CN113541819B - Time synchronization system for quantum key distribution - Google Patents
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- CN113541819B CN113541819B CN202110714808.6A CN202110714808A CN113541819B CN 113541819 B CN113541819 B CN 113541819B CN 202110714808 A CN202110714808 A CN 202110714808A CN 113541819 B CN113541819 B CN 113541819B
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/70—Photonic quantum communication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0201—Add-and-drop multiplexing
- H04J14/0202—Arrangements therefor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L7/00—Arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter
- H04L7/0075—Arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter with photonic or optical means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a time synchronization system for quantum key distribution, which comprises a first control unit, a first communication unit, a signal light generator, a synchronous light generator, optical wavelength division multiplexing, a second control unit, a second communication unit, a single photon detector, a synchronous light detector and optical wavelength division multiplexing, wherein: the signal light generator is used for generating a single photon signal, the synchronous light generator is used for generating synchronous light and magic word front guide light, and the optical wavelength division multiplexing equipment multiplexes the signal light and the synchronous light onto one optical fiber for transmission. The invention adopts a relative time synchronization method, alice transmits a magic word preamble light sequence on a synchronous light channel, delays a fixed time T or count value, and then transmits a single photon signal. Bob detects the leading light sequence, takes the detected leading light sequence as a base point, delays the same time or count value as Alice end, starts a single photon detector, starts position number counting, then continuously detects single photons, and records the position number of the single photons.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of quantum information processing and optical synchronization systems, in particular to a time synchronization system for quantum key distribution.
Background
In a quantum key distribution system, a sender Alice sends single photon signal photons at a certain working frequency, and a receiver Bob also has to detect photons at the same working frequency. And (3) recording the position number of the correctly detected photon and the measurement base by Bob, sending the position number and the measurement base to Alice through a classical network, comparing the base vectors at the Alice end, and checking whether the measurement base information returned by Bob is consistent with the measurement base of the quantum bit in the transmission process at the position number one-to-one correspondence place. Alice tells Bob, via the classical network, which measurement bases are correct at which locations. Then, both Alice and Bob perform the next bit error rate estimation, key error correction and confidentiality amplification post-processing.
The key problem is that Alice end and Bob end for base vector comparison are in one-to-one correspondence with each other, so that base position number measurement is meaningful. The receiving and transmitting parties need to establish a reliable time synchronization system, and bit alignment during Alice and Bob base vector comparison is guaranteed.
Because the pulse width of the quantum communication system is very narrow in operation, the synchronous system is determined to have the characteristics of high precision and high stability in nanosecond level. The stability of the synchronous system is insufficient, so that unnecessary error rate can be introduced, and even the whole system is completely misplaced and cannot be coded.
Quantum communication channels are divided into quantum channels, which are paths of photon transmission quantum states, and classical channels, which are channels of traditional classical communication information transfer.
Conventional QKD employs absolute time synchronization, such as GPS or beidou time service, where both Alice and Bob are provided with absolute time information per bit of information, or marked as a count relative to a certain GPS time start point. This approach is relatively complex and does not easily allow for high accuracy GPS or beidou signals.
Therefore, there is a need to improve the prior art to provide a time synchronization system of a quantum key distribution system with low cost and high synchronization accuracy.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, a time synchronization system of a quantum key distribution system with low cost and high synchronization precision is provided.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the time synchronization system for quantum key distribution comprises an Alice terminal and a Bob terminal, wherein the Alice terminal comprises a first control unit, a first communication unit, a signal light generator, a synchronous light generator and an optical wavelength division multiplexing device; the Bob end comprises a second control unit, a second communication unit, a single photon detector, a synchronous light detector, light wave decomposition multiplexing equipment, a frequency multiplier and a magic word front light guide detector, wherein:
the first control unit controls the signal light generator to generate single photon signal light; controlling the synchronous light generator to generate synchronous light and magic word front light;
the single photon signal light, the synchronous light and the magic word front light are input into an optical wavelength division multiplexing device, and the optical wavelength division multiplexing device multiplexes the single photon signal light, the synchronous light and the magic word front light onto one optical fiber for transmission;
the second control unit controls the single photon detector to detect single photon signal light, controls the synchronous light detector to detect synchronous light, and controls the magic word front light guide detector to detect magic word front light;
and (3) after photoelectric conversion of the synchronous optical signal of the Alice terminal, inputting the synchronous optical signal into a frequency multiplier of the Bob terminal to multiply the frequency to obtain a clock of the Bob terminal for receiving data, so that the edges of the Alice terminal and the clock of the Bob terminal are aligned, and the Alice terminal and the clock of the Bob terminal are homologous.
