CN113533034B - Soil body tensile test device and soil body tensile test method - Google Patents
Soil body tensile test device and soil body tensile test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113533034B CN113533034B CN202111004574.2A CN202111004574A CN113533034B CN 113533034 B CN113533034 B CN 113533034B CN 202111004574 A CN202111004574 A CN 202111004574A CN 113533034 B CN113533034 B CN 113533034B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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Abstract
The invention provides a soil body tensile test device and a soil body tensile test method, belonging to the technical field of slope strength research, wherein the soil body tensile test device comprises: a counter force frame having opposing top and bottom plates; the loading assembly is matched with the top plate; the stress sensor is connected with one end of the loading assembly, which is close to the bottom plate; the displacement sensor is arranged on the end face of the top plate close to the bottom plate; the fixed clamping seat is connected with the stress sensor; and the soil preparation assembly comprises an upper matching sleeve detachably connected with the fixed clamping seat, at least two petal type side movable plates detachably connected with the upper matching sleeve, a rubber film which is detachably arranged on the inner side of the petal type side movable plates, and a lower matching sleeve detachably connected with the petal type side movable plates, the at least two petal type side movable plates form a movable sleeve which is connected in the circumferential direction in a surrounding mode, and the lower matching sleeve is detachably connected with the bottom plate. When soil mass samples are manufactured and tensile tests are performed, the soil manufacturing components are disassembled and assembled, and the purposes of manufacturing and stretching the soil mass samples can be achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of slope strength research, and particularly relates to a soil body tensile test device and a soil body tensile test method.
Background
Slope instability damage is a gradual change process from tensile damage to shear damage of soil body strength, so that the development of research on the tensile strength of the soil body is a key and basis for determining slope instability damage. The theoretical basis of slope stability analysis is the soil strength theory, and common knowledge is achieved on the fact that tension damage occurs near the top of a slope according to the deepening of the slope stability knowledge at present. However, the current research on the tensile strength theory of soil bodies is still in the initial stage. At present, the main methods for determining the tensile strength of soil bodies through test methods are divided into indirect methods and direct methods. The indirect method measures the fracturing strength of the sample by applying pressure to the soil body in the radial direction, so that the axial tension strength of the soil body is indirectly calculated. However, the soil body tensile strength obtained by the indirect method has large discreteness and is generally larger than the soil body tensile strength obtained by direct stretching.
Based on this, with the continuous development of instruments and equipment, the direct action of tensile force on the soil body becomes a feasible scheme. Among many direct tensile test instruments, the horizontal stretching instrument is the most common instrument for measuring the tensile strength of the soil body, the stretching effect of the soil body is realized through a clamp or a soil nail arranged in a model, but the horizontal stretching instrument is limited by the shape of a mold, only the crack development condition on the surface of the soil body can be observed, and the obtained soil body strength discreteness is large.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a soil body tensile test device and a soil body tensile test method, and aims to solve the technical problem that when a horizontal type stretching instrument realizes the stretching action of a soil body through a clamp or a soil nail arranged in a model and the like, only the development of cracks on the surface of the soil body can be observed due to limitation of the shape of a mould, so that the strength discreteness of the soil body is large.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a soil body tensile test apparatus comprising: a counterforce frame having opposing top and bottom plates; the loading assembly comprises a pressurized oil pump penetrating through the top plate, a hydraulic oil pipe communicated with the pressurized oil pump, and a hydraulic oil cylinder communicated with the hydraulic oil pipe; the stress sensor is connected with one end, close to the bottom plate, of the pressurized oil pump; the displacement sensor is arranged on the end face, close to the bottom plate, of the top plate; the fixed clamping seat is connected with the stress sensor; the soil preparation assembly comprises an upper matching sleeve detachably connected with the fixed clamping seat, at least two petal-type side movable plates detachably connected with the upper matching sleeve, a rubber film which can be separately arranged on the inner sides of the petal-type side movable plates, and a lower matching sleeve detachably connected with the petal-type side movable plates, the at least two petal-type side movable plates form a movable sleeve which is connected in the circumferential direction in a surrounding mode, and the lower matching sleeve is detachably connected with the bottom plate;
when the soil sample is manufactured, the soil preparation assembly is disassembled from the fixed clamping seat and the bottom plate to be in an independent state, and a forming cavity of the soil sample is formed by the upper matching sleeve, the petal-type side movable plate, the rubber film and the lower matching sleeve;
during a tensile test, the soil preparation assembly is installed between the fixed clamping seat and the bottom plate through the upper matching sleeve and the lower matching sleeve, the petal-type side movable plate is removed, and vertical tension is applied to a soil sample through the loading assembly.
