CN113528899B - High-heat-conductivity and high-strength aluminum alloy sheet and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

High-heat-conductivity and high-strength aluminum alloy sheet and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN113528899B
CN113528899B CN202110816104.XA CN202110816104A CN113528899B CN 113528899 B CN113528899 B CN 113528899B CN 202110816104 A CN202110816104 A CN 202110816104A CN 113528899 B CN113528899 B CN 113528899B
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alloy sheet
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CN113528899A (en
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黄瑞银
阙石生
张希园
李学云
郑宏智
冉继龙
邱龙涛
钟森源
张昕
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Zhonglv Southeast Material Institute Fujian Technology Co ltd
Chinalco Ruimin Co Ltd
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    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21CMANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
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    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
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    • C22C1/02Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/026Alloys based on aluminium
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    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/047Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22FCHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/05Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys of the Al-Si-Mg type, i.e. containing silicon and magnesium in approximately equal proportions

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of preparation of aluminum alloy strips, and particularly relates to a high-heat-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy sheet and a preparation method thereof. The chemical components of the material are calculated by mass fraction: 0.40-0.80% of Si, 0.80-1.2% of Mg0.80, 1.0-1.7% of Mg/Si, 0.08-0.15% of Fe0, less than or equal to 0.02% of Cu, 0.01-0.05% of Mn0.03-0.05% of Ti0.03-0.05% of Ti, and the balance of aluminum and inevitable impurities. The high-heat-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy sheet is prepared from raw materials of an aluminum ingot, an aluminum intermediate alloy ingot and electrolytic aluminum water through smelting, casting, hot rolling, cold rolling, solution quenching, aging, cold rolling, finished product annealing, cleaning and straightening, and finished product striping. The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy sheet with the thickness of 0.1-0.5 mm is more than or equal to 330MPa, the yield is more than or equal to 300MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 3%, and the thermal conductivity is more than 210W/(m.K).

Description

High-heat-conductivity and high-strength aluminum alloy sheet and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of preparation of aluminum alloy strips, and particularly relates to a high-heat-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy sheet and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the development of industrial production and scientific technology, the 5G technology which is particularly used as a new engine of digital economy lays a good foundation for new technology and new industries such as artificial intelligence, Internet of things, cloud computing, block chains, video social contact and the like, and also provides key support for the industrial revolution of China. Electronic components will be developed towards ultra-thin and light weight, and especially in the high-frequency working environment, a large amount of heat will be increased rapidly, and effective heat dissipation capability becomes a key factor influencing the service life of the electronic components. According to incomplete statistics, about 55% of the causes of electronic product failure are due to overheating and heat related problems. Therefore, in order to ensure the reliability of operation, materials with high heat conductivity and high stability are needed to be used for quickly, timely and effectively transferring the heat accumulated by the heating element to the heat dissipation equipment so as to ensure the normal operation of the electronic equipment.
The aluminum alloy is gradually applied to the field of heat conduction by virtue of the advantages of light weight, good formability, good heat conduction and radiation performance, cost performance and the like. Pure aluminum has a thermal conductivity second to silver, copper and gold, about 5 times that of steel at room temperature, but has a severely insufficient strength. At present, typical high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloys mainly comprise Al-Si cast aluminum alloys such as DX17, DX19 and A413, the thermal conductivity of DX17 and DX19 is as high as 155-184W/(m.K), but the yield strength is less than 120MPa, the yield strength of A413 is 145MPa, but the thermal conductivity is only 121W/(m.K).
TABLE 1 Heat-conducting Property of some typical aluminum alloys
Figure 792507DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
The thin material is difficult to thread in the continuous annealing line production, and is easy to wrinkle and even break under the high-temperature and rapid-heating quenching condition, so the minimum thickness of the continuous annealing furnace production is generally 0.5mm, and the solution quenching treatment of the thin plate with the thickness less than 0.5mm cannot be carried out; and by adopting a box-type solid solution and water quenching mode, the temperature is slowly increased, the transfer time is long, the cooling is slow, and a good structure is not easy to obtain, so that the performance of the product is influenced. At present, there are few patent reports of aging strengthening type 6 series thin materials production process. The invention breaks through the limitation of equipment capability, obtains work hardening through cold rolling after solution and aging, and combines dislocation recovery and second phase precipitation in the annealing process of finished products to obtain good structure property proportion.
