CN113541325A - Isolated defibrillator - Google Patents
Isolated defibrillator Download PDFInfo
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- CN113541325A CN113541325A CN202110630386.4A CN202110630386A CN113541325A CN 113541325 A CN113541325 A CN 113541325A CN 202110630386 A CN202110630386 A CN 202110630386A CN 113541325 A CN113541325 A CN 113541325A
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- transformer
- rectifier
- patient
- isolation transformer
- energy storage
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- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 210000000115 thoracic cavity Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000003663 ventricular fibrillation Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 206010049418 Sudden Cardiac Death Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000014221 sudden cardiac arrest Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010003119 arrhythmia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000006793 arrhythmia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000038 chest Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002107 myocardial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033764 rhythmic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/38—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for producing shock effects
- A61N1/39—Heart defibrillators
- A61N1/3975—Power supply
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/50—Charging of capacitors, supercapacitors, ultra-capacitors or double layer capacitors
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to an isolation type defibrillator which comprises an isolation transformer module, wherein a primary coil end of a transformer of the isolation transformer module is connected with an energy storage capacitor through a discharge switch, a secondary coil end of the transformer of the isolation transformer module is connected with thoracic impedance of a patient, the discharge switch is switched on and then switched off within set threshold time each time when in work, direct current voltage on the energy storage capacitor is chopped to form high-frequency square waves, the secondary coils of the transformer of the isolation transformer module output square waves with the same frequency and the amplitude increased according to the turn ratio, and the square waves are rectified and filtered and then transmitted to the thoracic impedance of the patient. The invention utilizes the isolation transformation to carry out discharge defibrillation; namely, an isolation transformer is added between the energy storage capacitor and the patient, so that the energy storage capacitor and the patient are completely electrically insulated, and an isolation barrier is formed, thereby improving the safety of the defibrillator.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to an isolated defibrillator.
Background
Ventricular fibrillation refers to disorder of activation of the ventricles, resulting in the loss of regular and ordered activation and contraction functions of the ventricles, which are functional Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA). This means that the human heart has stopped pumping blood, which is a fatal arrhythmia. Ventricular fibrillation is a manifestation of extreme confusion in the electrical activity of the heart and is generally difficult to terminate on its own. Defibrillation by shock is currently the only effective method in the clinic to stop ventricular fibrillation. It makes all the myocardial cells depolarize at the same time by electric pulse with certain energy, and then repolarizes at the same time, so that the heart recovers sinus rhythm.
Defibrillators are devices that defibrillate the heart by applying electrical pulses to the patient's skin (external electrodes) or to the exposed heart (internal electrodes).
A defibrillator consists of three parts, a pulse generator and defibrillation energy storage and energy release. In order to achieve the needed defibrillation current and energy, the traditional defibrillator firstly charges a high-voltage energy storage capacitor by direct current, and directly discharges on the chest of a patient through an electrode after reaching higher voltage. The high-voltage large-current output device has potential danger to human bodies and is used for supporting and maintaining life, because hundreds of joules of energy are stored in the capacitor, the voltage is more than 1500V, the defibrillation current is as high as 40A; therefore, the medical device is listed as a third category of medical devices for management in the medical device classification catalog.
In order to improve the safety of the defibrillator, the discharge defibrillation is carried out by using isolation transformation; namely, an isolation transformer is added between the energy storage capacitor and the patient, so that the energy storage capacitor and the patient are completely electrically insulated to form an isolation barrier.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention discloses an isolated defibrillator which is used for improving the safety of the defibrillator.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses an isolated defibrillator which comprises an isolation transformer module, wherein the isolation transformer module comprises a push-pull type topological structure, a half-bridge type topological structure and a full-bridge type topological structure; the transformer primary coil end of the isolation transformer module is connected with an energy storage capacitor through a discharge switch, the transformer secondary coil end of the isolation transformer module is connected with the thoracic impedance of a patient, the discharge switch is switched on and then switched off within a set threshold time each time when the discharge switch works, then direct current voltage on the energy storage capacitor is chopped to form high-frequency square waves, the secondary coil secondary output frequencies of the isolation transformer module transformer are the same, the amplitude of the square waves is increased according to the turn ratio, and the square waves are transmitted to the thoracic impedance of the patient after being rectified and filtered.
