CN113547431A - Processing technology and equipment for ceramic part - Google Patents
Processing technology and equipment for ceramic part Download PDFInfo
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- CN113547431A CN113547431A CN202110865653.6A CN202110865653A CN113547431A CN 113547431 A CN113547431 A CN 113547431A CN 202110865653 A CN202110865653 A CN 202110865653A CN 113547431 A CN113547431 A CN 113547431A
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 50
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007517 polishing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004814 ceramic processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012840 feeding operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B27/00—Other grinding machines or devices
- B24B27/0076—Other grinding machines or devices grinding machines comprising two or more grinding tools
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/007—Weight compensation; Temperature compensation; Vibration damping
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/02—Frames; Beds; Carriages
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/06—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B47/00—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
- B24B47/02—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor for performing a reciprocating movement of carriages or work- tables
- B24B47/04—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor for performing a reciprocating movement of carriages or work- tables by mechanical gearing only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B47/00—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
- B24B47/10—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor for rotating or reciprocating working-spindles carrying grinding wheels or workpieces
- B24B47/12—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor for rotating or reciprocating working-spindles carrying grinding wheels or workpieces by mechanical gearing or electric power
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B55/00—Safety devices for grinding or polishing machines; Accessories fitted to grinding or polishing machines for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition
- B24B55/06—Dust extraction equipment on grinding or polishing machines
Abstract
The invention discloses a processing technique of ceramic parts and equipment thereof, relating to the technical field of ceramic structural part processing, the processing technique of the ceramic parts is to carry out five-axis linkage processing by processing equipment of the ceramic parts and grind by a plurality of grinding heads, and the cylindrical ceramic parts are obtained by the procedures of chamfering and roughing at one end, chamfering and roughing at the other end, chamfering and roughing at the end, semifinishing at the end, finish machining at the end, polishing at the end, roughing at the rolling body, semifinishing at the rolling body, finish machining at the rolling body, polishing at the rolling body, semifinishing at the chamfering and chamfering at one end, semifinishing at the other end and finish machining at the other end, and a three-axis processing mechanism realizes the rotation around the axial direction of a first rotating motor by matching with a first rotating motor and a reinforced connecting plate and realizes the movement of y-axis and z-axis by matching with an inherent linkage mechanism so as to realize five-axis linkage, the high-precision and high-efficiency processing of the complex ceramic structural part is met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ceramic structural member processing, in particular to a processing technology and equipment of a ceramic member.
Background
With the continuous development of the ceramic industry, the ceramic is widely applied to the fields of aerospace aviation, mechanical manufacturing, medical treatment and the like, but the ceramic processing process mostly adopts a traditional mode, the processing period is long, only simple-surface ceramic parts can be processed, the precision is not high, and the requirements on parts used in high technology cannot be met;
the patent of application No. 2020107784439 discloses a ceramic part grinding method and grinding equipment, the grinding equipment comprises a workbench, a grinding mechanism and a feeding mechanism, the top of the workbench is provided with the grinding mechanism and the feeding mechanism, ceramic blades are sequentially placed in a material storage tank of a material storage seat, a second air pressure rod works to drive a push block to move until the push block is inserted into the material storage tank to push the ceramic blades in the material storage tank to the top side of a second sliding seat through a discharge tank, at the moment, the first air pressure rod works to drive the press block to press down to fix the ceramic blades, after the grinding is completed, a first air pressure rod rises, the second air pressure rod extends firstly to push down and then contract the ground ceramic blades, the ceramic blades in the material storage tank automatically fall down, and at the moment, the automatic feeding operation of the ceramic blades is completed through repeated operation;
the machining process and the grinding equipment can finish the operations of fixing, grinding and feeding and discharging of the ceramic part, but cannot perform the working procedures of roughing, semi-finishing, polishing and the like through multi-axis linkage machining so as to meet the requirement of machining the high-precision ceramic part with high efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a processing technology of a ceramic part and equipment thereof, which are used for solving the technical problem that the working procedures of roughing, semi-finishing, polishing and the like cannot be carried out through multi-shaft linkage processing in the prior art so as to meet the requirement of high-efficiency processing of high-precision ceramic parts.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a processing technology of a ceramic piece, which comprises the following steps:
s1, fixing the lower base and the middle base through UV glue, fixing the connecting column and the ceramic piece through UV glue to obtain a ceramic piece tool, and extruding the clamping plate by the ceramic piece tool and then installing the ceramic piece tool on a clamping table;
s2, carrying out five-axis linkage machining by using machining equipment of the ceramic part, grinding by using various grinding heads, and obtaining the cylindrical ceramic part through the procedures of chamfering and roughing at one end, chamfering and roughing at the other end, roughing at the end face, semi-finishing at the end face, polishing at the end face, roughing at the rolling body, semi-finishing at the rolling body, polishing at the rolling body, semi-finishing at the chamfering and finishing at the other end, and discharging waste materials generated in the grinding process from a material leakage hole.
