CN114171758B - Fuel cell system, cold start system and control method - Google Patents
Fuel cell system, cold start system and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114171758B CN114171758B CN202111426011.2A CN202111426011A CN114171758B CN 114171758 B CN114171758 B CN 114171758B CN 202111426011 A CN202111426011 A CN 202111426011A CN 114171758 B CN114171758 B CN 114171758B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04037—Electrical heating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
- H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
A fuel cell system, cold start system and control method, because the temperature detection device is used for measuring the temperature of the self-heating battery; detecting a temperature of the fuel cell; the self-heating battery is used for providing electric energy for the electric pile temperature regulating system; the controller is used for receiving a starting instruction and controlling the self-heating battery to carry out self-heating or output electric energy according to the temperature of the self-heating battery; controlling the self-heating battery to provide electric energy for the electric pile temperature adjusting system according to the temperature of the fuel battery, and controlling the electric pile temperature adjusting system to heat the fuel battery; and when the temperature of the fuel cell is higher than the third preset temperature, outputting a fourth control signal, wherein the fourth control signal is used for reflecting the success of the start of the cold start system. It is thus clear that self-heating is carried out through the self-heating battery, accomplishes the cold start of self-heating battery, can high-efficient pile temperature regulation system provide the electric energy afterwards, heats fuel cell for fuel cell's temperature satisfies the electric reaction requirement, accomplishes cold start fast.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a fuel cell system, a cold start system and a control method.
Background
The fuel cell is a clean energy technology for directly converting chemical energy of fuel into electric energy through electrochemical reaction, is considered as an energy utilization mode with the most development potential, and has wide application prospect. An apparatus for performing an electrochemical reaction is often referred to as a "stack", and it can continuously output electric energy to the outside through an oxidation-reduction reaction as long as a fuel (generally hydrogen gas or a hydrogen-containing gaseous and liquid reactant) and an oxidant (generally air) are continuously supplied to an anode side and a cathode side.
New energy vehicles having fuel cells, which may also typically have a fuel reforming system for providing reformate (e.g., hydrogen) to the fuel cells, whether the fuel cells, the fuel reforming system, or the new energy vehicle, may be subject to cold start at low temperatures.
The existing mode of adopting an energy storage battery as a cold start energy source has the defects of low performance at low temperature, low cold start efficiency, long cold start time, high energy consumption and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problems of low cold start efficiency and long cold start time of the existing fuel cell system.
According to a first aspect, an embodiment provides a cold start system of a fuel cell system, comprising a controller, a self-heating cell, a temperature detection device, and a stack temperature regulation system;
the temperature detection device is used for detecting the temperature of the self-heating battery; detecting a temperature of the fuel cell;
the self-heating battery is used for providing electric energy for the electric pile temperature regulating system;
the electric pile temperature regulating system is used for heating or cooling the fuel cell;
the controller is used for receiving a starting instruction and controlling the self-heating battery to carry out self-heating or output electric energy according to the temperature of the self-heating battery; controlling the self-heating battery to provide electric energy for the electric pile temperature adjusting system according to the temperature of the fuel battery, and controlling the electric pile temperature adjusting system to heat the fuel battery; and when the temperature of the fuel cell is higher than the third preset temperature, outputting a fourth control signal, wherein the fourth control signal is used for reflecting the success of the start of the cold start system.
According to a second aspect, an embodiment provides a fuel cell system comprising a supply system, a fuel cell, and the cold start system of the first aspect;
the supply system is used for providing reactants for the fuel cell, wherein the reactants comprise an anode reactant and a cathode reactant;
the fuel cell is used for generating electricity by utilizing the reaction of reactants and supplying power to a motor or a storage battery of the new energy automobile;
the controller of the cold start system is also used for controlling the supply system to provide reactants for the fuel cell and controlling the fuel cell to perform reaction power generation when the temperature of the fuel cell is higher than a third preset temperature.
According to a third aspect, there is provided in one embodiment a control method of a cold start system, comprising:
the self-heating starting step is used for receiving a starting instruction, responding to the starting instruction, acquiring the temperature of the self-heating battery, and controlling the self-heating battery to perform self-heating or output electric energy according to the temperature of the self-heating battery;
the method comprises the steps of cold starting of the fuel cell, obtaining the temperature of the fuel cell, controlling the self-heating cell to provide electric energy for the electric pile temperature adjusting system according to the temperature of the fuel cell, and controlling the electric pile temperature adjusting system to heat the fuel cell;
and a normal starting step, wherein the temperature of the fuel cell is higher than a third preset temperature, and a fourth control signal is output and used for reflecting the success of cold starting of the cold starting system.
