CN113528010A - Preparation and application of super-smooth coating with long-acting ice-thinning characteristic - Google Patents
Preparation and application of super-smooth coating with long-acting ice-thinning characteristic Download PDFInfo
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- CN113528010A CN113528010A CN202110993078.8A CN202110993078A CN113528010A CN 113528010 A CN113528010 A CN 113528010A CN 202110993078 A CN202110993078 A CN 202110993078A CN 113528010 A CN113528010 A CN 113528010A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultra-smooth coating with long-acting ice-thinning characteristic and application thereof. The coating has a double-layer structure, wherein the upper layer is a cross-linked polymer containing lyophobic molecules and having a smooth surface; the lower layer is a porous structure for storing the ice thinning agent. The preparation of the coating comprises the following steps: firstly, the cross-linkable precursor and the pore-forming agent are mixed according to the mass ratio of 10: (3-10) mixing and stirring, and coating the mixture on the surface for pre-curing for 20-40 minutes; before the composite coating is completely cured, pouring a layer of cross-linkable polymer precursor on the surface of the composite coating, and then completely curing the composite coating and completely volatilizing the pore-forming agent to obtain a double-layer structure; and finally, allowing the coating layer to contact and absorb molecules of the ice thinning agent to obtain the double-layer super-smooth coating. The smooth ice-thinning non-porous layer provides a smooth surface and effectively controls the release of the ice-thinning agent; the porous storage layer of the ice thinning agent stores a large amount of ice thinning agent, and the ice thinning agent is automatically released after the ice thinning agent on the surface of the coating is worn, so that the ice thinning performance on the surface is maintained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coating preparation, in particular to a super-smooth coating with long-acting ice-thinning characteristic and application thereof.
Background
The ice coating phenomena such as precipitation ice coating, sublimation ice coating and the like all bring serious threats to various fields such as living trips, transportation, electric power facilities and the like of people, and huge economic losses can be caused. The icing of the wings of the airplane causes the aerodynamic appearance to change, thus affecting the flight, increasing the oil consumption and even affecting the safe flight. In an electric power system, the loss is increased, a power transmission line is broken, a tower collapses, and the breakdown of the whole power transmission line is caused. In addition, in the transportation industry, such as the icing of railway transportation lines, highway bridge materials and the like, great threat is caused to the life and property safety of people. Therefore, the exploration of the effective ice-thinning technology has great social significance and economic value.
The existing ice-thinning technology is divided into active deicing and passive deicing, and the active deicing comprises mechanical deicing, thermal deicing and solution deicing. The mechanical deicing technology is generally applied to roads, the cleaning rate is not high, and the road surface is easily damaged; the thermal deicing cost is high, and the energy consumption is high; the deicing agent utilized by the solution for deicing can cause corrosion of automobile and road bridge materials and change of an ecological system. Compared with active deicing, the passive deicing technology developed in recent years is widely concerned due to the advantages of small energy consumption, low cost, simple and convenient application mode, environmental protection and the like. Coating ice coating prevention is a typical passive deicing technology.
The current coating ice-coating prevention technology mainly comprises two types: one is a super-hydrophobic coating on the surface of the bionic lotus leaf, and the other is a smooth and ice-thinning coating on the surface of the bionic pitcher plant (nat. Rev. Mater.,2016,1, 15003). The super-hydrophobic coating utilizes a surface micro-nano structure to enable liquid drops to be in a rolling Cassie state with gas-liquid-solid three-phase contact, reduces the contact area of the liquid drops and a substrate, and realizes the ice-thinning performance. However, the super-hydrophobic coating is easily polluted by dust particles and damaged by external force, and the performance of the super-hydrophobic coating is easily influenced in a complex and changeable environment with low temperature and high humidity, so that the stability is poor. The smooth ice-phobic coating on the surface is formed into a liquid-liquid contact smooth surface because an air layer in a Cassie state structure on the surface is replaced by a low-surface-energy substance, liquid drops are easy to slide away, and the coating has self-repairing capacity due to the fluidity of the ice-phobic agent, so that the coating has extremely low ice adhesion strength and high pressure stability while realizing excellent stain resistance and anti-adhesion.