In a possible implementation manner, the upper coupling sleeve, the lower coupling sleeve and the flap-type side movable plate jointly enclose to form an hourglass-shaped forming cavity with thick ends and thin middle.
In a possible implementation manner, each flap-type side movable plate is provided with a locking hole, and the adjacent flap-type side movable plates are detachably matched with a locking bolt in the corresponding locking holes.
In a possible implementation manner, each flap-type side movable plate is provided with an alignment hole, and adjacent flap-type side movable plates are detachably matched with alignment pins in the corresponding alignment holes.
In a possible implementation manner, the upper mating sleeve and the petal-type side movable plate, and the lower mating sleeve and the petal-type side movable plate are in one or more of threaded fit, snap fit and pin fit.
In a possible implementation manner, the upper mating sleeve and the fixed clamping seat, and the lower mating sleeve and the bottom plate are in one or more of threaded fit, snap fit, and pin fit.
In a possible implementation manner, a positioning hole aligned with the upper adapting sleeve is arranged in a matching range of the upper adapting sleeve and the fixing clamping seat, a fixing bolt extending out of the upper adapting sleeve and the fixing clamping seat is arranged in the positioning hole, one end of the displacement sensor is arranged on the top plate, and the other end of the displacement sensor is arranged on the fixing bolt.
In a possible implementation manner, the soil body tensile test device further includes a sliding seat body disposed in cooperation with the pressurized oil pump, and the sliding seat body can move relative to the top plate and is fixed at a target position.
In a possible implementation manner, the top plate is provided with a sliding groove, and the sliding seat body is arranged in the sliding groove in a penetrating manner.
The soil body tensile test device provided by the invention at least has the following technical effects: compared with the prior art, the soil body tensile test device provided by the invention has the advantages that the counter-force frame is used as a supporting structure, the loading assembly is used for applying vertical tensile force to the soil body sample, the stress sensor is used for recording the tensile force in the loading process, the displacement sensor is used for recording the continuous displacement change of the soil body sample, the tensile strength of the soil body sample can be directly obtained, in the soil preparation assembly, the soil body sample can be manufactured through the upper matching sleeve, the flap type side movable plate, the rubber film and the lower matching sleeve, the flap type side movable plate can be detached and is installed between the fixed clamping seat and the bottom plate to achieve the vertical fixing purpose of the soil body sample, so that the development condition of the integral crack of the soil body sample in the stretching process can be observed, more consistent soil body strength can be obtained, and the integral crack damage process can be conveniently recorded through CT scanning, PIV technology and the like. In addition, because the soil preparation subassembly both can make soil and can fix the soil body sample, can unify the size of soil body sample, obtain more unanimous soil body intensity to, on join in marriage to connect sleeve, lamella formula side fly leaf and join in marriage under and connect the sleeve and can carry out even tensile effect to the soil body sample, the rubber membrane can closely laminate with the soil body sample, guarantees the integrality of soil body sample.
In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a soil body tensile test method, which uses the soil body tensile test apparatus according to any of the above embodiments, and includes the following steps:
a soil preparation stage: wrapping a rubber film on the inner side of the flap type side movable plate, assembling the flap type side movable plate with the lower matching sleeve, filling soil in a formed forming cavity and compacting, assembling the upper matching sleeve, and detaching the flap type side movable plate to obtain a soil sample;
and (3) a test stage: the soil preparation component and the soil mass sample with the petal type side movable plate detached are assembled between the fixed clamping seat and the bottom plate through the upper matching sleeve and the lower matching sleeve, the loading component is used for providing vertical tension, the displacement sensor is used for recording continuous displacement change of the soil mass sample, the stress sensor is used for recording tension in the loading process, a change curve of the displacement and the stress of the soil mass sample is drawn, and the tensile strength of the soil mass sample is directly obtained.