According to the fuel cell system, the cold start system and the control method of the embodiment, the cold start system comprises a controller, a self-heating cell, a temperature detection device and a stack temperature adjusting system; the temperature detection device is used for detecting the temperature of the self-heating battery; detecting a temperature of the fuel cell; the self-heating battery is used for providing electric energy for the electric pile temperature regulating system; the electric pile temperature regulating system is used for heating or cooling the fuel cell; the controller is used for receiving a starting instruction and controlling the self-heating battery to carry out self-heating or output electric energy according to the temperature of the self-heating battery; controlling the self-heating battery to provide electric energy for the electric pile temperature adjusting system according to the temperature of the fuel battery, and controlling the electric pile temperature adjusting system to heat the fuel battery; and when the temperature of the fuel cell is higher than the third preset temperature, outputting a fourth control signal, wherein the fourth control signal is used for reflecting the success of the start of the cold start system. It is thus clear that self-heating is carried out through the self-heating battery, accomplishes the cold start of self-heating battery self, and high-efficient pile temperature control system of ability provides the electric energy afterwards, heats fuel cell for fuel cell's temperature satisfies the electric reaction requirement, accomplishes the cold start fast.
Drawings
Fig. 1 and fig. 2 are schematic structural diagrams of a cold start system according to an embodiment;
FIGS. 3 and 4 are schematic structural diagrams of another cold start system according to an embodiment;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment;
fig. 6 and 7 are schematic structural views of another fuel cell system according to an embodiment;
fig. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a control method according to an embodiment.
Reference numerals: 1-a controller; 2-self-heating battery; 3-a temperature detection device; 4-a galvanic pile temperature regulation system; 5-a supply system; 6-a fuel cell; 7-a first heating assembly; 8-a fuel reforming system; 9-an electric motor; 10-a humidity detection device; 11-a second heating assembly; 100-Cold Start System.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings. Wherein like elements in different embodiments have been given like element numbers associated therewith. In the following description, numerous details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present application. However, those skilled in the art will readily recognize that some of the features may be omitted or replaced with other elements, materials, methods in different instances. In some instances, certain operations related to the present application have not been shown or described in detail in order to avoid obscuring the core of the present application from excessive description, and it is not necessary for those skilled in the art to describe these operations in detail, so that they may be fully understood from the description in the specification and the general knowledge in the art.
Furthermore, the features, operations, or characteristics described in the specification may be combined in any suitable manner to form various embodiments. Also, the various steps or actions in the method descriptions may be transposed or transposed in order, as will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art. Thus, the various sequences in the specification and drawings are for the purpose of describing certain embodiments only and are not intended to imply a required sequence unless otherwise indicated where such sequence must be followed.
The numbering of the components as such, e.g., "first", "second", etc., is used herein only to distinguish the objects as described, and does not have any sequential or technical meaning. The term "connected" and "coupled" when used in this application, unless otherwise indicated, includes both direct and indirect connections (couplings).
A new energy automobile with a fuel cell, which utilizes an anode reactant (generally hydrogen or methane) and a cathode reactant (generally oxygen or air) to perform an electrochemical reaction to generate electric energy and supply power to an electric motor or a storage battery of the automobile. In a low-temperature environment (temperature less than zero), moisture inside the fuel cell freezes, the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell is hindered by the ice, and cold start fails. Of course, the fuel cell is not only applied to new energy vehicles, but also applied to the fields of power generation equipment, aircrafts and the like, and the problem of low-temperature cold start is also solved. The present application is described with reference to a new energy vehicle as an application example, and is not intended to limit the system and method provided by the present application, but only to explain and explain the system and method of the present application.
The anode reactant source of the new energy automobile with the fuel cell can be a gas cylinder or a fuel reforming system. Wherein, the fuel reforming is to use liquid fuel (such as methanol, diesel oil, etc.) to produce hydrogen. The low temperature environment also affects the hydrogen production efficiency of the fuel reforming system, in other words, the fuel reforming system also needs to be cold started. Of course, the anode reactant may be obtained without reforming the fuel, and the reaction may be performed by directly supplying the anode reactant, such as a hydrogen cylinder.
In a common cold start mode of a new energy automobile (hereinafter, referred to as a vehicle) having a fuel cell, a storage battery is used to provide electric energy to components or devices or systems having heating functions, such as a heating assembly, and the fuel cell and a fuel reforming system are heated by the components, so that a temperature requirement required for start is completed. However, the performance of the battery is also affected in a low-temperature environment, which results in low efficiency of output electric energy and low cold start efficiency of the new energy automobile, and requires a long time.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a cold start system 100 of a fuel cell system, which includes a controller 1, a self-heating cell 2, a temperature detection device 3, and a stack temperature adjustment system 4; the fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell 6, and the controller 1 is electrically connected with the fuel cell 6, the self-heating cell 2, the temperature detection device 3 and the stack temperature regulation system 4 respectively.
