CN113523185B - Method for detecting compactness of sand mold/sand core for ink-jet 3D printing - Google Patents
Method for detecting compactness of sand mold/sand core for ink-jet 3D printing Download PDFInfo
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- CN113523185B CN113523185B CN202110705258.1A CN202110705258A CN113523185B CN 113523185 B CN113523185 B CN 113523185B CN 202110705258 A CN202110705258 A CN 202110705258A CN 113523185 B CN113523185 B CN 113523185B
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- sand mold
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- printing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/10—Cores; Manufacture or installation of cores
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material
- G01N23/2202—Preparing specimens therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material
- G01N23/225—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material using electron or ion
- G01N23/2251—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material using electron or ion using incident electron beams, e.g. scanning electron microscopy [SEM]
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting the density of an ink-jet 3D printing sand mold/sand core, and belongs to the technical field of image processing data. The invention solves the problems of complex operation and low detection speed of the existing sand mold (core) density detection method. The invention comprises the following steps: (1) Shooting a microscopic morphology scanning photo of a sand mold (core) sample printed by ink-jet 3D printing equipment; (2) Cutting and scanning photo frames, and keeping micro-morphology content of a sand mold (core) sample in the photo; (3) Adjusting a darker pit part in the scanned picture, and performing binarization processing on the adjusted picture; (4) Removing impurity points and fine spines from the binary image, and breaking narrow links; (5) And calculating the percentage of the white part area in the processed picture on the total area of the picture, wherein the larger the value is, the compactness is about small, and the larger the value is, the basis for evaluating the compactness of the inkjet 3D printing sand mould is. The method is suitable for rapidly evaluating the compactness of the ink-jet 3D printing sand mold (core).
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for detecting the density of a sand mold/sand core printed by ink-jet 3D, belonging to the technical field of image processing data.
Background
The 3D printing technology for sand (core) jet is a quick forming technology, and utilizes the printing head to move on the surface of sand bed, and utilizes the action of binder drop jetted from set zone and curing agent mixed in the sand in advance to make curing and forming of said set zone. The compactness of the sand mold (core) can influence the air permeability and the strength of the sand mold, and further influence the performance of the sand mold in the casting process. Therefore, a compactness evaluation of inkjet 3D printed sand molds (cores) is very necessary.
In general, a professional instrument is required to perform experiments on the density of the sand mold (core), the operation method is complex, and in order to meet and match the characteristics of high efficiency and high speed of ink-jet 3D printing, the method for rapidly evaluating the density of the 3D printing sand mold (core) is particularly important. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method for detecting the compactness of the sand mold/sand core by inkjet 3D printing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for evaluating the density of an inkjet 3D printing sand mold (core) based on digital image processing, aiming at solving the problems of complex operation and low detection speed of the existing sand mold (core) density detection method.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for detecting compactness of a sand mold/sand core printed by ink-jet 3D printing comprises the following steps:
step 1, collecting an inkjet 3D printing sand mold/sand core fracture image;
step 2, cutting the fracture image, and only keeping the micro-morphology part of the fracture of the sand mold/sand core;
step 3, adjusting the brightness and the contrast of the image subjected to the cutting treatment in sequence, and then carrying out binarization treatment to change the image into black and white;
step 4, performing opening operation and closing operation on the image processed in the step 3 to remove impurity points and fine spines, and breaking narrow links;
and 5, calculating the percentage of the area of the white part in the image with the reversed color after the processing of the step 4, namely the porosity of the ink-jet 3D printing sand mold.
Further limiting, the specific operation process of the step 1 of the image acquisition of the interrupt port comprises the following steps: and after the sand mold/sand core sample is subjected to cutting and gold spraying treatment, scanning to obtain a scanning electron microscope photo of the inkjet 3D printing sand mold/sand core sample, namely the fracture image of the inkjet 3D printing sand mold/sand core.
Further limiting, step 3 is to adopt a function imadjust () to adjust the brightness of the whole clipped image, and the parameter gamma is set to 0.75.
