CN1135473A - Non-gunpowder blasting composition - Google Patents

Non-gunpowder blasting composition Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1135473A
CN1135473A CN95120417A CN95120417A CN1135473A CN 1135473 A CN1135473 A CN 1135473A CN 95120417 A CN95120417 A CN 95120417A CN 95120417 A CN95120417 A CN 95120417A CN 1135473 A CN1135473 A CN 1135473A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
weight
particle diameter
composition
aluminium
dust
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Granted
Application number
CN95120417A
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Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN1064658C (en
Inventor
冲津敏洋
铃木直人
吉沢智
板野良一
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Japan Kohki Engineering K. K.
Original Assignee
TAISEI CONSTRUCTION CO Ltd
Japan Kohki Engineering K K
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Publication of CN1135473A publication Critical patent/CN1135473A/en
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Publication of CN1064658C publication Critical patent/CN1064658C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
    • C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
    • C06B23/009—Wetting agents, hydrophobing agents, dehydrating agents, antistatic additives, viscosity improvers, antiagglomerating agents, grinding agents and other additives for working up
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
    • E21C37/16—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by fire-setting or by similar methods based on a heat effect

Abstract

The present invention provides good stability, good security at the time of manufacture and use, low-vibration consisting of non-powder composition, and low-noise blasting combinations. A non-explosive breaking composition for breaking rock or concrete includes 100 parts by weight of a thermit mixture which consists of 15-30 wt% of aluminum powder containing 95% or more of fine particles having a particle diameter of 44 mu m or below, a dust scattering preventing agent and an antioxidant, and 70-80 wt% of copper oxide containing 95% of more of fine particles having a particle diameter of 74 mu m or below; and 80-120 parts by weight of a cracked gas generator. The aluminum powder is preferably dedust aluminum containing 2 wt% or below of polytetrafluoroethylene as the dust scattering preventing agent and 1-2 wt% of stearic acid or aluminum stearate as the antioxidant. The cracked gas generating agent is preferably an inorganic compound having water of crystallization, such as potassium alum excluding borax, which generates steam with application of a high temperature.