The patent application No. 201810327236.4 discloses a high-strength high-thermal-conductivity 6-series aluminum alloy strip and a preparation method thereof, wherein the material with the tensile strength of 300-.
Patent application No. 201911372828.9 discloses a high-conductivity 6-series aluminum alloy material and a production process thereof. By adding 0.015-0.02% of element B and keeping the temperature at 500 ℃ at the low temperature of 450-.
The patent application with the patent application number of 201811260377.5 respectively discloses a T6 state aluminum alloy conductive pipe and a preparation method thereof, wherein the hardness HB of the prepared section bar is more than or equal to 75, the conductivity is more than or equal to 55% IACS by adopting low temperature of 455-465 ℃ and long-term heat preservation for 16-18 hours, and the problem of insufficient strength is also faced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-heat-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy sheet and a preparation method thereof aiming at the defects of the prior art, so that excellent performance is obtained.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the following technical scheme is adopted:
the high-heat-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy sheet comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.40-0.80% of Si, 0.80-1.2% of Mg, 1.0-1.7% of Mg/Si, 0.08-0.15% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.02% of Cu, 0.01-0.05% of Mn, 0.03-0.05% of Ti, and the balance of aluminum and inevitable impurities.
A preparation method of a high-thermal-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy sheet comprises the following steps: the high-heat-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy sheet is prepared from aluminum ingots, aluminum intermediate alloy ingots and electrolytic aluminum water as raw materials through smelting, casting, hot rolling, cold rolling, solution quenching, aging, cold rolling, finished product annealing, cleaning and straightening, and finished product striping.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the alloy component proportion, the aluminum ingot, the aluminum intermediate alloy ingot and the electrolytic aluminum water are subjected to semi-continuous casting after melting, refining, deslagging and degassing to form an aluminum alloy flat ingot;
(2) carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the aluminum alloy flat ingot after surface milling, taking out of a furnace, and carrying out hot rolling to obtain a hot rolled coil with the thickness of 4-8 mm, wherein the final rolling temperature is 300-360 ℃;
(3) cold rolling the hot rolled coil obtained in the step (2) to the thickness of 0.5-1.0 mm;
(4) carrying out solution quenching and aging treatment on the cold-rolled coil obtained in the step (3) in a continuous air cushion furnace;
(5) continuously cold-rolling the aged coil obtained in the step (4) to the thickness of 0.1-0.5 mm;
(6) annealing the cold-rolled coil obtained in the step (5) to obtain a finished product;
(7) and (4) cleaning and straightening the coiled material obtained in the step (6), and slitting the finished product into required specifications to finally obtain the high-heat-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy sheet.
In the step (4), the temperature of the solution treatment is 500-530 ℃, and the heat is preserved for 10-60 s; quenching treatment adopts water quenching or air cooling, and the speed is more than or equal to 10 ℃/s; the aging treatment temperature is 130-200 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5-24 h.
And (4) annealing the finished product in the step (6) at 80-180 ℃, and preserving heat for 1-24 hours.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention combines cold deformation and heat treatment recovery aging, overcomes the difficulties that the sheet cannot be subjected to solution quenching treatment in a continuous air cushion furnace and the performance of a box-type solution quenching structure is unstable, and the like, on one hand, sufficient dislocation density and work hardening are obtained through cold rolling after solution aging, on the other hand, finished product annealing is carried out after cold deformation, dislocation recovery and second phase precipitation are combined, and the prepared aluminum alloy sheet with the thickness of 0.1-0.5 mm has the tensile strength of more than or equal to 330MPa, the yield of more than or equal to 300MPa, the elongation of more than or equal to 3 percent and the thermal conductivity of more than 210W/(m.K).
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the application of the aluminum alloy sheet product prepared by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
The thermal conductivity and the electrical conductivity of the metal material follow the Vieman-Franz law (Wiedeman-Franz), and the higher the electrical conductivity of the metal, the higher the thermal conductivity.
The heat conductivity of the aluminum alloy is influenced by more factors, such as the types and contents of alloy elements, the degree of lattice distortion in the structure, defects, impurities, a second phase, the morphology, the size and the distribution of the second phase, and the like.
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a high-heat-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy sheet, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.40-0.80% of Si, 0.80-1.2% of Mg0.80, 1.0-1.7% of Mg/Si, 0.08-0.15% of Fe0, less than or equal to 0.02% of Cu, 0.01-0.05% of Mn0.03-0.05% of Ti, and the balance of aluminum and inevitable impurities.