As a further preferable scheme of the invention, the rough machining process adopts a 200# diamond grinding head, the semi-fine machining process adopts a 500# diamond grinding head, the fine machining process adopts a 800# diamond grinding head, and the polishing process adopts a PCD polycrystalline cutter.
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the material of the ceramic member is silicon nitride having a mohs hardness of 9.5.
As a further preferable scheme of the invention, the concrete process of five-axis linkage machining of the machining equipment of the ceramic part is as follows:
starting a fourth rotating motor, driving a third screw rod to rotate through a coupler, driving a nut seat to drive a machining table to do linear motion by the rotation of the third screw rod, and simultaneously enabling a sliding seat to slide along a sliding rail to keep the machining table to do stable linear motion along the path direction of the third screw rod;
starting a fifth rotating motor, wherein a motor shaft of the fifth rotating motor drives the rotating table to rotate, and the clamping table and the ceramic part tool also rotate along with the rotating table;
starting a first rotating motor, wherein a motor shaft of the first rotating motor drives a flange plate to rotate, and further drives a swinging plate and a reinforcing connecting plate to swing around the flange plate;
starting a second rotating motor, wherein a motor shaft of the second rotating motor drives a first lead screw to rotate, and a first nut seat in threaded connection with the first lead screw converts the rotating motion into linear motion and makes the linear motion along the path of the first lead screw;
and a third rotating motor is started, a motor shaft of the third rotating motor drives a second lead screw to rotate, a balancing weight in threaded connection with the second lead screw converts the rotating motion into linear motion, a grinding head structure is driven to move on the path of the second lead screw, the linkage in the z-axis direction is realized, a rotating rod is driven to rotate by the motor, and the grinding head rotates along with the rotating rod to grind, so that the five-axis linkage machining is realized.
The invention also provides a ceramic piece processing device, which is suitable for the ceramic piece processing technology and comprises a bed base, wherein a two-axis processing mechanism is arranged above the bed base, and three-axis processing mechanisms are arranged on two sides above the bed base through side mounting plates; the three-axis machining mechanism comprises a first rotating motor, swinging plates and a reinforcing connecting plate, wherein the first rotating motor is positioned on the outer side of one side mounting plate, a motor shaft of the first rotating motor penetrates through the side mounting plate, the two swinging plates are respectively positioned on the inner sides of the two side mounting plates and are rotatably connected with the side mounting plates through flange plates, two sides of the reinforcing connecting plate are respectively and integrally formed with the inner sides of the two swinging plates, and the motor shaft of the first rotating motor is coaxially connected with the flange plates;
the two-axis machining mechanism comprises a fourth rotating motor, a sliding table and a machining table, the path direction of the sliding table is perpendicular to the central axis of the first lead screw, the sliding table is fixedly arranged on a reinforced groove plate at the top of the bed base, a third lead screw is arranged at the center of the sliding table, two sliding rails are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the third lead screw, a motor shaft of the fourth rotating motor is connected with the third lead screw through a coupler, a nut seat in threaded connection with the third lead screw is arranged at the center of the bottom of the machining table, and sliding seats in sliding connection with the sliding rails are arranged on two sides of the bottom of the machining table; a fifth rotating motor is installed on one side above the processing table through a side plate, a motor shaft of the fifth rotating motor penetrates through the side plate and then is connected with a rotating table, a clamping table is arranged on the rotating table, and a tool for clamping and installing ceramic parts is arranged on the clamping table.
As a further preferable scheme of the present invention, the cross section of the swing plate is long waist-shaped and higher than the side mounting plate, the reinforcing connection plate is located at an upper position between the two swing plates, the swing plate and the reinforcing connection plate are provided with a y-axis linkage mechanism, the y-axis linkage mechanism includes a second rotating electrical machine, a first lead screw and a first nut seat, the first lead screw is horizontally arranged at a side portion of the reinforcing connection plate, a motor shaft of the second rotating electrical machine penetrates through the swing plate and then is rotatably connected with one end of the first lead screw, the other end of the second rotating electrical machine is rotatably connected with the first lead screw seat, and the first nut seat is located on a path of the first lead screw and is in threaded connection with the first lead screw.
As a further preferable scheme of the invention, a Z-axis linkage mechanism is arranged on a side wall of the first nut seat away from the reinforcing connection plate, the Z-axis linkage mechanism comprises a third rotating motor, a Z-axis plate and a second lead screw, the cross section of the Z-axis plate is in an inverted L shape and is fixedly connected with the first nut seat, the third rotating motor is positioned at the top of the Z-axis plate, a motor shaft of the third rotating motor penetrates through the Z-axis plate and is connected with one end of the second lead screw, a balancing weight is in threaded connection with a path of the second lead screw, and the bottom of the balancing weight is detachably connected with a grinding head structure.
