CN113539531A - System and method for measuring and analyzing gas concentration in containment after serious accident - Google Patents
System and method for measuring and analyzing gas concentration in containment after serious accident Download PDFInfo
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- CN113539531A CN113539531A CN202110607991.XA CN202110607991A CN113539531A CN 113539531 A CN113539531 A CN 113539531A CN 202110607991 A CN202110607991 A CN 202110607991A CN 113539531 A CN113539531 A CN 113539531A
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 95
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C17/00—Monitoring; Testing ; Maintaining
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Monitoring And Testing Of Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a system and a method for measuring and analyzing the concentration of gas in a containment after a serious accident, wherein the system comprises sampling probes arranged at different positions in a complete shell, each sampling probe is connected with a corresponding sampling electromagnetic valve, the sampling electromagnetic valves are connected with a water vapor analyzer, the water vapor analyzer is connected with a gas buffer storage tank through a water vapor condensing device, the gas buffer storage tank is connected with an oxygen analyzer and a hydrogen analyzer, the oxygen analyzer realizes the separation of hydrogen and oxygen and the measurement of the concentration of the oxygen, the separated hydrogen enters the hydrogen analyzer for the measurement of the concentration of the hydrogen, the oxygen analyzer is connected with a gas-liquid recovery tank, and the exhaust of the hydrogen analyzer is sent back to the interior of the containment through a recovery pipeline. The invention can simultaneously measure the steam concentration, the oxygen concentration and the hydrogen concentration in the gas at a certain position in the containment vessel, realize the measurement of the hydrogen concentration under the oxygen-free condition, judge the flammability of the gas at the position and provide reference and basis for the starting time of the spraying system in the containment vessel after a serious accident.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear safety control, and particularly relates to a system and a method for measuring and analyzing gas concentration in a containment after a serious accident.
Background
After a serious accident occurs in a nuclear power plant, two ways of generating hydrogen in the containment vessel are available: one is the reaction of a large amount of zirconium water inside the reactor core to produce hydrogen; in another example, after the reactor core is melted, the melt falls into the pit and interacts with the concrete to generate hydrogen. The temperature and pressure in the containment vessel after a serious accident can reach higher levels, so that the risk of hydrogen combustion and explosion exists, and the integrity of the containment vessel is greatly threatened.
After a nuclear power accident in the fukushima of japan, the national nuclear safety agency issues general technical requirements for improvement actions of nuclear power plants after the fukushima nuclear accident, and the interior clearly stipulates: in case of a serious accident, the hydrogen concentration in the containment vessel can be monitored in the whole process and corresponding alarm is set so as to determine the state of the nuclear power plant and provide practical information for decision making during accident management. It is desirable to avoid the integrity of the containment vessel from being compromised by combustion or explosion that may occur after hydrogen accumulation in local areas. Hydrogen concentration monitoring and control measures should be incorporated into the critical accident management guidelines or related regulations.
At present, the measurement of the gas concentration in the containment vessel at home and abroad is only to measure the hydrogen concentration at a certain position basically, but not to simultaneously measure the water vapor concentration, the oxygen concentration and the hydrogen concentration at the position, and the measurement result is analyzed to judge the gas flammability at the position in the containment vessel, so that reference and basis are provided for the starting time of a spraying system after a serious accident. A containment gas concentration monitoring system applied in a nuclear power plant after a serious accident is mainly based on two principles of extraction sampling outside a containment and direct measurement inside the containment. Among them, french EPR employs an out-of-containment gas extraction sampling method, and american AP1000 and russia VVER employ in-containment direct measurements. In China, related patent applications are reported on the measurement of the concentration of the gas in the containment after a serious accident, such as a containment gas concentration analysis method, a device and a gas analyzer (CN103033441A), a containment hydrogen concentration monitoring system (CN102323295A), a combustible gas monitoring system and a method (CN103219054A), a containment hydrogen concentration measurement system (CN102928463A), an on-line hydrogen concentration monitoring device (CN104914144A) for a nuclear power station, a nuclear power hydrogen concentration detection device (CN101949829A) and the like. The technologies disclosed in these patent applications do not relate to a system design that can simultaneously measure the water vapor concentration, the oxygen concentration, and the hydrogen concentration, and can separate hydrogen from oxygen, and the water vapor concentration, the oxygen concentration, and the hydrogen concentration jointly determine the combustibility of the gas, so that the water vapor concentration, the oxygen concentration, and the hydrogen concentration need to be simultaneously measured when monitoring the gas concentration in the containment after an accident.
