CN113533181A - Design test method and device for photovoltaic module in seawater environment - Google Patents
Design test method and device for photovoltaic module in seawater environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN113533181A CN113533181A CN202110765217.1A CN202110765217A CN113533181A CN 113533181 A CN113533181 A CN 113533181A CN 202110765217 A CN202110765217 A CN 202110765217A CN 113533181 A CN113533181 A CN 113533181A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
- G01N17/002—Test chambers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/003—Environmental or reliability tests
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
- H02S50/10—Testing of PV devices, e.g. of PV modules or single PV cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Abstract
The invention provides a design test method and a device for a photovoltaic module in a seawater environment, wherein the test method comprises the steps of carrying out appearance and electrical property tests on a test piece, recording initial data and then fixedly placing the test piece in a test box; discharging hot seawater solution into the test box until the test piece is submerged; repeatedly pressurizing and decompressing the test chamber for many times; discharging the hot seawater solution out of the test box, and discharging the cold seawater solution into the test box until the test piece is submerged; repeatedly pressurizing and decompressing the test chamber for many times, and then discharging the cold sea water solution out of the test chamber; repeatedly circulating for many times, taking out the test piece, testing the appearance and the electrical property of the test piece and recording test data; and comparing the initial data with the test data to obtain the appearance change condition and the power attenuation ratio of the test piece. According to the design test method for the photovoltaic module in the seawater environment, the test environment is close to the natural seawater environment, and reliable design test data can be provided for the application of the photovoltaic module in the seawater environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solar cell modules, and particularly relates to a design test method and device for a photovoltaic module in a seawater environment.
Background
The photovoltaic module is a core part in a solar power generation system and is also the highest-value part in the solar power generation system, the photovoltaic module is used for converting solar energy into electric energy, the application of a current component distributed or ground power station is more and more extensive, but a coastal area and an ocean island area are still in an electroless state, and therefore the development direction of the solar power generation application is formed by using the photovoltaic power generation to solve the problem of local power utilization in a seawater environment.
Because the photovoltaic modules are generally and conventionally applied in the land environment at present, the aging test is particularly directed to the land environment when the module materials and the process performance are tested, however, the seawater environment is more complex and changeable compared with the land environment, and factors including long-term soaking, sea wave pressing, seawater temperature change and the like all affect the performance of the photovoltaic module, at present, a reliable test method aiming at the influence of a seawater environment on a photovoltaic module is not available, only a salt spray test simulating a high-humidity environment is available, the salt spray test only increases the humidity by spraying on the component, which is far from the real seawater environment, and the adaptability of the photovoltaic component to the seawater environment is difficult to determine, therefore, it is difficult to determine whether the photovoltaic module can normally and reliably operate in coastal or island regions, and the application development of the photovoltaic module to a seawater environment is restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a design test method and device for a photovoltaic module in a seawater environment, and aims to provide reliable design test data for the photovoltaic module applied in the seawater environment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: in a first aspect, a design test method for a photovoltaic module used in a seawater environment is provided, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, performing appearance and electrical property tests on the test piece, recording initial data, and then fixedly placing the test piece in a test box;
step S2, discharging hot seawater solution into the test box until the test piece is submerged;
step S3, repeatedly pressurizing and decompressing the test chamber for many times;
step S4, discharging the hot seawater solution out of the test box, and discharging the cold seawater solution into the test box until the test piece is submerged;
step S5, repeatedly pressurizing and decompressing the test chamber for multiple times, and then discharging the cold sea water solution out of the test chamber;
step S6, repeating the steps S2 to S5 for a plurality of times, taking out the test piece, testing the appearance and the electrical property of the test piece and recording test data;
and step S7, comparing the initial data with the test data to obtain the appearance change condition and the power attenuation ratio of the test piece.
With reference to the first aspect, in one possible implementation manner, the salinity of the hot seawater solution and the salinity of the cold seawater solution are both 3.83-3.84%.
In some embodiments, the temperature of the hot seawater solution is 45 ± 5 ℃ and the temperature of the cold seawater solution is 6 ± 3 ℃.
In some embodiments, step S3 includes: pressurizing the test chamber to 550 +/-10 Pa, keeping the pressure for 3 +/-0.5 minutes, then relieving the pressure to atmospheric pressure, keeping the pressure for 2 +/-0.5 minutes, and repeating the steps for 5-10 times; step S5 includes: and pressurizing the test chamber to 550 +/-10 Pa, keeping the pressure for 3 +/-0.5 minutes, then decompressing the test chamber to atmospheric pressure, keeping the pressure for 2 +/-0.5 minutes, repeating the steps for 5-10 times, and then discharging the cold sea water solution out of the test chamber.