As a further preferable scheme of the present invention, the grinding head structure includes a rotating rod, a connecting rod, and a grinding head, the rotating rod is rotatably connected to the bottom of the counter weight block and driven by a motor, the upper end of the connecting rod is connected to the bottom of the rotating rod, and the lower end is connected to the grinding head.
As a further preferred scheme of the invention, the ceramic part tool comprises a lower base at the bottom, a middle base arranged above the lower base and a ceramic part arranged above the middle base, wherein the ceramic part is connected with the middle base through a connecting column; wherein, the lower base and the middle base are both cuboid; the length, the width and the height of the lower base are all larger than those of the middle base.
As a further preferable scheme of the invention, a plurality of top grooves are equidistantly arranged at the top of the reinforced groove plate, and a plurality of inner grooves are equidistantly arranged inside the reinforced groove plate; the bottom of the bed base is provided with a reinforcing base, two sides of the top of the reinforcing base are in contact with the side wall of the bed base through side fixing plates, bolts penetrate through the side fixing plates and are fixed with the bed base, and vibration damping springs are wound on threads of the bolts; a plurality of vibration damping rubber columns are uniformly distributed in the inner cavity of the reinforcing base, and the tops and the bottoms of the vibration damping rubber columns are in compression contact with the rubber gaskets;
the main body of the clamping table is cylindrical, a plurality of buffer clamping mechanisms are distributed in an annular array in an inner cavity, each buffer clamping mechanism comprises a limiting cavity, a torsion spring extending towards the center of the clamping table is arranged in each limiting cavity, and the end part of each torsion spring is connected with a clamping plate; the area of the clamping table outside the buffer clamping mechanism is provided with a plurality of through material leaking holes.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the processing technology of the ceramic part adopts the mode of UV adhesive fixation and extrusion clamping, the ceramic part tool is stably arranged on the clamping table, the condition that the sizes of workpieces are inconsistent due to shaking in the grinding process is avoided, five-axis linkage processing is carried out through the processing equipment of the ceramic part, the multi-step procedures of roughing, semi-finishing and polishing are carried out by matching with various grinding heads, the processing and adjustment are flexible, the requirement of high-efficiency processing of high-precision ceramic parts is met, and the processing precision of the cylindrical ceramic part reaches the following parameters: the diameter of the cylinder is less than 2 μm, the surface of the cylinder is 0.125 μm, the end surface is 0.2 μm, and the chamfer angle is 1.25 μm.
2. According to the processing equipment for the ceramic part, the two-axis processing mechanism and the three-axis processing mechanism are arranged on the bed base, the two-axis processing mechanism realizes the horizontal x-axis movement of the processing table through the cooperation of the fourth rotating motor and the third lead screw, and the processing table rotates along the axial direction of the rotating table through the cooperation of the fifth rotating motor and the rotating table; the three-axis machining mechanism is matched with the swing plate and the reinforcing connecting plate through the first rotating motor to realize axial rotation around the first rotating motor, and is matched with the inherent linkage mechanism to realize axial movement of the y axis and the z axis, so that five-axis linkage is realized, and high-precision and high-efficiency machining of complex ceramic structural parts is met.
3. The reinforcing groove plate is arranged at the top of the bed base, the reinforcing base is arranged at the bottom of the bed base, and the top groove and the inner groove in the reinforcing groove plate can reduce the weight and relieve the vibration caused in the linkage processing process; the bolt penetrates through the side fixing plate to be fixed with the bed base, and the vibration damping spring is wound on the thread of the bolt, so that the vibration generated transversely on the bed base in the linkage machining process can be relieved; a plurality of damping rubber posts that strengthen the base inner chamber setting cooperate the rubber gasket to have good resilience anti vibration performance, can alleviate the vibration of the vertical production of bed base in the linkage course of working.
4. When a tool of a ceramic part needs to be placed, the clamping plate is inwards extruded, the torsion spring is compressed and moves inwards along the limiting cavity, and the tool of the ceramic part is stably clamped by the clamping plate under the action of elastic stress of the torsion spring; the arrangement of the material leakage hole also facilitates the timely discharge of waste materials in the grinding process, and the influence on the cleanliness caused by the fact that the waste materials are left on the clamping table is avoided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional view of the apparatus for processing ceramic parts according to the invention, without the reinforcing base;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the apparatus for processing ceramic parts according to the present invention, without showing the reinforcing base;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the apparatus for processing ceramic parts according to the present invention, without the reinforcing base;
FIG. 4 is a side view of the apparatus for processing ceramic parts according to the present invention, without the reinforcing base;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the bed, the reinforcing channel plate and the reinforcing base;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a clamping station of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a tooling structure for a ceramic part according to the present invention;
fig. 8 is a front view of a grinding head structure of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a front view of another grinding head structure of the invention.
