CN113532426A - Large-view-field energy detection optical system based on concentric sphere lens - Google Patents
Large-view-field energy detection optical system based on concentric sphere lens Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
In order to increase the average star number in a view field and improve the measurement precision of a star sensor and the star map identification success rate, the invention discloses a large view field energy detection optical system based on a concentric sphere lens, which comprises an asymmetric concentric sphere lens, a bent optical fiber panel and a detector, wherein the asymmetric concentric sphere lens, the bent optical fiber panel and the detector are sequentially arranged along the light incidence direction; the asymmetric concentric sphere lens consists of six lenses; the input surface of the curved optical fiber panel is a curved surface, the curvature of the curved surface is the same as the curvature of the image surface of the asymmetric concentric sphere lens, and the curved surface is arranged at the position of the image surface; the output surface of the bent optical fiber panel is a plane; the detector is a plane detector and is coupled with the output surface of the bent optical fiber panel; incident light rays are imaged on an image surface of the asymmetric concentric sphere lens after passing through the asymmetric concentric sphere lens, enter an input surface of the bent optical fiber panel, and finally are imaged on a plane detector after passing through an output surface of the bent optical fiber panel. The optical system has the advantages of large field of view, uniform size of a full-field diffuse spot, good roundness, nearly Gaussian energy distribution, small magnification chromatic aberration and small distortion.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of optical design, in particular to a large-view-field energy detection optical system adopting a concentric sphere lens structure.
Background
The determination and adjustment of the attitude of the spacecraft are very important for the normal work of the spacecraft, and are an important part in an attitude control system. At present, spacecraft attitude measuring instruments mainly comprise gyroscopes, sun sensors, earth sensors, infrared horizon sensors, star sensors and the like. The star sensor is an attitude sensor with highest precision, autonomous navigation and no drift, and is widely applied in the fields of satellites, ships, telescopes, scientific experimental balloons and the like. The star sensor mainly comprises an optical imaging system and an image processing system. The optical imaging system is an important part of the star sensor, and influences the detection sensitivity, precision, detection probability and the like of the star sensor. With the improvement of the requirement on precise attitude control, the development trend of the optical imaging system is large field of view, large relative aperture and wide spectrum.
The large field of view can ensure that more navigation stars can be obtained under the condition of the same threshold value star and the like, so that the measurement precision of the star sensor and the success rate of star map identification are improved. At present, the realization of a large visual field mainly comprises three modes of a complicated double-Gaussian structure, an aspheric structure and a concentric sphere lens structure. For example, helyna et al use eight improved dual-gauss structures, the realized field of view is 22.6 °, the field of view realized by the dual-gauss structure is limited, and the field of view is increased at the cost of a complicated structure (see article for the design and optimization of the structure of a star sensor optical system based on cmos aps); zhang Huan et al use the complicated double Gauss structure with aspheric surface to realize 17 degree x 17 degree field of view, the use of aspheric surface makes the difficulty of lens processing and detection raise, increase the cost (refer to the article star sensor optical system design). Compared with a complicated double-Gaussian structure and an aspheric structure, the concentric sphere lens structure is simple in structure and convenient to process and detect, Kordas et al design a star sensor camera in a Clementine task, the concentric sphere lens structure is adopted, a 43.2-degree 28.4-degree view field is realized by using an optical fiber coupling transmission mode, and the diameter of an entrance pupil is 14 mm. Although it achieves a larger field of view, the aperture is smaller, which is not conducive to energy harvesting (see article Star tracker stellar assembly for the clinical issue).
Disclosure of Invention
In order to increase the average star number in a view field and improve the measurement precision of a star sensor and the star map identification success rate, the invention provides a large view field energy detection optical system based on a concentric sphere lens structure, which has low distortion, low magnification chromatic aberration and larger aperture.
The technical scheme of the invention is to provide a large-view-field energy detection optical system based on a concentric sphere lens, which is characterized in that: the optical fiber detector comprises an asymmetric concentric sphere lens, a bent optical fiber panel and a detector which are sequentially arranged along the incident direction of light rays;
the asymmetric concentric sphere lens consists of six lenses; the six lenses are concentrically arranged, and the focal lengths of the six lenses are different;
the input surface of the curved optical fiber panel is a curved surface, the curvature of the input surface is the same as the curvature of the image surface of the asymmetric concentric sphere lens, and the input surface is arranged at the position of the image surface of the asymmetric concentric sphere lens; the output surface of the bent optical fiber panel is a plane;
the detector is a plane detector and is coupled with the output surface of the bent optical fiber panel;
incident light rays pass through the asymmetric concentric sphere lens and then are imaged on an image surface of the asymmetric concentric sphere lens, the light rays enter an input surface of the curved optical fiber panel, and finally the incident light rays pass through an output surface of the curved optical fiber panel and are imaged on the plane detector.