The system and the method for monitoring the concentration of the gas in the containment after the serious accident of the reactor (CN107967952A) are patent applications carried out by the applicant before, and comprise a sampling probe arranged in the containment, a sensitive electromagnetic valve arranged outside the containment, a first gas storage tank, a second gas storage tank, a gas parameter measuring system, a high-pressure inert gas tank control system, a high-pressure inert gas tank, a gas condensing system, a hydrogen concentration measuring analyzer, an oxygen concentration measuring analyzer and connecting pipelines. The system can measure the concentration of water vapor, the concentration of hydrogen and the concentration of oxygen, wherein, the hydrogen concentration is measured by adopting a hydrogen absorption permeation method, and the oxygen concentration is measured by adopting a magnetic pressure method according to the characteristic that oxygen has paramagnetism. However, in the technical scheme of the invention, hydrogen and oxygen are not separated, and meanwhile, the gas containing hydrogen and oxygen sequentially enters the hydrogen sensor and the oxygen sensor for concentration measurement, so that the risk of hydrogen combustion or explosion caused by the mixing of hydrogen and oxygen exists in the process, and the safety needs to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a system and a method for measuring and analyzing the concentration of gas in a containment vessel after a serious accident in a nuclear power plant, aiming at the requirement of measuring the concentration of gas in the containment vessel after the serious accident, so that the measurement and analysis of the concentration of steam, the concentration of oxygen and the concentration of hydrogen in the containment vessel after the serious accident can be more effectively, accurately, safely and conveniently carried out.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a gas concentration measurement analytic system in containment behind serious accident, including setting up a plurality of sampling probe at different positions in complete shell, every sampling probe is connected with the outer sampling solenoid valve that corresponds of containment respectively, the sampling solenoid valve is connected with water vapor analyzer, water vapor analyzer connects gas buffer storage jar through water vapor condensing equipment, be equipped with pressure measurement device on the gas buffer storage jar, gas buffer storage jar connects gradually oxygen analysis appearance through measuring the solenoid valve, hydrogen analysis appearance, oxygen analysis appearance realizes the separation of hydrogen and oxygen and the measurement of oxygen concentration, hydrogen after the separation gets into hydrogen analysis appearance and carries out the hydrogen concentration measurement, oxygen analysis appearance passes through the check valve and connects the gas-liquid recovery jar, hydrogen analysis appearance's exhaust is inside the containment through the recovery pump of establishing on the recovery pipeline.
Further, as described above, the system for measuring and analyzing the concentration of the gas in the containment after a serious accident, wherein the oxygen analyzer includes a gas inlet, the gas inlet is connected with a gas flow channel, the gas flow channel is connected with a quartz glass tube, a manganese copper wire and a platinum wire are wound on the outer surface of the quartz glass tube, the manganese copper wire and the platinum wire are connected with a measurement circuit, a permanent magnet is arranged outside the quartz glass tube, the length direction of the permanent magnet is parallel to the axis of the quartz glass tube, a gas outlet X and a gas outlet Y of the quartz glass tube are respectively located on two sides of the permanent magnet, the gas outlet X is connected with a hydrogen analyzer, and the gas outlet Y is connected with the gas-liquid recovery tank through a one-way valve.
Further, according to the system for measuring and analyzing the concentration of the gas in the containment after the serious accident, a gas flow channel connected with a gas inlet of the oxygen analyzer is a multi-channel, dry particles for absorbing water vapor are arranged in the channel, and an electric barrier plate capable of freely stretching and retracting is arranged at the rear part of the channel.
Further, according to the system for measuring and analyzing the concentration of the gas in the containment after the serious accident, a manganese copper wire wound on the outer surface of the quartz glass tube of the oxygen analyzer serves as a precise winding resistor and a sampling resistor, a platinum wire serves as a temperature measuring resistor, and a high-temperature-resistant material is coated on the outer surface of the quartz glass tube.
Further, according to the system for measuring and analyzing the concentration of the gas in the containment after the severe accident, the oxygen analyzer measures the concentration of the oxygen in a thermomagnetic convection mode, the main body part of the oxygen analyzer is made of a material with low thermal conductivity, and the outer shell part of the oxygen analyzer is made of a material which is beneficial to thermomagnetic convection heat dissipation.