The temperature detection device 3 is used for detecting the temperature of the self-heating battery 2; detecting the temperature of the fuel cell 6; the temperature detection device 3 includes a plurality of temperature sensors, and the self-heating battery 2 and the fuel cell 6 are respectively provided with at least one temperature sensor, that is, the temperature detection of the self-heating battery 2 and the fuel cell 6 can adopt a mode of arranging a backup sensor, so as to prevent the function failure of the whole cold start system 100 caused by the failure of a single temperature sensor.
The self-heating battery 2 is used for providing electric energy for the electric pile temperature regulating system 4; the self-heating battery 2 can perform two operation modes of self-heating and power output under the control of the controller 1, for example, the self-heating battery 2 can be an all-weather battery or other batteries with self-heating function.
The stack temperature control system 4 is used for heating or cooling the fuel cell 6; wherein, the stack temperature control system 4 can adopt the coolant system that new energy automobile itself has to realize the cooling function to fuel cell 6, heats the coolant liquid of coolant system through setting up the third heating element, realizes the heating function to fuel cell 6 from this. The coolant system has a cooling device with a cooling function, such as a refrigerator.
The controller 1 is configured to receive a start instruction, and control the self-heating battery 2 to perform self-heating or output electric energy according to the temperature of the self-heating battery 2; according to the temperature of the fuel cell 6, controlling the self-heating cell 2 to provide electric energy for the stack temperature adjusting system 4, and controlling the stack temperature adjusting system 4 to heat the fuel cell 6; and when the temperature of the fuel cell 6 is higher than the third preset temperature, outputting a fourth control signal, wherein the fourth control signal is used for reflecting the successful start of the cold start system 100. The fourth control signal can be used to control the fuel cell 6 to perform reaction power generation and control the fuel cell 6 to supply power to the motor 9 or the battery.
In a possible implementation manner, the controller 1 is further configured to control the self-heating battery 2 to perform self-heating when the temperature of the self-heating battery 2 is less than a first preset temperature; when the temperature of the self-heating battery 2 is higher than a first preset temperature, the self-heating battery 2 is controlled to stop self-heating, and the self-heating battery 2 is controlled to supply electric energy to the first heating assembly 7 and the stack temperature regulating system 4.
Based on the cold start system 100, when the vehicle needs to be cold started, the controller 1 receives a start instruction, obtains the temperature of the self-heating battery 2 (equivalent to obtaining the ambient temperature) through the temperature detection device 3 at this time, judges whether the current temperature needs to be cold started, and after the need is determined, controls the self-heating battery 2 to perform self-heating so that the self-heating battery 2 reaches the first preset temperature, and at this time, the self-heating battery 2 can efficiently supply power to the outside. And then, controlling the self-heating battery 2 to supply power to the stack temperature adjusting system 4, controlling the stack temperature adjusting system 4 to heat the fuel battery 6, determining that the cold start is finished when the temperature of the fuel battery 6 is higher than a third preset temperature, outputting a fourth control signal, and controlling the fuel battery 6 to perform reaction power generation through the fourth control signal. It can be seen that the energy source for the self-starting of the vehicle is derived from the self-heating battery 2, and the performance of the self-heating battery 2 is not affected by the low temperature, that is, the vehicle can quickly realize the cold start.
According to the above description, the control process of the controller 1 depends on the judgment of the temperature, and at this time, the controller 1 may adopt a mode including a comparator, and by comparing the measured temperature with the preset temperature, a corresponding trigger signal may be generated for triggering the corresponding gating circuit. Through the gating circuit, the power supply circuit of the self-heating battery 2 and the stack temperature regulation system 4 can be gated, so that the self-heating battery 2 supplies power to the stack temperature regulation system 4, for example, the third heating component supplies power. Of course, the controller 1 may also be a device having logic operation, such as a CPU, a PLC, and an FPGA.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, in a possible implementation manner, the fuel cell system may further include a fuel reforming system 8, and the temperature detection device 3 is further configured to detect the temperature of the fuel reforming system 8.
Wherein the cold start system 100 further comprises a first heating assembly 7, the first heating assembly 7 being used for heating the fuel reforming system 8.
The controller 1 is further configured to control the self-heating battery 2 to provide electric energy to the first heating assembly 7 according to the temperature of the fuel reforming system 8, and control the first heating assembly 7 to heat the fuel reforming system 8; when the temperature of the fuel reforming system 8 is greater than the second preset temperature and the temperature of the fuel cell 6 is greater than the third preset temperature, a fourth control signal is output.