Furthermore, the isolation transformer module is a push-pull isolation transformer module, the push-pull isolation transformer module is provided with a rectifier and a diode, and is provided with 2 discharge switches, and the emitting electrodes of the discharge switches are connected with the negative electrode of the energy storage capacitor; the collector of the discharge switch is respectively connected with the primary coil of the transformer; the middle tap of the primary coil of the transformer is connected with the positive electrode of the energy storage capacitor, the secondary coil of the transformer is connected with the alternating current input end of the rectifier, and the direct current output end of the rectifier is connected with the thoracic impedance of a patient; one end of the diode is connected with the emitting electrode of the discharge switch, and the other end of the diode is connected with the collector electrode of the discharge switch.
Furthermore, the diode is a transient voltage suppression diode for protecting the discharge switch, and the discharge switch is provided with a common ground terminal.
Furthermore, the isolation transformer module is a half-bridge isolation transformer module, the half-bridge isolation transformer module is provided with a capacitor and a rectifier, 2 discharge switches and 2 capacitors form a bridge arm respectively, the bridge arm is connected with a primary coil of the transformer, and the input end of the bridge arm is connected with an energy storage capacitor; the secondary coil of the transformer is connected with the alternating current input end of the rectifier, and the direct current output end of the rectifier is connected with the thoracic impedance of the patient.
Furthermore, during defibrillation, the discharge switches are alternately conducted in turn, symmetrical voltage waveforms are output from the secondary coil of the transformer, and are rectified by the rectifier to be converted into direct currents which are applied to thoracic impedance of a patient to achieve discharge defibrillation.
Furthermore, the isolation transformer module is a full-bridge isolation transformer module, the full-bridge isolation transformer module is provided with a rectifier and 4 discharge switches, the 4 discharge switches form two bridge arms of a full-bridge rectifier, connection points of the two bridge arms are respectively connected with a primary coil of the transformer, and input ends of the bridge arms are connected with the energy storage capacitor; the secondary coil of the transformer is connected with the alternating current input end of the rectifier, and the direct current output end of the rectifier is connected with the thoracic impedance of the patient.
Furthermore, when defibrillation is performed, the diagonal discharge switch groups are alternately conducted, symmetrical voltage waveforms are output from the secondary coil of the transformer, and are converted into direct currents after rectification by the rectifier, and the direct currents are applied to thoracic impedance of a patient, so that discharge defibrillation is realized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the energy storage capacitor is electrically isolated from a patient, energy is transferred to the patient by using the high-frequency magnetic field, floating ground isolation output can be realized, the safety of equipment is improved, the voltage of the energy storage capacitor is lower, and the safety of the equipment is further improved.
The invention can accurately control the defibrillation current by utilizing the duty ratio of the discharge switch, and the discharge switch works in a high-frequency state, thereby reducing the volume of the equipment.
The invention adopts a universal device, reduces the cost of equipment and is suitable for various types of defibrillators.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an isolated defibrillator according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a push-pull isolation transformer module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a half-bridge isolation transformer module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a full-bridge isolation transformer module according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment discloses an isolation type defibrillator shown in fig. 1, which includes an isolation transformer module, a transformer primary coil end of the isolation transformer module is connected with an energy storage capacitor through a discharge switch, a transformer secondary coil end of the isolation transformer module is connected with thoracic impedance of a patient, the discharge switch is turned on and then turned off within a set threshold time each time when working, and then chops direct-current voltage on the energy storage capacitor to form a high-frequency square wave, and square waves with the same secondary output frequency and the increased amplitude according to a turn ratio are output by a secondary coil of the transformer of the isolation transformer module and are transmitted to the thoracic impedance of the patient after being rectified and filtered.
The working of the embodiment requires two steps: first, the switch S is in position 1 and the dc power supply charges the energy storage capacitor C to 500V. The charging time is required to be not more than 10 s. The average charging power is about 50W. The second step is discharging. The switch S is connected with the position 2 and is communicated with the isolation transformer T. Because the transformer can not work under the direct current state, the switch S can only be connected with the position 2 for a short time at each time and then disconnected, and therefore the direct current voltage on the energy storage capacitor is chopped to form high-frequency square waves. The square waves with the same secondary output frequency and the amplitude increased according to the turn ratio of the transformer are transmitted to a patient after being rectified and filtered.
In this embodiment, the thoracic impedance R of the secondary patient of the transformer is translated to the primary Rp of the transformer by the square of the turns ratio. The equivalent Rp is connected in parallel with the storage capacitor C. The voltage on Rp therefore drops exponentially.
A discharge time constant; τ ═ cxrP。
Energy W stored in the storage capacitor is 1/2 × C × U2Wherein C is the capacity of the capacitor and U is the number of the capacitorA terminal voltage. Due to the boosting effect of the isolation transformer, the voltage required by defibrillation can be realized by the lower energy storage voltage.