Further, according to the system for measuring and analyzing the concentration of the gas in the containment after the serious accident, the water vapor condensing device is connected with the inlet of the gas pump through the replacement solenoid valve, the outlet of the gas pump is connected with the gas-liquid recovery tank, and the gas in the gas buffer storage tank and the condensed water in the water vapor condensing device are pumped into the gas-liquid recovery tank through the gas.
Further, according to the system for measuring and analyzing the concentration of the gas in the containment after the serious accident, the gas-liquid recovery tank is provided with the liquid level meter and the gas-liquid recovery tank pressure sensor and is respectively connected with the exhaust electromagnetic valve, the gas injection electromagnetic valve and the water discharge electromagnetic valve, the exhaust electromagnetic valve and the water discharge electromagnetic valve are respectively connected with the recovery pipeline, and the gas and the condensed water in the gas-liquid recovery tank can be discharged to the recovery pipeline and are pumped back to the interior of the containment through the recovery pump.
Further, according to the system for measuring and analyzing the concentration of the gas in the containment after the serious accident, the inside of the gas-liquid recovery tank is always in an inert gas environment with good sealing performance.
A method for measuring and analyzing the concentration of gas in a containment after a serious accident by adopting the system comprises the following steps:
the gas in the containment enters a steam analyzer through a sampling pipeline connected with a sampling probe to measure the concentration of the steam;
after the concentration of the water vapor is measured, the gas enters a water vapor condensing device through a sampling pipeline, and the water vapor in the gas is condensed in the water vapor condensing device;
the condensed gas enters the gas buffer storage tank through a gas outlet of the steam condensing device along a sampling pipeline, and when the pressure in the gas buffer storage tank reaches a set value, the gas in the containment vessel is stopped being sampled;
the gas in the gas buffer storage tank enters the oxygen analyzer through a measuring pipeline to realize the separation of hydrogen and oxygen and measure the concentration of the oxygen; in the measuring process of the oxygen analyzer, oxygen-containing gas enters a gas-liquid recovery tank through a pipeline;
the oxygen-free gas enters a hydrogen analyzer through another pipeline to measure the hydrogen concentration;
after the hydrogen analyzer finishes the measurement of the hydrogen concentration, the gas is sent back to the interior of the containment by a recovery pump arranged on a recovery pipeline;
the gas and the condensed water inside the gas buffer storage tank and the vapor condensing device are pumped into the gas-liquid recovery tank by the gas pump, and the gas and the condensed water inside the gas-liquid recovery tank are pumped back into the containment through the recovery pump arranged on the recovery pipeline.
Further, according to the method for measuring and analyzing the concentration of the gas in the containment after the serious accident, the oxygen analyzer measures the concentration of the oxygen in a thermomagnetic convection mode, the hydrogen analyzer measures the concentration of the hydrogen in a thermal conduction mode, the flammability of the gas at the position of the sampling probe is judged according to the mixed combustion or explosion characteristics of the water vapor, the oxygen and the hydrogen, and finally the electric signal is transmitted to the control room through the signal transmission cable.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) the gas concentration measurement and analysis system in the containment after the serious accident can simultaneously measure and analyze the concentration of water vapor, the concentration of oxygen and the concentration of hydrogen, judge the flammability of the gas in real time, and a measurement object is not limited to the concentration of hydrogen; (2) the system for measuring and analyzing the concentration of the gas in the containment after the serious accident measures the concentration of the oxygen firstly, then collects the oxygen, and measures the concentration of the hydrogen, so that the mixing of the hydrogen and the oxygen is avoided, the burning or explosion risk of the hydrogen is greatly reduced, and the safety and reliability of the system in the measuring and analyzing process are improved; (3) the gas pump in the containment gas concentration measurement and analysis system after a serious accident can timely send condensed water in the water vapor condensation device and gas in the gas buffer storage tank to the gas-liquid recovery tank, so that the water vapor in the water vapor condensation device can be effectively recovered and the gas in the gas buffer storage tank can be effectively replaced, and the measurement and analysis result is more accurate; (4) the gas-liquid recovery tank in the containment gas concentration measurement and analysis system after the serious accident can realize effective recovery of the measured gas, the inert gas and the condensed water in the measurement and analysis process, and always provides an inert gas environment, thereby avoiding the risk of combustion or explosion caused by the combination of hydrogen and oxygen in the measured gas and improving the safety and reliability of the system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a configuration of a system for measuring and analyzing the concentration of gas in a containment after a severe accident according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of an oxygen analyzer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
An exemplary post-accident containment gas concentration measurement and analysis system according to the present invention is shown in fig. 1, and includes sampling probes 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d, sampling solenoid valves 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d, a steam analyzer 3, a steam electronic condenser 4, a gas buffer storage tank 5, a gas buffer storage tank pressure sensor 6, a measurement solenoid valve 7, an oxygen analyzer 8, a hydrogen analyzer 9, a gas-liquid recovery tank 10, a liquid level meter 11, a gas pump 12, a gas-liquid recovery tank pressure sensor 13, an exhaust solenoid valve 14, an air injection solenoid valve 15, a water exhaust solenoid valve 16, a recovery pump 17, a replacement solenoid valve 18, a gas check valve 19, a recovery solenoid valve 20, a mechanical penetration piece (not shown), connection lines, and a signal transmission cable (not shown).