That is, the self-heating battery 2 is also used for providing electric energy for the first heating assembly 7, the fuel system is heated by the first heating assembly 7, and when the temperature of the fuel reforming system 8 is greater than the second preset temperature, it indicates that the fuel reforming system 8 can efficiently produce hydrogen. When the temperature of the fuel cell 6 is greater than the third preset temperature, the fuel cell 6 can perform power generation with high efficiency. Under the control of the fourth control signal, the hydrogen generated by reforming (i.e. the anode reactant, which may be hydrogen or other gases) is delivered to the fuel cell 6 through the pipeline or the supply system 5 to generate electricity by reaction, and the vehicle operates normally.
Further, a buffer temperature interval may be provided between the self-heating and the power supply of the self-heating battery 2, that is, when the temperature is lower than a first preset temperature (e.g., 5 ℃), the self-heating battery 2 is controlled to perform the self-heating, and when the temperature is higher than a stop heating temperature (e.g., 10 ℃), the self-heating is stopped. That is to say, there is a buffer temperature interval of 5 ℃ in the middle, at this time, in order to prevent the self-heating battery 2 from stopping heating after being heated to the first preset temperature (for example, 5 ℃), the temperature is reduced to be lower than the first preset temperature by the influence of the low-temperature environment, such as being reduced to 4 ℃, the self-heating battery 2 repeats self-heating and stops self-heating, and the service life of the self-heating battery is ensured to be protected. And the setting of the heating stopping temperature is increased, so that the heating is stopped after the temperature is still higher than the first preset temperature, the instant temperature is reduced, the temperature of the self-heating battery 2 is still higher than the first preset temperature, and the temperature requirement of the self-heating battery for supplying power to the outside is met.
Therefore, in the control method of the present application, each preset temperature may be set to a buffer temperature range, so as to prevent the sudden drop of temperature from causing the controller to repeatedly control the self-heating battery 2 to perform self-heating or repeatedly control the stack temperature adjusting system 4 and the first heating element to perform heating.
Example two
As shown in fig. 5, the present embodiment provides a fuel cell system, which includes a supply system 5, a fuel cell 6, and the cold start system 100 described in any one of the possible implementations of the first embodiment and the first embodiment.
The supply system 5 is configured to provide reactants to the fuel cell 6, the reactants including an anode reactant and a cathode reactant. The cathode reactant may be provided using an air or oxygen supply, which may be an oxygen tank or a device that can generate oxygen. The anode reactant may be supplied using a hydrogen tank or a hydrogen supply device that may generate hydrogen. Of course, hydrogen and oxygen are merely exemplary as a set of reactants and are not intended to limit the present fuel cell system or cold start system 100. The anode reactant may also be a liquid reactant or a gaseous reactant other than hydrogen, and the fuel cell is not limited to a hydrogen fuel cell, and may be a gaseous fuel cell or a liquid fuel cell. However, the fuel cell is usually a hydrogen fuel cell, and therefore, the present embodiment is illustrated by using hydrogen as the anode reactant, so as to understand, but not limit, the type of fuel cell described in the present application.
The supply system 5 may include a blower, a pipeline, and a valve, the valve may be controlled by the controller 1 to be turned on and off, so as to realize switching of air paths, and the blower blows air under the control of the controller 1. When a liquid fuel cell is used, the supply system 5 also includes corresponding pumps, valves and piping.
The fuel cell 6 is used to generate electricity by reacting the reactant, and to supply electricity to the motor 9 or the battery of the new energy vehicle. The fuel cell 6 can also be used to supply power to the self-heating battery 2 when in normal operation, and the self-heating battery 2 is charged to store electric energy for the next cold start.
The controller 1 of the cold start system 100 is further configured to control the supply system 5 to provide the reactant to the fuel cell 6 and control the fuel cell 6 to perform reaction power generation when the temperature of the fuel cell 6 is greater than a third preset temperature. The controller 1 may also control the fuel cell 6 to supply power to the self-heating battery 2 according to the amount of power used by the vehicle and the amount of power of the self-heating battery 2.
As shown in fig. 6, in one possible implementation, the fuel cell system may further include a fuel reforming system 8.
The supply system 5 is also used to supply a reformate gas, typically oxygen or oxygen and steam, to the fuel reforming system 8 and also to supply a reformate fuel, such as methanol, to the fuel reforming system 8.
The fuel reforming system 8 is configured to generate an anode reactant and deliver the anode reactant to the fuel cell 6 through the supply system 5, which is a gaseous fuel cell.
The controller 1 of the cold start system 100 is further configured to control the supply system 5 to provide the reactant to the fuel cell 6 and control the fuel cell 6 to perform the reaction power generation when the temperature of the fuel cell 6 is greater than the third preset temperature and the temperature of the fuel reforming system 8 is greater than the second preset temperature. At this time, the cold start system 100 is a cold start system 100 having a first heating assembly 7, and the first heating assembly 7 is used to heat the fuel reforming system 8. For example, the first heating unit 7 heats the reformer of the fuel reforming system 8, and the temperature detection device 3 detects the temperature of the reformer.