At present, many anti-icing coatings have been prepared, but there are still several problems, firstly, the reported coatings do not solve the loss of the ice-phobic agent well, and the ultra-smooth coating has a greatly shortened service life due to the volatilization of the ice-phobic agent and the loss of the ice-phobic agent in the deicing process. Secondly, the problem of oil storage capacity, which directly affects the service life of the coating. Although some reports exist, the oil storage capacity is too weak, and the service life is seriously influenced. Furthermore, the ice-thinning capability is a big problem, and the ice layer adhesion of some ice-covering prevention coatings reported at present can only reach 5kPa, and the lower ice layer adhesion is more beneficial to the practical application.
Therefore, the ultra-smooth long-acting ice-thinning coating which is simple, low in cost, strong in oil storage capacity, long in service life and good in ice-covering prevention effect has quite important practical significance and application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the ultra-smooth coating with the long-acting ice thinning performance and the preparation method thereof, and the invented coating has an integrated composite layer structure (as shown in figure 1). The smooth anti-icing non-porous layer provides a smooth surface, effectively controls the release of an anti-icing agent and endows the coating with long-acting anti-icing performance; in addition, the porous substrate can shrink when the temperature is reduced to promote the release of the deicing agent, and absorb the deicing agent when the temperature is increased to prevent the loss of the deicing agent, and the two mechanisms greatly prolong the service life of the coating.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
in one aspect, the present invention provides a method of producing a super-lubricious coating having long-lasting icephobic properties, comprising:
a super-smooth coating with long-acting ice-thinning characteristic has a double-layer structure, wherein the upper layer is a cross-linked polymer which contains molecules of an ice-thinning agent and has a smooth surface; the lower layer is a porous structure, and the pores are stored with the molecules of the ice-thinning agent. The upper layer provides a smooth ice-phobic surface and controls the release speed of the molecules of the ice-phobic agent; the loss of the ice thinning agent molecules on the surface of the coating in the use process is continuously supplemented by a large amount of ice thinning agent molecules stored in the lower porous structure, so that the coating can keep the ice covering prevention capacity and low ice adhesion for a long time.
Furthermore, the double-layer structure is a unified whole, and the thickness range of the double-layer structure is 50-5000 microns. The thickness of the upper layer accounts for 5-25% of the total thickness of the coating, and the thickness of the lower layer accounts for 75-95% of the total thickness of the coating.
Further, the icephobic agent molecule is a liquid icephobic agent or a waxy icephobic agent; the used lyophobic agent is soluble or slightly soluble in the upper polymer material, and the molecular of the used lyophobic agent is compatible or not compatible with the lower polymer material; preferably one or more of liquid small molecules, liquid polymers, various organic waxes. The anti-icing agent is mainly stored in the big and small holes in the anti-icing agent porous storage layer, the smooth anti-icing non-porous layer controls the secretion rate of the anti-icing agent, and the anti-icing agent is diffused to the surface of the coating to form a stable anti-icing protective film; when the surface ice-phobic protective film is worn away along with external force, the coating can spontaneously secrete the ice-phobic agent outwards to form a stable ice-phobic protective film again.
Further, the upper layer and the lower layer are elastic polymers or composite materials with the polymers as substrates, and the polymers are one or more of polyurethane, methyl silicone rubber, methyl vinyl phenyl silicone rubber, double-component room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber, silicone materials, high-temperature silicone resin, silicone polyester modified resin, polymethyl silicone resin, silicone-epoxy resin, silicone polyester resin and vinyl silicone resin.
Further, molecules of the ice thinning agent are fixed on the surface, when the ice thinning agent is liquid molecules, a molecular level flat surface is formed, and the effects of delaying ice nucleation and reducing ice adhesion strength after ice formation are achieved; the molecules of the layer of the ice thinning agent can spontaneously form a surface polymer brush through intermolecular interaction with the cross-linked polymer on the upper layer, and the structure of the polymer brush can reduce the problems of low service life and the like caused by excessive secretion of the internal ice thinning agent while ensuring low ice adhesion strength; the microstructure can be processed on the surface of the upper polymer to fix, and the aim of reducing the ice adhesion strength is fulfilled by the dual functions of the microstructure and the surface ice thinning protection.