Taking a sampling pipeline corresponding to the sampling probe 1a as an example, after a serious accident occurs in a nuclear power plant, the sampling electromagnetic valve 2a is opened, and gas in the containment enters the steam analyzer 3 through the sampling probe 1a, the mechanical penetration piece and the sampling pipeline to measure the steam concentration. The sampling probes 1a, 1b, 1c and 1d are arranged at different positions in the containment, and the heating tape and the heat preservation cotton are wrapped on the outer surface of the sampling pipeline in front of the mechanical penetration piece and the steam electronic condensation device 4, so that the steam in the gas is prevented from being condensed in the sampling pipeline, the measurement precision of the steam concentration, the oxygen concentration and the hydrogen concentration is influenced, and the judgment error of the combustibility of the gas is finally caused. After the concentration of the water vapor is measured, the gas enters the water vapor electronic condensation device 4 through the sampling pipeline, the water vapor in the gas is condensed in the water vapor electronic condensation device 4, the temperature of the condensed gas is not more than 20 ℃, and the possibility of combustion or explosion caused by the combination of hydrogen and oxygen is reduced. The condensed gas enters the gas buffer storage tank 5 through a gas outlet of the water vapor electronic condensing device 4 along a sampling pipeline, and the gas buffer storage tank 5 is provided with a gas buffer storage tank pressure sensor 6 for measuring the absolute pressure of the gas in the gas buffer storage tank 5. In this embodiment, when the measurement value of the gas buffer storage tank pressure sensor 6 reaches 2bar, the sampling solenoid valve 2a is closed, and sampling of the gas in the containment vessel is stopped.
The measuring electromagnetic valve 7 is opened, and the gas in the gas buffer storage tank 5 enters the oxygen analyzer 8 through a sampling pipeline to measure the oxygen concentration. As shown in FIG. 2, the oxygen analyzer 8 comprises a gas inlet 21, an electric barrier 24, and a gas flow passage22. Permanent magnet 27, quartz glass tube 26, power supply 30, secondary instrument 29, thermistor 32, slide rheostat 31, gas outlet. The gas inlet structure of the oxygen analyzer 8 is a multi-channel, dry particles 23 (such as silica gel) with the particle size not more than 2mm are filled in the channel, an electric barrier plate 24 capable of freely stretching is arranged behind the channel, a gas outlet is divided into a gas outlet X25 and a gas outlet Y28, gas without oxygen flows out from the gas outlet X25, and gas with oxygen flows out from the gas outlet Y28. The electric separation plate can control the gas flow of the measuring channel through free expansion and contraction. The gas inlet channel is of a multi-channel structure, and gas can flow through the electric baffle plate after flowing through the inlet channel. Electronic separation board sets up one, and electronic separation board surface is equipped with pressure sensor, through the pressure difference value that measuring gas produced electronic separation board both sides surface, makes electronic separation board reciprocate and adjust gas flow in real time to avoid because the too big oxygen concentration measurement accuracy that leads to of gas flow descends. The oxygen analyzer 8 measures the oxygen concentration by means of thermomagnetic convection, and because oxygen has paramagnetism, the oxygen is attracted in a magnetic field and flows to a strong magnetic field, and hydrogen does not have paramagnetism, the hydrogen and the oxygen can be separated. The main body portion of the oxygen analyzer 8 is made of a material having low thermal conductivity (e.g., bakelite), and the outer shell portion is made of a material that facilitates heat dissipation by thermomagnetic convection (e.g., aluminum). The drying type particles are used for secondary drying of water vapor in the gas to improve the measurement accuracy of the oxygen concentration. In this embodiment, a manganese copper wire and a platinum wire are wound on the outer surface of the quartz glass tube 26 of the oxygen analyzer 8, specifically, the diameter of the quartz glass tube 26 is 6mm, the wall thickness is 0.2mm, the length is 28mm, the manganese copper wire with the diameter of 0.2mm and