It can be seen that, with the cold start system 100 provided in this embodiment, the new energy automobile with the fuel reforming system 8 can also complete cold start quickly, and the cold start energy consumption is low.
As shown in fig. 7, in one possible implementation, the fuel cell system may further include a humidity detection device 10 and a second heating assembly 11.
The humidity detection device 10 is used to detect the humidity at the electrode outlet of the fuel cell 6.
The second heating assembly 11 is used to heat the supply system 5.
The controller 1 is further configured to control the self-heating battery 2 or a storage battery of the vehicle to supply power to the second heating assembly 11 according to the humidity of the electrode outlet of the fuel cell 6, control the second heating assembly 11 to heat the supply system 5, and control the supply system 5 to supply the cathode reactant to the electrode outlet, so that the humidity of the electrode outlet is smaller than a first preset humidity. The electrode outlet is an anode outlet, or the anode outlet and the cathode outlet are both used for detection. The first heating assembly 7, the second heating assembly 11 and the third heating assembly may adopt heaters or other heating devices.
Through when the vehicle stops, sweeping the electrode outlet of the fuel cell 6, ensuring that the humidity of the electrode outlet is smaller than first preset humidity, so that the vehicle stops without the problem of icing in a large amount, and preventing the influence on the next cold start.
The embodiment also provides a new energy automobile, which comprises a motor 9 and the fuel cell system; the fuel cell 6 of the fuel cell system is electrically connected to the motor 9. The fuel cell 6 may be directly connected to the motor, or may be indirectly connected to the motor after being connected to the battery.
The technical effect of the new energy vehicle provided by the embodiment is the same as that of the fuel cell system provided by the embodiment, and is not described herein again.
EXAMPLE III
The following explains a specific process of a control method of a cold start system, a fuel cell system, or a new energy vehicle for performing the cold start system, and as shown in fig. 8, the control method includes the following steps:
the self-heating starting step is used for receiving a starting instruction, responding to the starting instruction, obtaining the temperature of the self-heating battery, and controlling the self-heating battery to carry out self-heating or output electric energy according to the temperature of the self-heating battery. The new energy automobile can run not only in a low-temperature environment but also in a normal environment, so that the new energy automobile needs to be judged to be in the low-temperature environment needing cold starting, and useless consumption of electric energy of the self-heating battery is avoided.
For example, the self-heating initiation step may include:
step 101: and receiving a starting instruction, and responding to the starting instruction to acquire the temperature of the self-heating battery. The controller obtains the temperature of the self-heating battery in real time through the temperature detection device, and therefore whether cold starting is needed or not is judged according to the temperature of the current environment.
Step 102: and when the temperature of the self-heating battery is lower than a first preset temperature, controlling the self-heating battery to perform self-heating. When the temperature is lower than a first preset temperature, the current environment temperature needs to be cold started, a first control signal is sent out by control at the moment, the first control signal is used for controlling the self-heating battery to carry out self-heating, so that the temperature of the self-heating battery is improved, and the electric energy output efficiency of the self-heating battery gets rid of the influence of low temperature.
Step 103: and when the temperature of the self-heating battery is higher than a first preset temperature, controlling the self-heating battery to stop self-heating, and executing a cold starting step of the reforming system and/or executing a cold starting step of the fuel cell. When the temperature of the self-heating cell is greater than or equal to the first preset temperature, it indicates that the self-heating cell can efficiently supply the electric energy required for cold start to the fuel cell and the fuel reforming system. When the fuel cell system or the new energy vehicle has a fuel reforming system, after the self-heating start-up step is completed, the reforming system cold start-up step and the fuel cell cold start-up step are performed, and the two steps may be performed simultaneously or sequentially without limiting the order between the two steps.
In one possible implementation, when the fuel cell system or the new energy vehicle has a fuel reforming system, in which case the fuel cell is a liquid fuel cell, the control method may further include:
and a cold starting step of the reforming system, acquiring the temperature of the fuel reforming system, controlling the self-heating battery to provide electric energy for the first heating assembly according to the temperature of the fuel reforming system, and controlling the first heating assembly to heat the fuel reforming system.
For example, the reforming system cold start-up step may include:
step 201: the temperature of the fuel reforming system is obtained. The required operating temperature of the corresponding fuel reforming system has the standard, so that the temperature of the fuel reforming system needs to be acquired in real time to judge whether the first heating assembly needs to be heated.
