such as phosphorus, sulfur and the like by using a method of oxygen blowing or adding an oxidant. The oxidant is an alloy element with strong binding capacity with oxygen, and comprises chromium, manganese and the like.
2. Used as an alloying agent. According to the performance requirements, different alloy elements are added into the steel so as to obtain alloy steel with certain performance. The iron alloy used to adjust the alloying elements in the steel is called a "ni-au" agent.
3. Used as a casting nucleus inoculant. Certain ferroalloys are added as crystal nuclei before casting to improve the crystallization property of castings, thereby improving the properties of castings.
4. Is used as a reducing agent.
With the continuous and rapid development of the steel industry in China, the continuous expansion and improvement of the variety and the quality of steel, higher requirements on ferroalloy products and the quality are provided, and the ferroalloy industry increasingly becomes important related technology and supporting engineering of the steel industry.
At present, the domestic liquid metal granulation process, especially the liquid alloy molten iron granulation process, is very laggard. In the iron alloy production enterprises put into production in China, the process of high-temperature casting molding and cold crushing is adopted without exception. Large-scale electric furnace manufacturers often adopt a belt casting machine or an annular casting machine for casting, small-scale electric furnace manufacturers often adopt an ingot mold for casting, and even some manufacturers adopt a mode that molten iron directly flows into a sand mold for casting when producing high-carbon ferromanganese and manganese-silicon alloy. The cast iron ingot is conveyed to a crushing place and is crushed into particles manually or mechanically for use in steel making. However, this process has a number of disadvantages: ingots are often very bulky and heavy, adding difficulty to subsequent crushing; the mechanical crushing cost is high, and the labor intensity is high; the environmental pollution is serious, and the material loss rate is high; the edges and corners of the particles are clear, which is not beneficial to blowing metallurgy and the like. Therefore, the original backward granulation treatment process is changed, the smelting production capacity of the alloy steel is improved, the smelting cost is reduced, and the clean production is realized, so that the method becomes one of the problems to be solved by steel enterprises.
For example, CN201410124831 is a molten iron alloy granulation method, which adopts a granulation and packaging combined device to produce fine iron alloy particles, vertically drops a cylindrical molten liquid flow at 1600 ℃ -1630 ℃ onto a horizontal granulation disc, and forms fine iron alloy particles through water quenching treatment, wherein the particle size of the fine iron alloy particles is 2-50 mm; the vibrating dewatering screen dewaters, and the rotary dryer dries and sends into the baling press packing through the belt feeder. The method for granulating the ferroalloy melt has the advantages of high automation degree, short flow, small occupied area, small grain size of ferroalloy particles and high uniformity.
For example, CN201210087398 relates to a ferronickel granulation processing method, which uses a granulation device to process high-temperature molten nickel iron; collecting high-temperature molten nickel iron into a molten iron tank, and conveying the molten iron tank to a tipping device through conveying equipment; starting the granulation treatment device, wherein the rotating speed of the horizontal rotating granulation disc is 500-1000 revolutions per minute; starting a tipping device to inject high-temperature molten nickel iron into a hopper, wherein the outlet of the hopper is positioned above the horizontal rotating granulation disc; the high-temperature nickel-iron water falls onto a horizontal rotating granulating disc in the granulating device, the horizontal rotating granulating disc is used for carrying out centrifugal sputtering granulating treatment to form high-temperature nickel-iron water particles, and the high-temperature nickel-iron water particles are crushed by jet airflow and cooled to form smaller nickel-iron particles; the ferronickel particles fall into a water quenching treatment bin in the granulation treatment device, and form ferronickel fine particles through water quenching treatment; and (4) dewatering the fine ferronickel particles by the lifting dehydrator, and conveying the fine ferronickel particles into a fine ferronickel particle collecting bin. The particle size of the ferronickel fine particles generated by the invention is small, and the smelting time of steel making can be shortened.
However, the above prior art also has the following obvious technical problems: (1) The prepared molten iron has large particle size span and cannot be effectively distinguished; (2) The problem of sufficient recovery of the molten iron particles is completely neglected, causing significant waste, such as a problem in which handling of iron sludge or iron powder accumulated for a long time is of little concern.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems, the invention provides a molten iron granulation system which simplifies and optimizes the system, fully performs grading treatment on granulated particles, performs secondary recovery on amorphous particles without commercial value, fully recovers iron powder causing obvious environmental pollution, and effectively meets the requirements of high recovery and environmental protection while maintaining high-efficiency preparation of molten iron particles.
