CN113525176B - Thermal management system, method and apparatus for fuel cell vehicle - Google Patents

Thermal management system, method and apparatus for fuel cell vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113525176B
CN113525176B CN202110786497.4A CN202110786497A CN113525176B CN 113525176 B CN113525176 B CN 113525176B CN 202110786497 A CN202110786497 A CN 202110786497A CN 113525176 B CN113525176 B CN 113525176B
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fuel cell
cell stack
temperature
cooling
pipeline
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CN113525176A (en
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肖森林
贺迪华
马海庆
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Shenzhen Hydrogen Age New Energy Technology Co ltd
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Shenzhen Hydrogen Age New Energy Technology Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
    • B60H1/00278—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit for the battery
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
    • B60H1/00292—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit for steering wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
    • B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
    • B60H1/00392—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for electric vehicles having only electric drive means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00735—Control systems or circuits characterised by their input, i.e. by the detection, measurement or calculation of particular conditions, e.g. signal treatment, dynamic models
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/14—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit
    • B60H1/143—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit the heat being derived from cooling an electric component, e.g. electric motors, electric circuits, fuel cells or batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
    • B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
    • B60L58/33—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
    • B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
    • B60L58/34—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
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    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
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    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H01M10/635—Control systems based on ambient temperature
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    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/659—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by heat storage or buffering, e.g. heat capacity or liquid-solid phase changes or transition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/66—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
    • H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
    • H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
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    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H01M8/04358—Temperature; Ambient temperature of the coolant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
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    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04768—Pressure; Flow of the coolant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
    • B60H2001/00307—Component temperature regulation using a liquid flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
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    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
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    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses a thermal management system of a fuel cell vehicle, which comprises: a first container, a heat generating unit, and a heat using unit. The first container is filled with a cooling medium, and is used for recovering waste heat in the heat generating unit and consuming the waste heat in the heat using unit, so that the effective recycling of heat energy is realized. The waste heat generated by the energy storage battery, the electrical equipment and the fuel cell stack is increased in sequence under normal conditions, the temperature of the energy storage battery, the temperature of the electrical equipment and the temperature of the fuel cell stack are also increased in sequence when the fuel cell vehicle travels, the energy storage battery, the electrical equipment and the fuel cell stack are sequentially arranged, cooling media flow through the energy storage battery, the electrical equipment and the fuel cell stack in sequence, the efficiency of the cooling media for recovering the waste heat based on temperature difference can be maximized, and centralized thermal management is realized. And the heat using unit comprises a second container filled with a thermal energy storage material and a heat exchanger, so that the requirement of recycling thermal energy under different conditions can be met. In addition, a thermal management method and equipment of the fuel cell vehicle are also provided.

Description

Thermal management system, method and apparatus for fuel cell vehicle
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cell vehicles, in particular to a thermal management system, a method and equipment of a fuel cell vehicle.
Background
The electric automobile has the characteristics of zero emission, high efficiency and the like, and is gradually becoming the main development direction of vehicles in the future. At present, a hydrogen fuel cell is an ideal power device for replacing an internal combustion engine in a fuel cell vehicle, and chemical energy in fuel and oxidant is directly converted into electric energy and utilized.
The fuel cell stack and the electrical equipment of the fuel cell vehicle generate a large amount of heat energy during operation, and for some fuel cell vehicles, the generated heat energy may even account for 50% of the chemical energy of the fuel. Such a large portion of heat energy, if not effectively managed, would result in: first, the temperature of the fuel cell stack itself rises, and excessive temperatures can dry the membrane in the stack, shortening the membrane life, and further reducing the performance and life of the fuel cell stack. Second, heat energy is not effectively utilized, resulting in a large amount of energy being consumed without end, so that the operating cost of the fuel cell vehicle cannot be effectively reduced. Both of the above problems hinder the progress of industrialization of fuel cell vehicles.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, there is a need to provide a thermal management system, method and apparatus for a fuel cell vehicle that intensively utilizes thermal energy.
A thermal management system for a fuel cell vehicle, the system comprising: the heat pump device comprises a first container, a heat generating unit and a heat using unit, wherein the outflow end of the first container is connected with the heat generating unit, and the inflow end of the first container is connected with the heat using unit;
a cooling medium is filled in the first container, and flows into the heat generating unit through the outflow end of the first container;
the heat generation unit comprises a first control module, an energy storage battery, electric equipment and a fuel cell stack which are sequentially arranged, and a cooling pipeline for connecting the energy storage battery, the electric equipment and the fuel cell stack; the end of the cooling pipeline is connected with the outflow end of the first container; the first control module is used for controlling the cooling medium to sequentially flow through the energy storage battery, the electrical equipment and the fuel cell stack through the cooling pipeline, so that the cooling medium sequentially recovers waste heat generated by the energy storage battery, the electrical equipment and the fuel cell stack;
the heat using unit comprises a second control module, a heat exchanger, a second container and a consumption pipeline, the consumption pipeline is connected with the heat exchanger and the second container, a heat energy storage material is filled in the second container, the end head of the consumption pipeline is connected with the end tail of the cooling pipeline, and the end tail of the consumption pipeline is connected with the inflow end of the first container; the second control module is used for controlling the cooling medium to flow into the heat exchanger and/or the second container through a consumption pipeline and then flow back to the first container, so that the waste heat recovered by the cooling medium is used by the heat exchanger and/or is stored by the thermal energy storage material.