The soil body tensile test method provided by the invention adopts the soil body tensile test device of any embodiment, the technical effects of the two are the same, and the description is omitted.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a soil body tensile test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an earth-making assembly according to an embodiment of the invention.
Description of the reference numerals:
100. soil body tensile test device 110, reaction frame 111, roof
112. Base plate 120, loading assembly 121, and pressurized oil pump
122. Hydraulic oil pipe 123, hydraulic oil cylinder 130 and stress sensor
140. Displacement sensor 150, fixed cassette 160, system native subassembly
161. Upper matching sleeve 162, flap type side movable plate 163 and rubber film
164. Lower adapter sleeve 165, locking hole 166 and alignment hole
167. Fastening bolt 170, fixed bolt 180, slip pedestal
190. Base 200 and soil sample
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected or intervening elements may be present. When an element is referred to as being "disposed on," "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The connection referred to herein may be an integral connection, a separate connection, a detachable connection, or a non-detachable connection. The "detachable connection" referred to herein then requires that it must be a way to enable repeated detachable installation. "plurality" means two or more.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2 together, a soil body tensile test apparatus 100 and a soil body tensile test method according to an embodiment of the present invention will now be described.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a soil body tensile test apparatus 100, including: a reaction frame 110 having a top plate 111 and a bottom plate 112 facing each other; a loading assembly 120 including a pressurized oil pump 121 penetrating the top plate 111, a hydraulic oil pipe 122 communicating with the pressurized oil pump 121, and a hydraulic oil cylinder 123 communicating with the hydraulic oil pipe 122; a stress sensor 130 connected to one end of the pressurized oil pump 121 near the bottom plate 112; a displacement sensor 140 provided on an end surface of the top plate 111 close to the bottom plate 112; a fixed clamping seat 150 connected with the stress sensor 130; and a soil preparation assembly 160, including an upper mating sleeve 161 detachably connected with the fixed clamping seat 150, at least two flap type side plates 162 detachably connected with the upper mating sleeve 161, a rubber film 163 detachably arranged at the inner sides of the flap type side plates 162, and a lower mating sleeve 164 detachably connected with the flap type side plates 162, wherein the at least two flap type side plates 162 surround the movable sleeve engaged in the circumferential direction, and the lower mating sleeve 164 is detachably connected with the bottom plate 112.
When the soil sample 200 is manufactured, the soil preparation assembly 160 is detached from the fixed clamping seat 150 and the bottom plate 112 to be in an independent state, and a forming cavity of the soil sample 200 is formed by the upper matching sleeve 161, the flap type side movable plate 162, the rubber film 163 and the lower matching sleeve 164; during the tensile test, the soil preparation assembly 160 is installed between the fixed clamping seat 150 and the bottom plate 112 through the upper coupling sleeve 161 and the lower coupling sleeve 164, the flap-type side plate 162 is removed, and a vertical pulling force is applied to the soil sample 200 through the loading assembly 120.
It should be noted that, in the soil body tensile test apparatus 100 provided in the embodiment of the present invention, in combination with the size of the sample model in the triaxial test, the size of the soil body sample 200 in the soil body tensile test apparatus 100 is the same as the size of the soil body sample 200 in the triaxial test, so that the defect of disordered size of the horizontal type stretching instrument sample is overcome, and the standard size of the soil body sample 200 manufactured by using the soil manufacturing component 160 is phi 3mm. The operation process of the soil body tensile test device 100 provided by the embodiment of the invention is simpler and more convenient, the operation is easy to operate, the preparation process of the soil body sample 200 is simple and easy to implement, the tensile principle of the soil body sample 200 is directly clear, and the test result is easy to obtain.
The soil body tensile test device 100 provided by the embodiment of the invention further comprises a base 190, the bottom plate 112 of the counterforce frame 110 is fixed above the base 190 through the manners of threaded connection, welding and the like, and the base 190 serves as a test platform of the whole test device and plays a role in bearing an integral structure.
