CN113521536A - Defibrillation current control method and defibrillator - Google Patents
Defibrillation current control method and defibrillator Download PDFInfo
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- CN113521536A CN113521536A CN202110630393.4A CN202110630393A CN113521536A CN 113521536 A CN113521536 A CN 113521536A CN 202110630393 A CN202110630393 A CN 202110630393A CN 113521536 A CN113521536 A CN 113521536A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 description 35
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002051 biphasic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000003663 ventricular fibrillation Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 206010049418 Sudden Cardiac Death Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009123 feedback regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000014221 sudden cardiac arrest Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010003119 arrhythmia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000006793 arrhythmia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002107 myocardial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033764 rhythmic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/38—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for producing shock effects
- A61N1/39—Heart defibrillators
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/38—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for producing shock effects
- A61N1/39—Heart defibrillators
- A61N1/3925—Monitoring; Protecting
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to a defibrillation current control method and a defibrillator. The invention combines the feedforward of the voltage of the energy storage capacitor and the feedback of the defibrillation current, the control system has fast dynamic response, controls the whole discharge defibrillation process, can output the defibrillation current with any waveform according to the clinical requirement, and is suitable for various types of defibrillators.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to a defibrillation current control method and a defibrillator.
Background
Ventricular fibrillation refers to disorder of activation of the ventricles, resulting in the loss of regular and ordered activation and contraction functions of the ventricles, which are functional Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA). This means that the human heart has stopped pumping blood, which is a fatal arrhythmia. Ventricular fibrillation is a manifestation of extreme confusion in the electrical activity of the heart and is generally difficult to terminate on its own. Defibrillation by shock is currently the only effective method in the clinic to stop ventricular fibrillation. It makes all the myocardial cells depolarize at the same time by electric pulse with certain energy, and then repolarizes at the same time, so that the heart recovers sinus rhythm.
Defibrillators are devices that defibrillate the heart by applying electrical pulses to the patient's skin (external electrodes) or to the exposed heart (internal electrodes).
A defibrillator consists of three parts, energy storage, energy release, and waveform generation. Accurate control of the defibrillation current is required in order to achieve the desired defibrillation effect and reduce the side effects of the current on the patient. Because the voltage on the energy storage capacitor exponentially decreases with time during discharge defibrillation, the defibrillation current exponentially decreases with time, and the optimal effect is that the defibrillation current increases with time. The defibrillation current is large and the discharge time is short. How to accurately control the defibrillation current and obtain an ideal waveform is a challenge in defibrillator design. At present, the defibrillator adopts a high-voltage energy storage capacitor and utilizes an IGBT switch to perform feedback control on discharge current. Because the speed of the high-voltage high-power IGBT switching device is slow, the control effect is irrational.
In addition, in order to ensure safety and reduce the volume of the defibrillator, the energy stored in the high-voltage energy storage capacitor is less, and when the second phase of the defibrillation wave is generated, the current cannot be controlled and can only follow the second phase naturally, so most of the existing defibrillator products control the waveform of the first phase, and the second phase is a declining exponential wave.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention discloses a defibrillation current control method and a defibrillator, aiming at realizing accurate control of discharge current by using a high-speed power MOSFET device and adopting feedforward and feedback dual control to obtain an ideal biphasic defibrillation waveform.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention discloses a defibrillator which comprises a boosting transformer, wherein a primary coil end of the boosting transformer is connected with a discharge current detection and PWM circuit through an energy storage capacitor, a discharge switch and a discharge current sampling resistor, a secondary coil end of the boosting transformer is connected with an output voltage detection and error amplifier through a rectifier diode, a filter inductor, a filter capacitor and a defibrillation sampling resistor, the PWM circuit is connected with a gate driver, the error amplifier and a protection circuit, and the defibrillation current is regulated through negative feedback, so that the error between the defibrillation current and the expected current is controlled within an allowable range.
Further, before defibrillation, the energy storage capacitor is charged, and a defibrillation current is set, and a voltage representing the expected value of the defibrillation current is set to the non-inverting terminal of the error amplifier.
Furthermore, when the discharge defibrillation is performed, the discharge switch groups in the diagonal relation are alternately conducted, the voltage on the energy storage capacitor is converted into square wave voltage and applied to the primary coil of the boosting transformer, symmetrical voltage waveform is output through the secondary coil of the transformer, the voltage waveform is converted into direct current after being rectified by the rectifier diode, filtered by the filter inductor and the filter capacitor, and the direct current is applied to the body of a patient, so that the discharge defibrillation is realized.