Preferably, the process of time synchronization between Alice end and Bob end is as follows:
step 1: the first control unit #1 of the Alice terminal sends a time synchronization command to the Bob terminal through a classical channel by the first communication unit #1, and the Bob terminal enters a receiving test synchronous light state after receiving the time synchronization command;
step 2: the Alice end sends test synchronous light on the quantum channel, and verifies the quantum channel between the Alice end and the Bob end, and the Bob end is in a state of detecting the test synchronous light at the moment:
if the synchronous light detector does not detect the test synchronous light, the system fails to synchronize;
if the synchronous light detector detects the test synchronous light, the Bob end replies a quantum channel detection ok frame through a classical channel, and at the moment, the Alice end is in a state of waiting to receive the Bob quantum channel detection frame;
step 3: the process of waiting to receive the Bob quantum channel detection frame by the Alice terminal is as follows:
if Alice end does not receive quantum channel detection ok frame replied by Bob end, system synchronization fails;
if Alice end correctly receives quantum channel detection ok frame replied by Bob end, transmitting magic word front light on synchronous light channel, wherein Bob is in state of detecting magic word front light;
step 4: the light guiding process of detecting the magic word at the Bob end is as follows:
if the magic word front light guide detector at the Bob end does not detect the magic word front light guide, the system synchronization fails;
if the magic word front light detector at the Bob end detects the magic word front light, replying an Alice end front light detection success frame through a classical channel, wherein the Alice end is in a delay time T state:
step 5: the process that Alice terminal is in the delay time T state is as follows:
if Alice end does not receive the frame of successful detection of the front light of Bob end within delay time T, the system synchronization fails;
if the Alice terminal receives the frame of successful detection of the leading light of the Bob terminal within the delay time T, the system is successful in synchronization, and the Alice terminal starts to send single photon signal light at the moment;
step 6: and after the Bob end correctly detects the magic word front light, delaying for a time T, and starting to detect the single photon signal light.
Preferably, the synchronization light and the single photon signal light are multiplexed on one optical fiber,
preferably, the synchronization light is of a different frequency than the single photon signal light.
Preferably, the Alice end firstly transmits the front light of the X bit magic word, and then delays Y synchronous photoperiod T, and then transmits the first single photon.
Preferably, after receiving the X bit magic word, the Bob detects the first photon after a delay time T.
Preferably, the synchronous light is equal to [ ]) MHz, single photon signal light is equal to [ K ]]MHz。
Preferably, the synchronization light is homologous to the single-photon signal light, and the synchronization light is obtained by dividing the single-photon signal light by n.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows: the invention adopts a relative time synchronization method, alice transmits a magic word preamble light sequence on a synchronous light channel, delays a fixed time T or count value, and then transmits a single photon signal. Bob detects the leading light sequence, takes the detected leading light sequence as a base point, delays the same time or count value as Alice ends, starts a single photon detector, starts position number counting, then continuously detects single photons, and records the position number of the single photons.
The method does not need external GPS or Beidou time synchronization, utilizes quantum channel synchronous light and relative time synchronization method to complete time synchronization of the receiving and transmitting ends, reduces cost and can achieve higher synchronization precision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the hardware principles of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a system time synchronization flow chart based on magic word preamble of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the synchronous frame format definition of the preamble with the magic word.