Specifically, the reaction frame 110 is configured to counteract a pulling force, the loading assembly 120 is at least partially coupled to the reaction frame 110, the stress sensor 130 can be an S-shaped sensor, and the upper adapter sleeve 161 and the lower adapter sleeve 164 can provide a uniform pulling force on the soil sample 200. When soil is prepared, the rubber film 163 is at least arranged inside the flap-type side plate 162, and can also cover the insides of the upper mating sleeve 161 and the lower mating sleeve 164; during the test, the flap-type side plate 162 is removed, and the rubber film 163 is separated from the flap-type side plate 162, so that the soil sample 200 cannot be loosened or collapsed. The soil preparation assembly 160 can be used for preparing the soil sample 200 and can apply uniform tension to the soil sample 200, so that the matching device is higher in consistency and systematicness.
It can be understood that the number of the flap-type side-moving plates 162 may be two, three, four, etc., and the flap-type side-moving plates 162 jointly enclose a movable sleeve connected in the circumferential direction, so that a forming cavity with a circumferential contour can be enclosed, a soil sample 200 capable of being vertically arranged can be obtained, and the soil tensile test apparatus 100 is of a vertical structure under the tensile force action of the loading assembly 120. During the test, the overall crack development of the soil sample 200 in the stretching process can be monitored or recorded by utilizing the CT scanning or DIC technology.
For the loading assembly 120, the pressurized oil pump 121 has a force application end connected to the stress sensor 130, and the hydraulic cylinder 123 may be disposed on the reaction frame 110, on the base 190, or adjacent to the reaction frame 110 and the base 190 for providing hydraulic oil required for tension. In addition, the loading assembly 120 may further include a manual crank connected to the hydraulic cylinder 123, which facilitates adjustment operation by a tester, or the loading assembly 120 may further include an automatic pressing member connected to the hydraulic cylinder 123, which sets rules according to a program to achieve an automatic pressing effect.
Of course, the loading assembly 120 may also be in other forms, such as air bag pressurization, motor-driven pressurization, etc.
The soil body tensile test device 100 provided by the embodiment of the invention at least has the following technical effects: compared with the prior art, in the soil body tensile test device 100 provided by the embodiment of the invention, the reaction frame 110 is used as a support structure, the loading assembly 120 is used for applying vertical tension to the soil body sample 200, the stress sensor 130 is used for recording the tension in the loading process, the displacement sensor 140 is used for recording the continuous displacement change of the soil body sample 200, and the tensile strength of the soil body sample 200 can be directly obtained, in the soil preparation assembly 160, the soil body sample 200 can be prepared through the upper matching sleeve 161, the flap type side movable plate 162, the rubber membrane 163 and the lower matching sleeve 164, and the flap type side movable plate 162 can be detached and is installed between the fixed clamping seat 150 and the bottom plate 112 to achieve the vertical fixing purpose of the soil body sample 200, so that the development condition of the whole crack of the soil body sample 200 in the stretching process can be observed, more consistent soil body strength can be obtained, and the whole crack failure process can be conveniently recorded by utilizing CT scanning, PIV monitoring technology and the like. In addition, the soil preparation assembly 160 can be used for preparing soil and fixing the soil sample 200, so that the size of the soil sample 200 can be unified, more consistent soil strength can be obtained, the upper matching sleeve 161, the flap type side movable plate 162 and the lower matching sleeve 164 can perform uniform stretching effect on the soil sample 200, and the rubber film 163 can be tightly attached to the soil sample 200, so that the integrity of the soil sample 200 is ensured.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in some possible embodiments, the upper mating sleeve 161, the lower mating sleeve 164 and the flap-type side flap plate 162 together enclose an hourglass-shaped cavity with two wide ends and a narrow middle part. In this embodiment, the hourglass-shaped molding cavity with the thick ends and the thin middle part is similar to a polylick column type, and the soil sample 200 with the thick ends and the thin middle part can be prepared, so that during testing, the soil sample 200 is subjected to tensile failure in the middle, the tensile failure state can be controlled to be a pure tensile failure state, and the possibility of shear failure of the soil sample 200 is reduced.
