CN113533438B - In-situ testing device and method for friction arc burning loss of electric contact material - Google Patents
In-situ testing device and method for friction arc burning loss of electric contact material Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 144
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- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
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- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910001215 Te alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010892 electric spark Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
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Abstract
The invention discloses an in-situ testing device and a testing method for friction arc burning loss of an electric contact material. The in-situ testing device for friction arc burning of the electric contact material provided by the invention is more similar to the working environment of the electric contact material under application conditions such as an electric automobile, a charging device and the like through low-voltage friction arc burning, and realizes periodic friction arc burning through rotating the swing arm, so that burning interference caused by abrasive dust can be avoided, and meanwhile, better feasibility is provided for recording and collecting real-time data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrical materials, and particularly relates to an in-situ testing device and a testing method for friction arc burning loss of an electrical contact material.
Background
In the electric contact process, when the contact interface of two conductors is separated from contact to contact or from contact to contact, electric arcs can be generated between the contact interface and the contact interface under certain conditions. The high energy and high temperature arc can melt and damage the surface of the contact material, deteriorate the material performance and reduce the service life of the material. Thus, the arc ablation process of the electrical contact material is critical to assess the service life of the electrical contact material.
Current arc ablation performance testing of electrical contact materials has focused mainly on the arc ablation behavior of pressed contacts, mainly for electrical contact materials of high voltage circuits, with the goal of improving contact force to reduce arc burn. With the development of electric vehicles and their corresponding charging pile industries, electric arcs generated by vibration and friction of vehicles are unavoidable. The prior evaluating mode is adopted, so that the arc damage and the influence of the arc damage on the safety performance are difficult to evaluate. The test of arc ablation performance of electrified friction test also appears in China, and the friction and wear test is simply connected with a power supply to carry out reciprocating test, so that final quality burn and volume burn are measured. However, this method cannot effectively reflect the arc energy generated by the electric contact material, and on the other hand, cannot effectively remove the negative effect of the abrasive dust on arc ablation, and cannot evaluate the arc resistance of the electric contact material.
Therefore, from the demand of the electric automobile industry, the friction arc test method is constructed, and the method has important practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide an in-situ testing device and a testing method for friction arc burning loss of an electric contact material, so as to overcome the defects in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the embodiment of the present invention includes:
the embodiment of the invention provides an in-situ testing device for friction arc burning loss of an electric contact material, which comprises a testing unit, a data acquisition unit and a data processing unit, wherein the data acquisition unit is connected with the data processing unit, and the testing unit is electrically connected with the data acquisition unit; the test unit comprises an adjustable speed motor, a test electrode, a sample table and a power supply, wherein the sample table is at least used for placing a sample to be tested, the test electrode is fixedly connected with the adjustable speed motor, the test electrode is arranged above the sample to be tested, and the test electrode can be in contact with the sample to be tested and generate friction and burning loss when being in a first station.
In the technical scheme, the first station refers to the position when the lower end part of the test electrode is vertically contacted with the surface of the sample to be tested.
Further, the data acquisition unit comprises a circuit composed of a voltage measuring device, a current measuring device and a power supply, and a compensation circuit, wherein the compensation circuit is at least used for realizing simultaneous testing of voltage and current.
Further, the data processing unit is at least used for recording data and voltage, current and arc curves in real time.
Further, the test electrode adopts a tungsten electrode.
Further, an end portion of the test electrode, which is in contact with the sample to be tested, has a hemispherical structure.
Further, the adjustable speed motor is also provided with a motor turntable, and the motor turntable is provided with a limiting block and is connected with a pressure sensor for limiting the position and initial contact state of the test electrode.
Further, the test unit further comprises a sample fixing device at least for defining the position of the sample to be tested.
The embodiment of the invention also provides an in-situ test method for friction arc burning loss of the electric contact material, which comprises the following steps:
providing the in-situ testing device for friction arc burning loss of the electric contact material;
fixing a sample to be tested on a sample table, and electrically connecting the sample to be tested, a test electrode and a power supply;
and electrifying the power supply, and under an equal voltage mode, adjusting the voltage, the current and the rotating speed of the test electrode to realize that the test electrode contacts with a sample to be tested and generates friction and burning loss when being positioned at a first station, recording the voltage, the current and an arc curve in real time, and further completing the in-situ test of the friction and arc burning loss of the electric contact material.
Further, the in-situ test method for friction arc burning loss of the electric contact material specifically comprises the following steps: and connecting the sample to be tested with the negative electrode of the power supply, and connecting the test electrode with the positive electrode of the power supply.