Reference numerals: 100. a bed base; 110. reinforcing the channel plate; 111. a top groove; 112. an inner tank; 120. a reinforcing base; 121. a side fixing plate; 122. a bolt; 123. a damping spring; 124. a vibration damping rubber column; 125. a rubber gasket; 200. a two-axis machining mechanism; 210. a fourth rotating electrical machine; 211. a coupling; 220. a sliding table; 221. a third lead screw; 222. a slide rail; 230. a processing table; 231. a sliding seat; 232. a fifth rotating electrical machine; 233. a rotating table; 234. a clamping table; 235. a buffer clamping mechanism; 236. a limiting cavity; 237. a torsion spring; 238. a clamping plate; 239. a material leaking hole; 240. a side plate; 300. a side mounting plate; 400. a three-axis machining mechanism; 410. a first rotating electrical machine; 420. a swing plate; 430. reinforcing the connecting plate; 440. a y-axis linkage mechanism; 441. a second rotating electrical machine; 442. a first lead screw; 443. a first nut seat; 444. a first lead screw base; 450. a Z-axis linkage mechanism; 451. a third rotating electrical machine; 452. a Z-axis plate; 453. a second lead screw; 454. a balancing weight; 460. a grinding head structure; 461. rotating the rod; 462. a connecting rod; 463. grinding the head; 470. a flange plate; 500. a ceramic piece; 510. a lower base; 520. a middle seat; 530. connecting columns.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1 to 9, the present embodiment provides a processing technology of a ceramic part, including the following steps:
s1, fixing the lower base 510 and the middle base 520 through UV glue, fixing the connecting column 530 and the ceramic piece 500 through UV glue to obtain a ceramic piece tool, and extruding the clamping plate 238 by the ceramic piece tool to be installed on the clamping table 234;
s2, performing five-axis linkage machining by using machining equipment of the ceramic part, grinding by using a plurality of grinding heads 463, and performing the procedures of chamfering and roughing at one end, chamfering and roughing at the other end, roughing at the end face, semi-finishing at the end face, polishing at the end face, roughing at the rolling body, semi-finishing at the rolling body, polishing at the rolling body, semi-finishing at the chamfering and finishing at one end, finishing at the chamfering and semi-finishing at the other end and finishing at the other end to obtain the cylindrical ceramic part, wherein waste materials generated in the grinding process are discharged from a material leakage hole 239; the rolling body refers to the outer wall of the cylindrical ceramic piece; wherein, the rough process adopts a 200# diamond grinding head, the semi-fine process adopts a 500# diamond grinding head, the fine process adopts a 800# diamond grinding head, the polishing process adopts a PCD polycrystalline cutter, and the ceramic piece is made of silicon nitride with the Mohs hardness of 9.5.
The processing precision of the ceramic piece reaches the following parameters: the diameter of the cylinder is less than 2 μm, the surface of the cylinder is 0.125 μm, the end surface is 0.2 μm, and the chamfer angle is 1.25 μm.
The concrete process of five-axis linkage machining of the machining equipment of the ceramic part is as follows:
starting the fourth rotating motor 210, the fourth rotating motor 210 drives the third lead screw 221 to rotate through the coupler 211, the rotation of the third lead screw 221 drives the nut seat to drive the machining table 230 to make linear motion, and meanwhile, the sliding seat 231 slides along the sliding rail 222, so as to keep the machining table 230 making stable linear motion along the path direction of the third lead screw 221;
starting the fifth rotating motor 232, wherein a motor shaft of the fifth rotating motor 232 drives the rotating table 233 to rotate, and the clamping table 234 and the ceramic part 500 rotate along with the rotating table;
starting the first rotating motor 410, wherein a motor shaft of the first rotating motor 410 drives the flange plate 470 to rotate, and further drives the swinging plate 420 and the reinforcing connecting plate 430 to swing around the flange plate 470;
the second rotating motor 441 is started, a motor shaft of the second rotating motor 441 drives the first lead screw 442 to rotate, and the first nut seat 443 in threaded connection with the first lead screw 442 converts the rotating motion into a linear motion, and moves linearly along the path of the first lead screw 442;
the third rotating motor 451 is started, a motor shaft of the third rotating motor 451 drives the second lead screw 453 to rotate, the balancing weight 454 in threaded connection with the second lead screw 453 converts the rotating motion into linear motion, the grinding head structure 460 is driven to move on the path of the second lead screw 453, linkage in the z-axis direction is achieved, the motor drives the rotating rod 461 to rotate, the grinding head 463 rotates along with the rotating rod to conduct grinding, and five-axis linkage machining is achieved.