It will be appreciated that the lobed side flaps 162 and the upper and lower mating sleeves 161, 164 are smooth transitions on the inner side walls forming the hourglass shaped cavity. In addition, in order to improve the fitting reliability, the contact surfaces of the flap-type side plate 162 and the upper and lower fitting sleeves 161, 164 are disposed at an angle with respect to the axial direction, that is, the contact area is increased.
Referring to fig. 2, in some possible embodiments, each flap 162 has a locking hole 165, and a locking bolt is detachably engaged in the corresponding locking hole 165 of the adjacent flap 162. In this embodiment, the adjacent flap-type side movable plates 162 are locked, fixed and disassembled in a thread locking manner, so that the assembling and disassembling speed is higher, and the test time and the operation difficulty are reduced. It is understood that each flap type side flap plate 162 may be provided with a plurality of locking holes 165.
Referring to fig. 2, in some possible embodiments, each flap-type side plate 162 is provided with an alignment hole 166, and an alignment pin is detachably engaged in the corresponding alignment hole 166 of the adjacent flap-type side plate 162. In this embodiment, each flap-type side plate 162 may be provided with a plurality of alignment holes 166, and the alignment holes 166 and the alignment pins cooperate to accelerate the alignment speed when the flap-type side plate 162 is mounted.
The engagement between the upper coupling sleeve 161, the lower coupling sleeve 164 and the flap-type side plate 162 is not limited, and will be exemplified below.
Referring to fig. 2, in some possible embodiments, the upper coupling sleeve 161 and the flap plate 162, and the lower coupling sleeve 164 and the flap plate 162 are one or more of a threaded fit, a snap fit, and a pin fit. In the above embodiment, the engaging sleeve 161 and the flap-type side plate 162 can be engaged with each other in a single manner or multiple manners, so as to achieve the effect of strengthening the fastening.
Specifically, an inner thread may be disposed on an inner sidewall of the upper mating sleeve 161, and an outer thread may be disposed on an outer sidewall of the flap-type side flap 162, and the inner thread and the outer thread may be interchanged. An elastic clamping block may also be disposed on the upper mating sleeve 161, and a clamping groove may be disposed on the flap-type side movable plate 162, so that the two are engaged with each other by means of a snap-fit manner, and of course, the positions of the elastic clamping block and the clamping groove may be interchanged. The upper mating sleeve 161 and the flap-type side plate 162 may be provided with threaded holes, and may be fixed by a limit pin, so as to achieve a mating relationship therebetween. The fitting manner of the lower coupling sleeve 164 and the flap-type side plate 162 is the same as the fitting manner of the upper coupling sleeve 161 and the flap-type side plate 162, and is not described herein again. So set up, can realize the equipment and the dismantlement of system native subassembly 160 simply fast.
Of course, in other possible embodiments, other matching manners may be adopted, and the method is not limited to this.
The fitting relationship between the upper coupling sleeve 161 and the fixed clamping seat 150 and between the lower coupling sleeve 164 and the bottom plate 112 are not limited, and will be exemplified below.
In some possible embodiments, the upper coupling sleeve 161 and the fixed clamp 150, and the lower coupling sleeve 164 and the bottom plate 112 are one or more of a threaded fit, a snap fit, and a pin fit. It can be understood that the upper adapting sleeve 161 and the fixed clamping seat 150, and the lower adapting sleeve 164 and the bottom plate 112 may be in a single matching manner, or in multiple matching manners, so as to achieve the effect of strengthening the fastening.
Specifically, the fixed clamping seat 150 may be a hollow structure, an inner thread is disposed on an inner side wall of the fixed clamping seat 150, an outer thread is disposed on an outer side wall of the upper adaptor sleeve 161, and a connection relationship is achieved through a thread fit. The fixing clip 150 may also have a groove, and the upper mating sleeve 161 has an elastic clip, which can be connected by a snap-fit manner, of course, the groove and the elastic clip can be interchanged. The fixed clamping base 150 and the upper adapting sleeve 161 can be provided with threaded holes and fixed by using a limit pin, so that the matching relationship between the fixed clamping base 150 and the upper adapting sleeve is realized. The lower coupling sleeve 164 may be fixed to the bottom plate 112 by a fastening bolt 167, or may be similar to, but not limited to, a snap fit or a limit pin between the upper coupling sleeve 161 and the fixed clamping seat 150.