A system for granulating molten iron comprises a granulating system and a grading system, wherein the granulating system at least comprises a ladle, a chute, a rotary tundish, a reaction tank and a spraying system; the grading system comprises an A-level screening and dewatering system, a B-level screening and dewatering system, a hot water tank, a sand-water separator, a water return pipe and an iron powder liquid recovery tank, wherein the size of A particles prepared by the A-level screening and dewatering system is larger than 16mm, the size of B particles prepared by the B-level screening and dewatering system is larger than 16mm and larger than 8mm and smaller than 16mm, and the size of iron powder obtained by the iron powder liquid recovery tank is smaller than 1mm.
In some embodiments, the molten iron is high-carbon ferrochrome molten iron, and the mass ratio of non-iron components in the carbon ferrochrome molten iron is Cr: 52-60%, si: 2-3%, C:6-8%, P: <0.035%, S: <0.035%.
In some embodiments, the class A screening and dewatering system comprises a class A dewatering screen, a class A rotary drying kiln and a class A rotary screen.
In some embodiments, the B-grade screening and dewatering system comprises a B-grade dewatering screen, a B-grade rotary drying kiln and a B-grade rotary screen.
In certain embodiments, the rejected particles obtained by the A \ B stage dewatering screen treatment enter a hot water tank and are collected by a sand-water separator-collection tank to obtain amorphous particles.
In some embodiments, the iron powder liquid is collected into the iron powder liquid recovery tank through an outlet at the bottom of the hot water tank, and the iron oxide powder is obtained by drying and grinding the iron powder liquid.
In certain embodiments, the amorphous particles comprise off-spec iron particles obtained from a class B dewatering screen and crushed iron particles obtained from a class a/B trommel screen.
In certain embodiments, the amorphous pellets are passed into a molten iron granulation system via a ladle, via secondary smelting to form a molten iron feed material.
In certain embodiments, the mass fraction of particles a obtained by the system is greater than 25%, less than 30%; the proportion of the B particles is more than 50 percent and less than 60 percent; the amorphous particles are present in an amount greater than 10% and less than 15%, and the iron powder is present in an amount less than 5%.
In certain embodiments, the obtained ferroalloy particles are subjected to transportation, packaging, and warehousing.
With the rapid development of the external refining technology of the steel-making furnace, solid granular ferroalloy is required to be blown into the furnace or a ladle for smelting, so that certain requirements on the shape and the organization structure of blown ferroalloy particles are required, and the blown ferroalloy particles are required to be uniform and round. Compared with the traditional cast iron and casting phase, the method has the remarkable advantages of high automation degree, high metal recovery rate, high production efficiency, uniform alloy, low oxide content, stable chemical composition, solving the problems of particle breaking, environmental pollution and the like, can meet the development requirements of the steel-making industry and the casting industry in China, can improve the comprehensive utilization of three wastes, reduce the emission of pollutants, meet the requirement of clean production standards, and fill up a gap of domestic metallurgical equipment.
As shown in figure 8, liquid metal is filled in a ladle, the ladle is locked on a granulating tipping device by a crane, and is poured into a rotary tundish through tipping of the tipping device, the liquid metal flows out from a water gap by the centrifugal force of the rotation of the tundish and the pressure of the self weight of molten iron, a parabolic molten iron column is formed in the air and falls into a granulating tank, the liquid metal particles enter the granulating tank and are cooled by water, rapidly quenched and solidified into solid particles, and sink into the bottom of the granulating tank under the action of gravity to achieve uniform metal granulation, an ejector is arranged at the bottom of the granulating tank, the particles and mixed water are injected into an A/B grade screening dehydration system through a pipeline under high pressure, the particles with qualified particle size on an A/B grade dehydration screen are dehydrated and then heated and fully dried by an A/B rotary drying kiln, and are placed on an A/B rotary screen, the size of the A particles prepared by the A grade screening dehydration system is larger than 16mm, the size of the B grade screening dehydration system is larger than 8mm and smaller than 16mm, the size of the B grade screening obtains a separation product of the A grade dehydration pool, the B grade screening product, the hot water falling product is a hot water screening pool, the crushed product is a hot water-free-water-powder-free-water separation pool, the crushed iron powder is collected into a drying liquid collection tank, and a drying liquid collection tank is used for collecting liquid, and drying tank, and drying liquid collection tank, and drying tank for collecting the iron powder collection tank, and drying liquid are used for collecting the iron powder.
