CN113541819A - Time synchronization system for quantum key distribution - Google Patents
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- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
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Abstract
The invention discloses a time synchronization system for quantum key distribution, which comprises a first control unit, a first communication unit, a signal light generator, a synchronous light generator, light wavelength division multiplexing, a second control unit, a second communication unit, a single photon detector, a synchronous light detector and light wavelength division multiplexing, wherein: the signal light generator is used for generating single-photon signals, the synchronous light generator is used for generating synchronous light and magic character front light, and the optical wavelength division multiplexing equipment multiplexes the signal light and the synchronous light onto an optical fiber for transmission. The invention adopts a method of relative time synchronization, Alice sends a magic word front light guide sequence on a synchronous optical channel, delays a fixed time T or a counting value and then sends a single photon signal. Bob detects the front light guide sequence, takes the detected front light guide sequence as a base point, delays the time or the count value as the time or the count value of the Alice end, starts the single photon detector, starts position number counting, then continuously detects the single photon, and records the position number of the single photon.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of quantum information processing and optical synchronization systems, in particular to a time synchronization system for quantum key distribution.
Background
In a quantum key distribution system, a sender Alice sends signal photons at a certain operating frequency, and a receiver Bob must also detect photons at the same operating frequency. Bob records the position number and the measurement basis of the correctly detected photon, and sends the position number and the measurement basis to Alice through a classical network, and the Alice end is responsible for basis vector comparison, and checks whether the measurement basis information returned by Bob is consistent with the measurement basis of the qubit during sending at the position where the position numbers correspond to one another. Alice tells Bob, via the classical network, which measurement bases on the locations are correct. Then, both Alice and Bob carry out the next bit error rate estimation, key error correction and confidentiality amplification post-processing.
There is a key problem that the measured base position numbers of the Alice terminal and the Bob terminal used for base vector comparison have to be in one-to-one correspondence, and the base vector comparison for transmitting and receiving is meaningful. Both the transmitting and receiving sides need to establish a reliable time synchronization system to ensure bit alignment when Alice and Bob basis vectors are compared.
The pulse width of the quantum communication system during working is very narrow, and is in nanosecond order, so that the requirement of the synchronous system on high precision and high stability is determined. The stability of the synchronization system is not sufficient, which may not only introduce unnecessary bit error rate, but also may completely misplace the whole system and fail to form codes.
Quantum communication channels are divided into quantum channels, which are paths for photons to transmit quantum states, and classical channels, which are channels for conventional classical communication information transfer.
The traditional QKD adopts absolute time synchronization, such as GPS or beidou time service, and each bit of information at both ends of Alice and Bob is marked with absolute time information or marked as a count relative to a certain GPS time starting point. This approach is relatively complex and does not easily allow for high precision GPS or compass signals.
Therefore, it is necessary to improve the prior art to provide a time synchronization system of a quantum key distribution system with low cost and high synchronization precision.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, a time synchronization system of a quantum key distribution system with low cost and high synchronization precision is provided.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a time synchronization system for quantum key distribution comprises an Alice end and a Bob end, wherein the Alice end comprises a first control unit, a first communication unit, a signal light generator, a synchronous light generator and light wavelength division multiplexing; the Bob end comprises a second control unit, a second communication unit, a single photon detector, a synchronous light detector, a light wave decomposition multiplexer, a frequency multiplier and a magic word leading light detector, wherein:
the first control unit controls the signal light generator to generate single-photon signal light; controlling the synchronous light generator to generate synchronous light and magic character front light;
the new photon signal light, the synchronous light and the magic word preamble light are input into the optical wavelength division multiplexing equipment, and the optical wavelength division multiplexing equipment multiplexes the signal light, the synchronous light and the magic word preamble light onto one optical fiber for transmission;
the second control unit controls the single-photon detector to detect signal light, controls the synchronous light detector to detect synchronous light, and controls the magic word leading light detector to detect magic word leading light;
the synchronous optical signal of the Alice terminal is subjected to photoelectric conversion by the synchronous optical detector and then input to the frequency multiplier of the Bob terminal for frequency multiplication to obtain a clock for receiving data by the Bob terminal, therefore, the clock edges of the Alice terminal and the Bob terminal are aligned, and the clocks of the Alice terminal and the Bob terminal are homologous.