Description of the embodiments
The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples, for the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1-3, a time synchronization system for quantum key distribution includes an Alice end and a Bob end, where the time synchronization system includes a first control unit, a first communication unit, a signal light generator, a synchronization light generator, and an optical wavelength division multiplexing device; the Bob end comprises a second control unit, a second communication unit, a single photon detector, a synchronous light detector, light wave decomposition multiplexing equipment, a frequency multiplier and a magic word front light guide detector, wherein:
the first control unit controls the signal light generator to generate single photon signal light; controlling the synchronous light generator to generate synchronous light and magic word front light;
the single photon signal light, the synchronous light and the magic word front light are input into an optical wavelength division multiplexing device, and the optical wavelength division multiplexing device multiplexes the single photon signal light, the synchronous light and the magic word front light onto one optical fiber for transmission;
the second control unit controls the single photon detector to detect single photon signal light, controls the synchronous light detector to detect synchronous light, and controls the magic word front light guide detector to detect magic word front light;
and (3) after photoelectric conversion of the synchronous optical signal of the Alice terminal, inputting the synchronous optical signal into a frequency multiplier of the Bob terminal to multiply the frequency to obtain a clock of the Bob terminal for receiving data, so that the edges of the Alice terminal and the clock of the Bob terminal are aligned, and the Alice terminal and the clock of the Bob terminal are homologous.
The signal light generator is used for generating a single photon signal, and the synchronous light generator is used for generating synchronous light and magic word front light. The magic word leading light is a section of light pulse sequence with characteristic codes which is sent out before continuous synchronous light is sent, the magic word leading light pulse sequence is equivalent to the frame head of the synchronous light pulse sequence, and a receiving party can determine the starting position of the synchronous light through the detection and the discrimination of the frame head.
The principle of the magic word front light guide detector for detecting the magic word front light is as follows: the magic word preamble detector can detect the magic word feature code sequence by detecting the feature code in the light pulse sequence in the magic word preamble light pulse sequence, for example, the magic word feature code sequence is 1110010, and the method for detecting the feature code sequence 1110010 by the FPGA state machine can be as follows:
the initial state is S0, when the magic character feature code detector receives a '1', the magic character feature code detector enters an S1 state, if the magic character feature code detector enters an S2 state when the '1' is received in the S1 state, if the '1' is received in the S2 state, the magic character feature code detector enters an S3 state, if the '0' is received in the S3 state, the magic character feature code detector enters an S4 state, if the '0' is received in the S4 state, the magic character feature code detector enters an S5 state, if the '1' is received in the S5 state, the magic character feature code detector enters an S6 state, if the '0' is received in the S6 state, the magic character feature code detector enters an S7 state, if the magic character feature code detector is in the S7 state, a continuous feature code sequence '1110010' is received, and the result indicates that the front light guide of the magic character has been detected.
The method comprises the steps that a first control unit #1 at the Alice end sends a time synchronization command to a Bob end through a classical channel by a first communication unit #1, and after a second communication unit at the Bob end receives the time synchronization command, the time synchronization command is sent to a second control unit which controls the Bob to enter a receiving test synchronous light state;
the first control unit at Alice end controls the synchronous light generator to generate test synchronous light, the test synchronous light reaches Bob end through quantum channel, and the synchronous light detector at Bob end detects the received synchronous light.
If the synchronous light detector does not detect the test synchronous light within a certain time, the verification of the quantum channel fails, and the system synchronization fails;
if the synchronous light detector detects the test synchronous light, the second control unit at the Bob end replies a quantum channel detection ok frame through the classical channel by the second communication unit, and at the moment, the Alice end is in a state of waiting to receive the Bob quantum channel detection frame;
the state of Alice waiting to receive the Bob quantum channel detection frame is as follows:
if Alice end does not receive quantum channel detection frame replied by Bob end, system synchronization fails;
if Alice end correctly receives quantum channel detection frame replied by Bob end, the first control unit #1 controls the synchronous light generator to send magic word front light on the synchronous light channel, and at this time, the Bob end is in a state of detecting magic word front light;
the light guiding state of the front part of the magic word detected by the Bob end is as follows:
if the magic word front light detector at the Bob end does not detect the magic word front light, the system fails to synchronize;
if the Bob magic word preamble detector detects the magic word preamble, the second control unit #2 at the Bob end replies an Alice preamble detection success frame through the classical channel by the second communication unit #2, and Alice is in a delay time T state at this moment, and the specific value of T is as follows: 200 ms or more and 1000 ms or less.