the platinum wire with the diameter of 0.03mm are uniformly wound on the outer surface of the quartz glass tube 10 turns each, the pitch of the platinum wire is kept constant, and both ends of the platinum wire are fixed on the quartz glass tube 26 by copper wire soldering. The manganese copper wire and the platinum wire have different resistance temperature coefficients, and the resistance temperature coefficient of the manganese copper wire is less than +/-4 x 10-5V. DEG C, platinum resistivity less than 4 x 10-4The manganese-copper resistance coefficient is far less than that of platinum, so that the manganese-copper wire is used as a precision winding resistor and a sampling resistor, and the platinum wire is used as a temperature measuring resistor to improve the measurement of oxygen concentrationAnd (4) measuring accuracy. The outer surface of the platinum wire is coated with a high-temperature resistant material (such as inorganic glue) to avoid short circuit caused by contact between the platinum wires. The permanent magnet 27 is disposed outside the quartz glass tube 26, and in this embodiment, the permanent magnet is made of neodymium iron boron, and is parallel to the axis of the quartz glass tube in the length direction, and the distance between the center of the permanent magnet and the inlet of the quartz glass tube is 10mm in the axial direction. The gas outlet X25 of the oxygen analyzer 8 is connected with the hydrogen analyzer 9, and the gas outlet Y28 is connected with the gas-liquid recovery tank 10 through the gas check valve 19. During the measurement process of the oxygen analyzer 8, the oxygen-containing gas finally enters the gas-liquid recovery tank 10 through the gas outlet Y28 and the gas one-way valve 19 along the pipeline, and finally the recovery of all oxygen is realized. The oxygen-free gas enters the hydrogen analyzer 9 through the gas outlet X25 along a sampling line, and the hydrogen concentration is measured. Hydrogen analyzer 9 adopts the mode of thermal conductance to measure hydrogen concentration, and the principle is that the coefficient of heat conductivity based on different gases is different, and thermal conductance sensor's heater has the characteristic that resistance changes along with the temperature, and the heater is heated after the electric current passes through the heater, and gaseous thermal conductance effect makes the partial heat of heater taken away, leads to the heater temperature to descend, and the heater resistance changes with passing through the electric current, finally obtains gas concentration. The thermal conductivity coefficient of hydrogen is far greater than other gases, has extremely strong heat conductivity, can think that the hot wire heat is all taken away by hydrogen, can measure hydrogen concentration through such mode. The hydrogen concentration is measured under the oxygen-free condition, and the safety of the hydrogen analyzer 9 in the hydrogen concentration measuring process is improved.
After the hydrogen analyzer 9 finishes the hydrogen concentration measurement, the recovery solenoid valve 20 and the recovery pump 17 are sequentially opened, the gas flows through the recovery solenoid valve 20, and finally the gas is sent back to the interior of the containment by the recovery pump 17, so that the gas concentration closed cycle measurement is formed. In the present embodiment, the measurement solenoid valve 7 is closed when the measurement value of the gas buffer tank pressure sensor 6 reaches 1 bar. After a serious accident, the gas concentration measurement and analysis system in the containment finishes measurement of a set of water vapor concentration, oxygen concentration and hydrogen concentration, the replacement solenoid valve 18 and the gas pump 12 are sequentially opened, gas in the gas buffer storage tank 5 and condensed water in the water vapor electronic condensation device 4 flow through the replacement solenoid valve 18, finally, the gas pump 12 sends the gas and the condensed water to the gas-liquid recovery tank 10, when the measured value of the pressure sensor 6 in the gas buffer storage tank reaches nearly 0bar, the gas pump 12 and the replacement solenoid valve 18 are sequentially closed, and gas and condensed water replacement in the gas buffer storage tank 5 and the water vapor electronic condensation device 4 and gas and condensed water collection in the gas-liquid recovery tank 10 are finished.