With such an arrangement, the soil preparation assembly 160 can be assembled and disassembled simply and quickly. Of course, in other possible embodiments, other matching manners may be adopted, and are not limited to this.
Referring to fig. 1, in some possible embodiments, positioning holes are formed in the matching range of the upper matching sleeve 161 and the fixing clip 150, the positioning holes are provided with fixing pins 170 extending out of the upper matching sleeve 161 and the fixing clip 150, one end of the displacement sensor 140 is disposed on the top plate 111, and the other end is disposed on the fixing pins 170. In this embodiment, the engagement between the upper coupling sleeve 161 and the fixed socket 150 is not limited. Positioning holes are formed in the wall thickness direction of the upper mating sleeve 161 and the fixing card holder 150, the positioning holes are aligned with each other, a fixing bolt 170 is detachably disposed in the positioning holes, and two ends of the displacement sensor 140 are respectively disposed between the top plate 111 and the fixing bolt 170.
It can be understood that, the displacement sensor 140 may have both ends of the whole structure thereof respectively disposed on the top plate 111 and the fixing plug 170, or may have both ends of the virtual path of the detection path thereof respectively disposed on the top plate 111 and the fixing plug 170, which is not limited to this, as long as it is ensured that in the lifting process of the fixing plug 170, the displacement sensor 140 can accurately record the lifting displacement of the fixing plug 170, and the lifting displacement of the fixing plug 170 is the tensile displacement of the soil mass sample 200.
So set up, on the one hand, fixed bolt 170 can play reinforced effect to the cooperation relation of joining in marriage on joining in marriage sleeve 161 and fixed cassette 150, forms duplicate protection to improve fixed reliability. On the other hand, the fixing bolt 170 can assist the displacement sensor 140 to record displacement change more accurately, so as to improve the accuracy of the detection result.
Specific structures of the upper coupling sleeve 161 and the lower coupling sleeve 164 are not limited, and will be exemplified below.
In some possible embodiments, the upper coupling sleeve 161 includes an upper cylinder detachably connected to the flap-type side movable plate 162, and a cylinder top seat connected to the upper cylinder and detachably connected to the fixed clamp 150. The lower coupling sleeve 164 includes a lower cylinder detachably connected to the flap-type side plate 162, and a cylinder base 190 connected to the lower cylinder, wherein the cylinder base 190 is detachably connected to the bottom plate 112.
Of course, the upper adapter sleeve 161 and the lower adapter sleeve 164 may be a cylindrical structure with one end open and the other end closed, or may be a cylindrical structure with an installation seat set according to an installation condition, and are not limited thereto.
Referring to fig. 1, in some possible embodiments, the soil body tensile testing apparatus 100 further includes a sliding seat 180 disposed in cooperation with the pressurized oil pump 121, and the sliding seat 180 is capable of moving relative to the top plate 111 and being fixed at a target position. In this embodiment, the installation and fixation position of the soil sample 200 can be adjusted by using the sliding seat body 180, so that the soil sample 200 is ensured to be kept in a vertical state, and the inaccuracy of the measurement result caused by the inclination is prevented.
It can be understood that the sliding seat body 180 can be movably disposed on the top plate 111 through sliding fit, roller fit, and the like, and the effect of fixing at the target position is achieved through a positioning bolt, a positioning claw, a positioning stopper, and the like.
Based on the sliding seat body 180, in one embodiment, the top plate 111 is provided with a sliding slot, and the sliding seat body 180 is inserted into the sliding slot. When the slide base 180 moves in the slide groove, the pressurizing oil pump 121 moves synchronously to ensure consistency. The slide base 180 is a hollow structure with openings at both ends thereof, which is fitted in the sliding groove, the shape of the cavity formed by the hollow structure is not limited, and may be a cylinder, a prism, or the like, and the pressurized oil pump 121 is partially accommodated in the slide base 180.