In one embodiment, a cooling electromagnetic valve and a temperature sensor are further arranged on the cooling pipeline, the first control module is connected with the cooling electromagnetic valve and the temperature sensor, the temperature sensor is used for detecting the temperature of a cooling medium flowing through the energy storage battery, the electrical equipment and the fuel cell stack, and the first control module is further used for adjusting the opening degree of the cooling electromagnetic valve according to the temperature so as to adjust the flow rate of the cooling medium flowing through the energy storage battery, the electrical equipment and the fuel cell stack.
In one embodiment, the heat generation unit further comprises an electric energy configuration module, and the electric energy configuration module is respectively connected with the energy storage battery, the electrical device and the fuel cell stack and is used for distributing the electric energy generated by the fuel cell stack to the energy storage battery for storage and/or distributing the electric energy to the electrical device for use.
In one embodiment, the system further comprises a third vessel, a hydrogen supply line, and an oxygen supply line;
the third container is filled with high-pressure hydrogen fuel;
the hydrogen supply pipeline is connected with the third container and the fuel cell stack, a hydrogen solenoid valve is arranged on the hydrogen supply pipeline, and the first control module is connected with the hydrogen solenoid valve and used for adjusting the opening degree of the hydrogen solenoid valve so as to adjust the amount of hydrogen delivered to the fuel cell stack;
the oxygen supply pipeline is connected with the fuel cell stack, an oxygen solenoid valve is arranged on the oxygen supply pipeline, and the first control module is connected with the oxygen solenoid valve and used for adjusting the opening of the oxygen solenoid valve so as to adjust the oxygen amount delivered to the fuel cell stack.
A thermal management method for a fuel cell vehicle, which is applied to the thermal management system for a fuel cell vehicle according to claim 1, the method comprising:
detecting a first current temperature of the energy storage battery, a second current temperature of the electrical equipment and a third current temperature of the fuel cell stack;
if the first current temperature is higher than a first preset temperature, and the first preset temperature is the maximum value of the optimal temperature of the energy storage battery, communicating a first cooling pipeline connected with the energy storage battery, so that the cooling medium in the first cooling pipeline recovers waste heat generated by the energy storage battery;
if the second current temperature is higher than a second preset temperature which is the maximum value of the optimal temperature of the electrical equipment, communicating a second cooling pipeline connected with the electrical equipment so that the cooling medium in the second cooling pipeline recovers waste heat generated by the electrical equipment;
and if the third current temperature is higher than a third preset temperature which is the maximum value of the optimal temperature of the fuel cell stack, communicating a third cooling pipeline connected with the fuel cell stack so that the cooling medium in the third cooling pipeline recovers the waste heat generated by the fuel cell stack.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises:
if the cooling medium in the cooling pipeline recovers generated waste heat, the consumption pipeline is communicated, so that the waste heat recovered by the cooling medium is used by the heat exchanger and/or is stored by the thermal energy storage material.
In one embodiment, the second vessel is further connected to the first vessel by a first heating line, and the second vessel is further connected to the fuel cell stack by a second heating line, the method further comprising:
detecting the current ambient temperature;
before the cooling medium is cooled, if the ambient temperature is lower than a fourth preset temperature, and the fourth preset temperature is the lowest use temperature of the cooling medium, starting the first heating pipeline so that the waste heat stored by the thermal energy storage material is used for carrying out auxiliary heating on the cooling medium;
before the fuel cell stack works, if the ambient temperature is lower than a fifth preset temperature, and the fifth preset temperature is the lowest working temperature of the fuel cell stack, a second heating pipeline is started, so that the waste heat stored by the heat energy storage material is used for carrying out auxiliary heating on the fuel cell stack.
In one embodiment, a cooling solenoid valve and a temperature sensor are disposed on the third cooling pipeline, and the method further includes:
when the opening degree of a hydrogen electromagnetic valve on a hydrogen supply pipeline and the opening degree of an oxygen electromagnetic valve on an oxygen supply pipeline are increased, wherein the hydrogen supply pipeline is used for conveying hydrogen for the fuel cell stack, the oxygen supply pipeline is used for conveying oxygen for the fuel cell stack, and the opening degree of a cooling electromagnetic valve on the third cooling pipeline is increased, so that the temperature detected by a temperature sensor on the third cooling pipeline is unchanged.