Description

Non-gunpowder blasting composition
The present invention relates to non-gunpowder blasting composition with fragility bodies such as low vibration, low noise instant blasting concrete structure, basement rock.
Past is at the concrete destroyer that has mainly used suitable gunpowder class aspect the fragility bodies such as blowing up concrete works, basement rock, explosive etc.And then, be that the swelling property blasting agent of principal constituent also is suggested with lime etc., and listing.
These respectively have its merits and demerits.For example, the gunpowder class is to fragility body blasting efficiency height such as basement rock, but vibration, noise during explosion, according to used gunpowder class and very big, needs construction permits when adopting these, and can not carry out experimental enforcement easily.
On the other hand, the swelling property blasting agent, vibration, noise when broken are low, nor must construction permits and adopt easily, but chronic till reaction finishes, so blasting efficiency is bad, with the construction method difference of above-mentioned gunpowder not how much.
In order to overcome the two shortcoming, and provide operating efficiency high constructional method, a kind of low vibration, low noise blasting agent (the system ガ ニ サ イ of Japan Kohki Engineering K.K. Block-) (spy opens flat 2-204384 communique) of non-gunpowder blasting agent arranged.
These are and the identical way of the constructional method of gunpowder class, do not need construction permits, destroy the construction method of fragility body rapidly, thereby are the blasting agents that does not have the excellence of sense of crisis for the site operation personnel.
Above-mentioned blasting agent is the composition that is made of aluminium, cupric oxide and decomposition gas propellant.
Wherein, aluminium is the reductive agent of thermite, it with as the reaction of the cupric oxide of oxygenant, the speed that induces reaction is high and produce the thermite reaction of high reaction heat, by the decomposition gas propellant is decomposed, the pressure that instantaneous generation fragility body bursting strength is above is so that destroy.
Therefore, the destructive characteristics of above-mentioned blasting agent, yes depends on the size of thermite reaction degree.
But, produce this reaction, as the aluminium of thermite reaction composition, be to improve speed of response, perhaps for keeping reactive well, the aluminium that needs are very fine and surface-area is big.
So the aluminium of high surface area is easy to oxidation, in case oxidized, thermite reaction not only can not produce enough reaction heat, and reduces its speed of response, can not supply the heat of abundant decomposition decomposition gas propellant, may fail during then explosion fragility body.
Like this, itself the variation of chemistry, physics aspect character state of raw material generally be called through the time change, but according to this through the time change the performance situation of deterioration significantly also arranged.
In addition, as previously mentioned, owing to use the micro mist of aluminium, there is the danger of dust explosion in dust from flying during manufacturing under worst case.
The present invention makes in order to solve the problem that above-mentioned past exists, its purpose be to provide a kind of ageing stability good and also when making and the security of when use good, by the low vibration that non-powder composition constitutes, the blasting composition of low noise.
In order to finish its purpose, non-gunpowder blasting composition of the present invention is by the particulate below the particle diameter 44 μ m that contain with size-grade distribution more than 95%, and contain dust from flying prevent agent and oxidation inhibitor aluminium powder 15-30 weight % and, with size-grade distribution contain the cupric oxide 70-80 weight % below the particle diameter 74m more than 95% and thermite 100 weight parts formed and, decomposition gas propellant 80-120 weight part constitutes.
In addition, non-gunpowder blasting composition of the present invention, it is characterized in that aluminium powder be contain dust from flying prevent agent tetrafluoroethylene 2 weight % following and, as the stearic acid of oxidation inhibitor or the dedusting aluminium of aluminum stearate 1-2 weight %.
And then non-gunpowder blasting composition of the present invention is characterized in that the decomposition gas propellant removes borax, has the inorganics that the potassium alum that produces water vapour etc. etc. has crystal water when being heated to high temperature.
So in non-gunpowder blasting composition of the present invention, make thermite contain particulate below the particle diameter 44 μ m more than 95% by size-grade distribution, and contain dust from flying prevent agent and oxidation inhibitor aluminium powder 15-30 weight % and, containing particle diameter more than 95% with size-grade distribution is that cupric oxide 70-80 weight % below the 74 μ m constitutes, so can keep and non-gunpowder blasting agent in the past equal above incendivity and fragility body blasting performance, and prevent that by in aluminium, adding dust from flying agent from making dedusting aluminium, can improve when making thus and the security when using, owing to be added into the effect of the oxidation inhibitor in the aluminium, can significantly improve the ageing stability of goods simultaneously.
Wherein, when the granularity of also having confirmed to make aluminium was 44 μ m following (average diameter 17-23 μ m), even bigger than particle diameter in the past as the cupric oxide of thermit reaction oxygenant, the performance of its non-gunpowder blasting composition was almost also constant.
In addition, aluminium in non-gunpowder blasting composition of the present invention, use the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) of the following scope of 2 weight % as preventing dust from flying, even the very fine particle size below the fine size to 44 of the aluminium μ m, also can prevent flying upward of dust, and use stearic acid or the aluminum stearate of 1-2 weight % as oxidation inhibitor, can improve the ageing stability of non-gunpowder blasting composition.