Further limiting, the image after brightness adjustment processing in step 3 adopts strel () to create 1 × 1 rectangular structural elements, uses imopen () function to process the image, then uses imadjust () function to perform contrast adjustment on the image, and sets a parameter [ low _ in; high _ in ] is [0/255;100/255], others default values.
And step 4, performing opening operation and closing operation on the binarized picture by using a function in MATLAB to remove impurity points and fine spikes, and breaking narrow links.
Further defined, step 5 is the percentage of the area of the white portion in the color-reversed image processed in step 4 using the function in MATLAB.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the method utilizes the characteristic that the ink-jet 3D printing sand mold (core) is a uniform and stable porous material which is bonded by molding sand, and the density of the sand mold (core) can be represented by the proportion introduction of two-dimensional inner sand grains, and finishes the evaluation of the density of the sand mold (core) by utilizing the image processing technology for fracture images of the ink-jet 3D printing sand mold (core).
The method provided by the invention accelerates the production test process of the sand mold (core), more quickly and intuitively feeds back the density of the ink-jet 3D printing sand mold (core), and provides a basis for the performance measurement of the sand mold (core).
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of a fracture of a sand mold (core) in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the effect of edge trimming in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of brightness adjustment in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of contrast adjustment in example 1;
FIG. 5 is an effect diagram of the embodiment 1 after binarization processing and color inversion;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the effects of the impurity treatment in example 1;
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the final effect of color inversion in example 1;
fig. 8 shows the log volume in the drainage test specimen.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The experimental procedures used in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified. The materials, reagents, methods and apparatus used, unless otherwise specified, are conventional in the art and are commercially available to those skilled in the art.
Example 1:
(1) Printing a sand mold (core) sample by using inkjet 3D printing equipment, taking a small part of the inkjet 3D printing sand mold (core) sample as a sample for shooting a scanning electron microscope photo, and shooting a scanning photo of a microstructure with a magnification of 500 times by using the scanning electron microscope, as shown in FIG. 1;
(2) Utilizing a picture cutting function in MATLAB software to cut the frame of the scanned picture and only keeping the micro-morphology content of the sand mold (core) sample in the picture, as shown in figure 2;
(3) Adjusting the darker pit part in the scanned picture by using a picture brightness adjusting function in MATLAB, wherein the parameter gamma is set to be 0.75, as shown in figure 3;
the image after brightness adjustment processing adopts strel () to create 1 × 1 rectangular structural elements, then adopts an imopen () function to adjust the image, uses an imoust () function to adjust the image contrast, and sets a parameter [ low _ in ]; high _ in ] is [0/255;100/255], others default values, as shown in FIG. 4;
performing binarization processing on the adjusted photo, performing color interchange, converting the solid part of a sand mold (core)) in the photo into black, and converting the pores into white, as shown in fig. 5;
(4) Opening operation is carried out on the binarized picture by utilizing a function in MATLAB to remove impurity points and fine spines, narrow links are broken, and the precision is improved, as shown in figure 6;
(5) And (3) interchanging the colors of the pictures to ensure that the pores are white and the solid part of the sand mold (core) is black, as shown in figure 7.
(6) And calculating the percentage of the area of the white part in the processed photo on the total area of the photo by using MATLAB software, wherein the percentage of the white part is 2.11%, and the more the white part is, the smaller the density of the sand mold (core) is, so that the method can be used as a basis for evaluating the density of the ink-jet 3D printing sand mold.
Comparative example 1:
taking another part of the inkjet 3D printing sand mold (core) sample, and testing the density of the sand mold and the volume V of micropores available in the porosity of the sand mold by adopting a traditional method n The ratio to the total volume of the sand molds represents, namely:
wherein, n: sand (core) porosity; v n -a micropore volume; v 0 -total volume of sand molds (cores); v a -total log volume. (1) Making the sample into rectangular sample, using vernier caliper to measure length, width and height, calculating sand mould (core) volume and recording as V 0 (ii) a (2) The volume of the raw material of the sample is tested by adopting a drainage method, distilled water is filled into a beaker, the beaker is placed on an electronic balance and is subjected to zero setting, the beaker is tied by a thin wire, a rectangular sample is placed into the beaker, the rectangular sample is positioned in the middle of the beaker, as shown in figure 8, and the reading record in the balance is read to be V a (ii) a And (3) calculating n as the porosity by adopting a formula.