Preferably, the time synchronization process between the Alice terminal and the Bob terminal is as follows:
step 1: a first control unit #1 of the Alice terminal sends a time synchronization command to the Bob terminal through a classical channel through a first communication unit #1, and the Bob terminal enters a synchronous light receiving and testing state after receiving the time synchronization command;
step 2: the Alice end sends the testing synchronous light on the quantum channel, and verifies the quantum channel between the Alice end and the Bob end, and at the moment, the Bob end is in a state of detecting the testing synchronous light:
if the synchronous light detector does not detect the test synchronous light, the system synchronization fails;
if the synchronous light detector detects the test synchronous light, the Bob end replies a quantum channel detection ok frame through the classical channel, and at the moment, the Alice end waits for receiving the state of the Bob quantum channel detection frame;
and step 3: the process of waiting for receiving the Bob quantum channel detection frame by the Alice terminal is as follows:
if the Alice end does not receive the quantum channel detection ok frame replied by the Bob end, the system synchronization fails;
if the Alice end correctly receives the quantum channel detection ok frame replied by the Bob end, magic word forward light is sent on the synchronous optical channel, and at the moment, the Bob is in a state of detecting the magic word forward light;
and 4, step 4: the light guiding process before detecting the magic word by the Bob end is as follows:
if the magic word leading light detector at the Bob end does not detect the magic word leading light, the system synchronization fails;
if the magic character leading light detector at the Bob end detects that the magic character leads light, the leading light detection success frame at the Alice end is replied through the classical channel, and at the moment, the Alice end is in a delay time T state:
and 5: the process of the Alice terminal in the state of the delay time T is as follows:
if the Alice end does not receive the Bob end leading light detection success frame within the delay time T, the system synchronization fails;
if the Alice end receives a Bob end leading light detection success frame within the delay time T, the system synchronization is successful, and the Alice end starts to send a single photon;
step 6: and after the Bob end correctly detects the front light of the magic word, delaying the time T and starting to detect the single photon.
Preferably, the synchronization light and the signal light are multiplexed to be transmitted on one optical fiber,
preferably, the synchronization light is different in frequency from the signal light.
Preferably, the Alice end sends the X bit magic words to guide light in front of the Alice end, and then sends the first single photon after delaying Y synchronous light periods T.
Preferably, after the Bob end receives the X bit magic word and delays for a time T, the Bob end detects the first photon.
Preferably, the synchronization light is equal to
Signal light equal to [ K]MHz。
Preferably, the synchronization light is homologous to the signal light, and the synchronization light is obtained by dividing the signal light by n.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that: the invention adopts a method of relative time synchronization, Alice sends a magic word front light guide sequence on a synchronous optical channel, delays a fixed time T or a counting value and then sends a single photon signal. Bob detects the front light guide sequence, takes the detected front light guide sequence as a base point, delays the time or the count value as the time or the count value of the Alice end, starts the single photon detector, starts position number counting, then continuously detects the single photon, and records the position number of the single photon.
The method does not need to use an external GPS or Beidou time synchronization, utilizes quantum channel synchronous light and a relative time synchronization method to complete time synchronization of the receiving end and the transmitting end, reduces the cost and can achieve higher synchronization precision.