In some embodiments, in step S6, the number of times steps S2 to S5 are repeated is 80-100 times.
In some embodiments, three identical test pieces are fixed in the test box at intervals for testing, and initial data and test data of the three test pieces are recorded respectively.
The design test method for the photovoltaic module in the seawater environment has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the design test method for the photovoltaic module in the seawater environment simulates the influence of the temperature change of the seawater on the test piece by alternately soaking the test piece by the hot seawater solution and the cold seawater solution, simulates the influence of the beating of the sea waves on the test piece and the influence of the pressure of the seawater on the test piece by repeatedly adding and reducing pressure in the soaking process to form a comprehensive cyclic test environment with temperature change and pressure change, repeats the process for many times to simulate the influence of the periodic change of the pressure and the temperature of the seawater on the test piece in the whole design life cycle of the test piece, and finally obtains the appearance change condition and the electrical property parameter of the test piece by comparing the initial data and the test data, thereby judging whether the photovoltaic module obtained by referring to the standard design of the test piece can meet the application requirement of the seawater environment, the proximity of the test environment and the real seawater environment is high, therefore, the test data is accurate and reliable, and the component material and the component manufacturing process suitable for the seawater environment can be designed according to the test data, so that the photovoltaic component which can be reliably applied to the seawater environment is obtained.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a design test apparatus for a photovoltaic module used in a seawater environment, which is suitable for a design test method for a photovoltaic module used in a seawater environment, and includes a test chamber, a pressure pump, a hot seawater tank, and a cold seawater tank; the test box is provided with a sealed cavity, a support frame is arranged in the sealed cavity and used for fixing and placing a test piece, a drain pipe communicated with the sealed cavity is arranged at the bottom of the test box, and a pressure release valve communicated with the sealed cavity is arranged at the top of the test box; the output end of the pressure pump is communicated with the top of the sealed cavity; the drainage end of the hot seawater tank is communicated with the sealed cavity; the drainage end of the cold sea water tank is communicated with the sealing cavity.
With reference to the second aspect, in one possible implementation manner, the support frame includes a bottom frame and a plurality of sets of upright frames; the bottom frame is used for being fixed on the bottom cavity wall of the sealed cavity; the length or width direction interval distribution of multiunit grudging post along the underframe are on the underframe, and every group grudging post includes two spaced frameworks each other, and two frameworks are used for the cooperation to press from both sides the dress and support a test piece.
In some embodiments, a water inlet pipe communicated with the seal cavity is arranged on the top wall of the test box, a water pump is arranged on the water inlet pipe, and a water inlet end of the water pump, a water discharging end of the hot seawater tank and a water discharging end of the cold seawater tank are connected through a first three-way valve.
In some embodiments, the water inlet end of the hot sea water tank and the water inlet end of the cold sea water tank are respectively provided with a water return pipe, and the two water return pipes and the water discharge pipe are connected through a second three-way valve.