In one embodiment, a plurality of heat sinks are further disposed in the heat generating unit, and the method further includes:
and if the third current temperature is higher than a sixth preset temperature, the sixth preset temperature is the maximum critical temperature of the fuel cell stack, and the radiators are started, so that the temperature detected by the temperature sensor on the third cooling pipeline is lower than the sixth preset temperature.
A thermal management device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program that, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to perform the steps of the thermal management method for a fuel cell vehicle described above.
The invention provides a thermal management system, a method and equipment of a fuel cell vehicle. The first container is filled with a cooling medium, and is used for recovering waste heat in the heat generating unit and consuming the waste heat in the heat using unit, so that the effective recycling of heat energy is realized. The waste heat generated by the energy storage battery, the electrical equipment and the fuel cell stack is increased in sequence under normal conditions, the temperature of the energy storage battery, the temperature of the electrical equipment and the temperature of the fuel cell stack are also increased in sequence when the fuel cell vehicle travels, the energy storage battery, the electrical equipment and the fuel cell stack are sequentially arranged, cooling media flow through the energy storage battery, the electrical equipment and the fuel cell stack in sequence, the efficiency of the cooling media for recovering the waste heat based on temperature difference can be maximized, and centralized thermal management is realized. And the heat using unit comprises a second container filled with a thermal energy storage material and a heat exchanger, so that the requirement of recycling thermal energy under different conditions can be met.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Wherein:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of a thermal management system of a fuel cell vehicle in a first embodiment;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a thermal management system of a fuel cell vehicle in a second embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart diagram illustrating a method for thermal management of a fuel cell vehicle according to one embodiment;
fig. 4 is a block diagram showing the construction of a heat management apparatus of a fuel cell vehicle in one embodiment;
reference numerals: the fuel cell system includes a first container 100, a heat generating unit 200, a first control module 210, an energy storage battery 220, an electrical device 230, a fuel cell stack 240, a cooling line 250, a cooling solenoid valve 260, a temperature sensor 270, an electric power configuration module 280, a heat using unit 300, a second control module 310, a heat exchanger 320, a second container 330, a consumption line 340, a third container 410, a hydrogen supply line 420, a hydrogen solenoid valve 430, an oxygen supply line 440, and an oxygen solenoid valve 450.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic view of a thermal management system of a fuel cell vehicle according to a first embodiment, and the thermal management system of the fuel cell vehicle includes: a first container 100, a heat generating unit 200, and a heat using unit 300.
In which the first container 100 contains a cooling medium in the form of a cooling liquid stored in the first container 100. As shown by the arrow in fig. 1, an end of the first container 100 pointed outward by the arrow is an outflow end connected to the heat generating unit 200, and an end of the first container 100 pointed inward by the arrow is an inflow end connected to the heat using unit 300. During the entire thermal management process, the pressure pump (not shown) causes the cooling medium to flow into the heat generating unit 200 through the outflow end of the first container 100 by pressure, and the cooling medium recovers waste heat generated in the heat generating unit 200, increases in temperature, and flows into the heat using unit 300. The heat using unit 300 consumes the waste heat carried in the cooling medium, restores it to a normal temperature range, and reflows to the first container 100 from the inflow end, thereby realizing the recycling of the heat energy.
The heat generating unit 200 specifically includes a first control module 210, and an energy storage cell 220, an electrical device 230, and a fuel cell stack 240 sequentially arranged, and further includes a cooling pipe 250 connecting the energy storage cell 220, the electrical device 230, and the fuel cell stack 240, wherein an end of the cooling pipe 250 is connected to an outflow end of the first container 100, and a cooling medium flows into the heat generating unit 200 from the end. The energy storage battery 220 is mainly used for providing electric energy for the fuel cell vehicle to travel, and is also used for providing real-time electric energy for the electrical equipment 230. The electric device 230 refers to an electric device in the fuel cell vehicle, such as an air conditioner, a defroster, a heater, and the like. The fuel cell stack 240 in the present embodiment is a device that generates electric power by an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. The fuel cell stack 240 includes two catalyst electrodes, i.e., an anode (anode) and a cathode. When hydrogen and oxygen are supplied to the anode and the cathode, respectively, the hydrogen is separated into protons, i.e., hydrogen ions, and electrons in the anode. The hydrogen ions move through the electrolyte layer to the cathode where they combine with oxygen to produce water. The electrons pass through an external circuit to generate an electric current. The electrical energy generated from the fuel cell stack 240 may be stored by the energy storage cell 220 or used by the electrical device 230. The energy storage cell 220, the electrical device 230 and the fuel cell stack 240 all generate waste heat during operation, and the waste heat generated by the energy storage cell 220, the electrical device 230 and the fuel cell stack 240 is generally increased in sequence, which also means that the temperatures of the three are increased in sequence when the fuel cell vehicle travels, wherein the temperature range of the fuel cell stack 240 under normal operation may be about 70 to 80 ℃.