In addition, in the drying process, particles are broken due to internal stress and subsequent collision of the drum screen, so that unqualified broken particles screened by the A/B-level drum screen need to be collected and input into a collecting tank, unqualified iron particles in the collecting tank need to be subjected to secondary smelting and then introduced into a ladle, and uniform granulated particles are obtained.
The whole process is a set of production system, and the whole production system is controlled by an automatic HMI.
The overall obtained product, after granulation, has the following granulometric index:
particles A: more than 16mm, and more than 25% and less than 30% by mass, as shown in figure 1.
B, particles: more than 8mm and less than 16mm, and more than 50% and less than 60% by mass, as shown in FIG. 2.
Amorphous particles: the amorphous particles are present in a proportion of greater than 10% and less than 15% and vary in size, as shown in figure 3.
Iron powder: less than 1mm and less than 5% by mass as shown in figure 4, and the iron powder is ground to obtain iron oxide powder as shown in figure 5.
And products in all stages are conveyed, packaged and put in a warehouse for processing, and finally packaged according to the requirements of customers or directly loaded into a container for delivery.
The hot-water granulation project heat balance calculation of the present invention is explained.
The high carbon ferrochrome composition is as follows.
| Composition (I) | Cr | Si | C | P | S |
| Content (c) of | 52-60% | 2-3% | 6-8% | <0.035% | <0.035% |
The casting temperature is 1650 ℃;
the product temperature is 65 ℃;
the maximum granulation capacity is 2000 kg/min;
the temperature difference of the cooling water is 30 ℃, and the water temperature is controlled by the system;
the heat content of the high-carbon ferrochrome at 1650 ℃ is 490 kWh/t;
the heat content of the solid high-carbon ferrochrome at 65 ℃ is 5.5 kWh/t;
granulation process exotherm =484.5 kWh/t;
designing a granulation rate (2 t/min);
the heat dissipation capacity of the granulation rate is 2000 kg/min 970 kWh/min or 3490 MJ/min or 58 MW;
according to the specific heat of water of 4.18J/g and the density of 1000 kg/m 3 The temperature difference is 30 ℃, and the theoretical water consumption is 1670 m 3 The granulation line of the invention is designed to have a water flow of 1800m, taking into account the variations in chemistry, temperature and flow 3 /h。
Advantageous effects
(1) The production line of the safe, environment-friendly and automatic process technology for repeatedly producing the molten iron granulation is provided in the metallurgical industry, the labor productivity is improved, the cost is reduced, and the requirements of high-quality and graded materials are met.
(2) The project is a domestic first ferrochromium molten iron granulating full-automatic grading production line, the molten iron granulating time is less than or equal to 30 seconds, the metal recovery rate is 99.8 percent, and the equipment operation rate is 98 percent.
(3) Obtaining two kinds of qualified ferroalloy particles, amorphous recovered particles and iron powder by classification, wherein the ferroalloy particles are uniform in shape, proper in size and particularly high in practical value, namely B particles: more than 8mm and less than 16mm, the mass ratio is more than 50 percent and less than 60 percent, the yield is high, amorphous recycled particles are fully and secondarily utilized, the full utilization of the extremely small particles of the iron alloy particles is mentioned for the first time, and the method is efficient and environment-friendly.
Drawings
FIG. 1: granules A prepared by the molten iron granulation system of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a drawing: granules B prepared by the molten iron granulation system of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a drawing: the crushed particles to be recovered are prepared by the molten iron granulation system;
FIG. 4 is a drawing: the invention collects the tiny ferroalloy particle iron powder;
FIG. 5: the iron powder is iron oxide powder obtained by grinding treatment;
FIG. 6: the invention discloses a numerical control and monitoring platform;
FIG. 7: crushing, selecting and packaging for granulating the molten iron in a comparative example;
FIG. 8: the present invention is a schematic view of a system for granulating molten iron.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The system for granulating the molten iron comprises a granulating system and a grading system, wherein the granulating system at least comprises a ladle, a chute, a rotary tundish, a reaction tank and a spraying system; the grading system comprises an A-level screening and dewatering system, a B-level screening and dewatering system, a hot water tank, a sand-water separator, a water return pipe and an iron powder liquid recovery tank, wherein the size of A particles prepared by the A-level screening and dewatering system is larger than 16mm, the size of B particles prepared by the B-level screening and dewatering system is larger than 8mm and smaller than 16mm, and the size of iron powder obtained by the iron powder liquid recovery tank is smaller than 1mm.