The design test device for the photovoltaic module in the seawater environment has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the photovoltaic module is used for the design test device of the seawater environment, the test piece can be fixed in the test box through the support frame, the hot seawater tank, the cold seawater and the drain pipe can alternately fill the hot seawater solution and the cold seawater solution into the test chamber, so that the test piece can obtain a seawater immersion environment with alternately changing temperature, and meanwhile, because the inside of the test box is a sealed cavity, the pressure can be generated in the sealed cavity through the pressure pump, thereby enabling the hot seawater solution or the cold seawater solution to generate pressure on the test piece, simultaneously utilizing the pressure relief valve to release the pressure of the sealed cavity, by repeatedly adding pressure relief to simulate the condition that sea waves or sea winds flap the photovoltaic module, a comprehensive cycle test environment with temperature change and pressure change is formed, the method has high proximity with the real seawater environment, and can improve the reliability of test data, so that the photovoltaic module which is reliably applied to the seawater environment can be designed and obtained according to the test data.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block flow diagram of a design test method for a photovoltaic module in a seawater environment according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a design test device for a photovoltaic module in a seawater environment according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the internal structure of a test chamber used in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a support frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 100. a test piece; 101. a test chamber; 1010. sealing the cavity; 102. a pressure pump; 103. a hot sea water tank; 104. a cold sea water tank; 105. a drain pipe; 106. a pressure relief valve; 107. a water inlet pipe; 108. a water pump; 109. a first three-way valve; 110. a water return pipe; 111. a second three-way valve; 112. a support frame; 1121. a bottom frame; 1122. and (5) erecting a frame.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a design test method of the photovoltaic module for a seawater environment according to the present invention will now be described. The design test method for the photovoltaic module used in the seawater environment comprises the following steps:
step S1, performing appearance and electrical property tests on the test piece 100, recording initial data, and then fixedly placing the test piece in the test box 101;
step S2, discharging hot seawater solution into the test box 101 until the test piece 100 is submerged;
step S3, repeatedly pressurizing and decompressing the test chamber 101 for many times;
step S4, discharging the hot seawater solution out of the test box 101, and discharging the cold seawater solution into the test box 101 until the test piece 100 is submerged;
step S5, repeatedly pressurizing and decompressing the test box 101 for multiple times, and then discharging the cold sea water solution out of the test box 101;
step S6, repeating the steps S2 to S5 for a plurality of times, taking out the test piece 100, testing the appearance and the electrical property of the test piece 100 and recording test data;
and step S7, comparing the initial data with the test data to obtain the appearance change condition and the power attenuation ratio of the test piece 100.
It should be noted that in the seawater environment, the seawater temperature changes periodically with the change of seasons, and meanwhile, because the temperature changes in the air during sea wave flapping and seawater sputtering, the temperatures of the hot seawater solution and the cold seawater solution used in the test should be based on the highest temperature and the lowest temperature in the seawater environment; similarly, the pressure value during pressurization should be based on the pressure of seawater acting on the photovoltaic module in extreme storm weather (12-level wind action), so as to ensure that the photovoltaic module can normally work in extreme weather; in addition, in step S6, before the test piece 100 is subjected to the appearance and electrical property test, the surface of the test piece 100 needs to be dried by natural air drying or towel drying, and the test piece cannot be dried by heating or high-pressure air drying, so that the influence of external force on the test data is avoided.
It should be understood that after testing a test piece 100, the test piece 100 of a different material or processing technique may be replaced for retesting, and the test data of different test pieces 100 may be compared to obtain the best design.
Compared with the prior art, the design test method for the photovoltaic module in the seawater environment provided by the embodiment simulates the influence of the temperature change of the seawater on the test piece 100 by alternately soaking the test piece 100 in the hot seawater solution and the cold seawater solution, simulates the influence of the beating of the sea waves on the test piece 100 and the influence of the pressure of the seawater on the test piece 100 by repeatedly adding and reducing pressure in the soaking process, forms a comprehensive cyclic test environment with the temperature change and the pressure change, and simulates the influence of the periodic change of the seawater pressure and the seawater temperature on the test piece 100 in the whole design life cycle by repeating the process for many times, and finally obtains the appearance change condition and the electrical performance parameters of the test piece 100 by comparing the initial data and the test data, thereby judging whether the photovoltaic module obtained by referring to the standard design of the test piece 100 can meet the application requirement of the seawater environment, the proximity of the test environment and the real seawater environment is high, therefore, the test data is accurate and reliable, and the component material and the component manufacturing process suitable for the seawater environment can be designed according to the test data, so that the photovoltaic component which can be reliably applied to the seawater environment is obtained.
In some embodiments, the salinity of the hot seawater solution and the cold seawater solution are both 3.83-3.84%. Because natural seawater cannot be conveniently taken in the test process, seawater needs to be manually configured, namely, salt of the artificial seawater and water are mixed according to a certain proportion, the proportion of the salt of the artificial seawater refers to the salinity (3.4-3.5%) of the natural seawater, and the salinity of the hot seawater solution and the salinity of the cold seawater solution are both configured to be 3.83-3.84% (Kg/100L) in consideration of the influence of the temperature change of the seawater on the salinity.