In addition, the pressure oil pump 121 can integrally move in the vertical direction relative to the sliding seat body 180, and then drive the stress sensor 130 and the fixed clamping seat 150 to move in the vertical direction, so as to record the continuous displacement change of the soil body sample 200, or the pressure oil pump 121 can generate the displacement change between the structures thereof, and then drive the stress sensor 130 and the fixed clamping seat 150 to move in the vertical direction, so as to record the continuous displacement change of the soil body sample 200.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a soil body tensile test method, which adopts the soil body tensile test apparatus 100 according to any of the above embodiments, and includes the following steps:
a soil preparation stage: wrapping the rubber film 163 at the inner side of the flap-type side plate 162, assembling the flap-type side plate 162 with the lower coupling sleeve 164, filling soil into the formed molding cavity and compacting, assembling the upper coupling sleeve 161, and detaching the flap-type side plate 162 to obtain the soil sample 200.
In combination with the embodiment of the soil stretching test apparatus 100, specifically, in the first step, when the test starts, a certain amount of grease is brushed on the interior of the rubber membrane 163 to ensure that the soil sample 200 is not adhered to the rubber membrane 163, and then the rubber membrane 163 is reversely wrapped on the flap-type side movable plate 162; secondly, the flap-type side flap 162 is installed between the upper coupling sleeve 161 and the lower coupling sleeve 164; thirdly, inserting an alignment pin into the alignment hole 166 to ensure the alignment and the attachment between the flap-type side plates 162; fourthly, screwing the locking bolt into the locking hole 165 and screwing; fifthly, opening the upper adapting sleeve 161, and putting the soil sample into a forming cavity and compacting; sixthly, assembling a matching sleeve 161 after the soil sample is compacted; seventhly, the alignment bolt is pulled out of the alignment hole 166, the locking bolt is screwed out of the locking hole 165, and the flap-type side movable plate 162 is removed, so that the soil sample 200 with the upper coupling sleeve 161, the lower coupling sleeve 164 and the rubber film 163 is obtained.
And (3) a test stage: the soil preparation assembly 160 and the soil mass sample 200 with the flap-type side active plate 162 detached are assembled between the fixed clamping seat 150 and the bottom plate 112 through the upper matching sleeve 161 and the lower matching sleeve 164, the loading assembly 120 is used for providing vertical tension, the displacement sensor 140 is used for recording continuous displacement change of the soil mass sample 200, the stress sensor 130 is used for recording tension in the loading process, a change curve of the displacement and the stress of the soil mass sample 200 is drawn, and the tensile strength of the soil mass sample 200 is directly obtained.
With reference to the embodiment of the soil body tensile testing apparatus 100, in a first step, an upper coupling sleeve 161 is connected to the fixed clamping seat 150, and a lower coupling sleeve 164 is fixed to the bottom plate 112 of the reaction frame 110 by fastening bolts 167; secondly, inserting a fixing bolt 170 into the positioning holes of the upper matching sleeve 161 and the fixing clamping seat 150, placing the displacement sensor 140 on the fixing bolt 170, and resetting the displacement sensor 140; thirdly, applying hydraulic oil in a pressurizing oil pump 121 through a hydraulic oil cylinder 123 and a hydraulic oil pipe 122, applying a vertical tension effect on the fixing clamp seat 150 through the pressurizing oil pump 121, and uniformly applying tension to the soil body sample 200 through the upper matching sleeve 161 by the fixing clamp seat 150 to realize a uniform tension effect on the soil body sample 200; and fourthly, continuously applying the tensile force until the soil mass sample 200 is broken, recording the continuous displacement change of the soil mass sample 200 through the displacement sensor 140, recording the tensile force in the loading process through the stress sensor 130, drawing a change curve of the displacement and the stress of the soil mass sample 200, and directly obtaining the tensile strength of the soil mass sample 200.
The soil body tensile test method provided by the invention adopts the soil body tensile test device 100 described in any embodiment, the technical effects of the two are the same, and the description is omitted.
It is to be understood that, in the foregoing embodiments, various parts may be freely combined or deleted to form different combination embodiments, and details of each combination embodiment are not described herein again, and after this description, it can be considered that each combination embodiment has been described in the present specification, and can support different combination embodiments.