In this embodiment, the voltage of the energy storage container is low voltage, so the discharge switch S may be a low-voltage, high-current power high-speed switch, such as an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT), an insulated gate field effect transistor (MOSFET), a silicon carbide field effect transistor (SiC-MOSFET), and the like, and these switch tubes are connected to the transformer to form a push-pull, half-bridge, or full-bridge symmetrical forward topology structure, so as to maintain the magnetic balance of the transformer during discharge and avoid saturation of the magnetic core.
In order to reduce the volume of the transformer, the switches work in a high-frequency state, namely 50 kHz-450 kHz; the defibrillation current and defibrillation energy can be controlled by adjusting the duty cycle of the switch.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 2, the present embodiment discloses a push-pull topology, wherein C is an energy storage capacitor, S1 and S2 are discharge switches, and T is an isolation transformer; b is a rectifier, and R is the body resistance of the patient; the emitters of the discharge switches S1 and S2 are connected with the cathode of the energy storage capacitor C; the collectors of the discharge switches S1 and S2 are respectively connected with the primary coil of the transformer; the middle tap of the primary side of the transformer is connected with the anode of the energy storage capacitor C; one ends of the diodes D1 and D2 are connected with the positive electrodes, and the other ends are respectively connected with the collectors of S1 and S2; the secondary coil of the transformer is connected with the alternating current input end of the rectifier B. The dc output of rectifier B is connected to patient resistor R.
In the defibrillation of the embodiment, the switches S1 and S2 are alternately switched on in turn, symmetrical voltage waveforms are output from the secondary coil of the transformer, and are converted into direct currents after rectification and applied to the body of a patient, so that the discharge defibrillation is realized. The defibrillation waveform is consistent with the voltage waveform on the energy storage capacitor, and is a monophasic exponential wave. Varying the duty cycles of S1 and S2 controls the discharge current, thereby varying the defibrillation waveform. If the connection direction of the rectifier diode is changed in the discharging process, the two-phase wave can be output.
The present embodiments D1 and D2 are transient voltage suppression diodes for protecting the discharge switches S1 and S2. The two switching devices have a common ground terminal, and the driving circuit is simple.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 3, the present embodiment discloses a half-bridge topology structure, wherein C is an energy storage capacitor, S1 and S2 are discharge switches, and T is an isolation transformer; b is a rectifier, and R is the body resistance of the patient; the discharge switches S1, S2 form one arm of the bridge, the other arm being formed by capacitors C1 and C2. The primary sides of the connection point transformers of the bridge arms are connected. The input end of the bridge arm is connected with the energy storage capacitor C; the secondary coil of the transformer is connected with the alternating current input end of the rectifier B. The dc output of rectifier B is connected to patient resistor R.
In the defibrillation of the embodiment, the switches S1 and S2 are alternately switched on in turn, symmetrical voltage waveforms are output from the secondary coil of the transformer, and are converted into direct currents after rectification and applied to the body of a patient, so that the discharge defibrillation is realized. The defibrillation waveform is consistent with the voltage waveform on the energy storage capacitor, and is a monophasic exponential wave. Varying the duty cycles of S1 and S2 controls the discharge current, thereby varying the defibrillation waveform. If the connection direction of the rectifier diode is changed in the discharging process, the two-phase wave can be output.
The half-bridge type transformer has the characteristic that the utilization rate of the magnetic core of the transformer is complete, and the maximum voltage stress on any switch is equal to the voltage of the energy storage capacitor. However, when any switch is on for a time, the primary side is loaded with only half of the storage capacitor voltage. The transformation ratio of the transformer is twice as high as that of the push-pull structure.
Example 4
Referring to fig. 4, the present embodiment discloses a full-bridge topology structure, where C is an energy storage capacitor, S1, S2, S3, and S4 are discharge switches, and T is an isolation transformer; b is a rectifier, and R is the body resistance of the patient; the discharge switches S1, S2 form one arm of the bridge and S3, S4 form the other arm. The connection points of the two bridge arms are respectively connected with the primary side of the transformer. The input end of the bridge arm is connected with the energy storage capacitor C; the secondary coil of the transformer is connected with the alternating current input end of the rectifier B. The dc output of rectifier B is connected to patient resistor R.
When the defibrillation is performed in the embodiment, the diagonal switch pair S1S 4 and S2S 3 are alternately conducted, symmetrical voltage waveforms are output from the secondary coil of the transformer, and are converted into direct current after rectification and applied to the body of a patient, so that the discharge defibrillation is realized. The defibrillation waveform is consistent with the voltage waveform on the energy storage capacitor, and is a monophasic exponential wave. The discharge current can be controlled by changing the duty ratio of the diagonal switch pair, so that the defibrillation waveform is changed. If the connection direction of the rectifier diode is changed in the discharging process, the two-phase wave can be output.