In some embodiments, the temperature of the hot seawater solution is 45 ± 5 ℃ and the temperature of the cold seawater solution is 6 ± 3 ℃. Considering that factors influencing the water temperature of the seawater environment mainly lie in the change of day and night temperature difference besides seasonal change, the seawater generally decreases along with the increase of the depth, the water temperature at the depth of one kilometer is about 4-5 ℃, the water temperature at the depth of two kilometers is about 2-3 ℃, the water temperature exceeding the depth of three kilometers is reduced to 1-2 ℃, and the seawater accounting for 75% of the total volume of the ocean is between 0-6 ℃, because the photovoltaic module is mainly applied to an island or a water surface area adjacent to a coast, the temperature of a cold seawater solution is set to be 6 +/-3 ℃ and can be matched with the temperature of natural seawater in the area, for the temperature of hot seawater, the temperature of the island can reach 38-40 ℃ along with the difference of the earth area or the latitude, according to the international standard, the high temperature of a module for land test is set to be 45 ℃, because the high temperature condition when the photovoltaic module is applied to the seawater environment is different from that of land, therefore, the temperature of the hot seawater solution is set within the temperature range of 45 +/-5 ℃, and the temperature change range covering and approaching the natural seawater can be ensured.
In some embodiments, step S3 includes: pressurizing the test chamber 101 to 550 +/-10 Pa, keeping the pressure for 3 +/-0.5 minutes, then relieving the pressure to atmospheric pressure, keeping the pressure for 2 +/-0.5 minutes, and repeating the steps for 5-10 times; step S5 includes: pressurizing the test box 101 to 550 +/-10 Pa, keeping the pressure for 3 +/-0.5 minutes, then decompressing the pressure to the atmospheric pressure, keeping the pressure for 2 +/-0.5 minutes, repeating the steps for 5-10 times, and then discharging the cold sea water solution out of the test box 101.
Simulating photovoltaics in view of the intensity of a sea stormThe bearing capacity of the assembly in a severe environment is subjected to a pressurization test, and the calculation basis of the pressurization parameter is as follows: air density rho is 1.29Kg/m3The wind speed of 12-grade sea wind is above 32.6m/s, wherein the wind speed is 32.6m/s, and F is 1.29, 32.6, 1 is 1370.9604N; selecting F as 1.37KN, calculating the area of the test piece 100 by using a commonly used 1.63 square meter according to the smaller the area of the test piece 100 and the larger the bearing pressure, and obtaining the pressure born by the test piece 100 as 840Pa according to a pressure calculation formula, but because the area of the test piece 100 can be adjusted according to the needs and the single test piece 100 area can not represent photovoltaic modules with other sizes, designing a pressurization value by referring to the cross section area of the test box 101, designing the cross section area of the test box 101 according to 2.5 square meters, thereby calculating the pressure value needing to pressurize the test box 101 to be about 550Pa, and selecting 550 +/-10 Pa to test to meet the proximity requirement of the natural seawater pressure under the action of sea wind; and meanwhile, the alternate soaking and pressure increasing and reducing processes of the hot seawater solution and the cold seawater solution are circulated for more than five times, so that the actual environment that the photovoltaic module is beaten by seawater at different temperatures and repeatedly soaked can be simulated, and the high proximity between the test environment and the natural seawater environment is ensured.
In some embodiments, in step S6, the number of times steps S2 to S5 are repeated is 80-100 times. The hot seawater solution and the cold seawater are easily soaked alternately for multiple times, multiple changes of the pressure in the test box 101 are used as a test period, the influence of the seawater environment along with seasonal changes is considered, the test is performed according to four test periods every year, the design life of the photovoltaic module is usually 20-25 years, the influence condition that the test piece 100 is influenced by the seawater environment in the whole design life can be reflected after 80-100 times of test period circulation is needed, and therefore the photovoltaic module obtained according to test data design can work stably and reliably in the design life.
In order to improve the reliability of the test data, avoid a large deviation when a single test piece 100 is used for testing, and ensure the reliability of the test data, in some embodiments, please refer to fig. 3, three identical test pieces 100 are fixed in a test box 101 at intervals for testing, and the initial data and the test data of the three test pieces 100 are recorded separately. Certainly, the more test pieces 100 are used in the test, the higher the accuracy of the obtained data is, but because the test itself is destructive, in order to reduce the cost, the fewer test pieces 100 are used as far as possible on the premise that the test data can represent the performance of the whole batch of products of the same type, and three test pieces 100 which are completely the same are selected for testing, so that the performance of the same type of products can be represented, and the test cost can be reduced.