Furthermore, the cross-linked polymer is a three-dimensional network structure, molecules of the ice-thinning agent are fixed in the cross-linked polymer network structure, the hardness, toughness and the like of the surface can be adjusted by controlling the cross-linking degree of the polymer, and the cross-linked polymer is selected from one or more of fluorine-containing siloxane polymer, epoxy resin-silica gel polymer and polyurethane; the polymer brush is spontaneously formed on the surface of the coating through the mixing of the ice thinning agent and the molecular acting force between the polymers to obtain the liquid polymer brush with the super-smooth function, the liquid polymer brush has excellent surface ice thinning protection performance, good controllability and stimulation responsiveness, can reduce the dynamic friction coefficient of the surface and improve the stability of the molecules of the surface ice thinning agent, and the liquid polymer brush is selected from one or more of natural biological macromolecules, polyelectrolyte, amphiphilic silicon-based functional polymers, zwitterionic polymers and neutral polymers;
further, the polymer microstructure is a cassie-state surface capable of locking liquid molecules, the liquid molecules are fixed in grooves of the microstructure, the stability of the surface ice-thinning agent is improved, the processing method comprises one or more of plasma etching, phase separation, a template method, spin coating, electrospinning, a sol-gel method and a self-assembly method, and the surface roughness of the upper-layer polymer after processing is less than or equal to 20 microns.
Furthermore, the porous storage layer of the ice-phobic agent can be a common polymer porous structure or a reversible polymer porous structure, the porous structure is prepared by a pore-foaming method of a pore-foaming agent, and the porous structure can be closed independent pores or continuous through holes; the aperture and porosity of the porous storage layer of the ice thinning agent can be controlled by controlling the heating and curing time and the heating and curing temperature, the porosity is 50-90%, and the aperture range is within 100 mu m.
Furthermore, when the dynamic organic silicon polymer is used as the porous storage layer of the ice-phobic agent, the pore size and the porosity of the porous storage layer of the ice-phobic agent can be controlled by controlling the curing time and the curing temperature.
Furthermore, the upper layer and the lower layer can be made of the same or different materials, and the control and adjustment of the secretion rate of the ice thinning agent can be realized by changing the type and the thickness of the upper layer polymer material.
Furthermore, when the upper layer and the lower layer are made of the same material, the upper layer and the lower layer can be simultaneously prepared by controlling the preparation process. Namely, one surface needing to form an upper layer is opened and placed in the environment in the coating curing process, and a smooth ice-thinning non-porous layer with certain thickness can be obtained by further controlling gas flow, air humidity and the like. Smooth non-porous layer of dredging ice is the key of control coating agent secretion rate, and the agent of dredging ice is stored in bottom porous structure, because polymer material's elasticity and diffusion concentration, the coating is inside to surface release agent of dredging ice, and agent of dredging ice is held back at smooth non-porous layer of dredging ice, and this makes smooth non-porous layer of dredging ice can maintain agent of dredging ice supersaturated state always to constantly secrete agent of dredging ice to the coating upper surface, make the coating surface keep one deck protection film of dredging ice all the time. And preparing the porous coating by using a low-boiling-point solution phase separation pore-forming method, wherein the pore-forming agent is one or more of water, a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, a polyethylene oxide aqueous solution, ethanol, isopropanol, diethyl ether or n-hexane.
Furthermore, when the smooth icephobic non-porous layer and the icephobic agent porous storage layer are heterogeneous materials, after the pore-forming agent is cured and volatilized in a closed environment to obtain the icephobic agent porous storage layer, a required smooth icephobic non-porous layer needs to be cured on the surface of the icephobic agent porous storage layer. The porous storage layer of the ice-thinning agent is prepared by a pore-foaming agent foaming method.