Further, the asymmetric concentric sphere lenses sequentially comprise, in the light incidence direction: a first positive lens, a first negative lens, a second positive lens, a third negative lens, a third positive lens; the lenses are combined together by gluing.
Further, the focal lengths f 'of the first positive lens, the first negative lens, the second positive lens, the third negative lens and the third positive lens'1、f’2、f’3、f’4、f’5、f’6Respectively as follows:
the focal length of the first positive lens is 0.6 f'<f’1<0.8f’；
The focal length of the first negative lens is-12 f'<f’2<-10f’；
Focal length of the second negative lens is-1.2 f'<f’3<-f’；
Focal length of the second positive lens is 2.7 f'<f’4<2.9f’；
The focal length of the third negative lens is-2.4 f'<f’5<-2.2f’；
The focal length of the third positive lens is 1.4 f'<f’6<1.7f’。
Furthermore, the refractive index n of the first positive lens, the first negative lens, the second positive lens, the third negative lens and the third positive lens1、n2、n3、n4、n5、n6Respectively as follows:
the refractive index of the first positive lens is 1.4<n1<1.55；
The refractive index of the first negative lens is 1.7<n2<1.85；
The refractive index of the second negative lens is 1.55<n3<1.7；
The refractive index of the second positive lens is 1.55<n4<1.7；
The refractive index of the third negative lens is 1.45<n5<1.6；
The refractive index of the third positive lens is 1.7<n6<1.85。
Further, the radius of curvature R of the light incident surface of the first positive lens is1And the radius of curvature R of the light-emitting surface2Satisfies the following conditions:
0.6f’1<R1<f’1；0.5f’1<R2<0.7f’1；
the curvature radius R of the first negative lens light incident surface3And the radius of curvature R of the light-emitting surface4Satisfies the following conditions:
0.5f’1<R3<0.7f’1；0.2f’1<R4<0.4f’1；
the radius of curvature R of the second negative lens incident surface5And the radius of curvature R of the light-emitting surface6Satisfies the following conditions:
0.2f’1<R5<0.4f’1；f’1<R6；
the radius of curvature R of the second positive lens light incident surface7And the radius of curvature R of the light-emitting surface8Satisfies the following conditions:
f’1<R7；-0.4f’1<R8<-0.2f’1；
the radius of curvature R of the third negative lens incident surface9And the radius of curvature R of the light-emitting surface10Satisfies the following conditions:
-0.4f’1<R9<-0.2f’1；-0.6f’1<R10<-0.4f’1；
the radius of curvature R of the third positive lens light incident surface11And the radius of curvature R of the light-emitting surface12Satisfies the following conditions:
-0.6f’1<R11<-0.4f’1；-0.9f’1<R12<-0.7f’1。
further, in order to be capable of adapting to stronger radiation and larger temperature difference in the space environment, the material of the first positive lens is fused silica JGS 1.
Further, the planar detector is a planar CCD.
Further, the glass materials of the first negative lens, the second positive lens, the third negative lens and the third positive lens are respectively: H-ZLAF52A, H-ZPK5, H-ZPK5, H-K5 and H-ZLAF 52A.
The focal length of the concentric sphere lens-based large-field energy detection optical system is 50mm, and the diameter of the entrance pupil is 30 mm.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention adopts the concentric sphere lens structure to design, and the concentric sphere lens does not generate external aberrations such as distortion, magnification chromatic aberration and the like due to the characteristic of rotational symmetry about the full field of view, thereby being beneficial to realizing large-field high-quality imaging; meanwhile, compared with a double-gauss structure and an aspheric structure, the concentric sphere lens is simple in structure and convenient to process and detect; in addition, the invention considers the influence of the effective clear aperture of the concentric sphere lens, designs the diameter of the entrance pupil to be 30mm, and couples the plane output surface of the curved optical fiber panel to the plane CCD by arranging the curved optical fiber panel with the same input surface and curvature on the curved image surface, thereby solving the field curvature defect of the concentric sphere lens and realizing the imaging of the plane detector. Image quality analysis proves that the optical system has good imaging quality, uniform diffuse spot size and good roundness in the full visual field, energy close to Gaussian distribution, small magnification chromatic aberration and small distortion.