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FIG. 1 is a hardware schematic block diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of system time synchronization based on magic character front light guiding according to the present invention;
figure 3 is a diagram of the format definition of the preamble optical synchronization optical frame with magic word according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a time synchronization system for quantum key distribution includes an Alice terminal and a Bob terminal, and the time synchronization system includes a first control unit, a first communication unit, a signal light generator, a synchronous light generator, and optical wavelength division multiplexing; the Bob end comprises a second control unit, a second communication unit, a single photon detector, a synchronous light detector, a light wave decomposition multiplexer, a frequency multiplier and a magic word leading light detector, wherein:
the first control unit controls the signal light generator to generate single-photon signal light; controlling the synchronous light generator to generate synchronous light and magic character front light;
the new photon signal light, the synchronous light and the magic word preamble light are input into the optical wavelength division multiplexing equipment, and the optical wavelength division multiplexing equipment multiplexes the signal light, the synchronous light and the magic word preamble light onto one optical fiber for transmission;
the second control unit controls the single-photon detector to detect signal light, controls the synchronous light detector to detect synchronous light, and controls the magic word leading light detector to detect magic word leading light;
the synchronous optical signal of the Alice terminal is subjected to photoelectric conversion by the synchronous optical detector and then input to the frequency multiplier of the Bob terminal for frequency multiplication to obtain a clock for receiving data by the Bob terminal, therefore, the clock edges of the Alice terminal and the Bob terminal are aligned, and the clocks of the Alice terminal and the Bob terminal are homologous.
The signal light generator is used for generating single-photon signals, and the synchronous light generator is used for generating synchronous light and magic character front light. The magic word leading light pulse sequence is a section of light pulse sequence with characteristic codes sent out before sending continuous synchronous light, the magic word leading light pulse sequence is equivalent to a 'frame head' of the synchronous light pulse sequence, and a receiver can determine the initial position of the synchronous light through the detection and the judgment of the 'frame head'.
The principle that the magic character front light guide detector detects the front light guide of the magic character is as follows: the magic word preamble light detector detects the characteristic code in the light pulse sequence in the magic word preamble light pulse sequence, for example, the magic word characteristic code sequence is "1110010", the detection of the magic word characteristic code sequence can be realized by an FPGA state machine, and the method for detecting the characteristic code sequence "1110010" by the FPGA state machine is as follows:
the initial state is S0, when the magic word feature code detector receives a "1", the magic word feature code detector enters S1 state, if a "1" is received at the S1 state, the magic word feature code detector enters the S2 state, if a "1" is received at the S2 state, the magic word feature code detector enters the S3 state, if a "0" is received at the S3 state, the magic word feature code detector enters the S4 state, if a "0" is received at the S4 state, the magic word feature code detector enters the S5 state, if a "1" is received at the S5 state, the magic word feature code detector enters the S6 state, if a "0" is received at the S6 state, the magic word feature code detector enters the S7 state, if the magic word signature detector is in the state S7, it indicates that a consecutive signature sequence "1110010" has been received, which indicates that magic word preamble light has been detected.
A first control unit #1 of an Alice terminal sends a time synchronization command to a Bob terminal through a classical channel through a first communication unit #1, a second communication unit of the Bob terminal sends the time synchronization command to a second control unit after receiving the time synchronization command, and the second control unit controls the Bob to enter a synchronous light receiving and testing state;
the first control unit of Alice controls the synchronous light generator to generate test synchronous light, the test synchronous light reaches Bob end through a quantum channel, and the synchronous light detector of Bob end detects the received synchronous light.
If the synchronous light detector does not detect the test synchronous light within a certain time, the verification of the quantum channel fails, and the system synchronization fails;
if the synchronous light detector detects the test synchronous light, the second control unit of the Bob end replies a quantum channel detection ok frame through the classical channel through the second communication unit, and at the moment, the Alice end waits for receiving the state of the Bob quantum channel detection frame;
the states of the Alice terminal waiting for receiving the Bob quantum channel detection frame are as follows:
if the Alice end does not receive the quantum channel detection frame replied by the Bob end, the system synchronization fails;
if the Alice end correctly receives the quantum channel detection frame replied by the Bob end, the first control unit #1 controls the synchronous light generator to send magic word front light on the synchronous light channel, and at the moment, the Bob end is in a state of detecting the magic word front light;
the Bob end detects the light state in front of the magic word as follows:
if the magic word leading light detector at the Bob end does not detect the magic word leading light, the system synchronization fails;
if the Bob magic word preamble light detector detects the magic word preamble light, the second control unit #2 at the Bob end replies an Alice preamble light detection success frame through the second communication unit #2 via the classical channel, at this time, Alice is in a delay time T state, and the specific value of T is as follows: 200 milliseconds or more and 1000 milliseconds or less.