Further, when the smooth icephobic non-porous layer and the icephobic agent porous storage layer are heterogeneous materials, the smooth icephobic non-porous layer is a performance-enhanced material and has the function of protecting the icephobic agent porous storage layer, and meanwhile, the smooth icephobic non-porous layer also plays a role of sealing the internal porous material. In the process of secreting the ice thinning agent contained in the inner part, because of the existence of the protective layer, namely the smooth ice thinning non-porous layer, after the ice thinning agent is lost, air is isolated and cannot enter the hole, the hole for storing the ice thinning agent is collapsed, and the material is transparent.
Further, when the surface of the porous storage layer of the ice thinning agent is not treated, namely a smooth ice thinning non-porous layer is not added, the porous layer is directly exposed in the air and is in an unclosed state, the porous storage layer of the ice thinning agent has a self-alarm mechanism, and when the pores are filled with the ice thinning agent, the coating is in a transparent state; when the ice-thinning agent in the holes is completely lost, the coating is in a pure white opaque state, and the function of reminding the need of supplementing the ice-thinning agent to keep the ice-thinning performance of the coating is achieved.
Further, a photo-thermal material can be added into the polymer coating to assist in deicing, and the temperature of the coating rises under illumination to assist in deicing, wherein the photo-thermal material comprises one or more of graphene, carbon black, candle ash and near-infrared fluorescent dye. Under the condition that the sun exists, the coating can be heated through the photo-thermal coating, the temperature rise of the coating is realized, and the icing and the melting and falling of ice are further avoided.
In another aspect, the present application also relates to the use of said ultra-slip coating with long term icephobic properties for anti-icing.
The super-smooth coating with the long-acting ice thinning characteristic is prepared by the preparation method of the super-smooth coating with the long-acting ice thinning characteristic.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the coating forms an adjustable porous structure by utilizing a polymer organogel network, so that a large amount of ice thinning agent which is not easy to volatilize is stored in pores, the storage capacity is obviously increased, the defect that the ordinary super-smooth coating loses ice thinning performance quickly due to the loss of the ice thinning agent is overcome, and when the ice thinning agent on the surface is lost along with the deicing process, the ice thinning agent in the coating can be spontaneously secreted on the surface of the coating again, so that the coating still keeps lower ice adhesion strength after a plurality of times of icing and deicing cycles, and the service life of the coating is greatly prolonged;
2) the ice-phobic surface prepared by the obtained coating and the ice-phobic agent can obviously reduce the ice adhesion force, so that the adhesion force of an ice layer can reach 2.3kPa at the lowest, and an excellent ice-resisting effect is achieved;
3) the prior ice thinning technology can realize excellent ice resisting effect when the ice adhesion strength is below 20 kpa. Compared with the common solid material, the liquid storage effect of the porous structure material is obviously enhanced, and the service life of the coating is obviously prolonged. For a common nonporous ultra-smooth coating, the ice adhesion strength exceeds 20Kpa after 7 icing and deicing cycles, while for the low-porosity ultra-smooth long-acting sparse ice coating, the ice adhesion strength can still be kept below 15Kpa after 15 icing and deicing cycles; for the high-porosity ultra-smooth long-acting ice thinning coating, the ice adhesion strength can still be kept below 20Kpa after 60 icing and deicing cycles.
The ultra-smooth long-acting ice-phobic coating prepared by the invention has the advantages of simple and feasible synthesis process, environmental protection, low preparation cost and easy popularization. The ultra-smooth long-acting icephobic coating has high and adjustable oil storage rate, the mechanical property of the surface of the coating is enhanced by introducing the coating without holes on the surface, the oil secretion speed is controllable, and the service life of the material is greatly prolonged. The method has wide application prospect in the aspects of icing control of transmission lines, towers, airplane wings, railway transportation lines, highway bridges and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the coating structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope topography of a low porosity ultra-slip long-acting icephobic coating of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscope topography of a high porosity ultra-slip long-acting icephobic coating of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of ice adhesion strength versus push time for a super-lubricious long-drain ice coating of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of a cyclic de-icing profile for a super-lubricious long-drain ice coating in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a pictorial view of a coating self-alert mechanism of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to further understand the present invention, not to limit the scope of the present invention, but to provide the best mode, not to limit the content and the protection scope of the present invention, and any product similar or similar to the present invention, which is obtained by combining the present invention with other prior art features, falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
mixing an organic silicon prepolymer, a curing agent and a pore-forming agent according to a weight ratio of 10:1:3, stirring at normal temperature for 10-20 min, pouring the obtained mixed solution on a substrate, pouring a layer of crosslinkable polymer precursor on the surface of the substrate after the mixed solution is pre-cured for 20-40 min, continuing curing for 12-24 h, and performing mechanical external force treatment such as scraping after the pore-forming agent volatilizes to obtain a polymer porous network structure coating, wherein the topography of a scanning electron microscope in a porous state of the coating is shown in fig. 2.