2. The large-view-field energy detection optical system based on the concentric sphere lens adopts a concentric sphere lens structure, utilizes the full-view-field rotational symmetry characteristic of the concentric sphere lens structure, considers the influence of the effective clear aperture and the transmission efficiency of the bent optical fiber panel, realizes 25 degrees of sub-view fields and 75 degrees of full-view fields, and is favorable for improving the measurement precision of the star sensor and the star map identification success rate.
3. 90% of energy of the 460-plus 850nm full-field is concentrated in the 3 x 3 pixel, the diffuse spot is uniform in size and good in roundness, the energy is close to Gaussian distribution, the distortion is less than 2.37%, and the chromatic aberration of magnification is less than 1.02 x 10-4And the particle size is mum, which is beneficial to star point extraction. The wavelength band of 460 and 850nm is selected, and the spectral response of the detector and the spectral characteristics of stars are fully considered.
4. The structure of the coupling detector of the bent optical fiber panel is used for realizing the imaging of the plane detector, and the use of the bent optical fiber panel is also beneficial to improving the optical fiber coupling efficiency.
5. The first lens material of the concentric sphere lens is fused quartz JGS1, and the concentric sphere lens can adapt to stronger radiation and larger temperature difference in the space environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical system according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a dot-sequence diagram of an optical system of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an energy concentration curve of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a chromatic aberration of magnification curve according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a relative distortion curve for the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures are: 1-asymmetric concentric sphere lens, 2-first positive lens, 3-first negative lens, 4-second negative lens, 5-second positive lens, 6-third negative lens, 7-third positive lens, 8-image plane of asymmetric concentric sphere lens, 9-curved optical fiber panel, and 10-plane CCD.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, specific embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making creative efforts based on the embodiments of the present invention, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Furthermore, reference herein to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one implementation of the invention. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
Furthermore, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the drawings, and in the detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings are only examples for convenience of illustration, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms first, second, or third are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Referring to fig. 1, the large-field-of-view energy detection optical system based on a concentric sphere lens in the present embodiment mainly includes an asymmetric concentric sphere lens 1, an optical fiber panel, and a plane detector. As can be seen from the figure, the asymmetric concentric sphere lens 1 is composed of six concentrically arranged lenses, and a first positive lens 2, a first negative lens 3, a second negative lens 4, a second positive lens 5, a third negative lens 6 and a third positive lens 7 are arranged in sequence along the transmission direction of light. The lenses are combined together by gluing. In order to improve the transmission efficiency and the field of view of the fiber optic panel, the present embodiment selects a curved fiber optic panel with higher transmission efficiency than a straight fiber optic panel. As can be seen from the figure, the input surface of the curved fiber optic faceplate 9 is a curved surface with the same curvature as the curvature of the image surface 8 of the asymmetric concentric sphere lens, and the output surface is a flat surface. The input surface of the curved fiber panel 9 is located at the image surface 8 of the asymmetric concentric sphere lens, and the output surface is coupled with a plane detector, in this embodiment, the plane detector is a plane CCD 10. The incident light passes through the asymmetric concentric sphere lens 1 and then is imaged on an image surface 8 of the asymmetric concentric sphere lens, enters an input surface of a curved optical fiber panel 9, and finally is imaged on a planar CCD10 through an output surface.
In order to avoid the influence of stronger radiation and larger temperature difference in the space environment, the material of the first positive lens 2 in the asymmetric concentric sphere lens 1 of the embodiment is selected as fused silica JGS 1. The glass materials of the first negative lens 3, the second negative lens 4, the second positive lens 5, the third negative lens 6 and the third positive lens 7 are respectively as follows: H-ZLAF52A, H-ZPK5, H-ZPK5, H-K5 and H-ZLAF 52A. The use of high index glass reduces the angle of incidence of the on-axis and off-axis beams, which is beneficial to improving the field of view. The optical system realizes 25 degrees of sub-fields of view and 75 degrees of 3 multiplied by 3 spliced full fields of view.