The processing technology of the ceramic part adopts the mode of UV (ultraviolet) glue adhesion fixation and extrusion clamping, the ceramic part tool is stably installed on the clamping table 234, the condition that the workpiece size is inconsistent due to shaking in the grinding process is avoided, five-axis linkage processing is carried out through the processing equipment of the ceramic part, the multi-step procedures of roughing, semi-finishing and polishing are carried out by matching with various grinding heads 463, the processing and adjustment are flexible, and the requirement of high-efficiency processing of high-precision ceramic parts is met.
Example 2:
the embodiment provides a processing equipment of ceramic part for carry out engraving process to ceramic material's structure, through the engraving process of five-axis linkage, process out the comparatively complicated structure of structure, improve engraving process's precision and efficiency.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1-4, the ceramic piece processing equipment comprises a bed 100, a two-axis processing mechanism 200 is arranged above the bed 100, and three-axis processing mechanisms 400 are arranged on two sides above the bed 100 through side mounting plates 300; the three-axis machining mechanism 400 comprises a first rotating motor 410, swinging plates 420 and a reinforcing connecting plate 430, wherein the first rotating motor 410 is located on the outer side of one side mounting plate 300, a motor shaft of the first rotating motor penetrates through the side mounting plate 300, the two swinging plates 420 are respectively located on the inner sides of the two side mounting plates 300 and are rotatably connected with the side mounting plates 300 through flange plates 470, two sides of the reinforcing connecting plate 430 are respectively and integrally formed with the inner sides of the two swinging plates 420, and the motor shaft of the first rotating motor 410 is coaxially connected with the flange plates 470. After the first rotating electrical machine 410 is started, the flange 470 is driven to rotate by the motor shaft of the first rotating electrical machine 410, and the swinging plate 420 and the reinforcing connecting plate 430 are further driven to swing around the flange 470.
The two-axis machining mechanism 200 comprises a fourth rotating motor 210, a sliding table 220 and a machining table 230, wherein the path direction of the sliding table 220 is perpendicular to the central axis of a first lead screw 442, the sliding table 220 is fixedly arranged on a reinforced groove plate 110 at the top of the bed 100, a third lead screw 221 is arranged at the center of the sliding table 220, two sliding rails 222 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the third lead screw 221, a motor shaft of the fourth rotating motor 210 is connected with the third lead screw 221 through a coupler 211, a nut seat in threaded connection with the third lead screw 221 is arranged at the center of the bottom of the machining table 230, and sliding seats 231 in sliding connection with the sliding rails 222 are arranged on two sides of the bottom of the machining table 230; a fifth rotating motor 232 is mounted on one side above the processing table 230 through a side plate 240, a rotating table 233 is connected to a motor shaft of the fifth rotating motor 232 after passing through the side plate 240, a clamping table 234 is provided on the rotating table 233, and a tool for mounting the ceramic part 500 is clamped on the clamping table 234.
When the fourth rotating motor 210 is started, the fourth rotating motor 210 drives the third lead screw 221 to rotate through the coupling 211, the nut seat driven by the rotation of the third lead screw 221 drives the machining table 230 to make linear motion, and meanwhile, the sliding seat 231 slides along the sliding rail 222, so that the machining table 230 is kept to make stable linear motion along the path direction of the third lead screw 221; when the fifth rotating motor 232 is started, the motor shaft of the fifth rotating motor 232 drives the rotating table 233 to rotate, and the clamping table 234 and the tool for the ceramic member 500 also rotate.
In the ceramic piece processing apparatus of the present embodiment, the two-axis processing mechanism 200 and the three-axis processing mechanism 400 are disposed on the bed 100, the two-axis processing mechanism 200 realizes the horizontal x-axis movement of the processing table 230 by the fourth rotating motor 210 in cooperation with the third lead screw 221, and realizes the axial rotation of the processing table 230 along the rotating table 233 by the fifth rotating motor 232 in cooperation with the rotating table 233; the three-axis machining mechanism 400 realizes the rotation around the axial direction of the first rotating motor 410 by the cooperation of the first rotating motor 410, the swinging plate 420 and the reinforcing connecting plate 430, and realizes the movement in the y-axis and z-axis directions by the cooperation of the inherent linkage mechanism, thereby realizing five-axis linkage and meeting the requirement of high-precision and high-efficiency machining of complex ceramic structural members.
The section of the swing plate 420 is long waist-shaped and is higher than the side mounting plate 300, the reinforcing connecting plate 430 is located at the upper position between the two swing plates 420, the y-axis linkage mechanism 440 is arranged on the swing plate 420 and the reinforcing connecting plate 430, the y-axis linkage mechanism 440 comprises a second rotating motor 441, a first lead screw 442 and a first nut seat 443, the first lead screw 442 is horizontally arranged at the side part of the reinforcing connecting plate 430, a motor shaft of the second rotating motor 441 penetrates through the swing plates 420 and then is rotatably connected with one end of the first lead screw 442, the other end of the second rotating motor is rotatably connected with the first lead screw seat 444, and the first nut seat 443 is located on the path of the first lead screw 442 and is in threaded connection with the first lead screw 442. When the second rotating motor 441 is turned on, the motor shaft of the second rotating motor 441 drives the first lead screw 442 to rotate, and the first nut holder 443 screwed to the first lead screw 442 converts the rotational motion into a linear motion, and moves linearly along the path of the first lead screw 442.