Under the condition of normal temperature, the organic silicon polymer porous network structure coating is contacted with an ice thinning agent to obtain the super-smooth coating with long-acting ice thinning characteristic. The coating swelling ratio was 0.39.
Example 2:
mixing an organic silicon prepolymer, a curing agent and a pore-forming agent according to a weight ratio of 10:1:4, stirring at normal temperature for 10-20 min, pouring the obtained mixed solution on a substrate, pouring a layer of crosslinkable polymer precursor on the surface of the substrate after pre-curing for 20-40 min, continuing curing for 12-24 h, and performing mechanical external force treatment such as scraping after the pore-forming agent volatilizes to obtain a polymer porous network structure coating;
under the condition of normal temperature, the organic silicon polymer porous network structure coating is contacted with an ice thinning agent to obtain the super-smooth coating with long-acting ice thinning characteristic.
Example 3:
mixing an organic silicon prepolymer, a curing agent and a pore-forming agent according to a weight ratio of 10:1:5, stirring at normal temperature for 10-20 min, pouring the obtained mixed solution on a substrate, pouring a layer of crosslinkable polymer precursor on the surface of the substrate after pre-curing for 20-40 min, continuing curing for 12-24 h, and performing mechanical external force treatment such as scraping after the pore-forming agent volatilizes to obtain a polymer porous network structure coating;
under the condition of normal temperature, the organic silicon polymer porous network structure coating is contacted with an ice thinning agent to obtain the super-smooth coating with long-acting ice thinning characteristic.
Example 4
Mixing an organic silicon prepolymer, a curing agent and a pore-forming agent according to a weight ratio of 10:1:6, stirring at normal temperature for 10-20 min, removing bubbles in a vacuum state, pouring the obtained mixed solution on a substrate, pouring a layer of crosslinkable polymer precursor on the surface of the substrate after pre-curing for 20-40 min, continuing curing for 12-24 h, and performing mechanical external force treatment such as scraping after the pore-forming agent volatilizes to obtain a polymer porous network structure coating;
under the condition of normal temperature, the organic silicon polymer porous network structure coating is contacted with an ice thinning agent to obtain the super-smooth coating with long-acting ice thinning characteristic.
Example 5
Mixing an organic silicon prepolymer, a curing agent and a pore-forming agent according to a weight ratio of 10:1:10, stirring at normal temperature for 10-20 min, pouring the obtained mixed solution on a substrate, pouring a layer of crosslinkable polymer precursor on the surface of the substrate after pre-curing for 20-40 min, continuing curing for 12-24 h, and performing mechanical external force treatment such as scraping after the pore-forming agent is generated to obtain a polymer porous network structure coating, wherein the appearance of the polymer porous network structure coating is shown in FIG. 2; the topography of the porous state of the material in a scanning electron microscope is shown in FIG. 4.
Under the condition of normal temperature, the organic silicon polymer porous network structure coating is contacted with an ice thinning agent to obtain the super-smooth coating with long-acting ice thinning characteristic. The coating swelling ratio was 0.56.
Example 6
Mixing an organic silicon prepolymer, a curing agent and a pore-forming agent according to a weight ratio of 10:1:20, stirring at normal temperature for 10-20 min, pouring the obtained mixed solution on a substrate, pouring a layer of crosslinkable polymer precursor on the surface of the substrate after the mixed solution is pre-cured for 20-40 min, continuing curing for 12-24 h, and performing mechanical external force treatment such as scraping after the pore-forming agent volatilizes to obtain a polymer porous network structure coating;
under the condition of normal temperature, the organic silicon polymer porous network structure coating is contacted with an ice thinning agent to obtain the super-smooth coating with long-acting ice thinning characteristic.