The optical characteristics of the six concentrically arranged lenses in the asymmetric concentric sphere lens 1 in this embodiment are as follows:
for the first positive lens 2:
0.6f’<f’1<0.8f’，1.4<n1<1.55，0.6f’1<R1<f’1，0.5f’1<R2<0.7f’1；
for the first negative lens 3:
-12f’<f’2<-10f’，1.7<n2<1.85，0.5f’1<R3<0.7f’1，0.2f’1<R4<0.4f’1；
for the second negative lens 4:
-1.2f’<f’3<-f’，1.55<n3<1.7，0.2f’1<R5<0.4f’，f’1<R6；
for the second positive lens 5:
2.7f’<f’4<2.9f’，1.55<n4<1.7，f’1<R7，-0.4f’1<R8<-0.2f’1；
for the third negative lens 6:
-2.4f’<f’5<-2.2f’，1.45<n5<1.6，-0.4f’1<R9<-0.2f’1，-0.6f’1<R10<-0.4f’1；
for the third positive lens 7:
1.4f’<f’6<1.7f’，1.7<n6<1.85，-0.6f’1<R11<-0.4f’1，-0.9f’1<R12<-0.7f’1；
f 'in the above parameters'1、f’2、f’3、f’4、f’5、f’6A focus of a first positive lens 2, a first negative lens 3, a second negative lens 4, a second positive lens 5, a third negative lens 6, a third positive lens 7Distance; n is1、n2、n3、n4、n5、n6The refractive indexes of a first positive lens 2, a first negative lens 3, a second negative lens 4, a second positive lens 5, a third negative lens 6 and a third positive lens 7 are sequentially arranged; r1、R2The curvature radii of the light incident surface and the light emergent surface of the first positive lens 2 are respectively; r3、R4The curvature radii of the light incident surface and the light emergent surface of the first negative lens 3 are respectively; r5、R6The curvature radii of the light incident surface and the light emergent surface of the second negative lens 4 are respectively; r7、R8The curvature radii of the light incident surface and the light emergent surface of the second positive lens 5 are respectively; r9、R10The curvature radii of the light incident surface and the light emergent surface of the third negative lens 6 are respectively; r11、R12The curvature radii of the light incident surface and the light emitting surface of the third positive lens 7 are respectively.
The focal length of the optical system provided by the invention is 50mm, and the diameter of the entrance pupil is 30 mm. Referring to fig. 2, the diffuse spots in the full view field have uniform size and approximate shape to a circle; referring to fig. 3, the energy is close to gaussian distribution, and the energy contained in the 3 × 3 pixel is greater than 90%; referring to FIG. 4, the chromatic aberration of magnification of each color light with respect to a central wavelength of 650nm is less than 1.02X 10-4Mu m; referring to fig. 5, the relative distortion of the system is less than 2.37% over the full field of view.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a big visual field energy detection optical system based on concentric sphere mirror which characterized in that: the optical fiber detector comprises an asymmetric concentric sphere lens (1), a bent optical fiber panel (9) and a detector which are sequentially arranged along the incident direction of light rays;
the asymmetric concentric sphere lens (1) consists of six lenses; the six lenses are concentrically arranged, and the focal lengths of the six lenses are different;
the input surface of the curved optical fiber panel (9) is a curved surface, the curvature of the input surface is the same as that of the image surface (8) of the asymmetric concentric sphere lens, and the input surface is arranged at the position of the image surface (8) of the asymmetric concentric sphere lens; the output surface of the bent optical fiber panel (9) is a plane;
the detector is a plane detector and is coupled with the output surface of the bent optical fiber panel (9);
incident light rays pass through the asymmetric concentric sphere lens (1) and then are imaged on an image surface (8) of the asymmetric concentric sphere lens, the light rays enter an input surface of the curved optical fiber panel (9), and finally the incident light rays pass through an output surface of the curved optical fiber panel (9) and are imaged on a plane detector.
2. The large field of view energy detection optical system based on a concentric sphere lens of claim 1, characterized in that: the asymmetric concentric sphere lens (1) sequentially comprises the following components in the incident direction of light rays: a first positive lens (2), a first negative lens (3), a second negative lens (4), a second positive lens (5), a third negative lens (6), a third positive lens (7); the lenses are combined together by gluing.