Based on the same inventive concept, please refer to fig. 2 and fig. 3, an embodiment of the present application further provides a design test apparatus for a photovoltaic module used in a seawater environment, which is suitable for the design test method for the photovoltaic module used in the seawater environment, and includes a test chamber 101, a pressure pump 102, a hot seawater tank 103, and a cold seawater tank 104; the test box 101 is provided with a sealed cavity 1010, a support frame 112 is arranged in the sealed cavity 1010, the support frame 112 is used for fixedly placing the test piece 100, the bottom of the test box 101 is provided with a drain pipe 105 communicated with the sealed cavity 1010, and the top of the test box 101 is provided with a pressure release valve 106 communicated with the sealed cavity 1010; the output end of the pressure pump 102 is communicated with the top of the sealed cavity 1010; the water discharge end of the hot sea water tank 103 is communicated with the sealed cavity 1010; the discharge end of the cold sea water tank 104 is in communication with the sealed chamber 1010.
It should be understood that, the drain ends of the hot sea water tank 103 and the cold sea water tank 104 should be respectively provided with a corresponding switch valve, the hot sea water tank 103 and the cold sea water tank 101 can be drained with hot sea water solution or cold sea water solution by operating the switch valves, and in order to increase the speed of filling liquid into the test chamber 101, the drain ends of the hot sea water tank 103 and the cold sea water tank 104 can be respectively provided with a pump for pumping water, the hot water tank and the cold water tank should be used as a box body adopting a sealed heat insulation structure, of course, the drain pipe 105 should also be provided with a switch valve, and in order to facilitate the operation, each switch valve and the pressure release valve 106 can be an electric control valve, and the controller controls the working state of each electric control valve, the pump and the pressure pump 102.
Compared with the prior art, the photovoltaic module design test device for the seawater environment provided by the embodiment can fix the test piece 100 in the test box 101 through the support frame 112, the hot seawater tank 103, the cold seawater and the drain pipe 105 can enable the test box 101 to be alternately filled with the hot seawater solution and the cold seawater solution, so that the test piece 100 can obtain the seawater soaking environment with alternately changed temperature, meanwhile, because the inside of the test box 101 is the sealed cavity 1010, the pressure in the sealed cavity 1010 can be generated through the pressure pump 102, so that the hot seawater solution or the cold seawater solution can generate pressure on the test piece 100, meanwhile, the pressure of the sealed cavity 1010 can be released through the pressure release valve 106, the situation that sea waves or sea winds flap the photovoltaic module can be simulated through repeatedly increasing and releasing pressure, a comprehensive cycle test environment with changed temperature and changed pressure is formed, the proximity to the real seawater environment is high, the reliability of the test data can be improved, and therefore the photovoltaic module which is reliably applied to the seawater environment can be designed and obtained according to the test data.
In some embodiments, the support frame 112 is configured as shown in fig. 4. The support frame 112 comprises a bottom frame 1121 and a plurality of sets of upright frames 1122; the bottom frame 1121 is used for being fixed on the bottom cavity wall of the sealed cavity 1010; the multiple sets of vertical frames 1122 are distributed on the bottom frame 1121 at intervals along the length or width direction of the bottom frame 1121, each set of vertical frame 1122 includes two frames spaced from each other, and the two frames are used for being matched with each other to clamp and support one test piece 100. Because the bottom frame 1121 and the upright frames 1122 are both frame-type structures, the surface of the test piece 100 can be ensured to be fully contacted with hot seawater or cold seawater, and meanwhile, a plurality of groups of upright frames 1122 arranged at intervals can respectively clamp and support one test piece 100, so that a space for circulating hot seawater or cold seawater is formed between adjacent test pieces 100, and the surface of each test piece 100 can be ensured to be soaked or pressed.