Example 7
Mixing the organic silicon prepolymer and the curing agent according to the weight ratio of 10:1, stirring at normal temperature for 5-10 min, pouring the obtained mixed solution on a substrate, and curing for 4-6 h to obtain a common non-porous coating;
and (3) contacting the common nonporous coating with an ice thinning agent at normal temperature to obtain the common nonporous super-smooth ice thinning coating.
Example 8
Low porosity ice push embodiments
The low-porosity ultra-smooth long-acting icephobic coating prepared in the example 1 is placed on a refrigeration table at the temperature of minus 30 ℃, the ambient temperature is 5-10 ℃, the ambient humidity is 20-40%, and the contact base area of the surface of the coating is 1.44cm2And after the water column with the height of 1cm is frozen for 1 to 2 hours and becomes the icicle, using a dynamometer to horizontally push the icicle at a constant speed, and measuring the adhesive strength of the ice layer on the surface of the icicle to be 2.3kPa, as shown in figure 4.
Example 9
High porosity ice push embodiments
The high-porosity ultra-smooth long-acting icephobic coating prepared in the example 5 is placed on a refrigeration table at the temperature of minus 30 ℃, the ambient temperature is 5-10 ℃, the ambient humidity is 20-40%, and the contact basal area of the surface of the coating is 1.44cm2And after the water column with the height of 1cm is frozen for 1 to 2 hours and becomes the icicle, using a dynamometer to horizontally push the icicle at a constant speed, and measuring the adhesion of the ice layer on the surface of the icicle to be 2.4kPa, as shown in figure 4.
Example 10
Ice pushing embodiments of conventional non-porous ultra-slip icephobic coatings
The ordinary non-porous super-smooth ice-thinning coating prepared in the example 7 is placed on a refrigeration table at the temperature of minus 30 ℃, the ambient temperature is 5-10 ℃, the ambient humidity is 20-40%, and the contact basal area of the surface of the coating is 1.44cm2And after the water column with the height of 1cm is frozen for 1 to 2 hours and becomes the icicle, using a dynamometer to horizontally push the icicle at a constant speed, and measuring the adhesive force of the ice layer on the surface of the icicle to be 2.2 kPa.
Example 11
Low porosity cyclic push ice embodiments
Taking the low-porosity ultra-smooth long-acting ice-thinning coating tested in the ice adhesion strength of example 8, standing the coating for 24 hours in an environment with the temperature of-10 ℃ to-20 ℃ and the humidity of 20% -40%, wiping off the redundant ice-thinning agent on the surface, recording the oil yield, standing the coating for 1 hour at room temperature, and then testing the ice adhesion strength of the coating again, so that an icing/deicing cycle experiment is performed once a day, after 15 cycles of deicing, the ice-thinning agent is still spontaneously secreted on the surface, and the ice adhesion strength is still kept below 15Kpa, as shown in FIG. 5.
Example 12
High porosity cyclic push ice embodiment
Taking the low-porosity ultra-smooth long-acting ice-thinning coating tested in the embodiment 9 and having the ice adhesion strength once, standing the coating for 24 hours in an environment with the temperature of-10 ℃ to-20 ℃ and the humidity of 20-40%, wiping off the redundant ice-thinning agent on the surface, recording the oil yield, standing the coating for 1 hour at room temperature, and then testing the ice adhesion strength of the coating again, so that an icing/deicing cycle experiment is performed every day, after 60 cycles of deicing, the ice-thinning agent is still spontaneously secreted on the surface at a constant speed, and the ice adhesion strength is still kept below 20Kpa, as shown in FIG. 5.