The above description is intended to be illustrative of the preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, but rather, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. Soil body tensile test device, its characterized in that includes:
a counterforce frame having opposing top and bottom plates;
the loading assembly comprises a pressurized oil pump penetrating through the top plate, a hydraulic oil pipe communicated with the pressurized oil pump, and a hydraulic oil cylinder communicated with the hydraulic oil pipe;
the stress sensor is connected with one end of the pressurized oil pump close to the bottom plate;
the displacement sensor is arranged on the end face, close to the bottom plate, of the top plate;
the fixed clamping seat is connected with the stress sensor; and
the soil preparation assembly comprises an upper matching sleeve detachably connected with the fixed clamping seat, at least two petal-type side movable plates detachably connected with the upper matching sleeve, a rubber film which can be separately arranged on the inner sides of the petal-type side movable plates, and a lower matching sleeve detachably connected with the petal-type side movable plates, wherein the at least two petal-type side movable plates surround to form a movable sleeve which is connected in the circumferential direction, and the lower matching sleeve is detachably connected with the bottom plate;
when the soil sample is manufactured, the soil preparation assembly is disassembled to be in an independent state from the fixed clamping seat and the bottom plate, and a forming cavity of the soil sample is formed by the upper matching sleeve, the petal type side movable plate, the rubber film and the lower matching sleeve;
during a tensile test, the soil preparation assembly is installed between the fixed clamping seat and the bottom plate through the upper matching sleeve and the lower matching sleeve, the flap type side movable plate is removed, and vertical tension is applied to a soil sample through the loading assembly;
the upper matching sleeve, the lower matching sleeve and the flap type side movable plate are enclosed together to form an hourglass-shaped forming cavity with thick ends and thin middle.
2. The soil mass tensile test apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the flap-type side-plates is provided with a locking hole, and a locking bolt is detachably fitted in the corresponding locking hole of the adjacent flap-type side-plates.
3. The soil mass tensile test device of claim 1 or 2, wherein each flap-type side plate is provided with an alignment hole, and an alignment bolt is detachably matched in the corresponding alignment hole of the adjacent flap-type side plate.
4. The soil mass tensile test apparatus of claim 1, wherein the upper mating sleeve and the petal-type side movable plate, and the lower mating sleeve and the petal-type side movable plate are in one or more of threaded fit, snap fit and pin fit.
5. The soil mass tensile test apparatus of claim 1, wherein one or more of a threaded fit, a snap fit, and a pin fit are provided between the upper mating sleeve and the fixed clamping seat, and between the lower mating sleeve and the bottom plate.
6. The soil mass tensile test apparatus according to claim 1 or 5, wherein positioning holes are formed in the matching range of the upper matching sleeve and the fixing clamping seat, the positioning holes are provided with fixing bolts extending out of the upper matching sleeve and the fixing clamping seat, one end of the displacement sensor is arranged on the top plate, and the other end of the displacement sensor is arranged on the fixing bolts.
7. The soil mass tensile test apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a slide mount disposed in cooperation with the pressurized oil pump, the slide mount being movable relative to the top plate and fixed in a target position.
8. The soil mass tensile test apparatus of claim 7, wherein the top plate is provided with a chute, and the sliding seat body is inserted into the chute.
9. A soil tensile test method using the soil tensile test apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
a soil preparation stage: wrapping a rubber film on the inner side of the flap type side movable plate, assembling the flap type side movable plate with the lower matching sleeve, filling soil in a formed forming cavity and compacting, assembling the upper matching sleeve, and detaching the flap type side movable plate to obtain a soil sample;
and (3) a test stage: the soil preparation component and the soil mass sample with the flap type side movable plate detached are assembled between the fixed clamping seat and the bottom plate through the upper matching sleeve and the lower matching sleeve, the loading component is used for providing vertical tension, the displacement sensor is used for recording continuous displacement change of the soil mass sample, the stress sensor is used for recording tension in the loading process, a change curve of displacement and stress of the soil mass sample is drawn, and the tensile strength of the soil mass sample is directly obtained.
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