Step 202: when the temperature of the fuel reforming system is lower than a second preset temperature, the self-heating battery is controlled to provide electric energy for the first heating assembly, and the first heating assembly is controlled to heat the fuel battery. When the temperature is lower than the second preset temperature, the current environment temperature needs to be cold started, the controller sends a second control signal at the moment, the second control signal is used for controlling the self-heating battery to supply power to the first heating assembly, and the first heating assembly improves the temperature of the fuel reforming system, so that the reforming efficiency of the fuel reforming system is free from the influence of low temperature.
Step 203: the normal start-up step is performed when the temperature of the fuel reforming system is greater than a second preset temperature. When the fuel reforming system temperature is greater than or equal to the second preset temperature, it indicates that the fuel reforming system can efficiently provide the anode reactant for the fuel cell. It should be noted that the execution of the normal start-up step also requires that the fuel cell temperature be greater than or equal to a third preset temperature.
And a step of cold starting the fuel cell, acquiring the temperature of the fuel cell, controlling the self-heating cell to provide electric energy for the electric pile temperature adjusting system according to the temperature of the fuel cell, and controlling the electric pile temperature adjusting system to heat the fuel cell.
For example, the fuel cell cold start step may include:
step 301: the temperature of the fuel cell is acquired. The required operation temperature of the corresponding fuel cell has a standard, so that the temperature of the fuel cell needs to be acquired in real time to judge whether the stack temperature adjusting system is required to heat.
Step 302: and when the temperature of the fuel cell is lower than a third preset temperature, controlling the self-heating cell to provide electric energy for the electric pile temperature adjusting system, and controlling the electric pile temperature adjusting system to heat the fuel cell. When the temperature is lower than a third preset temperature, the current environment temperature needs to be cold started, the controller sends a third control signal at the moment, the third control signal is used for controlling the self-heating battery to supply power to the electric pile temperature adjusting system, and the electric pile temperature adjusting system improves the temperature of the fuel battery, so that the electrochemical reaction efficiency of the fuel battery is free from the influence of low temperature.
Step 303: and when the temperature of the fuel cell is higher than a third preset temperature, executing a normal starting step. When the temperature of the fuel cell is greater than or equal to the third preset temperature, it indicates that the fuel cell system can normally provide electric energy for the vehicle. It should be noted that when a fuel reforming system is present, performing the normal start-up step also requires that the fuel reforming system temperature be greater than or equal to a second predetermined temperature.
And a normal starting step, wherein the temperature of the fuel cell is higher than a third preset temperature, and a fourth control signal is output and used for reflecting the success of cold starting of the cold starting system.
The normal startup step may further include: and determining that the temperature of the fuel reforming system is greater than a second preset temperature and the temperature of the fuel cell is greater than a third preset temperature, and outputting a fourth control signal, wherein the fourth control signal is used for reflecting the success of cold start of the cold start system. After the normal starting step is completed, the fourth control signal sent by the controller can also be used for controlling the fuel cell and the fuel reforming system to operate so as to generate the electric energy required by the vehicle.
In a possible implementation manner, after the normal starting step, the control method may further include a fuel cell monitoring step of:
step 401: the temperature of the fuel cell is acquired. The fuel cell operation generates heat, and in order to avoid the situation that the temperature is higher than the working limit temperature, the temperature of the fuel cell needs to be monitored in real time.
Step 402: and when the temperature of the fuel cell is higher than the fourth preset temperature, controlling the stack temperature adjusting system to cool the fuel cell so that the temperature of the fuel cell is higher than the third preset temperature and lower than the fourth preset temperature. And the controller acquires the temperature of the fuel cell, and sends a fifth control signal when the temperature of the fuel cell is higher than a fourth preset temperature, wherein the fifth control signal is used for controlling the stack temperature regulating system to cool the fuel cell.
In a possible implementation manner, the control method may further include:
and a normal operation step, responding to a fourth control signal, controlling the fuel cell of the supply system to provide reactants, controlling the fuel cell to perform reaction power generation, and outputting electric energy to the vehicle. The fuel cell can be controlled to supply power to the self-heating battery.
The method comprises a shutdown purging step, a shutdown command is received, and the humidity of an electrode outlet of the fuel cell is obtained in response to the shutdown command; controlling the self-heating battery to supply power to the second heating assembly according to the acquired humidity of the electrode outlet of the fuel cell; controlling the second heating assembly to heat the supply system, and controlling the supply system to purge the fuel cell; and when the humidity of the electrode outlet of the fuel cell is smaller than a first preset humidity, controlling the supply system to stop purging. For example, the controller, according to the detection signal of the humidity detection device, determines that the humidity of the electrode outlet of the fuel cell meets the requirement, and when the humidity is greater than the first preset humidity, sends a sixth control signal, where the sixth control signal is used to control the second heating assembly to heat the supply system, and control the supply system to purge the fuel cell. The fuel cell which finishes shutdown purging has less water vapor inside and is not easy to be influenced by the icing problem.