3. The large field of view energy detection concentric sphere based optical system of claim 2, wherein: the focal length f 'of the first positive lens (2), the first negative lens (3), the second negative lens (4), the second positive lens (5), the third negative lens (6) and the third positive lens (7)'1、f’2、f’3、f’4、f’5、f’6Respectively as follows:
the focal length of the first positive lens (2) is 0.6 f'<f’1<0.8f’；
The focal length of the first negative lens (3) is-12 f'<f’2<-10f’；
The focal length of the second negative lens (4) is-1.2 f'<f’3<-f’；
The focal length of the second positive lens (5) is 2.7 f'<f’4<2.9f’；
The focal length of the third negative lens (6) is-2.4 f'<f’5<-2.2f’；
The focal length of the third positive lens (7) is 1.4 f'<f’6<1.7f’。
4. The large field of view energy detection optical system based on a concentric sphere lens of claim 3, characterized in that: the first positive lens (2), the first negative lens (3), the second negative lens (4) and the second positive lens (5),a third negative lens (6), a third positive lens (7) having a refractive index n1、n2、n3、n4、n5、n6Respectively as follows:
the refractive index of the first positive lens (2) is 1.4<n1<1.55；
The refractive index of the first negative lens (3) is 1.7<n2<1.85；
The refractive index of the second negative lens (4) is 1.55<n3<1.7；
The refractive index of the second positive lens (5) is 1.55<n4<1.7；
The refractive index of the third negative lens (6) is 1.45<n5<1.6；
The refractive index of the third positive lens (7) is 1.7<n6<1.85。
5. The large field of view energy detection optical system based on concentric sphere lenses of claim 4, wherein: the curvature radius R of the light incident surface of the first positive lens (2)1And the radius of curvature R of the light-emitting surface2Satisfies the following conditions:
0.6f’1<R1<f’1；0.5f’1<R2<0.7f’1；
the curvature radius R of the light incident surface of the first negative lens (3)3And the radius of curvature R of the light-emitting surface4Satisfies the following conditions:
0.5f’1<R3<0.7f’1；0.2f’1<R4<0.4f’1；
the curvature radius R of the light incident surface of the second negative lens (4)5And the radius of curvature R of the light-emitting surface6Satisfies the following conditions:
0.2f’1<R5<0.4f’1；f’1<R6；
the curvature radius R of the light incident surface of the second positive lens (5)7And the radius of curvature R of the light-emitting surface8Satisfies the following conditions:
f’1<R7；-0.4f’1<R8<-0.2f’1；
the curvature radius R of the light incident surface of the third negative lens (6)9And the radius of curvature R of the light-emitting surface10Satisfies the following conditions:
-0.4f’1<R9<-0.2f’1；-0.6f’1<R10<-0.4f’1；
the curvature radius R of the light incident surface of the third positive lens (7)11And the radius of curvature R of the light-emitting surface12Satisfies the following conditions:
-0.6f’1<R11<-0.4f’1；-0.9f’1<R12<-0.7f’1。
6. the large field of view energy detection optical system based on concentric sphere lenses of claim 5, wherein: the material of the first positive lens (2) is fused silica JGS 1.
7. The large field of view energy detection optical system based on concentric sphere lenses of claim 6, wherein: the plane detector is a plane CCD (10).
8. The large field of view energy detection optical system based on a concentric sphere lens of claim 7, wherein: the glass materials of the first negative lens (3), the second negative lens (4), the second positive lens (5), the third negative lens (6) and the third positive lens (7) are respectively as follows: H-ZLAF52A, H-ZPK5, H-ZPK5, H-K5 and H-ZLAF 52A.
9. The large field of view energy detection optical system based on a concentric sphere lens of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the focal length is 50mm and the entrance pupil diameter is 30 mm.
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| PCT/CN2022/099529 WO2023000886A1 (en) | 2021-07-20 | 2022-06-17 | Large field of view energy detection optical system based on concentric spherical lens |
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| WO2023000886A1 (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2023-01-26 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Large field of view energy detection optical system based on concentric spherical lens |
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| US7010202B1 (en) * | 2003-09-16 | 2006-03-07 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Variable field of view optical system |
| CN201194044Y (en) * | 2007-11-22 | 2009-02-11 | 王鹤 | Large visual field concentric spherical surface camera apparatus |
| CN103064171B (en) * | 2012-09-29 | 2014-11-19 | 北京空间机电研究所 | Novel high resolution large visual field optical imaging system |
| JP6376857B2 (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2018-08-22 | キヤノン株式会社 | Imaging device |
| CN104155758B (en) * | 2014-08-21 | 2017-04-26 | 中国科学院光电研究院 | Large-view-field curved surface focal plane imaging method and system based on image transmitting optical fiber bundle |
| CN104238116A (en) * | 2014-09-15 | 2014-12-24 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Large-visual-field high-resolution photoelectronic imaging system |
| CN105807405B (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2018-04-10 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Suitable for the nearly multispectral optical system of hemisphere visual field constant resolution of Larger Dynamic scope |
| CN105892048A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-08-24 | 西安电子科技大学 | Large-view-field imaging device based on prism-fiber coupling |
| CN113532426A (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2021-10-22 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Large-view-field energy detection optical system based on concentric sphere lens |
| CN215810884U (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2022-02-11 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Large-view-field energy detection optical system based on concentric sphere lens |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2023000886A1 (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2023-01-26 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Large field of view energy detection optical system based on concentric spherical lens |
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| WO2023000886A1 (en) | 2023-01-26 |
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