Further, the in-situ test method for friction arc burning loss of the electric contact material further comprises the following steps: in-situ testing of the friction arc burn-out of the electrical contact material is achieved by adjusting the pulse width and frequency of the power supply, or by varying the friction frequency.
Further, the preparation method further comprises the following steps: after the test is completed, the burn-out quality is calculated, and the ablation depth and ablation volume are measured.
Further, the in-situ test method for friction arc burning loss of the electric contact material further comprises the following steps: polishing and cleaning the surface of the sample to be tested before testing.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention realizes periodic friction arc by rotating the swing arm, can avoid the interference of burning caused by abrasive dust, and provides better feasibility for recording and collecting real-time data.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present application, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an in-situ test apparatus for friction arc burn-out of an electrical contact material in an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the test unit in fig. 1.
FIG. 3 is a topography of the sample of example 2 after ablation.
FIG. 4 is a scratch depth profile of the ablated surface of the sample of example 2.
FIG. 5 is a topography of the sample of example 3 after ablation.
FIG. 6 is a scratch depth profile of the ablated surface of the sample of example 3.
FIG. 7 is a topography of the sample of example 4 after ablation.
FIG. 8 is a scratch depth profile of the ablated surface of the sample of example 4.
FIG. 9 is a graph of 20ms of sample data tested at voltage 16V and current 2A in one embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 10 is a sample topography of the frictional wear test corresponding to the comparative example.
Fig. 11 is a sample scratch depth profile of the frictional wear test corresponding to the comparative example.
Reference numerals illustrate: 1. the device comprises a testing unit, 11, an adjustable speed motor, 12, a sample table, 121, a negative electrode contact point, 122, a damping spring, 13, a motor turntable, 14, a tungsten electrode, 15, a sample clamp, 2, a data acquisition unit, 3, a data processing unit, 4, a sample to be tested, 5, a limiting block, 6 and a pressure sensor.
Detailed Description
The invention will be more fully understood from the following detailed description, which should be read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Detailed embodiments of the present invention are disclosed herein; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, which may be embodied in various forms. Therefore, specific functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present invention in virtually any appropriately detailed embodiment.
In view of the defects of the prior art, the inventor provides an in-situ testing device and a testing method for friction arc burning loss of an electric contact material through long-term research and practice, arc burning loss is generated through low-voltage electrified friction, periodic friction arc is realized through a rotating swing arm mode, burning loss interference caused by abrasive dust can be avoided, meanwhile, better feasibility is provided for recording and collecting real-time data, and the device and the method have comparability with related application environments such as electric automobiles by adopting a low-voltage direct current power supply. The technical scheme of the invention will be explained in more detail as follows.
An aspect of the embodiment of the invention provides an in-situ testing device for friction arc burning loss of an electric contact material, which comprises a testing unit, a data acquisition unit and a data processing unit, wherein the data acquisition unit is connected with the data processing unit, and the testing unit is electrically connected with the data acquisition unit; the test unit comprises an adjustable speed motor, a test electrode, a sample table and a power supply, wherein the sample table is at least used for placing a sample to be tested, the test electrode is fixedly connected with the adjustable speed motor, the test electrode is arranged above the sample to be tested, and the test electrode can be in contact with the sample to be tested and generate friction and burning loss when being in a first station.
In some preferred embodiments, the data acquisition unit comprises a circuit consisting of a voltage measurement device, a current measurement device and a power supply, and a compensation circuit for at least enabling simultaneous testing of voltage and current.
In some more preferred embodiments, the power source may comprise a DC power source, but is not limited thereto.
In some preferred embodiments, the data processing unit is at least configured to record data and voltage, current and arc curves in real time.
In some preferred embodiments, the positive electrode of the power supply is connected to the test electrode, and the negative electrode of the power supply is connected to the sample to be tested.
In some preferred embodiments, the test electrode is a tungsten electrode.
In some more preferred embodiments, the end of the test electrode that contacts the sample to be tested has a hemispherical structure, preferably with a diameter of 2-8mm.
In some preferred embodiments, the adjustable speed motor is further provided with a motor turntable, and the motor turntable is provided with a limiting block and is connected with a pressure sensor to limit the position and initial contact state of the test electrode.
In some more preferred embodiments, the test unit further comprises sample fixing means at least for defining the position of the sample to be tested; preferably, the sample fixing means comprises a sample holder.