The side wall of the first nut seat 443, which deviates from the reinforcing connection plate 430, is provided with a Z-axis linkage mechanism 450, the Z-axis linkage mechanism 450 comprises a third rotating motor 451, a Z-axis plate 452 and a second lead screw 453, the cross section of the Z-axis plate 452 is in an inverted L shape and is fixedly connected with the first nut seat 443, the third rotating motor 451 is positioned at the top of the Z-axis plate 452, a motor shaft of the third rotating motor runs through the Z-axis plate 452 and is connected with one end of the second lead screw 453, a balancing weight 454 is in threaded connection with the path of the second lead screw 453, and the bottom of the balancing weight 454 is detachably connected with a grinding head structure 460. After the third rotating motor 451 is started, the motor shaft of the third rotating motor 451 drives the second lead screw 453 to rotate, the counterweight 454 in threaded connection with the second lead screw 453 converts the rotating motion into linear motion, the grinding head structure 460 is driven to move on the path of the second lead screw 453, the linkage in the z-axis direction is realized, and in the actual use process, the grinding head structure 460 is driven by the motor to grind the ceramic part 500.
As shown in fig. 7, in the embodiment, the shape of the ceramic element 500 is preferably a cylinder, the tool of the ceramic element 500 includes a lower base 510 at the bottom, a middle base 520 disposed above the lower base 510, and the ceramic element 500 disposed above the middle base 520, and the ceramic element 500 is connected to the middle base 520 through a connecting column 530; wherein, the lower base 510 and the middle base 520 are both rectangular; the lower base 510 has a length, width and height greater than the middle base 520. The ceramic member 500 is preferably made of silicon nitride, the lower base 510 is made of aluminum, the middle base 520 and the connecting column 530 are made of glass, the lower base 510 and the middle base 520 are fixed by UV glue, and the connecting column 530 and the ceramic member 500 are fixed by UV glue.
As shown in fig. 8-9, the grinding head structure 460 of the present embodiment includes a rotating rod 461, a connecting rod 462, and a grinding head 463, the rotating rod 461 is rotatably connected with the bottom of the counterweight 454 and driven by a motor, the upper end of the connecting rod 462 is connected with the bottom of the rotating rod 461, and the lower end is connected with the grinding head 463; the shape of the grinding head 463 is a cylindrical shape as shown in fig. 8 or an umbrella-shaped structure with a chamfer as shown in fig. 9, and the grinding head 463 selects diamond grinding heads or PCD polycrystalline cutters of models 200#, 500#, 800# according to the actual processing procedure.
As shown in fig. 5, the reinforced slot plate 110 is made of aluminum alloy or stainless steel, a plurality of top slots 111 are equidistantly formed at the top of the reinforced slot plate 110, and a plurality of inner slots 112 are equidistantly formed inside the reinforced slot plate; the bottom of the bed base 100 is provided with a reinforcing base 120, two sides of the top of the reinforcing base 120 are contacted with the side wall of the bed base 100 through side fixing plates 121, bolts 122 penetrate through the side fixing plates 121 to be fixed with the bed base 100, and vibration damping springs 123 are wound on the threads of the bolts 122; the inner cavity of the reinforcing base 120 is uniformly distributed with a plurality of damping rubber columns 124, and the top and the bottom of the damping rubber columns 124 are in pressing contact with the rubber gasket 125.
By arranging the reinforcing groove plate 110 at the top of the bed 100 and arranging the reinforcing base 120 at the bottom, the top groove 111 and the inner groove 112 in the reinforcing groove plate 110 can reduce the weight and relieve the vibration caused in the linkage processing process; the bolt 122 penetrates through the side fixing plate 121 to be fixed with the bed 100, and the vibration reduction spring 123 is wound on the thread of the bolt 122, so that the vibration generated transversely to the bed 100 in the linkage machining process can be relieved; the plurality of vibration-damping rubber columns 124 arranged in the inner cavity of the reinforcing base 120 and the rubber gasket 125 have good resilience and vibration resistance, and can alleviate the vibration generated in the longitudinal direction of the bed 100 in the linkage processing process.
The main body of the clamping table 234 is cylindrical, a plurality of buffer clamping mechanisms 235 are distributed in an annular array in an inner cavity, each buffer clamping mechanism 235 comprises a limiting cavity 236, a torsion spring 237 extending towards the center of the clamping table 234 is arranged in each limiting cavity 236, and the end of each torsion spring 237 is connected with a clamping plate 238; a plurality of material leaking holes 239 are arranged in the area of the clamping platform 234 outside the buffering clamping mechanism 235. The cross-section of the clamping plate 238 is arc-shaped, rectangular, semicircular, etc. to fit the ceramic member 500.
