CN113548860A - 一种竹骨料混凝土低碳节能降噪轻质透水砖 - Google Patents
一种竹骨料混凝土低碳节能降噪轻质透水砖 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种竹骨料混凝土低碳节能降噪轻质透水砖，所述的透水砖由竹骨料和水泥砂浆组成，其组分包括硅酸盐水泥18.2～29.3份、改性处理的竹骨料25.2～40.1份、中砂13.5～20.8份、重组外加剂0.5～1.5份、中性水10～20份。本发明的透水砖具有以下特点：抗冻抗压与耐腐蚀性能强，多孔性材料竹骨料环保可再生，透水砖内部孔隙率高，有效解决了地面积水的问题，具有超强的透水性能，同时也能降低路面噪声3～5分贝，另外由于竹骨料替代了传统的石骨料，在同等尺寸下比普通混凝土砖轻30％～40％，相比同类产品，价格低廉。竹骨料混凝土低碳节能降噪轻质透水砖可广泛应用于非机动车道路、停车场、景区、园林、人行道等。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于透水砖领域，具体涉及一种竹骨料混凝土低碳节能降噪轻质透水砖。
背景技术
随着人口增多，环境恶化，碳排放居高不下，水资源、能源匮乏，停车场、非机动车道路、景区、园林、人行道等大部分都是由花岗岩、釉面砖、水泥和柏油等不透水的材质铺设的，下雨时满地积水使得人们出行更加不便，同时造成植被缺水、水资源浪费等。
目前市场上的透水砖、透水路面等的透水性材料主要原料采用陶瓷或混凝土等不可再生的矿物资源，在原料开采和透水砖成型烧结过程中均需要耗费大量能源，排出大量二氧化碳，环保性差，不利于碳达峰碳中和目标的实现，同时滤水性能不良，降噪效果差。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种竹骨料混凝土低碳节能降噪轻质透水砖，其具有良好的透水性能、抗压耐腐蚀、吸音降噪、节能环保、轻质方便施工等功效。为此，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种竹骨料混凝土低碳节能降噪轻质透水砖，所述的透水砖由竹骨料和水泥砂浆和重组外加剂组成。所述的透水砖表面喷涂有各种颜色的涂料，可设计成各种图案，起到美化城市的作用。
所述的透水砖的原料按质量计，包括硅酸盐水泥18.2～29.3份、竹骨料25.2～40.1份、中砂13.5～20.8份、重组外加剂0.5～1.5份、中性水10～20份。
所述的竹骨料是竹颗粒水煮后经氢氧化钠和硅溶胶溶液处理得到。处理是指浸泡和搅拌。
进一步地，将毛竹切碎得到的竹颗粒煮沸处理后，进行水洗1～2次，并在质量浓度为0.5～4％的氢氧化钠溶液中浸泡60～120分钟后，清洗2～3次后烘干，再与硅溶胶按质量比2～5:1搅拌静置1～2小时后，进行烘干处理，得到竹骨料。
所述的竹骨料呈颗粒状，其颗粒大小为：长10～20mm，宽2～10mm，厚1～5mm。且其表面孔隙多，具有良好的吸音效果。
进一步地，所述的竹骨料上述改性处理后，极大地改善竹骨料与水泥基质材料的界面相容性，使得竹骨料与水泥砂浆能有效粘接成一体，且能保证孔隙率良好，透水性强。所述的透水砖是由竹骨料、重组外加剂和水泥砂浆(硅酸盐水泥、中砂和中性水)搅拌、入模、养护、脱模和再养护而成。所述的重组外加剂为高性能聚羧酸减水剂和透水混凝土增强剂按1：1.5～2.5的质量比混合而成。
竹子作为一种中国富有的速生植物，本身具有众多的微观孔隙和良好的力学性能，但与水泥砂浆亲和度较差、耐腐蚀性能弱等。故本发明制备的竹骨料为：首先将竹子破碎成与水泥砂浆粘合程度较高的大小规格，其次优化与水泥砂浆的粘结强度和耐腐蚀性能，通过表面粗糙度和极性改性使得亲和性增强，调节竹骨料与水泥砂浆的配比，如果水泥砂浆过多，会阻塞竹骨料本身的孔隙和竹骨料与水泥砂浆间空隙，破坏其透水和降噪性能；如果水泥砂浆过少，会导致竹骨料混凝土透水砖难以成型。竹骨料与水泥砂浆结合，形成孔隙率良好、吸声效果优异、滤水性能优越的竹骨料混凝土低碳节能降噪轻质透水砖。
本发明的有益效果是：
1、利用改性竹骨料，减少竹子作为燃烧料排放的二氧化碳，同时竹骨料混凝土透水砖一次性成型，不需要经过高温烧结，节约了大量能源，有利于国家完成碳达峰的目标；作为原材料的竹子为速生的可再生植物，其可代替部分水泥、碎石等不可再生资源，促进国家经济可持续发展。由于采用竹骨料替代传统的石骨料，在同等尺寸下本发明的透水砖比普通混凝土砖轻30％～40％。