In some more preferred embodiments, the sample stage may be a sample stage provided with a red copper contact and a damping spring from top to bottom, but is not limited thereto,
another aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides an in situ test method of friction arc burn-out of an electrical contact material, comprising:
providing an in-situ testing device for friction arc burning loss of the electric contact material;
fixing a sample to be tested on a sample table, and electrically connecting the sample to be tested, a test electrode and a power supply;
and electrifying the power supply, and under an equal voltage mode, adjusting the voltage, the current and the rotating speed of the test electrode to realize that the test electrode contacts with a sample to be tested and generates friction and burning loss when being positioned at a first station, recording the voltage, the current and an arc curve in real time, and further completing the in-situ test of the friction and arc burning loss of the electric contact material.
In some preferred embodiments, the voltage is 1-50V, the current is 0.5-20A, and the rotational speed of the test electrode is 0.5-10Hz.
In some preferred embodiments, the in-situ test method for friction arc burn of the electrical contact material is characterized by specifically comprising: and connecting the sample to be tested with the negative electrode of the power supply, and connecting the test electrode with the positive electrode of the power supply.
In some preferred embodiments, the sample to be tested is formed from an electrical contact material preparation; preferably, the sample to be measured is in the shape of a plate or a block.
In some preferred embodiments, the length of the sample to be measured is above 15mm, the width is above 10mm, and the thickness is below 10mm.
In some preferred embodiments, the in-situ test method for friction arc burn of an electrical contact material further comprises: in-situ testing of the friction arc burn-out of the electrical contact material is achieved by adjusting the pulse width and frequency of the power supply, or by varying the friction frequency.
In some preferred embodiments, the method of making further comprises: after the test is completed, the burn-out quality is calculated, and the ablation depth and ablation volume are measured.
In some preferred embodiments, the in-situ test method for friction arc burn of the electrical contact material further comprises: polishing and cleaning the surface of the sample to be tested before testing;
preferably, the cleaning agent used for cleaning comprises deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol.
The method is not only suitable for the test in-situ of the sample with the specification, but also can be used for other plate strip-shaped and block-shaped materials with different dimensions.
The technological parameters of the experiment not only can adjust the pulse width and the frequency of the power supply, but also can achieve the effect by changing the friction frequency.
In some more specific embodiments, the in-situ testing device and testing method for friction arc burn of an electrical contact material provided by the invention specifically comprise the following steps:
the device mainly comprises a testing unit, a data acquisition unit and a data processing unit (figure 1).
The test unit comprises a speed-adjustable motor, a test electrode, a sample stage and a DC power supply (figure 2), wherein the test electrode adopts a tungsten electrode and is fixed on a sample tray configured by the motor, the lower end of the test electrode is a hemisphere with the diameter of 2-8mm, and the sample adopts a plate strip or a block sample prepared from an electric contact material, the length of the sample is not less than 15mm, the width of the sample is not less than 10mm, and the thickness of the sample is not more than 10mm.
The data acquisition unit adopts a circuit consisting of a high-precision voltmeter and an ammeter and is provided with a compensation circuit to realize simultaneous testing of voltage and current. The data processing unit adopts autonomous programming to realize real-time data and voltage, current and arc curve recording.
Fig. 9 is a graph of 20ms sample data for a voltage of 16V and a current of 2A, with a sampling frequency of 1000n. During testing, the surface of the sample is polished and cleaned firstly, so that the surface of the sample is smooth, clean and dry, no oxide layer exists, no obvious large scratch exists, then the sample is clamped on a sample table for fixing, and the height of the sample and the position of an electrode are measured. And connecting the sample and the testing circuit, and setting the output current of the power supply and the rotating speed of the electrode to start testing the friction arc. The current, voltage and arc data of the real-time arc can give out the arc resistance under certain friction conditions, and the measured sample quality change, abrasion mark and ablation pit measurement can give out the ablation resistance index. Moreover, the data can be compared with abrasion mark data of a friction and abrasion experiment, so that the influence of friction and abrasion is removed, material loss caused by arcing is directly given, and a reliable basis is provided for material life calculation.