Furthermore, the actual defibrillation current is converted into voltage and is sent to an inverting input Io end of error amplification, and the error amplification amplifies the difference between the actual current and the expected current and sends the difference to the PWM circuit.
Furthermore, the PWM circuit compares the signal with the signal in the sawtooth wave generating circuit to generate a PWM signal, the PWM signal is sent to a gate drive to control the conducting time of a discharge switch, and the defibrillation current is regulated through negative feedback, so that the error between the defibrillation current and the expected current is controlled within an allowable range.
Furthermore, the defibrillator is provided with a feedforward control, the feedforward control is completed by a sawtooth wave generating circuit and a PWM circuit, the sawtooth wave generating circuit is composed of a resistor and a capacitor, one end of the resistor is connected with the anode of the energy storage capacitor, the other end of the resistor is connected with one end of the capacitor, the other end of the capacitor is connected with the anode and the cathode of the energy storage capacitor, and nodes of the resistor and the capacitor are connected with the PWM circuit.
Furthermore, under the control of a clock signal, a sawtooth wave is generated on the capacitor, and the rising speed of the sawtooth wave and the voltage value of the energy storage capacitor are faster when the voltage is higher.
Furthermore, the PWM circuit compares the sawtooth wave voltage with a signal sent by the error amplifier, the comparison result is sent to the gate drive, the gate drive controls the opening and closing of the discharge switch, the voltage on the capacitor is high in the initial discharge stage, the speed on the sawtooth wave is high, the error signal voltage is reached in a short time, and the comparator outputs a signal to close the discharge switch.
Furthermore, the discharge current detection and the output voltage detection are both connected with the protection circuit, and output signals of the discharge current detection and the output voltage detection are sent to the protection circuit; when the detection result is higher than the threshold value, the protection circuit immediately commands the PWM circuit to close the discharge switch to stop discharging, so that the safety of the patient is ensured.
In a second aspect, the invention discloses a defibrillation current control method, which is used for controlling the defibrillation current of the defibrillator in the first aspect, the method compares sawtooth wave voltage with a signal sent by an error amplifier by using a PWM circuit, sends a comparison result to a gate to drive and control the on and off of a discharge switch, immediately reacts when the voltage of an energy storage capacitor begins to drop through feedforward control, dynamically adjusts the defibrillation current according to the combination of feedforward of the voltage of the energy storage capacitor and feedback of output current, enables the defibrillation current to track a set current, realizes the control of the defibrillation current by changing the set current, and further changes the defibrillation waveform according to clinical needs.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention combines the feedforward of the voltage of the energy storage capacitor and the feedback of the defibrillation current, the dynamic response of the control system is fast, the high-speed power MOSFET device is utilized, the feedforward and feedback dual control is adopted, the accurate control of the discharge current is realized, the ideal biphasic defibrillation waveform is obtained, the control of the whole discharge defibrillation process is realized, the defibrillation current with any waveform can be output according to the clinical requirement, and the invention is suitable for various types of defibrillators.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Figure 1 is a circuit schematic of a defibrillator according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a circuit schematic of feedforward control in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a functional block diagram of a defibrillation current control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment discloses a circuit of a defibrillator, wherein C1 is a storage capacitor, Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 are discharge switches, T is a boost transformer, D1, D2, D3, and D4 are rectifier diodes, L1 is a filter inductor, C2 is a filter capacitor, RL is a body resistor, Rs is a defibrillation sampling resistor, Rp discharge current sampling resistor, and EA is an error amplifier.
In this embodiment, before defibrillation, C1 is charged to store enough energy in C1 and set the defibrillation current, and a set voltage is applied to the non-inverting terminal of the error amplifier, which represents the desired value of the defibrillation current.
In the embodiment, during discharging defibrillation, the diagonal discharge switch pairs Q1Q 4 and Q2Q 3 are alternately conducted, the voltage on the energy storage capacitor C1 is converted into square wave voltage and applied to the primary coil of the boosting transformer T, the secondary coil of the transformer outputs symmetrical voltage waveform, the voltage waveform is rectified by D1, D2, D3 and D4 and filtered by L1 and C1 to be converted into direct current, and the direct current is applied to the body RL of a patient, so that discharging defibrillation is realized.