The process of the Alice terminal in the state of the delay time T is as follows:
if the Alice end does not receive the Bob leading light detection success frame within the delay time T, the system synchronization fails;
if the Alice receives the Bob leading light detection success frame within the delay time T, the system is synchronized successfully, and the Alice starts to send single photons;
and after Bob correctly detects the light before the magic word, the single photon starts to be detected after the same delay time T.
Specifically, the synchronization light and the signal light are multiplexed to be transmitted on one optical fiber, and the synchronization light and the signal light are different in frequency.
The Alice end sends an X bit magic word to guide light, and then sends a first single photon after delaying Y synchronous light periods T (the duration time T is Y T, T is preset and is equal to the delay time T, and the synchronous light period is equal to T).
After the Bob end receives the X bit magic word and delays for the same time T, the first photon is detected, the alignment of the first bit of the detected photon and the first bit of the transmitted photon is guaranteed, and the one-to-one correspondence of the transmitting position number and the receiving position number is further guaranteed.
The synchronous light and the signal light are multiplexed on one optical fiber for transmission if synchronousThe light is designed to have the same frequency as the signal light, e.g., [ K ]]And (4) MHz. The synchronous light is strong light, and the signal light is a single photon signal, so the synchronous light has a large influence on the signal light, and the resultant code rate is low. The invention designs the synchronous light and the signal light into different frequencies, thereby reducing the interference of the synchronous light to the signal light. Synchronous light equal to
Signal light equal to [ K]And (4) MHz. The synchronous light is homologous with the signal light, and the synchronous light is obtained by dividing the frequency of the signal light by n.
The invention reduces the influence of the synchronous light on the signal light by transmitting the low-frequency synchronous signal. And at a receiving end, a detector gating signal consistent with the optical frequency of the signal is generated in a frequency doubling mode of a frequency multiplier. Under the condition of the same signal light emitting rate, the synchronous system greatly reduces the influence of synchronous light on signal light, reduces the error rate and improves the code rate.
The clock for receiving data at the Bob end is obtained by the synchronous optical signal at the Alice end, the synchronous optical signal is subjected to photoelectric conversion by the synchronous optical detector, and the frequency of the synchronous optical signal is multiplied by the Bob frequency multiplier. After the time synchronization bits of the Alice and Bob systems are aligned, the source synchronization mode ensures that the data receiving sampling does not drift and the data sampling is stable, thereby achieving the aim of high-precision synchronization.
Variations and modifications to the above-described embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art, which fall within the scope and spirit of the above description. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and some modifications and variations of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention. Furthermore, although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
Claims (8)
1. A time synchronization system for quantum key distribution is characterized by comprising an Alice end and a Bob end, wherein the Alice end comprises a first control unit, a first communication unit, a signal light generator, a synchronous light generator and light wavelength division multiplexing; the Bob end comprises a second control unit, a second communication unit, a single photon detector, a synchronous light detector, a light wave decomposition multiplexer, a frequency multiplier and a magic word leading light detector, wherein:
the first control unit controls the signal light generator to generate single-photon signal light; controlling the synchronous light generator to generate synchronous light and magic character front light;
the new photon signal light, the synchronous light and the magic word preamble light are input into the optical wavelength division multiplexing equipment, and the optical wavelength division multiplexing equipment multiplexes the signal light, the synchronous light and the magic word preamble light onto an optical fiber for transmission;
the second control unit controls the single-photon detector to detect signal light, controls the synchronous light detector to detect synchronous light, and controls the magic word leading light detector to detect magic word leading light;
and the synchronous optical signal of the Alice end is subjected to photoelectric conversion by the synchronous optical detector and then input to the frequency multiplier of the Bob end for frequency multiplication to obtain a clock for receiving data by the Bob end.