In summary, the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that the friction electric arc burning loss is more similar to the working environment of electric contact materials adopted by electric automobiles, charging devices and the like, periodic friction electric arcs are realized by rotating a swinging arm, burning loss interference caused by abrasive dust can be avoided, and meanwhile, better feasibility is provided for recording and collecting real-time data.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides an in-situ testing device for friction arc burn of an electrical contact material, which includes a testing unit 1, a data acquisition unit 2 and a data processing unit 3, wherein the data acquisition unit 2 is connected with the data processing unit 3, the testing unit 1 is electrically connected with the data acquisition unit 2, specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the testing unit 1 includes an adjustable speed motor 11, a tungsten electrode 14, a sample stage 12 at least for placing a sample 4 to be tested, and a dc power supply, wherein the sample stage 12 has a negative electrode contact point 121 and a damping spring 122 arranged from top to bottom; the tungsten electrode 14 is fixedly connected with the adjustable speed motor 11, the tungsten electrode 14 is arranged above the sample 4 to be tested, and the tungsten electrode 14 can be contacted with the sample 4 to be tested and generate friction and burning loss when being positioned at a first station; in this embodiment, the end of the tungsten electrode 14 contacting the sample 4 to be measured has a hemispherical structure, and the diameter of the hemispherical structure is 4mm.
The adjustable speed motor 11 is further provided with a motor turntable 13, the motor turntable 13 is provided with a limiting block 5 and is connected with the pressure sensor 6 for limiting the position and initial contact state of the tungsten electrode 14, and the test unit 1 further comprises a sample clamp 15 at least for limiting the position of the sample 4 to be tested.
In the implementation process, the data acquisition unit 2 comprises a circuit consisting of a voltage measuring device, a current measuring device and a direct current power supply, and a compensation circuit, wherein the compensation circuit is at least used for realizing simultaneous testing of voltage and current; the data processing unit 3 employs autonomous programming at least for recording data and voltage, current and arc curves in real time.
Example 2
The test was carried out by the in-situ test apparatus for friction arc burn of the electrical contact material of example 1, the sample 4 to be tested was made of an as-cast cu—te alloy, first, a block-shaped sample having a length, width and height of 45mm×16mm×8mm was cut from the ingot by wire-cut, then the surface to be tested was polished by sandpaper, polished, then washed and dried with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol in sequence, and weighed and then the test was awaited.
The sample is clamped and fixed on the sample table 12, the sample to be tested is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply, and the tungsten electrode clamping 14 device is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply. The power supply is turned on, the voltage is set, the voltage can be adjusted according to actual requirements, and the actual requirements comprise whether arcing, arc energy, application environment consideration and the like. In the present embodiment, the voltage is set to 10V. The motor power is turned on, the rotating speed is adjusted, and the rotating speed can be adjusted according to actual requirements, and in the embodiment, the rotating speed is about 1r/s. The voltage, current and arc curves were recorded in real time during the test.
After the test is finished, taking down the sample 4 to be tested, weighing on a precision electronic balance, and calculating the burning loss mass; the post-ablation topography of the sample was photographed with a 3D optical profiler, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, and data of ablation depth, ablation volume, etc. were measured.
By calculation, the burn-out amount in this example was about 0.2mg and the burn-out volume was aboutIs 1.06X10 -2 mm 3 The burn depth was 20.7. Mu.m.
Example 3
The test was carried out by the in-situ test device for friction arc burn of the electric contact material of example 1, the sample 4 to be tested was a cold-rolled high-strength Cu-Zn-Sn-Ni-Co-Si alloy strip, firstly, a strip-shaped sample with length, width and height of 45mm×10mm×0.6mm was cut from an ingot by wire-cut electric discharge machining, the surface to be tested was polished, and then washed and dried with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol in sequence, and after weighing, the test was awaited.
The sample is clamped and fixed on the sample table 12, the sample to be tested is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply, and the tungsten electrode clamping 14 device is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply. The power supply is turned on, the voltage is set, the voltage can be adjusted according to actual requirements, and the actual requirements comprise whether arcing, arc energy, application environment consideration and the like. In the present embodiment, the voltage is set to 10V. The motor power is turned on, the rotation speed is adjusted, and the rotation speed can be adjusted according to actual requirements, and in the embodiment, the rotation speed is the same as that of embodiment 2.
After the test is finished, taking down the sample 4 to be tested, weighing on a precision electronic balance, and calculating the burning loss mass; the post-ablation topography of the sample was photographed with a 3D optical profiler, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, and data of ablation depth, ablation volume, etc. were measured.
By calculation, the burn-out amount in this example was about 0.2mg, and the burn-out volume was about 1.36×10 -2 mm 3 The burn depth was 51.9. Mu.m.
Example 4
The test was carried out by the in-situ test device for friction arc burn of the electrical contact material of example 1, the sample 4 to be tested was a cold rolled C5191 tin phosphor bronze alloy strip, firstly, a strip-shaped sample with length, width and height of 45mm×10mm×0.3mm was cut from the ingot by wire cut by electric spark, the surface to be tested was polished, washed and dried with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol in sequence, and then weighed and then waiting for the test.