Therefore, by the control method, the vehicle completes the operation processes of the cold system, the normal operation and the shutdown in the low-temperature environment, and in the processes, the cold start system ensures that all parts, devices or systems influenced by temperature and humidity are monitored and adjusted in real time, and the self-heating battery is used for providing electric energy, so that the cold start process time is short, and the efficiency is high.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the functions of the various methods in the above embodiments may be implemented by hardware, or may be implemented by computer programs. When all or part of the functions of the above embodiments are implemented by a computer program, the program may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and the storage medium may include: a read only memory, a random access memory, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a hard disk, etc., and the program is executed by a computer to realize the above functions. For example, the program may be stored in a memory of the device, and when the program in the memory is executed by the processor, all or part of the functions described above may be implemented. In addition, when all or part of the functions in the above embodiments are implemented by a computer program, the program may be stored in a storage medium such as a server, another computer, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a flash disk, or a removable hard disk, and may be downloaded or copied to a memory of a local device, or may be version-updated in a system of the local device, and when the program in the memory is executed by a processor, all or part of the functions in the above embodiments may be implemented.
The present invention has been described in terms of specific examples, which are provided to aid understanding of the invention and are not intended to be limiting. For a person skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions, modifications or substitutions may be made according to the idea of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A fuel cell system comprising a supply system, a fuel cell, and a cold start system;
the cold start system comprises a controller, a self-heating battery, a temperature detection device and a galvanic pile temperature adjusting system;
the temperature detection device is used for detecting the temperature of the self-heating battery; detecting a temperature of the fuel cell;
the self-heating battery is used for providing electric energy for the electric pile temperature regulating system;
the electric pile temperature adjusting system is used for heating or cooling the fuel cell;
the controller is used for receiving a starting instruction and controlling the self-heating battery to carry out self-heating or output electric energy according to the temperature of the self-heating battery; according to the temperature of the fuel cell, controlling the self-heating cell to provide electric energy for the electric pile temperature adjusting system, and controlling the electric pile temperature adjusting system to heat the fuel cell; when the temperature of the fuel cell is higher than a third preset temperature, outputting a fourth control signal, wherein the fourth control signal is used for reflecting the success of starting the cold start system;
the supply system is used for providing reactants for the fuel cell, wherein the reactants comprise an anode reactant and a cathode reactant;
the fuel cell is used for generating power by utilizing the reactant through reaction and supplying power to a motor or a storage battery of the new energy automobile;
the controller of the cold start system is also used for controlling the supply system to provide the reactant for the fuel cell and controlling the fuel cell to perform reaction power generation when the temperature of the fuel cell is higher than a third preset temperature;
the fuel cell system also comprises a humidity detection device and a second heating assembly;
the humidity detection device is used for detecting the humidity of an electrode outlet of the fuel cell;
the second heating assembly is used for heating the supply system;
the controller is further used for controlling the self-heating battery or a storage battery of the new energy automobile to supply power to the second heating assembly according to the humidity of the electrode outlet of the fuel cell, controlling the second heating assembly to heat the supply system, and controlling the supply system to provide cathode reactant for the electrode outlet, so that the humidity of the electrode outlet is smaller than a first preset humidity.
2. The fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the fuel cell system further includes a fuel reforming system, and the temperature detection means is further configured to detect a temperature of the fuel reforming system;
the cold start system further comprises a first heating assembly for heating the fuel reforming system;
the controller is further used for controlling the self-heating battery to provide electric energy for the first heating assembly according to the temperature of the fuel reforming system, and controlling the first heating assembly to heat the fuel reforming system; and outputting the fourth control signal when the temperature of the fuel reforming system is greater than a second preset temperature and the temperature of the fuel cell is greater than a third preset temperature.
3. The fuel cell system of claim 2, wherein the controller is further configured to control the self-heating cell to self-heat when the temperature of the self-heating cell is less than a first preset temperature; when the temperature of the self-heating battery is higher than a first preset temperature, controlling the self-heating battery to stop self-heating, and controlling the self-heating battery to provide electric energy for the first heating assembly and the electric pile temperature adjusting system; the self-heating battery is an all-weather battery.
4. The fuel cell system according to claim 2 or 3,
the supply system is further configured to provide a reformate gas to the fuel reforming system;
the anode reactant is gas, the fuel reforming system is used for generating the anode reactant and delivering the anode reactant to the fuel cell through the supply system;
and the controller of the cold start system is also used for controlling the supply system to provide the reactant for the fuel cell and controlling the fuel cell to perform reaction power generation when the temperature of the fuel cell is higher than a third preset temperature and the temperature of the fuel reforming system is higher than a second preset temperature.