In conclusion, the energy storage capacitor is electrically isolated from the patient, the high-frequency magnetic field is utilized to transfer energy to the patient, floating ground isolation output can be realized, the safety of equipment is improved, the voltage of the energy storage capacitor is low, and the safety of the equipment is further improved.
The invention can accurately control the defibrillation current by utilizing the duty ratio of the discharge switch, and the discharge switch works in a high-frequency state, thereby reducing the volume of the equipment.
The invention adopts a universal device, reduces the cost of equipment and is suitable for various types of defibrillators.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An isolated defibrillator comprising an isolation transformer module, the isolation transformer module comprising a push-pull topology, a half-bridge topology, and a full-bridge topology; the transformer primary coil end of the isolation transformer module is connected with an energy storage capacitor through a discharge switch, the transformer secondary coil end of the isolation transformer module is connected with the thoracic impedance of a patient, the discharge switch is switched on and then switched off within a set threshold time each time when the discharge switch works, then direct current voltage on the energy storage capacitor is chopped to form high-frequency square waves, the secondary coil secondary output frequencies of the isolation transformer module transformer are the same, the amplitude of the square waves is increased according to the turn ratio, and the square waves are transmitted to the thoracic impedance of the patient after being rectified and filtered.
2. The isolated defibrillator of claim 1, wherein the isolation transformer module is a push-pull isolation transformer module having a rectifier and a diode, and having 2 discharge switches, the emitters of which are connected to the cathodes of the energy storage capacitors; the collector of the discharge switch is respectively connected with the primary coil of the transformer; the middle tap of the primary coil of the transformer is connected with the positive electrode of the energy storage capacitor, the secondary coil of the transformer is connected with the alternating current input end of the rectifier, and the direct current output end of the rectifier is connected with the thoracic impedance of a patient; one end of the diode is connected with the emitting electrode of the discharge switch, and the other end of the diode is connected with the collector electrode of the discharge switch.
3. The isolated defibrillator of claim 2 wherein the diode is a transient voltage suppression diode for protecting the discharge switch, the discharge switch having a common ground.
4. The isolated defibrillator of claim 1, wherein the isolation transformer module is a half-bridge isolation transformer module, the half-bridge isolation transformer module is provided with a capacitor and a rectifier, and 2 discharge switches and 2 capacitors form a bridge arm respectively, the bridge arm is connected with a primary coil of a transformer, and an input end of the bridge arm is connected with an energy storage capacitor; the secondary coil of the transformer is connected with the alternating current input end of the rectifier, and the direct current output end of the rectifier is connected with the thoracic impedance of the patient.
5. The isolated defibrillator of claim 2 or 4, wherein the discharge switches are alternately turned on during defibrillation, and a symmetrical voltage waveform is output from the secondary coil of the transformer, rectified by the rectifier and then converted into direct current, and applied to the thoracic impedance of the patient to achieve discharge defibrillation.
6. The isolated defibrillator of claim 1, wherein the isolation transformer module is a full-bridge isolation transformer module, the full-bridge isolation transformer module is provided with a rectifier and 4 discharge switches, the 4 discharge switches form two bridge arms of a full-bridge rectifier, connection points of the two bridge arms are respectively connected with a primary coil of the transformer, and input ends of the bridge arms are connected with the energy storage capacitor; the secondary coil of the transformer is connected with the alternating current input end of the rectifier, and the direct current output end of the rectifier is connected with the thoracic impedance of the patient.
7. The isolated defibrillator of claim 6, wherein during defibrillation, the diagonal discharge switch sets are alternately turned on, so that a symmetrical voltage waveform is output from the secondary coil of the transformer, and is rectified by the rectifier to be a direct current, which is applied to the thoracic impedance of the patient to achieve discharge defibrillation.
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| CN202110630386.4A CN113541325A (en) | 2021-06-07 | 2021-06-07 | Isolated defibrillator |
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-
2021
- 2021-06-07 CN CN202110630386.4A patent/CN113541325A/en active Pending
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| US5836981A (en) * | 1997-01-17 | 1998-11-17 | Paceseter, Inc. | Pacemaker circuit and associated methods for generating electrical stimulation signals |
| CN1479441A (en) * | 2002-07-16 | 2004-03-03 | 欧姆龙株式会社 | Electric regenerative circuit and power conversion device |
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