The first control module 210 controls the cooling medium to flow through the energy storage cell 220, the electrical device 230 and the fuel cell stack 240 in sequence through the cooling pipeline 250, so that the cooling medium recovers waste heat generated by the energy storage cell 220, the electrical device 230 and the fuel cell stack 240 in sequence. The first control module 210 may be an MCU (micro controller) or an ARM (advanced reduced instruction set processor). The heat generating unit 200 is provided to realize concentrated heat radiation, which can save space in the vehicle. After the cooling medium cools the energy storage battery 220, the temperature of the cooling medium is slightly increased, and the electrical device 230 can still be cooled. Similarly, the cooling medium can continue to cool the fuel cell stack 240 after cooling the electrical device 230, and the devices with temperature differences are sequentially arranged, so that the cooling medium can cool all the devices in one cooling process, and the thermal management efficiency can be effectively improved compared with the disordered arrangement.
In addition, the cooling line 250 may be connected to the energy storage cell 220, the electrical device 230, and the fuel cell stack 240 by external connection and internal connection. The cooling pipe 250 is attached to the outer surfaces of the energy storage cell 220, the electrical device 230, and the fuel cell stack 240 when externally connected, and the cooling pipe 250 may pass through the inside of the energy storage cell 220, the electrical device 230, and the fuel cell stack 240 when internally connected. Thus, when the heat generation unit 200 generates less heat, it can be cooled only by the cooling pipe 250 connected to the outside, and thus a small temperature reduction can be achieved. And when the heat generation unit 200 generates heat more, it can be cooled by the cooling pipe 250 internally connected or both externally and internally connected, thereby achieving more efficient cooling.
The heat using unit 300 includes a heat exchanger 320, a second container 330, and a consumption line 340. The consumption line 340 is connected to the heat exchanger 320 and the second container 330, the end of the consumption line 340 is connected to the end of the cooling line 250, the end of the consumption line 340 is connected to the inflow end of the first container 100, and the cooling medium flows from the end of the consumption line 340 into the heat using unit 300 and then flows back from the end of the consumption line 340 into the first container 100. The heat exchanger 320 is used to extract waste heat from the cooling medium and transfer the waste heat to a heat consuming device, such as a cabin heater, a steering wheel heater, etc. The second container 330 is filled with a thermal energy storage material, which may be magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, or the like, and absorbs the excess waste heat in the cooling medium for storage.
The second control module 310 controls the flow of cooling medium through the consumption line 340 into the heat exchanger 320 and/or the second container 330 and back into the first container 100. The second control module 310 may be specifically an MCU or an ARM. When the user has a heating demand, the waste heat is used directly by the heat exchanger 320 and the remaining waste heat is absorbed by the thermal energy storage material. When the user has no heating demand, as much waste heat as possible is absorbed by the thermal energy storage material. Therefore, waste heat can be distributed in a centralized manner according to different heat using requirements, the high-efficiency utilization of heat is realized, and the heat management efficiency is further improved.
The heat generation unit of the thermal management system of the fuel cell vehicle can maximize the efficiency of the cooling medium for recovering waste heat based on the temperature difference, and realize centralized thermal management. And the heat using unit comprises a second container filled with a thermal energy storage material and a heat exchanger, so that the requirement of recycling thermal energy under different conditions can be met.
As shown in fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic view of a thermal management system of a fuel cell vehicle in a second embodiment. The cooling line 250 in this embodiment is also provided with a plurality of cooling solenoid valves 260 and a temperature sensor 270. Wherein the cooling solenoid valve 260 adjusts whether the cooling medium flows through the energy storage cell 220, the electrical device 230, and the fuel cell stack 240 by opening and closing, and changes the flow rate of the cooling medium flowing through the energy storage cell 220, the electrical device 230, and the fuel cell stack 240 by adjusting the opening degree. The temperature sensor 270 is used to detect the temperature of the cooling medium after flowing through the energy storage battery 220, the electrical device 230, and the fuel cell stack 240, and it is determined whether waste heat needs to be consumed and how the waste heat needs to be distributed in the heat using unit 300 according to the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 270. The temperature sensor 270 may be provided in plurality as shown in fig. 2, and is located at the outflow end of the energy storage cell 220, the electrical device 230, and the fuel cell stack 240, so as to achieve more accurate temperature detection. It is also possible to provide only one temperature sensor 270 at the end tail of the cooling pipe 250 to detect the temperature of the cooling medium after passing through the entire heat generating unit 200.
The first control module 210 is further connected to the plurality of cooling solenoid valves 260 and the temperature sensor 270, respectively, and the first control module 210 centrally adjusts the opening and closing of the cooling solenoid valves 260 and the opening degree thereof, thereby realizing integrated management.