The process that Alice terminal is in the delay time T state is as follows:
if Alice end does not receive the frame of successful detection of Bob preamble in delay time T, system synchronization fails;
if Alice receives the frame of successful detection of the Bob preamble in the delay time T, the system is successful in synchronization, and Alice starts to send single photons at the moment;
bob also delays time T after correctly detecting the magic word-preamble, starting to detect single photons.
Specifically, the synchronization light and the single-photon signal light are multiplexed on one optical fiber, and the synchronization light is different in frequency from the single-photon signal light.
The Alice end firstly transmits X bit magic word leading light, then Y synchronous photoperiod T (duration time T=Y×t, T is preset and equal to the delay time T), and the synchronous photoperiod is equal to T) delays and then transmits the first single photon.
After the Bob receives the X bit magic word and delays the same time T, the first photon is detected, so that the alignment of the detected photon and the first bit of the transmitted photon is ensured, and further, the one-to-one correspondence of the receiving and transmitting position numbers is ensured.
The synchronization light and the single photon signal light are multiplexed on one optical fiber, if the synchronization light is designed to have the same frequency as the single photon signal light, for example, the synchronization light is [ K ]]MHz. The synchronous light is strong light, and the single photon signal light is a single photon signal, so that the synchronous light can have a larger influence on the single photon signal light, and the bit rate is low. According to the invention, the synchronous light and the single photon signal light are designed into different frequencies, so that the interference of the synchronous light on the single photon signal light is reduced. Synchronous light equal to%) MHz, single photon signal light is equal to [ K ]]MHz. The synchronous light is homologous with the single photon signal light, and the synchronous light is formed by the single photon signalThe light is divided by n.
The invention reduces the influence of the synchronous light on the single photon signal light by transmitting the low-frequency synchronous signal. At the receiving end, a detector gating signal with the same optical frequency as the single photon signal is generated in a frequency multiplication mode of a frequency multiplier. Under the condition of the same signal light emitting rate, the synchronous system greatly reduces the influence of synchronous light on single photon signal light, reduces the error rate and improves the code rate.
The clock of the data received by the Bob is obtained by frequency multiplication of the Bob frequency multiplier after photoelectric conversion of the synchronous optical signal of the Alice, and the clock edges of the receiving and transmitting ends are considered to be aligned, so that the Alice end and the clock of the Bob end are homologous. After the Alice and Bob system time synchronization bits are aligned, the source synchronization mode ensures that the data receiving samples do not drift, the data sampling is stable, and the high-precision synchronization target is achieved.
Variations and modifications to the above would be obvious to persons skilled in the art to which the invention pertains from the foregoing description and teachings. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, but some modifications and changes of the invention should be also included in the scope of the claims of the invention. In addition, although specific terms are used in the present specification, these terms are for convenience of description only and do not constitute any limitation on the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The time synchronization system for quantum key distribution is characterized by comprising an Alice terminal and a Bob terminal, wherein the Alice terminal comprises a first control unit, a first communication unit, a signal light generator, a synchronous light generator and an optical wavelength division multiplexing device; the Bob end comprises a second control unit, a second communication unit, a single photon detector, a synchronous light detector, light wave decomposition multiplexing equipment, a frequency multiplier and a magic word front light guide detector, wherein:
the first communication unit is connected with the second communication unit through a classical channel; the optical wavelength division multiplexing equipment is connected with the optical wavelength division demultiplexing equipment through a quantum channel;
in the Alice terminal, the input ends of the signal light generator and the synchronous light generator are respectively connected with a first control unit, the output ends of the signal light generator and the synchronous light generator are respectively connected with optical wavelength division multiplexing equipment, and the first control unit is mutually connected with a first communication unit;