When a tool of the ceramic part 500 needs to be placed, the clamping plate 238 is pressed inwards, the torsion spring 237 is compressed and moves inwards along the limiting cavity 236, and under the action of the elastic stress of the torsion spring 237, the clamping plate 238 stably clamps the tool of the ceramic part 500; the arrangement of the material leakage hole 239 also facilitates the timely discharge of waste materials in the grinding process, and the influence on the cleanliness caused by the fact that the waste materials are left on the clamping table 234 is avoided.
The foregoing is merely exemplary and illustrative of the present invention and various modifications, additions and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art to the specific embodiments described without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The machining process of the ceramic part is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, fixing the lower base (510) and the middle base (520) through UV glue, fixing the connecting column (530) and the ceramic piece (500) through UV glue to obtain a ceramic piece tool, and mounting the ceramic piece tool on the clamping table (234) after extruding the clamping plate (238);
s2, performing five-axis linkage machining by using machining equipment of the ceramic part, grinding by using various grinding heads (463), and performing the procedures of chamfering and roughing at one end, chamfering and roughing at the other end, roughing at the end face, semi-finishing at the end face, polishing at the end face, roughing at the rolling body, semi-finishing at the rolling body, polishing at the rolling body, semi-finishing at the chamfering and finishing at one end, semi-finishing at the chamfering and semi-finishing at the other end, and finishing at the chamfering at the other end to obtain the cylindrical ceramic part, wherein waste materials generated in the grinding process are discharged from a material leakage hole (239).
2. The machining process of a ceramic piece according to claim 1, wherein the rough machining process adopts a 200# diamond grinding head, the semi-fine machining process adopts a 500# diamond grinding head, the fine machining process adopts an 800# diamond grinding head, and the polishing process adopts a PCD polycrystalline cutter.
3. The process of claim 1, wherein the ceramic part is made of silicon nitride having a mohs hardness of 9.5.
4. The machining process of the ceramic part according to claim 1, wherein the machining equipment of the ceramic part performs five-axis linkage machining in the specific process that:
starting a fourth rotating motor (210), driving a third lead screw (221) to rotate by the fourth rotating motor (210) through a coupler (211), driving a nut seat to drive a machining table (230) to do linear motion by the rotation of the third lead screw (221), and simultaneously sliding a sliding seat (231) along a sliding rail (222) to keep the machining table (230) to do stable linear motion along the path direction of the third lead screw (221);
starting a fifth rotating motor (232), wherein a motor shaft of the fifth rotating motor (232) drives the rotating table (233) to rotate, and the clamping table (234) and the tool of the ceramic piece (500) also rotate along with the rotating table;
starting the first rotating motor (410), wherein a motor shaft of the first rotating motor (410) drives the flange plate (470) to rotate, and further drives the swinging plate (420) and the reinforcing connecting plate (430) to swing around the flange plate (470);
a second rotating motor (441) is started, a motor shaft of the second rotating motor (441) drives a first lead screw (442) to rotate, a first nut seat (443) in threaded connection with the first lead screw (442) converts the rotating motion into linear motion, and the linear motion is carried out along the path of the first lead screw (442);
the third rotating motor (451) is started, a motor shaft of the third rotating motor (451) drives the second lead screw (453) to rotate, the balancing weight (454) in threaded connection with the second lead screw (453) converts the rotating motion into linear motion, the grinding head structure (460) is driven to move on the path of the second lead screw (453) to achieve linkage in the z-axis direction, the motor drives the rotating rod (461) to rotate, the grinding head (463) rotates along with the rotating rod to perform grinding, and five-axis linkage machining is achieved.
5. A processing device of ceramic parts is suitable for the processing technology of the ceramic parts as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, and is characterized by comprising a bed base (100), wherein a two-axis processing mechanism (200) is arranged above the bed base (100), and three-axis processing mechanisms (400) are arranged on two sides above the bed base (100) through side mounting plates (300); the three-axis machining mechanism (400) comprises a first rotating motor (410), swinging plates (420) and a reinforcing connecting plate (430), wherein the first rotating motor (410) is positioned on the outer side of one side mounting plate (300), a motor shaft of the first rotating motor penetrates through the side mounting plate (300), the two swinging plates (420) are respectively positioned on the inner sides of the two side mounting plates (300) and are rotatably connected with the side mounting plates (300) through flange plates (470), the two sides of the reinforcing connecting plate (430) are respectively and integrally formed with the inner sides of the two swinging plates (420), and the motor shaft of the first rotating motor (410) is coaxially connected with the flange plates (470);
the two-axis machining mechanism (200) comprises a fourth rotating motor (210), a sliding table (220) and a machining table (230), the path direction of the sliding table (220) is perpendicular to the central axis of a first lead screw (442), the sliding table (220) is fixedly arranged on a reinforced groove plate (110) at the top of the bed base (100), a third lead screw (221) is arranged at the center of the sliding table (220), two sliding rails (222) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the third lead screw (221), a motor shaft of the fourth rotating motor (210) is connected with the third lead screw (221) through a coupler (211), a nut seat in threaded connection with the third lead screw (221) is arranged at the center of the bottom of the machining table (230), and sliding seats (231) in sliding connection with the sliding rails (222) are arranged on two sides of the bottom of the machining table (230); a fifth rotating motor (232) is installed on one side above the processing table (230) through a side plate (240), a motor shaft of the fifth rotating motor (232) penetrates through the side plate (240) and then is connected with a rotating table (233), a clamping table (234) is arranged on the rotating table (233), and a tool provided with a ceramic piece (500) is clamped on the clamping table (234).