In this embodiment, the resistors Rp and RL are connected in series, so that the currents flowing through the two resistors are equal. And Rp converts the actual defibrillation current into voltage and sends the voltage to an inverted input Io end of error amplification, the error amplification amplifies the difference between the actual current and the expected current and sends the amplified difference to a PWM circuit, the PWM circuit compares a signal with a signal in a sawtooth wave generating circuit to generate a PWM signal and sends the PWM signal to a gate driving circuit, the PWM circuit controls the conduction time of a discharge switch, and the defibrillation current is adjusted through negative feedback, so that the error between the defibrillation current and the expected current is controlled within an allowable range.
In the embodiment, the output signals of the discharge current and defibrillation voltage detection circuit are sent to the protection circuit; and when the detection result is found to be higher than the threshold value, the protection circuit immediately commands the PWM circuit to close the discharge switch and stop discharging, so that the safety of the patient is ensured.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 2, the present embodiment discloses a feedforward control, which is implemented by a sawtooth wave generating circuit and a PWM circuit. Since the voltage change of the C1 is large in the discharging process and only depends on the feedback regulation, the regulation process is slow and the regulation effect is not ideal due to the hysteresis characteristic of the feedback regulation. For this reason, the present embodiment adds feed-forward control.
The sawtooth wave generating circuit of the embodiment is composed of a resistor R and a capacitor C, one end of the resistor R is connected with the anode of an energy storage capacitor C1, the other end of the resistor R is connected with one end of the capacitor C, the other end of the capacitor C is connected with the anode and the cathode of the capacitor C1, and the node of the resistor R and the node of the capacitor C are connected with a PWM circuit. Under the control of the clock signal, a sawtooth wave is generated on the capacitor C, the rising speed of the sawtooth wave is directly related to the voltage on the capacitor C1, and the higher the voltage is, the faster the rising speed is.
In the embodiment, the sawtooth voltage is compared with the signal sent by the error amplifier through the PWM circuit. The comparison result is fed to a gate drive circuit which controls the opening and closing of the discharge switch.
In this embodiment, in the initial stage of discharge, the voltage on the capacitor is higher, and the speed on the sawtooth wave is faster, as shown by the dotted line in the figure, at this time, the error signal voltage is reached within a short time, and the discharge switch is turned off by the output signal of the comparator. The shorter the discharge time, the smaller the effective value of the defibrillation current delivered to the patient. And vice versa.
The feed forward control of this embodiment reacts immediately when the storage capacitor voltage begins to drop. The dynamic regulation capability of the defibrillation current is obviously improved according to the combination of the feedforward of the voltage of the energy storage capacitor and the feedback of the output current. The defibrillation current is enabled to track the set current, and the defibrillation current can be changed by changing the set current. Thus, the defibrillation waveform can be varied according to clinical needs.
Example 3
The embodiment discloses a defibrillation current control method, which is characterized in that a PWM circuit is used for comparing sawtooth wave voltage with a signal sent by an error amplifier, a comparison result is sent to a gate to drive and control the on and off of a discharge switch, the feedforward control immediately responds when the voltage of an energy storage capacitor begins to drop, the defibrillation current is dynamically adjusted according to the combination of the feedforward of the voltage of the energy storage capacitor and the feedback of output current, the defibrillation current is enabled to track the set current, the control of the defibrillation current is realized by changing the set current, and then the defibrillation waveform is changed according to clinical needs.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 3, the energy stored in the energy storage portion is about 500 joules, which is greater than the actual energy released, so as to control the entire discharge process and generate the desired defibrillation waveform. The energy release adopts a high-voltage MOSFET switch, the release current is controlled by the duty ratio of the switch, and the waveform generation part is in the direction of the current of the discharge defibrillation device to obtain the biphasic wave. The defibrillation electrode applies defibrillation current to human tissues to finish defibrillation treatment.