5. A control method of a cold start system, comprising:
the method comprises the steps of self-heating starting, receiving a starting instruction, responding to the starting instruction, obtaining the temperature of a self-heating battery, and controlling the self-heating battery to perform self-heating or output electric energy according to the temperature of the self-heating battery;
the method comprises the steps of cold starting of a fuel cell, obtaining the temperature of the fuel cell, controlling the self-heating cell to provide electric energy for a stack temperature adjusting system according to the temperature of the fuel cell, and controlling the stack temperature adjusting system to heat the fuel cell;
and a normal starting step, wherein the temperature of the fuel cell is higher than a third preset temperature, and a fourth control signal is output and used for reflecting the success of cold starting of the cold starting system.
6. The control method according to claim 5, further comprising:
the method comprises the steps of cold starting of a reforming system, obtaining the temperature of a fuel reforming system, controlling a self-heating battery to provide electric energy for a first heating assembly according to the temperature of the fuel reforming system, and controlling the first heating assembly to heat the fuel reforming system;
the normal starting step further comprises: and determining that the temperature of the fuel reforming system is greater than a second preset temperature and the temperature of the fuel cell is greater than a third preset temperature, and outputting a fourth control signal, wherein the fourth control signal is used for reflecting the success of cold start of the cold start system.
7. The control method according to claim 6, wherein the self-heating start-up step includes:
receiving a starting instruction, and responding to the starting instruction to acquire the temperature of the self-heating battery;
when the temperature of the self-heating battery is lower than a first preset temperature, controlling the self-heating battery to perform self-heating;
and when the temperature of the self-heating battery is higher than a first preset temperature, controlling the self-heating battery to stop self-heating, and executing the cold starting step of the reforming system and/or executing the cold starting step of the fuel cell.
8. The control method of claim 6, wherein the reforming system cold start-up step comprises:
acquiring the temperature of a fuel reforming system;
when the temperature of the fuel reforming system is lower than a second preset temperature, controlling the self-heating battery to provide electric energy for a first heating assembly, and controlling the first heating assembly to heat the fuel battery;
executing a normal start-up procedure when the temperature of the fuel reforming system is greater than a second preset temperature;
and/or the fuel cell cold start step comprises:
acquiring the temperature of the fuel cell;
when the temperature of the fuel cell is lower than a third preset temperature, controlling the self-heating cell to provide electric energy for a stack temperature adjusting system, and controlling the stack temperature adjusting system to heat the fuel cell;
and executing a normal starting step when the temperature of the fuel cell is higher than a third preset temperature.
9. The control method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized by further comprising, after the normal start-up step, a fuel cell monitoring step of:
acquiring the temperature of the fuel cell;
and when the temperature of the fuel cell is higher than a fourth preset temperature, controlling a stack temperature adjusting system to cool the fuel cell so that the temperature of the fuel cell is higher than the third preset temperature and lower than the fourth preset temperature.
10. The control method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized by further comprising:
a normal working step, responding to the fourth control signal, controlling a supply system to provide reactants for the fuel cell, controlling the fuel cell to perform reaction power generation, and outputting electric energy to a vehicle;
a shutdown purging step, namely receiving a shutdown command, and responding to the shutdown command to acquire the humidity of an electrode outlet of the fuel cell; controlling the self-heating battery or the storage battery to supply power to the second heating assembly according to the acquired humidity of the electrode outlet of the fuel cell; controlling the second heating assembly to heat the supply system, and controlling the supply system to purge the fuel cell; and when the humidity of the electrode outlet of the fuel cell is smaller than a first preset humidity, controlling the supply system to stop purging.
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| CN101425595A (en) * | 2007-10-30 | 2009-05-06 | 三星Sdi株式会社 | Fuel reformer, fuel cell system and heater temperature control method |
| KR20160022492A (en) * | 2014-08-20 | 2016-03-02 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Fuel cell stack with self heating cells |
| CN111033845A (en) * | 2017-08-14 | 2020-04-17 | 日产自动车株式会社 | Fuel cell system and warm-up method for fuel cell system |
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| CA2473213C (en) * | 2003-07-09 | 2011-02-08 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Method of starting up operation of fuel cell at low temperature |
| CN113471488B (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2024-05-03 | 金龙联合汽车工业（苏州）有限公司 | Hybrid power system and battery low-temperature starting control method thereof |
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| CN101425595A (en) * | 2007-10-30 | 2009-05-06 | 三星Sdi株式会社 | Fuel reformer, fuel cell system and heater temperature control method |
| KR20160022492A (en) * | 2014-08-20 | 2016-03-02 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Fuel cell stack with self heating cells |
| CN111033845A (en) * | 2017-08-14 | 2020-04-17 | 日产自动车株式会社 | Fuel cell system and warm-up method for fuel cell system |
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