Mg in aluminum alloy2Si phase as the main strengthening phase, Mg2Si in mass fraction Mg: si =1.71, Mg: si =1.0-1.7 is excessive Si type, so that a good aging effect is easily obtained, but excessive Si easily causes the material to become hard and brittle, and the strength of the bonding material is required, and Si0.40-0.80%, Mg0.80-1.2%, and Mg/Si =1.0-1.7 are preferable.
Proper Fe can refine grains, and excessive Fe forms coarse refractory AlFeMn or AlFe phases, which affect the plasticity of the product. Therefore, Fe0.08-0.15% is controlled.
Too much Cu reduces the plasticity and corrosion resistance of the alloy, and the Cu content is preferably controlled to be less than 0.04%.
Mn mainly plays a role in solid solution strengthening and grain refinement, and the Mn component is too small, so that the effect is poor; when the Mn content is too high, coarse phases are easily formed, and the moldability is lowered. Therefore, the Mn content is controlled to be 0.01-0.05%.
Ti is used as an important grain refiner in the casting process to improve the original grain structure, but excessive Ti is easy to cause TiB2The inclusions are aggregated to influence the plasticity and the surface quality of the finished product, so that the content of Ti is controlled to be 0.03-0.05%.
The preparation method of the high-heat-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy sheet is prepared by hot rolling, cold rolling, solution quenching, aging, cold rolling and finished product annealing.
The solution treatment is a process of re-dissolving a precipitated phase and a process of re-crystallizing rolled flat and long grains. On a continuous air cushion furnace, the solid solution temperature is 500-530 ℃, the heat preservation is 10-60 s, and the water quenching or air cooling speed is more than or equal to 10 ℃/s, so that the full solid solution is ensured, and the abnormal growth of crystal grains is also avoided.
The transformation of the alpha supersaturated solid solution to beta is promoted by artificial aging at 130-200 ℃ for 5-24 h, and higher strength and good thermal conductivity are obtained by a precipitation strengthening mode.
And after aging, continuously cold rolling to the thickness of 0.5-1.0 mm, and obtaining more dislocation density and higher strength in a work hardening mode.
Annealing the finished product at the temperature of 80-180 ℃ for 1-24 h promotes dislocation density reduction, lattice distortion reduction, internal stress reduction and plasticity increase, and promotes precipitation of a second phase, so that heat conductivity is improved.
And then cleaning, straightening and slitting the finished product to obtain the finished product with a good plate type.
The following describes a specific embodiment.
Example 1
A high-heat-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy sheet: the aluminum alloy plate strip comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.52% of Si, 0.85% of Mg0.85%, Mg/Si =1.63, 0.12% of Fe0, 0.015% of Cu0.02%, 0.035% of Ti0, and the balance of aluminum and inevitable impurities.
The preparation method of the high-heat-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy sheet comprises the following steps: the high-heat-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy sheet is prepared by smelting, casting, hot rolling, cold rolling, solution quenching, aging, cold rolling, finished product annealing, cleaning and straightening, and finished product slitting. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the alloy component proportion, the aluminum ingot, the aluminum intermediate alloy ingot and the electrolytic aluminum water are subjected to semi-continuous casting after melting, refining, deslagging and degassing to form an aluminum alloy flat ingot;
(2) carrying out 560 ℃/8 hour homogenization heat treatment on the aluminum alloy flat ingot after surface milling, taking out of a furnace, and carrying out hot rolling to obtain a hot rolled coil with the thickness of 8mm, wherein the final rolling temperature is 320 ℃;
(3) cold rolling the hot rolled coil obtained in the step (2) to the thickness of 1.0 mm;
(4) carrying out solution quenching and aging treatment on the cold-rolled coil obtained in the step (3) in a continuous air cushion furnace;
(5) continuously cold-rolling the aged coil obtained in the step (4) to the thickness of 0.4 mm;
(6) annealing the cold-rolled coil obtained in the step (5) to obtain a finished product;
(7) and (4) cleaning and straightening the coiled material obtained in the step (6), and slitting the finished product into required specifications to finally obtain the high-heat-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy sheet.