in the Bob end, the light wave decomposition multiplexing device, the single photon detector and the second control unit are sequentially connected, and the light wave decomposition multiplexing device, the synchronous light detector, the magic word front light detector and the second control unit are sequentially connected; the synchronous light detector is connected with the single photon detector through a frequency multiplier, and the second control unit is connected with the second communication unit;
the first control unit controls the signal light generator to generate single photon signal light; controlling the synchronous light generator to generate synchronous light and magic word front light;
the single photon signal light, the synchronous light and the magic word front light are input into an optical wavelength division multiplexing device, and the optical wavelength division multiplexing device multiplexes the single photon signal light, the synchronous light and the magic word front light onto an optical fiber for transmission;
the second control unit controls the single photon detector to detect single photon signal light, controls the synchronous light detector to detect synchronous light, and controls the magic word front light guide detector to detect magic word front light;
the synchronous optical signal of Alice terminal is input into a frequency multiplier of Bob terminal to multiply after photoelectric conversion of a synchronous optical detector so as to obtain a clock of receiving data of the Bob terminal;
the Alice terminal firstly transmits X bit magic word leading light, delays Y synchronous photoperiod T and transmits a first single photon signal light;
and after receiving the X bit magic word front light, the Bob detects the first single photon signal light after delaying for time T.
2. A time synchronization system for quantum key distribution according to claim 1, wherein the process of time synchronization between Alice side and Bob side is as follows:
step 1: the first control unit of the Alice terminal sends the time synchronization command to the Bob terminal through a classical channel by the first communication unit, and the Bob terminal enters a receiving test synchronous light state after receiving the time synchronization command;
step 2: the Alice end sends test synchronous light on the quantum channel, and verifies the quantum channel between the Alice end and the Bob end, and the Bob end is in a state of detecting the test synchronous light at the moment:
if the synchronous light detector does not detect the test synchronous light, the system fails to synchronize;
if the synchronous light detector detects the test synchronous light, the Bob end replies a quantum channel detection ok frame through a classical channel, and at the moment, the Alice end is in a state of waiting to receive the Bob quantum channel detection frame;
step 3: the process of waiting to receive the Bob quantum channel detection frame by the Alice terminal is as follows:
if Alice end does not receive quantum channel detection ok frame replied by Bob end, system synchronization fails;
if Alice end correctly receives quantum channel detection ok frame replied by Bob end, transmitting magic word front light on synchronous light channel, wherein Bob is in state of detecting magic word front light;
step 4: the light guiding process of detecting the magic word at the Bob end is as follows:
if the magic word front light guide detector at the Bob end does not detect the magic word front light guide, the system synchronization fails;
if the magic word front light detector at the Bob end detects the magic word front light, replying an Alice end front light detection success frame through a classical channel, wherein the Alice end is in a delay time T state:
step 5: the process that Alice terminal is in the delay time T state is as follows:
if Alice end does not receive the frame of successful detection of the front light of Bob end within delay time T, the system synchronization fails;
if the Alice terminal receives the frame of successful detection of the leading light of the Bob terminal within the delay time T, the system is successful in synchronization, and the Alice terminal starts to send single photon signal light at the moment;
step 6: and after the Bob end correctly detects the magic word front light, delaying for a time T, and starting to detect the single photon signal light.
3. A time synchronisation system for quantum key distribution as claimed in claim 2 wherein the synchronisation light and single photon signal light are multiplexed on one fibre.
4. A time synchronization system for quantum key distribution as claimed in claim 3 wherein the synchronization light is of a different frequency than the single photon signal light.
5. A time synchronization system for quantum key distribution as claimed in claim 2 wherein the synchronization light is equal toThe MHz, single photon signal light is equal to K MHz.
6. A time synchronization system for quantum key distribution as claimed in claim 5 wherein the synchronization light is homologous to the single photon signal light, the synchronization light being divided by n by the single photon signal light.
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| CN215420318U (en) | 2022-01-04 |
| CN113541940A (en) | 2021-10-22 |
| CN113541819A (en) | 2021-10-22 |
| CN113541940B (en) | 2023-07-07 |
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