For example, referring to fig. 2, a water inlet pipe 107 communicated with the sealed cavity 1010 is arranged on the top wall of the test chamber 101, a water pump 108 is arranged on the water inlet pipe 107, and a water inlet end of the water pump 108, a water discharging end of the hot sea water tank 103 and a water discharging end of the cold sea water tank 104 are connected through a first three-way valve 109; the water inlet end of the hot sea water tank 103 and the water inlet end of the cold sea water tank 104 are respectively provided with a water return pipe 110, and the two water return pipes 110 and the water discharge pipe 105 are connected through a second three-way valve 111. It should be understood that the first three-way valve 109 and the second three-way valve 111 are preferably three-way valves having a neutral cut function, and the three-way valves are switched to a cut state after the test piece 100 is submerged by the hot seawater solution or the cold seawater solution, so as to prevent the seawater solution in the test tank 101 from leaking during the cyclic pressurization process. The first three-way valve 109 can be operated to selectively enable the water pump 108 to pump water from the hot sea water tank 103 or the cold sea water tank 104 into the test box 101, and the second three-way valve 111 can be operated to enable the hot sea water solution or the cold sea water solution in the test box 101 to flow back to the corresponding hot sea water tank 103 or the cold sea water tank 104 again for recycling, so that the operation is simple and resources are saved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The design test method for the photovoltaic module used in the seawater environment is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, performing appearance and electrical property tests on the test piece, recording initial data, and then fixedly placing the test piece in a test box;
step S2, discharging hot seawater solution into the test box until the test piece is submerged;
step S3, repeatedly pressurizing and decompressing the test chamber for multiple times;
step S4, discharging the hot seawater solution out of the test box, and discharging a cold seawater solution into the test box until the test piece is submerged;
step S5, repeatedly pressurizing and decompressing the test chamber for multiple times, and then discharging the cold sea water solution out of the test chamber;
step S6, repeating the steps S2 to S5 for a plurality of times, taking out the test piece, testing the appearance and the electrical property of the test piece and recording test data;
and step S7, comparing the initial data with the test data to obtain the appearance change condition and the power attenuation ratio of the test piece.
2. The design test method for the photovoltaic module used in the seawater environment according to claim 1, wherein the salinity of the hot seawater solution and the salinity of the cold seawater solution are both 3.83-3.84%.
3. The design test method for photovoltaic module used in seawater environment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of the hot seawater solution is 45 ± 5 ℃ and the temperature of the cold seawater solution is 6 ± 3 ℃.
4. The design test method for the photovoltaic module used in the seawater environment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S3 comprises: pressurizing the test chamber to 550 +/-10 Pa, keeping the pressure for 3 +/-0.5 minutes, then decompressing the test chamber to atmospheric pressure, keeping the pressure for 2 +/-0.5 minutes, and repeating the steps for 5-10 times;
the step S5 includes: and pressurizing the test chamber to 550 +/-10 Pa, keeping the pressure for 3 +/-0.5 minutes, then decompressing the test chamber to atmospheric pressure, keeping the pressure for 2 +/-0.5 minutes, repeating the steps for 5-10 times, and then discharging the cold sea water solution out of the test chamber.
5. The design test method for the photovoltaic module used in the seawater environment according to claim 1, wherein in the step S6, the number of times of repeating the steps S2 to S5 is 80 to 100.
6. The design test method for the seawater environment for the photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein three identical test pieces are fixed in the test box at intervals for testing, and initial data and test data of the three test pieces are recorded respectively.
7. The design test device for the photovoltaic module in the seawater environment is characterized by being applicable to the design test method for the photovoltaic module in the seawater environment according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and comprising the following steps:
the test box is provided with a sealed cavity, a support frame is arranged in the sealed cavity and used for fixing and placing a test piece, a drain pipe communicated with the sealed cavity is arranged at the bottom of the test box, and a pressure release valve communicated with the sealed cavity is arranged at the top of the test box;
the output end of the pressure pump is communicated with the top of the sealed cavity;
the drainage end of the hot seawater tank is communicated with the sealed cavity;
and the drainage end of the cold sea water tank is communicated with the sealed cavity.
8. The design testing apparatus for a photovoltaic module used in a seawater environment of claim 7, wherein the support frame comprises:
the bottom frame is used for being fixed on the bottom cavity wall of the sealed cavity;
the test piece comprises a plurality of groups of vertical frames, wherein the vertical frames are distributed on the bottom frame at intervals along the length direction or the width direction of the bottom frame, each group of vertical frames comprises two frame bodies which are spaced from each other, and the two frame bodies are used for being matched with each other to clamp and support one test piece.
9. The device for testing the design of the photovoltaic module for the seawater environment as claimed in claim 7, wherein the top wall of the test chamber is provided with a water inlet pipe communicated with the sealed cavity, the water inlet pipe is provided with a water pump, and the water inlet end of the water pump, the water discharge end of the hot seawater tank and the water discharge end of the cold seawater tank are connected through a first three-way valve.
10. The design test device for the seawater environment of the photovoltaic module according to claim 7, wherein the water inlet end of the hot seawater tank and the water inlet end of the cold seawater tank are respectively provided with a water return pipe, and the two water return pipes and the water discharge pipe are connected through a second three-way valve.
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