Usually, the aluminium of the dedustingization of this based fine particles has water tolerance, and therefore, it is wet and can be diffused in the character of the water surface to have the surface when putting into water.Thus, the particle size distribution analysis of time-consuming needn't be carried out, but just its globule size can be worked out substantially by the dedusting aluminium of observing 1g spreads great area on the water surface test method.With the fineness of the particle diameter of this method research, be expressed as the index of water hiding rare (W.C.A).Therefore, this value is big more just represents that its particle diameter is more little.
And then, in non-gunpowder blasting composition of the present invention, wherein the decomposition gas propellant is the material that produces material such as water vapour when being subjected to high temperature, for example, the mineral compound that has crystal water in potassium alum, the single nickel salt equimolecular, the high temperature by thermite reaction discharges crystal water and emits as water vapour instantaneous.Certainly preferably this decomposition gas is harmless water vapour.Consider from this viewpoint,, exist near the combustiblematerials that burns as previously mentioned though the explosion of using the sucrose that can take place human body comparison innocuous gas, Jie's acetaldehyde etc. also fragility to be stopped produces effect; The shortcoming that does not have sufficient crushing effect.
Fig. 1 is the explanatory view for expression heat test method.
Describe the present invention in detail according to embodiment below.
Embodiment 1
Add the vinylchlorid powder of 12.5 weight parts for the acetone of 100 weight parts, mix fully, make the tackiness agent liquid (to call tackiness agent liquid in the following text) that has dissolved vinylchlorid.
Containing dust preventing agent PTFE (tetrafluoroethylene) 1.7 weight parts, in aluminium powder (PF0100S of japan Aluminum Co., Ltd's system) 23 weight parts below the particle diameter 44 μ m of oxidation inhibitor stearic acid 1.5 weight parts, add the following cupric oxide of particle diameter 74 μ m (day is advanced ケ system コ Co., Ltd. system) 77 weight parts, mix fully.
To wherein adding above-mentioned tackiness agent liquid 12 weight parts and potassium alum (KAl (SO again 4) 2.12H 2O) (Taimei Chemicals Co., Ltd.'s system) 100 weight parts further mix fully.
Then with these mixtures, after sieving with JIS standard sieve 8 orders, air-dry more than 12 hours.The about 250g of the test portion of drying is filled into internal diameter 27 Φ mm, in the system of the moulding cylindrical shell of length 400mm, and installs after the special-purpose ignition element assembly, light a fire in sand, measuring its combustionvelocity is 218 meter per seconds.
And then, deposit 1 year after, when measuring the combustionvelocity of said composition certainly, be 215 meter per seconds, and after depositing 2 years, almost do not change with 215 meter per seconds.
This combustionvelocity is to measure with the optical fiber explosion velocity tester (EXPLOMET-FO) of コ Application チ Na イ ト ロ society system.
Embodiment 2
Cooperate in the same manner with embodiment 1, but wherein potassium alum content has increased by 20 weight parts.
Embodiment 3
Cooperate in the same manner with embodiment 1, but wherein the particle diameter of cupric oxide is below the 44 μ m that potassium alum is to have reduced by 20 weight parts simultaneously.
Embodiment 4
Cooperate in the same manner with embodiment 1, but when changing wherein thermite (aluminium and cupric oxide) amount, the particle diameter that makes cupric oxide is below the 44 μ m.
Embodiment 5
Cooperate similarly to Example 1, but changed when wherein thermite (aluminium and cupric oxide) is measured, the particle diameter that makes cupric oxide is below the 44 μ m.
Embodiment 6
Cooperate similarly to Example 4, but replace potassium alum with tschermigite (Taimei Chemicals Co., Ltd.'s system).
Embodiment 7
Cooperate similarly to Example 5, but replace potassium alum with single nickel salt (7 water salt) (reagent).
Embodiment 8
Cooperation similarly to Example 1, but replace potassium alum with tschermigite.
Embodiment 1-8 is suitable for aim of the present invention, all has excellent performance and usability, but shows also that wherein embodiment 8 is better at aspect of performance.
Comparative example 1
Do not contain dust-proofing agent, add acetone 77 weight parts in aluminium powder 23 weight parts below the particle diameter 44 μ m of oxidation inhibitor, and then add following cupric oxide 77 weight parts of a particle diameter 44 μ m, mix well.
Then, in tackiness agent liquid, add the above-mentioned aluminium powder of 12 weight parts and the mixture of cupric oxide, further mix well.After this add potassium alum 100 weight parts, further mix.
Then, make this mixture by 8 purpose JIS standard sieves, air-dry 12 hours.Wherein take out about 250g reagent, be filled into internal diameter 27 φ mm, in the plastic cylinder of length 400mm, after the dress special ignition tool, light a fire in sand, measuring its combustionvelocity is 215 meter per seconds.
And then depositing and measuring the said composition combustionvelocity after 1 year is 208 meter per seconds, and further depositing after 2 years is 166 meter per seconds, shows that performance obviously worsens.
Comparative example 2
Cooperation similarly to Example 1, but with borax (Na 2B 4O 7.10H 2O) replace potassium alum.
Similarly being filled into and having measured combustionvelocity in the plastic cylinder is 130 meter per seconds.
Owing to partially hardened, ageing stability is bad as can be seen after 1 year for said composition.
Comparative example 3
At the PTFE that contains as dust-proofing agent is 2 weight parts, in aluminium powder 23 weight parts below the stearic particle diameter 44 μ m of 2.3 weight parts of oxidation inhibitor, add following cupric oxide 77 weight parts of particle diameter 44 μ m, add tackiness agent liquid 12 weight parts and sucrose 100 weight parts again, mix well.After this, by 8 purpose JIS standard sieves, air-dry 12 hours.