Referring to fig. 2, the heat generating unit 200 further includes an electric energy configuration module 280, and the electric energy configuration module 280 is electrically connected to the energy storage cell 220, the electrical device 230 and the fuel cell stack 240, respectively, and is used for distributing the electric energy generated by the fuel cell stack 240 to the energy storage cell 220 for storage and/or to the electrical device 230 for use. On the premise that the fuel cell stack 240 operates, when a user has a demand for electricity, the generated electric energy can be directly distributed to the electrical equipment 230 for use, and the rest of the electric energy can be distributed to the energy storage battery 220 for storage; in this case, when the user has no demand for electricity, the electric energy is distributed to the energy storage battery 220 for storage. When the fuel cell stack 240 is not operating, the stored electric energy is distributed to the electric device 230 by the energy storage cell 220. Thus, based on the power configuration module 280, centralized management of power can be achieved.
Referring to fig. 2, the heat management system in this embodiment further includes a third container 410, a hydrogen supply line 420, and an oxygen supply line 440. The third container 410 is filled with high-pressure hydrogen fuel, and the third container 410 can be an FCV (fuel cell vehicle) hydrogen tank, and the high-pressure hydrogen fuel is stored in the container by a high-pressure hydrogen storage method. A hydrogen supply line 420 connects the third container 410 and the fuel cell stack 240, and a hydrogen solenoid valve 430 is provided on the hydrogen supply line 420. An oxygen supply line 440 is connected to the fuel cell stack 240, and an oxygen solenoid valve 450 is also provided in the oxygen supply line 440. The first control module 210 is connected to both the hydrogen solenoid valve 430 and the oxygen solenoid valve 450, and is configured to adjust the opening degree of the hydrogen solenoid valve 430 to adjust the amount of hydrogen gas delivered to the fuel cell stack 240 and to adjust the opening degree of the oxygen solenoid valve 450 to adjust the amount of oxygen gas delivered to the fuel cell stack 240. When it is necessary to improve the energy supply efficiency of the fuel cell stack 240, the opening degree of the hydrogen solenoid valve 430 and the opening degree of the oxygen solenoid valve 450 are simultaneously increased. When it is necessary to lower the energy supply efficiency of the fuel cell stack 240, the opening degree of the hydrogen solenoid valve 430 and the opening degree of the oxygen solenoid valve 450 are reduced at the same time. Thereby realizing centralized control of the combustion efficiency of the fuel cell stack 240 and, in turn, the heat generation.
As shown in fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a thermal management method of a fuel cell vehicle in an embodiment, where the thermal management method of the fuel cell vehicle in the embodiment is applicable to the thermal management system of the fuel cell vehicle, and the steps provided include:
step 302, detecting a first current temperature of the energy storage battery, a second current temperature of the electrical device, and a third current temperature of the fuel cell stack.
In the thermal management system, temperature sensors may be provided at the energy storage battery, the electrical device, and the fuel cell stack to detect a first current temperature, a second current temperature, and a third current temperature at the current time. Whether cooling of the corresponding device is currently required is determined based on the first current temperature, the second current temperature, and the third current temperature.
Step 304, if the first current temperature is higher than the first preset temperature, communicating a first cooling pipeline connected with the energy storage battery, so that the cooling medium in the first cooling pipeline recovers and collects the waste heat generated by the energy storage battery.
The first preset temperature is the maximum value of the optimal temperature of the energy storage battery, when the first current temperature is higher than the first preset temperature, the working efficiency of the energy storage battery begins to be reduced, and the energy storage battery needs to be cooled at the moment, so that the energy storage battery can recover to the optimal working efficiency. And communicating a first cooling pipeline connected with the energy storage battery so that the cooling medium in the first cooling pipeline recovers waste heat generated by the energy storage battery. The opening degree of the cooling solenoid valve on the first cooling line can also be adjusted to adjust the cooling rate.
And step 306, if the second current temperature is higher than the second preset temperature, communicating a second cooling pipeline connected with the electrical equipment, so that the cooling medium in the second cooling pipeline recovers waste heat generated by the electrical equipment.
The second preset temperature is the maximum value of the optimal temperature of the electrical equipment, when the second current temperature is higher than the second preset temperature, the working efficiency of the electrical equipment begins to be reduced, and at the moment, the energy storage battery needs to be cooled so that the electrical equipment can recover to the optimal working efficiency. And communicating a second cooling pipeline connected with the electrical equipment, so that the cooling medium in the second cooling pipeline recovers waste heat generated by the electrical equipment. The opening degree of the cooling electromagnetic valve on the second cooling pipeline can be adjusted to adjust the cooling rate.
And 308, if the third current temperature is higher than the third preset temperature, communicating a third cooling pipeline connected with the fuel cell stack, so that the cooling medium in the third cooling pipeline recovers the waste heat generated by the fuel cell stack.
When the third current temperature is higher than the third preset temperature, the working efficiency of the fuel cell stack begins to decrease, and at this time, the fuel cell stack needs to be cooled so as to recover the optimal working efficiency of the fuel cell stack. And communicating a third cooling pipeline connected with the fuel cell stack, so that the cooling medium in the third cooling pipeline recovers waste heat generated by the fuel cell stack. The opening degree of the cooling solenoid valve on the third cooling pipeline can be adjusted to adjust the cooling rate.