And (4) comparing the samples:
the porosity measured by the method is 2.11%.
Porosity was measured to be 3.881% using method 1.
The calculation process is as follows:
V 0 ＝22.29×22.37×18.19＝9070.0306mm 3
drainage method test V a ＝8718mm 3 ；
Namely:
the above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The method for detecting the compactness of the sand mold/sand core printed by ink-jet 3D printing is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, collecting an inkjet 3D printing sand mold/sand core fracture image;
step 2, cutting the fracture image, and only keeping the micro-morphology part of the fracture of the sand mold/sand core;
step 3, adjusting the brightness and the contrast of the image subjected to the cutting treatment in sequence, and then carrying out binarization treatment to change the image into black and white;
step 4, performing opening operation and closing operation on the image processed in the step 3 to remove impurity points and fine spines, and breaking narrow links;
step 4, performing opening operation and closing operation on the binarized picture by using a function in MATLAB to remove impurity points and tiny spines, and breaking narrow links;
and 5, calculating the color reversal of the image processed in the step 4, wherein the percentage of the area of the white part is the porosity of the ink-jet 3D printing sand mold.
2. The method for detecting the compactness of the sand mold/sand core printed by ink-jet 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein the specific operation process of the step 1 of interrupting the image acquisition is as follows: and after the sand mold/sand core sample is subjected to cutting and gold spraying treatment, scanning to obtain a scanning electron microscope photo of the ink-jet 3D printing sand mold/sand core sample, namely the fracture image of the ink-jet 3D printing sand mold/sand core.
3. The method for detecting the compactness of the sand mold/sand core for 3D inkjet printing according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, brightness adjustment is carried out on the whole cut image by adopting a function imadjust () with the parameter gamma set to 0.75.
4. The method for detecting the compactness of the sand mold/sand core printed by ink-jet 3D according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the image subjected to brightness adjustment in the step 3 adopts strel () to create 1 × 1 rectangular structural elements, the image is processed by imopen () function, then contrast adjustment is carried out on the image by adopting imadjust () function, and a parameter [ low _ in is set; high _ in ] is [0/255;100/255].
5. The method for detecting the compactness of the sand mold/core for 3D inkjet printing according to claim 1, wherein the step 5 is a percentage of the area of the white part in the image processed in the step 4 by using a function in MATLAB.
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| JP3073221B2 (en) * | 1990-05-10 | 2000-08-07 | 株式会社リコー | Image area identification device |
| CN103471509A (en) * | 2013-03-25 | 2013-12-25 | 深圳信息职业技术学院 | Image analysis test method and image analysis test system applied to chip mounter |
| CN104647920B (en) * | 2015-02-15 | 2017-03-01 | 广东峰华卓立科技股份有限公司 | A kind of printer head ink-jet detection and control system and its method of work |
| JP6669444B2 (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2020-03-18 | 株式会社ミツトヨ | Modeling apparatus and modeling method |
| CN108061697B (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2020-09-25 | 石家庄铁道大学 | Method for calculating three-dimensional porosity of soil body |
| CN110097594A (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2019-08-06 | 云南安视智能设备有限公司 | A kind of method of detonator quantity statistics detection |
| CN110095065A (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2019-08-06 | 云南安视智能设备有限公司 | A kind of method of rose cut flower hierarchical detection |
| CN110910411B (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2022-12-09 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Shale crack automatic extraction method with size self-adaption function |
| CN110992353B (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2021-04-06 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Chip coating film quality detection method based on intelligent sensing |
| CN111208162B (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2021-02-26 | 成都理工大学 | Quantitative characterization method for rapidly determining organic matter pores based on scanning electron microscope and application |
| CN111595264A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-08-28 | 广西玉柴机器股份有限公司 | Method for digital rapid detection and analysis of sand core |
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