The solid solution temperature in the step (4) is 530 ℃, the temperature is kept for 30s, the water quenching speed is 20 ℃/s, the aging temperature is 180 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 8 h;
and (4) annealing the finished product in the step (6) at 140 ℃, and preserving heat for 6 hours.
The aluminum alloy sheet prepared by the invention has the advantages of tensile strength of 335MPa, yield of 310MPa, elongation of 3.2 percent and thermal conductivity of 212W/(m.K).
Example 2
A high-heat-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy sheet: the aluminum alloy plate strip comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.72% of Si, 0.90% of Mg0.90%, = 1.25% of Mg/Si, 0.08% of Fe0, 0.008% of Cu0.04% of Mn0.04%, 0.035% of Ti, and the balance of aluminum and inevitable impurities.
A preparation method of a high-thermal-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy sheet comprises the following steps: the high-heat-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy sheet is prepared from raw materials of an aluminum ingot, an aluminum intermediate alloy ingot and electrolytic aluminum water through smelting, casting, hot rolling, cold rolling, solution quenching, aging, cold rolling, finished product annealing, cleaning and straightening, and finished product striping. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the alloy component proportion, the aluminum ingot, the aluminum intermediate alloy ingot and the electrolytic aluminum water are subjected to semi-continuous casting after melting, refining, deslagging and degassing to form an aluminum alloy flat ingot;
(2) milling the aluminum alloy slab ingot, carrying out homogenization heat treatment at 580 ℃/4 hours, taking out of the furnace, and carrying out hot rolling to obtain a hot rolled coil with the thickness of 4mm, wherein the final rolling temperature is 360 ℃;
(3) cold rolling the hot rolled coil obtained in the step (2) to the thickness of 0.5 mm;
(4) carrying out solution quenching and aging treatment on the cold-rolled coil obtained in the step (3) in a continuous air cushion furnace;
(5) continuously cold-rolling the aged coil obtained in the step (4) to the thickness of 0.1 mm;
(6) annealing the cold-rolled coil obtained in the step (5) to obtain a finished product;
(7) and (4) cleaning and straightening the coiled material obtained in the step (6), and slitting the finished product into strips with the required specification to finally obtain the high-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy sheet.
The solid solution temperature in the step (4) is 505 ℃, the temperature is kept for 10s, the air cooling speed is 22 ℃/s, the aging temperature is 150 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 20 h;
and (4) annealing the finished product in the step (6) at 100 ℃, and preserving heat for 16 h.
The aluminum alloy sheet prepared by the invention has the tensile strength of 338MPa, the yield of 313MPa, the elongation of 3.1 percent and the thermal conductivity of 215W/(m.K).
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A preparation method of a high-heat-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy sheet is characterized by comprising the following steps: the aluminum alloy plate strip comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.52% of Si, 0.85% of Mg, = 1.63% of Mg/Si, 0.12% of Fe, 0.015% of Cu, 0.02% of Mn, 0.035% of Ti, and the balance of aluminum and inevitable impurities;
the preparation method of the high-heat-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy sheet comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the alloy component proportion, the aluminum ingot, the aluminum intermediate alloy ingot and the electrolytic aluminum water are subjected to semi-continuous casting after melting, refining, deslagging and degassing to form an aluminum alloy flat ingot;
(2) carrying out 560 ℃/8 hour homogenization heat treatment on the aluminum alloy flat ingot after surface milling, taking out of a furnace, and carrying out hot rolling to obtain a hot rolled coil with the thickness of 8mm, wherein the final rolling temperature is 320 ℃;
(3) cold rolling the hot rolled coil obtained in the step (2) to the thickness of 1.0 mm;
(4) carrying out solution quenching and aging treatment on the cold-rolled coil obtained in the step (3) in a continuous air cushion furnace;
(5) continuously cold-rolling the aged coil obtained in the step (4) to the thickness of 0.4 mm;
(6) annealing the cold-rolled coil obtained in the step (5) to obtain a finished product;
(7) cleaning and straightening the coiled material obtained in the step (6), and slitting a finished product into required specifications to finally obtain the high-heat-conductivity high-strength aluminum alloy sheet;
the solid solution temperature in the step (4) is 530 ℃, the temperature is kept for 30s, the water quenching speed is 20 ℃/s, the aging temperature is 180 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 8 h;
and (4) annealing the finished product in the step (6) at 140 ℃, and preserving heat for 6 hours.
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