2、将经过特定的改性工艺改性得到的竹骨料与水泥砂浆混合，制备得到的竹骨料混凝土透水砖具有良好的抗冻抗压性能。竹骨料混凝土透水砖利用竹骨料与水泥砂浆的内部空隙和竹骨料自身的微孔结构，在具有优良透水性的同时，还有优异的吸音降噪和环保性。
3、应用于海绵城市，能够极大缓解城市内涝和排水问题，使得城市的生态环境维持平衡，营造出质量较高的自然及生活环境，能使得雨水快速渗透地表，补充土壤内的水分及地下水，可以改善各城市植物生存条件，丰富土壤内的微生物；可以调节城市小气候，较大地缓解城市的热岛效应并且能缓解各城市防洪、排水压力，减少道路积水，减轻公共水域的水污染；方便城市居民的出门，透水砖由于竹骨料混凝土自身多孔性表面，能防路面反光并吸收行走车辆的噪音(能降低路面噪声3～5分贝)，可有效提高出行舒适性。
具体实施方式
本发明提出的一种竹骨料混凝土低碳节能降噪轻质透水砖，具有良好的透水性能、抗压耐腐蚀、吸音降噪、节能环保、轻质方便施工等优点，可广泛应用于非机动车道路、停车场、景区、园林、人行道等场景。
下面结合具体实例对本发明的技术方案做进一步说明：
实施例1
一种竹骨料混凝土低碳节能降噪轻质透水砖，原料组分如下：硅酸盐水泥28.5份、改性处理的竹骨料26.4份、中砂14.3份、重组外加剂1.5份、中性水11份，经过搅拌、入模、养护、脱模和再养护制备而成，然后在表面喷涂绿色颜料。该竹骨料混凝土低碳节能降噪轻质透水砖的透水系数、吸音系数见表1。
表1实施例1的竹骨料混凝土低碳节能降噪轻质透水砖的透水系数和吸音系数
实施例2
一种竹骨料混凝土低碳节能降噪轻质透水砖，原料组分如下：硅酸盐水泥28.5份、改性处理的竹骨料40份、中砂14.3份、重组外加剂1.5份、中性水11份，经过搅拌、入模、养护、脱模和再养护制备而成，然后在表面喷涂绿色颜料。该竹骨料混凝土低碳节能降噪轻质透水砖的透水系数、吸音系数见表2。
表2实施例2的竹骨料混凝土低碳节能降噪轻质透水砖的透水系数和吸音系数
实施例3
一种竹骨料混凝土低碳节能降噪轻质透水砖，原料组分如下：硅酸盐水泥28.5份、改性处理的竹骨料26.4份、中砂20.8份、重组外加剂1.5份、中性水11份，经过搅拌、入模、养护、脱模和再养护制备而成，然后在表面喷涂绿色颜料。该竹骨料混凝土低碳节能降噪轻质透水砖的透水系数、吸音系数见表3。
表3实施例3的竹骨料混凝土低碳节能降噪轻质透水砖的透水系数和吸音系数
以上技术方案是优选实施方式，并非对本发明技术方案的限制，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明的前提下，做出的变形应视为属于本发明保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种竹骨料混凝土低碳节能降噪轻质透水砖，其特征在于：所述透水砖按质量份计包括如下组分：
竹骨料25.2～40.1份
硅酸盐水泥18.2～29.3份
中砂13.5～20.8份
重组外加剂0.5～1.5份
中性水10～20份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的竹骨料混凝土低碳节能降噪轻质透水砖，其特征在于：所述竹骨料为长10～20mm，宽2～10mm，厚1～5mm的竹颗粒。
3.根据权利要求2所述的竹骨料混凝土低碳节能降噪轻质透水砖，其特征在于：所述的竹骨料是竹颗粒水煮后经过氢氧化钠和硅溶胶改性处理后得到的。
4.根据权利要求1所述的竹骨料混凝土低碳节能降噪轻质透水砖，其特征在于：所述的中砂粒径为0.45～0.35mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的竹骨料混凝土低碳节能降噪轻质透水砖，其特征在于：所述的重组外加剂为高性能聚羧酸减水剂和透水混凝土增强剂按1：1.5～2.5的质量比混合而成。
6.根据权利要求1所述的竹骨料混凝土低碳节能降噪轻质透水砖，其特征在于：所述的透水砖是将各组分按比例搅拌、入模、养护、脱模和再养护而成。
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