The sample is clamped and fixed on the sample table 12, the sample to be tested is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply, and the tungsten electrode clamping 14 device is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply. The power supply is turned on, the voltage is set, the voltage can be adjusted according to actual requirements, and the actual requirements comprise whether arcing, arc energy, application environment consideration and the like. In the present embodiment, the voltage is set to 10V. The motor power is turned on, the rotation speed is adjusted, and the rotation speed can be adjusted according to actual requirements, and in the embodiment, the rotation speed is the same as that of embodiment 2.
After the test is finished, taking down the sample 4 to be tested, weighing on a precision electronic balance, and calculating the burning loss mass; the post-ablation topography of the sample was photographed with a 3D optical profiler, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, and data of ablation depth, ablation volume, etc. were measured.
By calculation, the burn-out amount in this example was about 0.1mg, and the burn-out volume was about 1.7X10 -3 mm 3 The burn depth was 52.2. Mu.m.
Example 5
The test was carried out by the in-situ test apparatus for friction arc burn of the electrical contact material of example 1, the sample 4 to be tested was made of an as-cast cu—te alloy, first, a block-shaped sample having a length, width and height of 45mm×16mm×8mm was cut from the ingot by wire-cut, then the surface to be tested was polished by sandpaper, polished, then washed and dried with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol in sequence, and weighed and then the test was awaited.
The sample is clamped and fixed on the sample table 12, the sample to be tested is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply, and the tungsten electrode clamping 14 device is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply. The power supply is turned on, the current is set, the current can be adjusted according to actual requirements, and the actual requirements comprise whether arcing, arc energy, application environment consideration and the like. In this embodiment, the voltage is set to the highest safe voltage allowed by the power supply, i.e., 45V. The motor power is turned on, the rotating speed is adjusted, and the rotating speed can be adjusted according to actual requirements, and in the embodiment, the rotating speed is about 1r/s. The voltage, current and arc curves were recorded in real time during the test.
After the test is finished, taking down the sample 4 to be tested, weighing on a precision electronic balance, and calculating the burning loss mass; and shooting the shape of the ablated sample by using a 3D optical profiler, and measuring data such as ablation depth, ablation volume and the like.
By calculation, the surface melt mass in this example was about 0.26mg and the burn-out volume was about 2.3X10 - 2 mm 3 The burn depth was about 65.9 μm.
Example 6
The test was carried out by the in-situ test apparatus for friction arc burn of the electrical contact material of example 1, the sample 4 to be tested was made of an as-cast cu—te alloy, first, a block-shaped sample having a length, width and height of 45mm×16mm×8mm was cut from the ingot by wire-cut, then the surface to be tested was polished by sandpaper, polished, then washed and dried with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol in sequence, and weighed and then the test was awaited.
The sample is clamped and fixed on the sample table 12, the sample to be tested is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply, and the tungsten electrode clamping 14 device is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply. The power supply is turned on, the current is set, the current can be adjusted according to actual requirements, and the actual requirements comprise whether arcing, arc energy, application environment consideration and the like. In this embodiment, the voltage is set to the specimen arcing minimum voltage, i.e., 6V. The motor power is turned on, the rotating speed is adjusted, and the rotating speed can be adjusted according to actual requirements, and in the embodiment, the rotating speed is about 1r/s. The voltage, current and arc curves were recorded in real time during the test.
After the test is finished, taking down the sample 4 to be tested, weighing on a precision electronic balance, and calculating the burning loss mass; and shooting the shape of the ablated sample by using a 3D optical profiler, and measuring data such as ablation depth, ablation volume and the like.
By calculation, the surface melt mass in this example was about 0.016mg and the burn-out volume was about 1.4X10 - 3 mm 3 The burn depth was about 10.9 μm.
Comparative example
Compared with example 2, the test device in example 2 is replaced by the existing reciprocating friction and wear test device, the test conditions are that the load is 2N,6mm of pure copper ball friction pair, the time is 30min, the frequency is 2Hz, the scratch length is 5mm, and the test results are shown in fig. 10 and 11.
By calculation, the abrasion volume in this comparative example was about 0.63mm 3 The maximum wear depth was 130.9 μm.
In addition, the inventors have conducted experiments with other materials, process operations, and process conditions as described in this specification with reference to the foregoing examples, and have all obtained desirable results.