In conclusion, the invention combines the feedforward of the voltage of the energy storage capacitor and the feedback of the defibrillation current, the dynamic response of the control system is fast, the high-speed power MOSFET device is utilized, the feedforward and feedback dual control is adopted, the accurate control of the discharge current is realized, the ideal biphasic defibrillation waveform is obtained, the control of the whole discharge defibrillation process is realized, the defibrillation current with any waveform can be output according to the clinical requirement, and the invention is suitable for various types of defibrillators.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The defibrillator is characterized by comprising a boosting transformer, wherein a primary coil end of the boosting transformer is connected with a discharge current detection and PWM circuit through an energy storage capacitor, a discharge switch and a discharge current sampling resistor, a secondary coil end of the boosting transformer is connected with an output voltage detection and error amplifier through a rectifier diode, a filter inductor, a filter capacitor and a defibrillation sampling resistor, and the PWM circuit is connected with a gate driver, the error amplifier and a protection circuit and regulates the defibrillation current through negative feedback, so that the error between the defibrillation current and the expected current is controlled within an allowable range.
2. The defibrillator of claim 1 wherein the energy storage capacitor is charged and a defibrillation current is set prior to defibrillation and a voltage representative of a desired value of the defibrillation current is set to a non-inverting terminal of the error amplifier.
3. The defibrillator of claim 2, wherein during discharging defibrillation, the discharging switch sets in diagonal relation are alternately turned on to convert the voltage on the energy storage capacitor into square wave voltage and apply the square wave voltage to the primary coil of the boosting transformer, and the symmetrical voltage waveform is output through the secondary coil of the transformer, rectified by the rectifier diode, filtered by the filter inductor and the filter capacitor, and then is applied to the body of the patient to realize discharging defibrillation.
4. The defibrillator of claim 1 wherein the actual defibrillation current is converted to a voltage and fed to the inverting input Io terminal of an error amplifier that amplifies the difference between the actual current and the desired current fed to the PWM circuit.
5. The defibrillator of claim 4, wherein the PWM circuit compares the signal with a signal in the sawtooth wave generating circuit to generate a PWM signal, and the PWM signal is sent to the gate drive to control the on-time of the discharge switch, and the defibrillation current is adjusted through negative feedback, so that the error between the defibrillation current and the expected current is controlled within an allowable range.
6. The defibrillator of claim 1, wherein the defibrillator is provided with a feedforward control, the feedforward control is performed by a sawtooth wave generating circuit and a PWM circuit, the sawtooth wave generating circuit is composed of a resistor and a capacitor, one end of the resistor is connected to the positive electrode of the energy storage capacitor, the other end of the resistor is connected to one end of the capacitor, the other end of the capacitor is connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the energy storage capacitor, and the node of the resistor and the capacitor is connected to the PWM circuit.
7. The defibrillator of claim 6, wherein the capacitor generates a sawtooth wave on the capacitor under control of the clock signal, the sawtooth wave rising at a rate that increases with the voltage across the energy storage capacitor, the rate of rise increasing with higher voltage.
8. The defibrillator of claim 6 wherein the PWM circuit compares the sawtooth voltage with the signal from the error amplifier and provides the comparison to the gate drive, the gate drive controlling the discharge switch to open and close, the capacitor voltage being higher during the initial discharge period and the sawtooth voltage being faster, the comparator output signal turning off the discharge switch when the error signal voltage is reached within a short period of time.
9. The defibrillator of claim 1, wherein the discharge current sensing and the output voltage sensing are each connected to a protection circuit and provide respective output signals to the protection circuit; when the detection result is higher than the threshold value, the protection circuit immediately commands the PWM circuit to close the discharge switch to stop discharging, so that the safety of the patient is ensured.
10. A defibrillation current control method for controlling the defibrillation current of the defibrillator according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the method utilizes a PWM circuit to compare a sawtooth voltage with a signal sent from an error amplifier, and sends the comparison result to a gate drive control discharge switch to turn on and off, and reacts immediately when the voltage of the energy storage capacitor begins to drop through feedforward control, and dynamically adjusts the defibrillation current according to the feedforward of the voltage of the energy storage capacitor and the feedback of the output current, so that the defibrillation current tracks the set current, and the control of the defibrillation current is realized by changing the set current, thereby changing the defibrillation waveform according to clinical needs.
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| CN202110630393.4A CN113521536A (en) | 2021-06-07 | 2021-06-07 | Defibrillation current control method and defibrillator |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115025396A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-09-09 | 深圳邦健生物医疗设备股份有限公司 | Current control dual-phase wave defibrillation device |
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