The grade-A screening and dewatering system comprises a grade-A dewatering screen, a grade-A rotary drying kiln and a grade-A rotary screen, the grade-B screening and dewatering system comprises a grade-B dewatering screen, a grade-B rotary drying kiln and a grade-B rotary screen, unqualified particles obtained through treatment of the grade-A/B dewatering screen enter a hot water tank and are collected through a sand-water separator and a collecting tank to obtain amorphous particles, the amorphous particles comprise unqualified iron particles obtained through the grade-B dewatering screen and crushed iron particles obtained through the grade-A/B rotary screen, and finally the obtained amorphous particles are subjected to secondary smelting to become molten iron raw materials and enter a molten iron granulating system through a molten iron ladle.
And collecting the iron powder liquid through an outlet at the bottom of the hot water tank, feeding the iron powder liquid into an iron powder liquid recovery tank, and drying and grinding the iron powder liquid to obtain iron oxide powder.
The above processes are all automatic processes, and the automatic control platform is shown in figure 6
Wherein the obtained A particles account for 27.3 percent of the mass, the B particles account for 57.5 percent of the mass, the amorphous particles account for 12.7 percent of the mass, and the iron powder accounts for 2.5 percent of the mass.
The size of the particles A is larger than 16mm, the size of the particles B is larger than 8mm and smaller than 16mm, the size of the iron powder is smaller than 1mm, the size of the particles A, the size of the particles B and the size of the particles B are extremely high in commercial value, the commercial value rate is 87%, and the percentage of the particles B, which are larger than 10mm and smaller than 12mm, is 67.3%, namely the particles B are uniform in size, similar in shape and almost zero in hollow rate.
Comparative example
The traditional preparation process is adopted: the method comprises the steps of molten iron packaging, granulating, cooling, drying, shelling, selecting granules and packaging, and as shown in the attached figure 7, energy waste is greatly caused.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent should be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. The system for granulating the molten iron is characterized by comprising a granulating system and a grading system, wherein the granulating system at least comprises a ladle, a chute, a rotary tundish, a reaction tank and a spraying system; the grading system comprises an A-level screening and dewatering system, a B-level screening and dewatering system, a hot water tank, a sand-water separator, a water return pipe and an iron powder liquid recovery tank, wherein the size of A particles prepared by the A-level screening and dewatering system is larger than 16mm, the size of B particles prepared by the B-level screening and dewatering system is larger than 8mm and smaller than 16mm, and the size of iron powder obtained by the iron powder liquid recovery tank is smaller than 1mm;
the mass ratio of the A particles obtained by the system is more than 25 percent and less than 30 percent; the proportion of the B particles is more than 50 percent and less than 60 percent; the proportion of amorphous particles is more than 10 percent and less than 15 percent, and the proportion of the iron powder is less than 5 percent;
wherein the iron powder liquid is collected through an outlet at the bottom of the hot water tank and enters an iron powder liquid recovery tank, and the iron powder liquid is dried and ground to obtain iron oxide powder;
the molten iron is high-carbon ferrochrome molten iron, and the mass ratio of non-iron components in the high-carbon ferrochrome molten iron is Cr: 52-60%, si: 2-3%, C:6-8%, P: <0.035%, S: <0.035%;
the granulation time of the molten iron is less than or equal to 30 seconds, the metal recovery rate is 99.8 percent, the operation rate of system equipment is 98 percent,
the A-level screening and dewatering system comprises an A-level dewatering screen, an A-level rotary drying kiln and an A-level rotary screen,
the B-level screening and dewatering system comprises a B-level dewatering screen, a B-level rotary drying kiln and a B-level rotary screen,
unqualified particles obtained by the treatment of the A-level dewatering screen/B-level dewatering screen enter a hot water tank, amorphous particles are obtained by the collection of a sand-water separator and a collecting tank,
the amorphous particles comprise unqualified iron particles obtained by a B-level dewatering screen and crushed iron particles obtained by an A-level rotary screen/B-level rotary screen,
the amorphous particles become molten iron raw materials through secondary smelting, and enter a molten iron granulating system through a ladle.
2. The system for granulating molten iron of claim 1, wherein the obtained ferroalloy granules are transported, packaged, and put in storage.
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| KR102246228B1 (en) * | 2013-09-05 | 2021-04-28 | 우반 홀딩 에이비 | Granulation of molten material |
| CN103862056B (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2015-08-12 | 唐山市嘉恒实业有限公司 | A kind of ferroalloy liquation granulating method |
| EP2926928A1 (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2015-10-07 | Uvån Holding AB | Granulation of molten ferrochromium |
| CN107322000A (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2017-11-07 | 中信重工机械股份有限公司 | A kind of processing equipment and technique of titanium slag smelting by-product product molten iron |
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