In one embodiment, when an increase in the opening of the hydrogen solenoid valve on the hydrogen supply line and an increase in the opening of the oxygen solenoid valve on the oxygen supply line are detected, the functional efficiency of the fuel cell stack increases, and the waste heat generated at this time increases. In order to maintain the heat stability of the system, the opening degree of the cooling electromagnetic valve on the third cooling pipeline is increased, so that the temperature detected by the temperature sensor on the third cooling pipeline is unchanged.
Furthermore, a temperature sensor is arranged on the cooling pipeline to detect whether the cooling medium in the cooling pipeline recovers the generated waste heat, and if the cooling medium in the cooling pipeline recovers the generated waste heat, the consumption pipeline is communicated, so that the waste heat recovered by the cooling medium is used by the heat exchanger and/or is stored by the thermal energy storage material.
According to the thermal management method of the fuel cell vehicle, the efficiency of the cooling medium for recovering waste heat based on the temperature difference can be maximized, and centralized thermal management is realized. And the heat using unit comprises a second container filled with a thermal energy storage material and a heat exchanger, so that the requirement of recycling thermal energy under different conditions can be met.
Furthermore, the second container is connected with the first container through a first heating pipeline, the second container is connected with the fuel cell stack through a second heating pipeline, and waste heat stored in the thermal energy storage material in the second container can be transferred to the first container and the fuel cell stack through the first heating pipeline and the second heating pipeline to be heated in an auxiliary mode.
In one embodiment, the step of determining whether to perform the auxiliary heating comprises: the current ambient temperature is first detected, which is an important factor affecting whether the cooling medium can be cooled normally and whether the fuel cell stack can be operated normally, for example, in winter, in an environment with a low ambient temperature, it is difficult for the thermal management system to operate normally. Before the cooling medium is cooled, if the ambient temperature is lower than a fourth preset temperature, the first heating pipeline is started, so that the waste heat stored by the thermal energy storage material is used for carrying out auxiliary heating on the cooling medium. Wherein the fourth preset temperature is set as the lowest use temperature of the cooling medium, and the temperature of the cooling medium is increased by heating the cooling medium to improve the fluidity of the cooling medium and improve the cold startability of the thermal management system. And if the ambient temperature is lower than a fifth preset temperature, starting a second heating pipeline so as to use the waste heat stored by the thermal energy storage material to perform auxiliary heating on the fuel cell stack. The fifth preset temperature is set as the lowest working temperature of the fuel cell stack, and when the fifth preset temperature is lower than the lower limit of the working temperature, the discharge efficiency of the fuel cell is low, and the electric energy is difficult to provide. At the moment, the thermal energy storage material is used for assisting in heating the fuel cell stack, so that the temperature of the fuel cell stack is increased to a temperature at which the fuel cell stack can normally work. Through the auxiliary heating, the fuel cell vehicle can realize heat management at a lower temperature, and the application scene of a heat management system is further expanded.
In a specific scenario, a plurality of radiators are further arranged in the heat generating unit, the fuel cell stack continuously works in a high energy supply state or the temperature of the fuel cell stack is increased due to reasons such as faults and the like until the temperature is higher than a sixth preset temperature, and the radiators are turned on at the moment, so that the temperature detected by the temperature sensor on the third cooling pipeline is lower than the sixth preset temperature. The sixth preset temperature is the maximum critical temperature of the fuel cell stack, and if the temperature of the fuel cell stack is greater than the sixth preset temperature for a long time, potential safety hazards exist, so that the fuel cell stack needs to be cooled more efficiently. The cooling medium is further cooled by a radiator, so that dangerous conditions can be prevented.
Fig. 4 is a diagram showing an internal structure of a thermal management device of a fuel cell vehicle in one embodiment. As shown in fig. 4, the thermal management device of the fuel cell vehicle includes a processor, a memory, and a network interface connected by a system bus. Wherein the memory includes a non-volatile storage medium and an internal memory. The nonvolatile storage medium of the heat management device of the fuel cell vehicle is stored with an operating system, and can also be stored with a computer program, and the computer program can enable a processor to realize the heat management method of the fuel cell vehicle when being executed by the processor. The internal memory may also have stored thereon a computer program that, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to perform a method of thermal management for a fuel cell vehicle. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the structure shown in fig. 4 is a block diagram of only a portion of the structure relevant to the present application and does not constitute a limitation on the thermal management device of the fuel cell vehicle to which the present application is applied, and that a particular thermal management device of a fuel cell vehicle may include more or fewer components than shown, or may combine certain components, or have a different arrangement of components.