6. The ceramic piece processing equipment as claimed in claim 5, wherein the swing plates (420) are long waist-shaped in cross section and higher than the side mounting plates (300), the reinforcing connecting plate (430) is located at an upper position between the two swing plates (420), the swing plates (420) and the reinforcing connecting plate (430) are provided with a y-axis linkage mechanism (440), the y-axis linkage mechanism (440) comprises a second rotating motor (441) and a first lead screw (442), the first nut seat (443) is horizontally arranged on the side portion of the reinforcing connecting plate (430), a motor shaft of the second rotating motor (441) penetrates through the swinging plate (420) and then is rotatably connected with one end of the first lead screw (442), the other end of the second rotating motor is rotatably connected with the first lead screw seat (444), and the first nut seat (443) is located on the path of the first lead screw (442) and is in threaded connection with the first lead screw (442).
7. The ceramic piece processing equipment as claimed in claim 6, wherein a Z-axis linkage mechanism (450) is arranged on a side wall of the first nut seat (443) facing away from the reinforcing connection plate (430), the Z-axis linkage mechanism (450) comprises a third rotating motor (451), a Z-axis plate (452) and a second lead screw (453), the cross section of the Z-axis plate (452) is in an inverted L shape and is fixedly connected with the first nut seat (443), the third rotating motor (451) is positioned on the top of the Z-axis plate (452), a motor shaft of the third rotating motor penetrates through the Z-axis plate (452) and is connected with one end of the second lead screw (453), a balancing weight (454) is in a threaded connection with the path of the second lead screw (453), and a grinding head structure (460) is detachably connected to the bottom of the balancing weight (454).
8. The ceramic member processing apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein said grinding head structure (460) comprises a rotating rod (461), a connecting rod (462), and a grinding head (463), the rotating rod (461) is rotatably connected with the bottom of the balancing weight (454) and is driven by a motor, the upper end of the connecting rod (462) is connected with the bottom of the rotating rod (461), and the lower end is connected with the grinding head (463).
9. The ceramic piece processing equipment as claimed in claim 5, wherein the ceramic piece (500) tooling comprises a bottom base (510), a middle base (520) arranged above the bottom base (510), and a ceramic piece (500) arranged above the middle base (520), wherein the ceramic piece (500) is connected with the middle base (520) through a connecting column (530); wherein, the lower base (510) and the middle base (520) are both in a cuboid shape; the length, width and height of the lower base (510) are all larger than the middle base (520).
10. The ceramic member processing apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein a plurality of top grooves (111) are provided at the top of the reinforcing groove plate (110) at equal intervals, and a plurality of inner grooves (112) are provided at the inner part at equal intervals; the bottom of the bed base (100) is provided with a reinforcing base (120), two sides of the top of the reinforcing base (120) are in contact with the side wall of the bed base (100) through a side fixing plate (121), a bolt (122) penetrates through the side fixing plate (121) to be fixed with the bed base (100), and a damping spring (123) is wound on the thread of the bolt (122); a plurality of vibration damping rubber columns (124) are uniformly distributed in the inner cavity of the reinforcing base (120), and the tops and the bottoms of the vibration damping rubber columns (124) are in pressing contact with rubber gaskets (125);
the main body of the clamping table (234) is cylindrical, a plurality of buffering clamping mechanisms (235) are distributed in an annular array in an inner cavity, each buffering clamping mechanism (235) comprises a limiting cavity (236), a torsion spring (237) extending towards the center of the clamping table (234) is arranged in each limiting cavity (236), and the end part of each torsion spring (237) is connected with a clamping plate (238); the clamping table (234) is provided with a plurality of through material leaking holes (239) in the area outside the buffering clamping mechanism (235).
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| CN202110865653.6A CN113547431A (en) | 2021-07-29 | 2021-07-29 | Processing technology and equipment for ceramic part |
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