While the invention has been described with reference to an illustrative embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various other changes, omissions and/or additions may be made and substantial equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (18)
1. The in-situ testing device for friction arc burning loss of the electric contact material is characterized by comprising a testing unit, a data acquisition unit and a data processing unit, wherein the data acquisition unit is connected with the data processing unit, and the testing unit is electrically connected with the data acquisition unit; the test unit comprises a sample fixing device, an adjustable speed motor, a test electrode, a sample table and a power supply, wherein the sample table is at least used for placing a sample to be tested, the sample fixing device is at least used for limiting the position of the sample to be tested, the test electrode is fixedly connected with the adjustable speed motor, the test electrode is arranged above the sample to be tested, the test electrode can be contacted with the sample to be tested and generate friction and burning loss when being positioned at a first station, a motor turntable is further arranged on the adjustable speed motor, a limiting block is arranged on the motor turntable and is connected with the pressure sensor for limiting the position and initial contact state of the test electrode, the data acquisition unit comprises a circuit consisting of a voltage measuring device, a current measuring device and the power supply, and a compensation circuit, and the compensation circuit is at least used for realizing simultaneous testing of voltage and current.
2. The in situ test apparatus for triboelectric arc burn-out of an electrical contact material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the power supply is a direct current power supply.
3. The in situ test apparatus for triboelectric arc burn-out of an electrical contact material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the data processing unit is at least used for recording data and voltage, current and arc curves in real time.
4. The in situ test apparatus for triboelectric arc burn-out of an electrical contact material as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the positive electrode of the power supply is connected with the test electrode, and the negative electrode of the power supply is connected with the sample to be tested.
5. The in situ test apparatus for triboelectric arc burn-out of an electrical contact material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the test electrode is a tungsten electrode.
6. The in situ test apparatus for triboelectric arc burn-out of an electrical contact material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: one end part of the test electrode, which is contacted with the sample to be tested, is provided with a hemispherical structure.
7. The in situ test apparatus for friction arc burn-out of an electrical contact material of claim 6, wherein: the diameter of the hemispherical structure is 2-8mm.
8. The in situ test apparatus for triboelectric arc burn-out of an electrical contact material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the sample fixture includes a sample holder.
9. An in-situ test method for friction arc burn-out of an electrical contact material, comprising the steps of:
providing an in situ test apparatus for triboelectric arc burn-out of an electrical contact material as defined in any one of claims 1 to 8;
fixing a sample to be tested on a sample table, and electrically connecting the sample to be tested, a test electrode and a power supply;
and electrifying the power supply, and under an equal voltage mode, adjusting the voltage, the current and the rotating speed of the test electrode to realize that the test electrode contacts with a sample to be tested and generates friction and burning loss when being positioned at a first station, recording the voltage, the current and an arc curve in real time, and further completing the in-situ test of the friction and arc burning loss of the electric contact material.
10. The in situ test method of electrical contact material triboelectric arc burn-out of claim 9, wherein: the voltage is 1-50V, the current is 0.5-20A, and the rotating speed of the test electrode is 0.5-10Hz.
11. The in situ test method of electrical contact material triboelectric arc burn-out according to claim 9, characterized in that it comprises in particular: and connecting the sample to be tested with the negative electrode of the power supply, and connecting the test electrode with the positive electrode of the power supply.
12. The in situ test method of electrical contact material triboelectric arc burn-out of claim 9, wherein: the sample to be tested is formed by preparing an electrical contact material.
13. The in situ test method of electrical contact material triboelectric arc burn-out of claim 9, wherein: the sample to be measured is in a plate strip shape or a block shape.
14. The in situ test method of electrical contact material triboelectric arc burn-out of claim 9, wherein: the length of the sample to be measured is above 15mm, the width is above 10mm, and the thickness is below 10mm.
15. The in situ test method of electrical contact material triboelectric arc burn-out of claim 9 further comprising: in-situ testing of the friction arc burn-out of the electrical contact material is achieved by adjusting the pulse width and frequency of the power supply, or by varying the friction frequency.
16. The in situ test method of electrical contact material triboelectric arc burn-out of claim 9, further comprising: after the test is completed, the burn-out quality is calculated, and the ablation depth and ablation volume are measured.
17. The in situ test method of electrical contact material triboelectric arc burn-out of claim 9 further comprising: polishing and cleaning the surface of the sample to be tested before testing.
18. The method for in situ testing of electrical contact material triboelectric arc burn-out of claim 17, wherein: the cleaning agent adopted in the cleaning comprises deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol.
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