Example 13
Cyclic ice pushing embodiments for conventional non-porous ultra-slip icephobic coatings
Taking the ordinary non-porous super-smooth ice-thinning coating tested in the embodiment 10 for once ice adhesion strength, standing for 24 hours in an environment with the temperature of-10 ℃ to-20 ℃ and the humidity of 20-40%, wiping off redundant ice-thinning agent on the surface, recording the oil yield, standing for 1 hour at room temperature, and then testing the ice adhesion strength again, so that an icing/deicing cycle experiment is carried out every day, and after 7 times of cyclic deicing, the ice adhesion strength exceeds 20 kpa. As shown in fig. 5.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. The super-smooth coating with long-acting ice-thinning characteristic is characterized by having a double-layer structure, wherein the upper layer is a cross-linked polymer containing ice-thinning agent molecules and having a smooth surface; the lower layer is of a porous structure, and the pores are stored with the molecules of the ice-thinning agent; the upper layer provides a smooth ice-phobic surface and controls the release speed of the molecules of the ice-phobic agent; the lower porous structure stores a large amount of molecules of the ice thinning agent, and the loss of the molecules of the ice thinning agent on the surface of the coating in the using process is supplemented, so that the coating can keep the anti-icing capacity and the low ice adhesion force for a long time.
2. The ultra-smooth coating with long-term icephobic properties according to claim 1, wherein the double-layer structure is a uniform whole with a thickness ranging from 50 μm to 5000 μm; the thickness of the upper layer accounts for 5-25% of the total thickness of the coating, and the thickness of the lower layer accounts for 75-95% of the total thickness of the coating.
3. The ultra-slip coating having long lasting icephobic properties of claim 1, wherein the icephobic agent molecules are one or more of liquid small molecules, liquid polymers, various organic waxes; the said lyophobic agent is soluble or slightly soluble in the upper polymer material, and the lyophobic agent is compatible or not compatible with the lower polymer material.
4. The super-slip coating with long-term icephobic properties according to claim 1, wherein the upper layer and the lower layer are elastic polymers or polymer-based composite materials, and the polymers are one or more of polyurethane, methyl silicone rubber, methyl vinyl phenyl silicone rubber, two-component room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber, silicone materials, high temperature type silicone resins, silicone polyester modified resins, polymethyl silicone resins, silicone-epoxy resins, silicone polyester resins, and vinyl silicone resins.
5. The ultra-smooth coating with long-term icephobic properties of claim 1, wherein the molecules of the icephobic agent can spontaneously form polymer brushes by intermolecular interaction with the cross-linked polymer of the upper layer or can be fixed by processing microstructures on the surface of the polymer of the upper layer, and the roughness of the surface of the polymer of the upper layer is less than or equal to 20 μm.
6. The ultra-smooth coating with long-acting icephobic property according to claim 1, wherein the lower porous structure comprises an icephobic agent porous storage layer, the icephobic agent porous storage layer is a common polymer porous structure or a reversible polymer porous structure, and the porous structure is closed independent pores or continuous through pores; the porosity is 50-90%, and the pore diameter is within 100 μm.
7. The ultra-smooth coating with long-lasting icephobic properties of claim 1, wherein the upper layer and the lower layer are made of the same or different materials, and the control and adjustment of the secretion rate of the icephobic agent are realized by changing the type and thickness of the polymer material of the upper layer.
8. The ultra-smooth coating with long-lasting icephobic properties according to claim 6, wherein the surface of the porous storage layer of the icephobic agent is not treated, the porous structure is exposed to air and is in an unclosed state, and the porous storage layer of the icephobic agent has a self-alarm mechanism, and when the pores are filled with the icephobic agent, the coating is in a transparent state; when the ice thinning agent in the holes is completely lost, the coating is in a pure white opaque state.
9. The ultra-slip coating having long term icephobic properties of claim 1, wherein the polymeric coating comprises a photothermal material comprising one or more of graphene, carbon black, candle dust, near infrared fluorescent dyes, and wherein the coating is exposed to elevated temperatures to aid in deicing.
10. Use of a super-slip coating having long term icephobic properties according to any one of claims 1-9 for anti-icing.
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| CN116206801A (en) * | 2023-03-22 | 2023-06-02 | 重庆大学 | Durable anti-icing wire applied to low-temperature high-humidity environment and preparation method |
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