A thermal management apparatus for a fuel cell vehicle, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing the following steps when executing the computer program: detecting a first current temperature of the energy storage battery, a second current temperature of the electrical equipment and a third current temperature of the fuel cell stack; if the first current temperature is higher than a first preset temperature which is the maximum value of the optimal temperature of the energy storage battery, a first cooling pipeline connected with the energy storage battery is communicated, so that the cooling medium in the first cooling pipeline recovers waste heat generated by the energy storage battery; if the second current temperature is higher than a second preset temperature which is the maximum value of the optimal temperature of the electrical equipment, communicating a second cooling pipeline connected with the electrical equipment so that the cooling medium in the second cooling pipeline recovers waste heat generated by the electrical equipment; and if the third current temperature is higher than a third preset temperature which is the maximum value of the optimal temperature of the fuel cell stack, communicating a third cooling pipeline connected with the fuel cell stack so that the cooling medium in the third cooling pipeline recovers waste heat generated by the fuel cell stack.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises: if the cooling medium in the cooling pipeline recovers the generated waste heat, the consumption pipeline is communicated, so that the waste heat recovered by the cooling medium is used by the heat exchanger and/or is stored by the thermal energy storage material.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises: detecting the current environment temperature; before the cooling medium is cooled, if the ambient temperature is lower than a fourth preset temperature, and the fourth preset temperature is the lowest use temperature of the cooling medium, starting a first heating pipeline to perform auxiliary heating on the cooling medium by using waste heat stored in the thermal energy storage material; before the fuel cell stack works, if the ambient temperature is lower than a fifth preset temperature, and the fifth preset temperature is the lowest working temperature of the fuel cell stack, the second heating pipeline is started, so that the waste heat stored by the heat energy storage material is used for carrying out auxiliary heating on the fuel cell stack.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises: and when the opening degree of a hydrogen electromagnetic valve on the hydrogen supply pipeline and the opening degree of an oxygen electromagnetic valve on the oxygen supply pipeline are increased, wherein the hydrogen supply pipeline is used for conveying hydrogen for the fuel cell stack, the oxygen supply pipeline is used for conveying oxygen for the fuel cell stack, and the opening degree of a cooling electromagnetic valve on the third cooling pipeline is increased, so that the temperature detected by a temperature sensor on the third cooling pipeline is unchanged.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises: and if the third current temperature is higher than a sixth preset temperature which is the maximum critical temperature of the fuel cell stack, starting a plurality of radiators so that the temperature detected by the temperature sensor on the third cooling pipeline is lower than the sixth preset temperature.
It should be noted that the above thermal management system, method and apparatus for a fuel cell vehicle belong to a general inventive concept, and the contents of the embodiments of the thermal management system, method and apparatus for a fuel cell vehicle are mutually applicable.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the processes of the methods of the embodiments described above can be implemented by a computer program, which can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, and can include the processes of the embodiments of the methods described above when the program is executed. Any reference to memory, storage, database or other medium used in the embodiments provided herein can include non-volatile and/or volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), Programmable ROM (PROM), Electrically Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can include Random Access Memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in a variety of forms such as Static RAM (SRAM), Dynamic RAM (DRAM), Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), Double Data Rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), Enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchronous Link DRAM (SLDRAM), Rambus Direct RAM (RDRAM), direct bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM).
All possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments may not be described for the sake of brevity, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present disclosure as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above examples only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (7)

1. A thermal management system for a fuel cell vehicle, the system comprising: the heat pump device comprises a first container, a heat generating unit and a heat using unit, wherein the outflow end of the first container is connected with the heat generating unit, and the inflow end of the first container is connected with the heat using unit;
the first container is filled with a cooling medium, and the cooling medium flows into the heat generation unit through the outflow end of the first container;
the heat generation unit comprises a first control module, an energy storage battery, electric equipment and a fuel cell stack which are sequentially arranged, and a cooling pipeline for connecting the energy storage battery, the electric equipment and the fuel cell stack; the end of the cooling pipeline is connected with the outflow end of the first container; the first control module is used for controlling the cooling medium to sequentially flow through the energy storage battery, the electrical equipment and the fuel cell stack through the cooling pipeline, so that the cooling medium sequentially recovers waste heat generated by the energy storage battery, the electrical equipment and the fuel cell stack;
the heat using unit comprises a second control module, a heat exchanger, a second container and a consumption pipeline, the consumption pipeline is connected with the heat exchanger and the second container, a heat energy storage material is filled in the second container, the end head of the consumption pipeline is connected with the end tail of the cooling pipeline, and the end tail of the consumption pipeline is connected with the inflow end of the first container; the second control module is used for controlling the cooling medium to flow into the heat exchanger and/or the second container through a consumption pipeline and then flow back to the first container, so that the waste heat recovered by the cooling medium is used by the heat exchanger and/or is stored by the thermal energy storage material;
the cooling pipeline is also provided with a cooling electromagnetic valve and a temperature sensor, the first control module is connected with the cooling electromagnetic valve and the temperature sensor, the temperature sensor is used for detecting the temperature of a cooling medium flowing through the energy storage battery, the electrical equipment and the fuel cell stack, and the first control module is also used for adjusting the opening of the cooling electromagnetic valve according to the temperature so as to adjust the flow of the cooling medium flowing through the energy storage battery, the electrical equipment and the fuel cell stack;
the system further comprises a third vessel, a hydrogen supply line, and an oxygen supply line; the third container is filled with high-pressure hydrogen fuel; the hydrogen supply pipeline is connected with the third container and the fuel cell stack, a hydrogen solenoid valve is arranged on the hydrogen supply pipeline, and the first control module is connected with the hydrogen solenoid valve and used for adjusting the opening degree of the hydrogen solenoid valve so as to adjust the amount of hydrogen delivered to the fuel cell stack; the oxygen supply pipeline is connected with the fuel cell stack, an oxygen solenoid valve is arranged on the oxygen supply pipeline, and the first control module is connected with the oxygen solenoid valve and used for adjusting the opening of the oxygen solenoid valve so as to adjust the oxygen amount delivered to the fuel cell stack;
when the opening degree of a hydrogen solenoid valve on a hydrogen supply pipeline and the opening degree of an oxygen solenoid valve on an oxygen supply pipeline are increased, the opening degree of a cooling solenoid valve on a third cooling pipeline is increased, so that the temperature detected by a temperature sensor on the third cooling pipeline is unchanged; wherein the third cooling pipeline is a cooling pipeline connected with the fuel cell stack.