When it is measured combustionvelocity with embodiment 1 with quadrat method, be 185 meter per seconds.The burning slag of said composition always has dried tendency of smoldering, if nearby when combustiblematerials is arranged, the danger of prolonging burning is arranged.
Comparative example 4
With comparative example 3 same cooperating, but with Jie's acetaldehyde (reagent) place of sucrose.
Similarly being filled in the plastic cylinder, when measuring combustionvelocity, is the low value of 110 meter per seconds, and can find out has some unreacted reactants.
Here, this reagent is spread out on the asbestos, finds out that produce the seston of white fiber shape, reactant gases is also emitted foreign odor during with other ignition element assembly burning.
Below the result of expression the foregoing description and comparative example in the table 1.
In the table 1, stearic acid/aluminum stearate refers to either party of stearic acid or stearic aluminium.
About ageing stability, its degree is divided 5 grades, with numeric representation, but for manufacturing/safety in utilization, with/mark grade and representing in addition separately.
Friction; The sensation of dropping hammer degree, separately to 7 grades, 8 grades, numerical value is big more insensitive with regard to representing more.
Table 1 (proportioning is a weight part)
Sample No. Embodiment 1 ???2 ??3 ????4 ????5 ????6 ????7 ????8 Comparative example 1 ????2 ????3 ????4
Thermite Below the aluminium powder 44 μ m ???23 ?23 ??23 ??15 ???30 ??15 ???30 ??23 ??23 ???23 ???23 ???23
W.C.A(m 3/g) ???1.50 1.70 ??1.68 ?1.78 ???1.65 ??1.56 ???1.79 ??1.69 ??1.05 ???1.63 ???1.52 ???1.70
Stearic acid/aluminum stearate ???1.5 1.6 ??1.3 ?1.2 ???1.4 ??1.8 ???1.7 ??1.6 ???1.8 ???2.3 ???1.2
PTFE ???1.7 1.6 ??1.9 ?1.5 ???1.6 ??1.8 ???1.9 ??1.8 ???1.8 ???2.0 ???1.8
Cupric oxide (μ m) Below 74 ???77 77 ???77
Below 44 ??77 ?85 ???70 ??85 ???70 ??77 ??77 ???77 ???77
Decompose propellant Potassium alum ???100 120 ??80 ?100 ???100 ??100
Tschermigite ノ バ Application ??100 ??100
Single nickel salt ??100
Borax ???100
Sucrose ???100
Jie's acetaldehyde ??100
Ageing stability ????5 5 ??5 ??5 ??5 ??4 ??4 ??5 ??3 ???2 ???5 ???4
Friction sensitivity (JIS method) ????7 7 ??7 ??7 ??7 ??7 ??7 ??7 ??7 ???7 ???7 ???7
The sensitivity of dropping hammer (JIS method) ????6 8 ??8 ??8 ??7 ??6 ??7 ??6 ??5 ???5 ???5 ???7
Manufacturing/safety in utilization ????5/4 5/5 ??5/4 ??5/5 ??5/5 ??5/5 ??5/4 ??5/5 ??3/3 ???5/5 ???4/2 ???4/2
Speed of response (m/sec) ????218 195 ??220 ??165 ??187 ??218 ??147 ??344 ??215 ???180 ???185 ???110
But, ageing stability and manufacturing/safety in utilization project divide 5 grades (1: bad, 2: bad slightly.3: general, 4: good slightly, 5: good).
In addition, PTFE and stearic acid/aluminum stearate are the parts by weight that add for 100 weight part aluminium.
Below, prevent that for dust from flying the effect of agent and the effect of oxidation inhibitor from describing.
Prevent the additive effect of agent by dust from flying, in the weighing operation and mixed processes of raw material, almost there is not dust from flying, so not only reduce because the danger of the static presence of fire accident of metal-powder, and its dust is reduced by the probability that human body absorbed, then do not need large-scale gas barrier yet, improve operating environment greatly.
On the other hand, additive effect by oxygenant, added the composition of the embodiment 1 of oxidation inhibitor, when studying its speed of response, as shown in table 2, in the preservation period in 1 year, though almost do not change with the composition of the comparative example 1 that does not add oxidation inhibitor, but when preserving more than 1.5 years, find out that the composition react speed of comparative example 1 reduces the 30-50 meter per second, obviously find out the effect of oxidation inhibitor.
Table 2
Through the time change test-results (speed of response (meter per second))
Stearic acid After just having finished test After 6 months After 12 months After 18 months After 24 months Sample size
The composition of embodiment 1 ????218 ????210 ????215 ????218 ????215 ????274×400mm
The composition of comparative example 1 ????215 ????215 ????208 ????188 ????166 The same
In addition, as shown in table 3 during as the heat test of hot environment test in gunpowder class regulation law clearly in the stability test of expression, improved about 35% stability.
Table 3
Heat test result
Stearic acid Weight g before the test Test back weight g Weight loss on heating % Test method(s)
The composition of embodiment 1 10.000 9.988 0.12 With the heat test method of clearly representing in the gunpowder class regulation law rule.
The composition of comparative example 1 10.000 9.981 0.19
Here, with Fig. 1 the heat test method is described.
At first, with sample fully removal moisture drying in the vacuum drier of (not illustrating among the figure) normal temperature.Then, with 10g sample 1 at end footpath 35mm, accurately weighing in the glass round tube type weighing bottle 2 with cover of height 50mm, and leave standstill 48 hours in keeping 75 ℃ moisture eliminator after, the amount that reduces is measured in accurately weighing once more.
If this decrement is 1/100th when following, and it is to carry out with good method that this sample 1 is designated as.
As mentioned above, according to the present invention, in the aluminium of forming by particulate, add stearic acid/aluminum stearate 1-2 weight % as oxidation inhibitor, preventing the oxidation of aluminium, and then add the dust that produces when the following tetrafluoroethylene of 2 weight % just can suppress to use the micro mist particle again.
Its result even the particle diameter of aluminium is made 44 μ m when following, does not have dust from flying yet, and uses fine like this aluminium, even the particle diameter of cupric oxide slightly slightly can not influence speed of response yet.