The liquid level meter 11 and the gas-liquid recovery tank pressure sensor 13 are mounted on the gas-liquid recovery tank 10 and are respectively connected with the exhaust electromagnetic valve 14, the gas injection electromagnetic valve 15 and the drainage electromagnetic valve 16, gas and condensate water in the gas-liquid recovery tank 10 can be timely discharged into a recovery pipeline, and finally are sent back to the inside of the containment through the recovery pump 17. When the measured value of the liquid level meter 11 reaches a certain value, the drain solenoid valve 16 is opened, and the condensed water inside the gas-liquid recovery tank 10 is discharged to the inside of the recovery line. When the measured value of the gas-liquid recovery tank pressure sensor 13 reaches a certain value, the exhaust solenoid valve 14 is opened, and the gas inside the gas-liquid recovery tank 10 is discharged to the inside of the recovery pipeline. The condensed water and gas entering the interior of the recovery pipeline through the exhaust solenoid valve 14 and the drain solenoid valve 16 are finally sent back to the interior of the containment by the recovery pump 17, so that radioactive emission can be effectively avoided. The inside of the gas-liquid recovery tank 10 is always in an inert gas environment (the absolute pressure is not higher than 0.2bar) and the gas tightness is good, the gas injection electromagnetic valve 15 can be automatically opened to supplement the same inert gas (such as argon, nitrogen and the like) into the gas-liquid recovery tank 10, so that a good inert gas environment is provided, the hydrogen is prevented from being combusted or exploded due to the mixing of the hydrogen and the oxygen, and the safety of a gas concentration measurement and analysis system in a containment after a serious accident is improved.
The system for measuring and analyzing the concentration of the gas in the containment vessel analyzes the measurement results of the concentration of the water vapor, the concentration of the oxygen and the concentration of the hydrogen after a serious accident, judges the flammability of the gas at the position of the sampling probe 1a according to the characteristics of mixed combustion or explosion of the water vapor, the oxygen and the hydrogen, and finally transmits an electric signal to a control room through a signal transmission cable so that an operator of the control room can take effective safety relief measures in time to ensure the integrity of the containment vessel after the serious accident.
The principle and the process for measuring the concentration of three paths of water vapor, the concentration of oxygen and the concentration of hydrogen connected with the sampling probes 1b, 1c and 1d of the containment gas concentration measurement and analysis system after a serious accident are the same as those of the sampling probe 1a, and the description is not repeated.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A measurement and analysis system for gas concentration in a containment after a serious accident comprises a plurality of sampling probes (1a, 1b, 1c and 1d) arranged at different positions in a complete shell, wherein each sampling probe is respectively connected with a corresponding sampling electromagnetic valve (2a, 2b, 2c and 2d) outside the containment, each sampling electromagnetic valve is connected with a water vapor analyzer (3), each water vapor analyzer (3) is connected with a gas buffer storage tank (5) through a water vapor condensing device (4), a pressure measurement device is arranged on each gas buffer storage tank (5), each gas buffer storage tank (5) is sequentially connected with an oxygen analyzer (8) and a hydrogen analyzer (9) through a measurement electromagnetic valve (7), the oxygen analyzers (8) realize separation of hydrogen and oxygen and measurement of oxygen concentration, and the separated hydrogen enters the hydrogen analyzers (9) for hydrogen concentration measurement, the oxygen analyzer (8) is connected with the gas-liquid recovery tank (10) through a one-way valve (19), and the exhaust gas of the hydrogen analyzer (9) is sent back to the interior of the containment vessel through a recovery pump (17) arranged on a recovery pipeline.
2. The post-severe accident in-containment gas concentration measurement and analysis system of claim 1, the oxygen analyzer is characterized in that the oxygen analyzer (8) comprises a gas inlet (21), the gas inlet (21) is connected with a gas flow channel (22), the gas flow channel (22) is connected with a quartz glass tube (26), a manganese copper wire and a platinum wire are wound on the outer surface of the quartz glass tube (26), the manganese copper wire and the platinum wire are connected with a measuring circuit, a permanent magnet (27) is arranged outside the quartz glass tube (26), the length direction of the permanent magnet (27) is parallel to the axis of the quartz glass tube (26), a gas outlet X (25) and a gas outlet Y (28) of the quartz glass tube (26) are respectively located on two sides of the permanent magnet (27), the gas outlet X (25) is connected with the hydrogen analyzer (9), and the gas outlet Y (28) is connected with the gas-liquid recovery tank (10) through a one-way valve (19).