2. The system of claim 1, further comprising an electrical energy configuration module in the heat generating unit, wherein the electrical energy configuration module is connected to the energy storage battery, the electrical device and the fuel cell stack, respectively, and is configured to distribute the electrical energy generated by the fuel cell stack to the energy storage battery for storage and/or to the electrical device for use.
3. A thermal management method for a fuel cell vehicle, which is applied to the thermal management system for a fuel cell vehicle according to claim 1, the method comprising:
detecting a first current temperature of the energy storage battery, a second current temperature of the electrical device, and a third current temperature of the fuel cell stack;
if the first current temperature is higher than a first preset temperature, and the first preset temperature is the maximum value of the optimal temperature of the energy storage battery, communicating a first cooling pipeline connected with the energy storage battery, so that the cooling medium in the first cooling pipeline recovers waste heat generated by the energy storage battery;
if the second current temperature is higher than a second preset temperature which is the maximum value of the optimal temperature of the electrical equipment, communicating a second cooling pipeline connected with the electrical equipment so that the cooling medium in the second cooling pipeline recovers waste heat generated by the electrical equipment;
if the third current temperature is higher than a third preset temperature which is the maximum value of the optimal temperature of the fuel cell stack, communicating a third cooling pipeline connected with the fuel cell stack so that a cooling medium in the third cooling pipeline recovers waste heat generated by the fuel cell stack;
the method further comprises the following steps:
when the opening degree of a hydrogen electromagnetic valve on a hydrogen supply pipeline and the opening degree of an oxygen electromagnetic valve on an oxygen supply pipeline are increased, wherein the hydrogen supply pipeline is used for conveying hydrogen for the fuel cell stack, the oxygen supply pipeline is used for conveying oxygen for the fuel cell stack, and the opening degree of a cooling electromagnetic valve on the third cooling pipeline is increased, so that the temperature detected by a temperature sensor on the third cooling pipeline is unchanged.
4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
if the cooling medium in the cooling pipeline recovers generated waste heat, the consumption pipeline is communicated, so that the waste heat recovered by the cooling medium is used by the heat exchanger and/or is stored by the thermal energy storage material.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the second vessel is further connected to the first vessel by a first heating line, and the second vessel is further connected to the fuel cell stack by a second heating line, the method further comprising:
detecting the current environment temperature;
before the cooling medium is cooled, if the ambient temperature is lower than a fourth preset temperature, and the fourth preset temperature is the lowest use temperature of the cooling medium, starting the first heating pipeline so that the waste heat stored by the thermal energy storage material is used for carrying out auxiliary heating on the cooling medium;
before the fuel cell stack works, if the ambient temperature is lower than a fifth preset temperature, and the fifth preset temperature is the lowest working temperature of the fuel cell stack, a second heating pipeline is started, so that the waste heat stored by the heat energy storage material is used for carrying out auxiliary heating on the fuel cell stack.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein a plurality of heat sinks are also disposed within the heat generating unit, the method further comprising:
and if the third current temperature is higher than a sixth preset temperature, the sixth preset temperature is the maximum critical temperature of the fuel cell stack, and the radiators are started, so that the temperature detected by the temperature sensor on the third cooling pipeline is lower than the sixth preset temperature.
7. A thermal management device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program that, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to perform the steps of the method of any of claims 3 to 6.
CN202110786497.4A 2021-07-12 2021-07-12 Thermal management system, method and apparatus for fuel cell vehicle Active CN113525176B (en)

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