Claims (3)

1, a kind of non-gunpowder blasting composition, it is characterized in that it being to contain particulate below the particle diameter 44 μ m more than 95% by size-grade distribution, and contain anti-dust from flying agent and oxidation inhibitor aluminium powder 15-30 weight % and, the particulate that particle diameter 74 μ m are following, with size-grade distribution more than 95% cupric oxide 70-80 weight % and thermite 100 weight parts formed and, decomposition gas propellant 80-120 weight part constitutes.
2, the described non-gunpowder blasting composition of claim 1, it is characterized in that aluminium powder be contain the tetrafluoroethylene of the anti-dust from flying agent of the following conduct of 2 weight % and 1-2 weight % as the stearic acid of oxidation inhibitor or the dedusting aluminium of aluminum stearate.
3, the described non-gunpowder blasting composition of claim 1 is characterized in that the decomposition gas propellant is the inorganics that the potassium alum of removing borax and produce water vapour etc. when increasing temperature etc. has crystal water.
CN95120417A 1994-12-19 1995-12-19 Non-gunpowder blasting composition Expired - Lifetime CN1064658C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP6314945A JP2965193B2 (en) 1994-12-19 1994-12-19 Non-explosive crushing composition
JP314945/94 1994-12-19
JP314945/1994 1994-12-19

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CN1064658C CN1064658C (en) 2001-04-18

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GB (1) GB2296270B (en)
HK (1) HK1008148A1 (en)

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JP3813560B2 (en) * 2002-09-12 2006-08-23 河合石灰工業株式会社 Composition for crushing
JP4818583B2 (en) * 2003-11-07 2011-11-16 日本工機株式会社 Insensitive high-power non-explosive crushing agent
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JP6534317B2 (en) * 2015-09-01 2019-06-26 カヤク・ジャパン株式会社 Crusher composition
TR2022013875A2 (en) * 2022-09-06 2022-09-21 Amity Ham Petrol Ve Dogal Gaz Arama Ve Ueretim Anonim Sirketi A NEW CHEMICAL COMPOSITION FOR ELECTRONIC ACTIVATED CHEMICAL ROCK CRUSHING SYSTEM

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KR100276128B1 (en) 2000-12-15
JP2965193B2 (en) 1999-10-18
KR960022409A (en) 1996-07-18
CN1064658C (en) 2001-04-18
GB2296270A (en) 1996-06-26
GB9525356D0 (en) 1996-02-14
JPH08169791A (en) 1996-07-02
GB2296270B (en) 1998-06-10
HK1008148A1 (en) 1999-04-30

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