3. The post-severe accident containment gas concentration measurement and analysis system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the gas flow channel (22) connected with the gas inlet of the oxygen analyzer (8) is a multi-channel, the channel is internally provided with dry particles (23) for absorbing water vapor, and the rear part of the channel is provided with a freely telescopic electric barrier plate (24).
4. The post-severe accident gas concentration measurement and analysis system in the containment vessel as claimed in claim 2, wherein manganese copper wire wound around the outer surface of the quartz glass tube (26) of the oxygen analyzer (8) is used as a precision winding resistor and a sampling resistor, platinum wire is used as a temperature measuring resistor, and a high temperature resistant material is coated on the outer surface of the quartz glass tube.
5. The post-severe-accident in-containment gas concentration measurement and analysis system according to claim 2, wherein the oxygen analyzer (8) measures the oxygen concentration by means of thermomagnetic convection, and a main portion thereof is made of a material with low thermal conductivity and an outer portion thereof is made of a material which facilitates the heat dissipation by thermomagnetic convection.
6. The post-severe-accident in-containment gas concentration measurement and analysis system according to claim 1, wherein the water vapor condensing device (4) is connected with an inlet of a gas pump (12) through a displacement solenoid valve (18), an outlet of the gas pump (12) is connected with the gas-liquid recovery tank (10), and gas inside the gas buffer storage tank (5) and condensed water inside the water vapor condensing device (4) are sent into the gas-liquid recovery tank (10) through the gas pump (12).
7. The post-severe-accident in-containment gas concentration measurement and analysis system according to claim 1, wherein the gas-liquid recovery tank (10) is equipped with a liquid level meter (11) and a gas-liquid recovery tank pressure sensor (13) and is respectively connected with an exhaust solenoid valve (14), an air injection solenoid valve (15) and a water discharge solenoid valve (16), the exhaust solenoid valve (14) and the water discharge solenoid valve (15) are respectively connected with a recovery pipeline, and gas and condensed water inside the gas-liquid recovery tank (10) can be discharged to the recovery pipeline and pumped back to the interior of the containment through the recovery pump.
8. The post-severe accident in-containment gas concentration measurement and analysis system according to claim 7, wherein the inside of the gas-liquid recovery tank (10) is always an inert gas environment with good sealing performance.
9. A method for measuring and analyzing the concentration of gas in the containment after a severe accident using the system of any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising:
the gas in the containment enters a steam analyzer through a sampling pipeline connected with a sampling probe to measure the concentration of the steam;
after the concentration of the water vapor is measured, the gas enters a water vapor condensing device through a sampling pipeline, and the water vapor in the gas is condensed in the water vapor condensing device;
the condensed gas enters the gas buffer storage tank through a gas outlet of the steam condensing device along a sampling pipeline, and when the pressure in the gas buffer storage tank reaches a set value, the gas in the containment vessel is stopped being sampled;
the gas in the gas buffer storage tank enters the oxygen analyzer through a measuring pipeline to realize the separation of hydrogen and oxygen and measure the concentration of the oxygen; in the measuring process of the oxygen analyzer, oxygen-containing gas enters a gas-liquid recovery tank through a pipeline;
the oxygen-free gas enters a hydrogen analyzer through another pipeline to measure the hydrogen concentration;
after the hydrogen analyzer finishes the measurement of the hydrogen concentration, the gas is sent back to the interior of the containment by a recovery pump arranged on a recovery pipeline;
the gas and the condensed water inside the gas buffer storage tank and the vapor condensing device are pumped into the gas-liquid recovery tank by the gas pump, and the gas and the condensed water inside the gas-liquid recovery tank are pumped back into the containment through the recovery pump arranged on the recovery pipeline.
10. The method for measuring and analyzing the concentration of gas in a containment after a serious accident according to claim 9, wherein an oxygen analyzer measures the concentration of oxygen in a thermomagnetic convection mode, a hydrogen analyzer measures the concentration of hydrogen in a thermal conduction mode, the flammability of the gas at the position of the sampling probe is judged according to the characteristics of mixed combustion or explosion of water vapor, oxygen and hydrogen, and finally an electric signal is transmitted to a control room through a signal transmission cable.
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