2. The time synchronization system for quantum key distribution according to claim 1, wherein the time synchronization between Alice and Bob is performed as follows:
step 1: a first control unit of the Alice terminal sends a time synchronization command to the Bob terminal through a classical channel through a first communication unit, and the Bob terminal enters a synchronous light receiving and testing state after receiving the time synchronization command;
step 2: the Alice end sends the testing synchronous light on the quantum channel, and verifies the quantum channel between the Alice end and the Bob end, and at the moment, the Bob end is in a state of detecting the testing synchronous light:
if the synchronous light detector does not detect the test synchronous light, the system synchronization fails;
if the synchronous light detector detects the test synchronous light, the Bob end replies a quantum channel detection ok frame through the classical channel, and at the moment, the Alice end waits for receiving the state of the Bob quantum channel detection frame;
and step 3: the process of waiting for receiving the Bob quantum channel detection frame by the Alice terminal is as follows:
if the Alice end does not receive the quantum channel detection ok frame replied by the Bob end, the system synchronization fails;
if the Alice end correctly receives the quantum channel detection ok frame replied by the Bob end, magic word forward light is sent on the synchronous optical channel, and at the moment, the Bob is in a state of detecting the magic word forward light;
and 4, step 4: the light guiding process before detecting the magic word by the Bob end is as follows:
if the magic word leading light detector at the Bob end does not detect the magic word leading light, the system synchronization fails;
if the magic character leading light detector at the Bob end detects that the magic character leads light, the leading light detection success frame at the Alice end is replied through the classical channel, and at the moment, the Alice end is in a delay time T state:
and 5: the process of the Alice terminal in the state of the delay time T is as follows:
if the Alice end does not receive the Bob end leading light detection success frame within the delay time T, the system synchronization fails;
if the Alice end receives a Bob end leading light detection success frame within the delay time T, the system synchronization is successful, and the Alice end starts to send a single photon;
step 6: and after the Bob end correctly detects the front light of the magic word, delaying the time T and starting to detect the single photon.
3. A time synchronization system for quantum key distribution according to claim 2, wherein the synchronization light and the signal light are multiplexed for transmission over one optical fiber.
4. A time synchronization system for quantum key distribution according to claim 3, wherein the synchronization light is at a different frequency than the signal light.
5. The time synchronization system for quantum key distribution according to claim 2, wherein the Alice sends the X bit magic word for guiding light first, and then sends the first single photon after delaying Y synchronization photoperiods T.
6. The time synchronization system for quantum key distribution according to claim 5, wherein the Bob end detects the first photon after receiving the X bit magic word and delaying for a time T.
7. A time synchronization system for quantum key distribution according to claim 2, wherein the synchronization light equals
The signal light is equal to K MHz.
8. The time synchronization system for quantum key distribution according to claim 7, wherein the synchronization light is homologous to the signal light, and the synchronization light is obtained by dividing the signal light by n.
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| CN116170082A (en) * | 2023-04-26 | 2023-05-26 | 军事科学院系统工程研究院网络信息研究所 | Quantum communication method integrating communication time service |
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| CN114124383B (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2024-01-16 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Address hopping pattern generation method and device for multiplexing synchronous light and computer equipment |
| CN116170082A (en) * | 2023-04-26 | 2023-05-26 | 军事科学院系统工程研究院网络信息研究所 | Quantum communication method integrating communication time service |
| CN116170082B (en) * | 2023-04-26 | 2023-08-08 | 中国人民解放军军事科学院系统工程研究院 | Quantum communication method integrating communication time service |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN215420318U (en) | 2022-01-04 |
| CN113541940A (en) | 2021-10-22 |
| CN113541819B (en) | 2023-12-19 |
| CN113541940B (en) | 2023-07-07 |
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