CN112014181B - Speckle and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
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- CN112014181B CN112014181B CN202010861114.0A CN202010861114A CN112014181B CN 112014181 B CN112014181 B CN 112014181B CN 202010861114 A CN202010861114 A CN 202010861114A CN 112014181 B CN112014181 B CN 112014181B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
Abstract
The invention discloses speckles and a preparation method of the speckles, and aims to solve the technical problems that in the prior art, the manufacturing process is complex, the distribution of the speckles is difficult to control, the surface property of a sample to be measured is influenced, and the micron scale is difficult to achieve. The speckles are arranged on the surface of a sample to be detected and comprise a coating attached to the surface of the sample to be detected and a through hole penetrating through the coating. Therefore, the through holes are used as speckles and obtained by removing the coating occupied by the speckles, and therefore damage to the surface of the sample to be measured can be avoided. The preparation method of the speckle comprises the following steps: (1) obtaining a sample to be detected, and then attaching a coating on the surface of the sample to be detected; (2) and removing part of the coating and forming a through hole penetrating through the coating to obtain the speckle. Therefore, the manufacturing process is very simple, the distribution of speckles is easy to control, and the surface property of the sample to be detected is not influenced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of speckles used in Digital Image Correlation (DIC) measurement technology, in particular to speckles and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In modern optomechanics measurement, DIC measurement technology has the advantages of wide application range, low requirement on experimental conditions, non-contact, high precision and the like, is a simple and efficient full-field displacement and strain measurement method, and is widely applied in the fields of experimental mechanics and the like.
With the development of manufacturing technology, in order to obtain more detailed performance indexes of components and materials and improve the manufacturing level, micro-nano-scale deformation is required to be measured. The DIC measurement technology is used as non-contact optical measurement, hardly influences the properties of a sample to be measured in the measurement, has the characteristic of full-field measurement, can comprehensively acquire information such as displacement, strain and the like of a member and a material, and is widely applied to micro-nano deformation measurement.
The DIC measurement technology determines the deformation characteristics of a sample to be measured by analyzing the correlation of speckles attached to the surface of the sample to be measured before and after deformation, the speckles serve as deformation sensing elements of the DIC measurement technology to reflect the deformation of components and materials, and the quality of the speckles directly influences the accuracy of an optical measurement result, so that the high-quality speckles play an important role in optical measurement, and the resolution of the speckles required by micrometer-scale deformation measurement also reaches micrometer-scale.
Common speckles used in DIC measurement are natural and artificial speckles.
The natural speckle refers to natural spots or textures on the surface of a sample to be measured, such as graphite spots on the surface of cast iron or textures on the surface of wood.
The artificial speckle refers to that the surface of a sample to be measured is processed by a manual method so that spots are attached to the surface of the sample. At present, common treatment methods are as follows: spray coating, chemical vapor deposition, nanoparticle spray coating, ultraviolet lithography, and the like.
However, the above common artificial speckle manufacturing methods all have certain problems: the speckles obtained by the manual spraying method are large, the minimum size is a sub-millimeter level, the measurement requirement of micro deformation cannot be met, and the speckles can be oxidized and even fall off at high temperature; the speckle prepared by the chemical vapor deposition method is greatly influenced by the surface property of a sample to be detected, and the physical and chemical properties of the surface of the sample to be detected can be changed in the preparation process; the speckles prepared by spraying the nano particles are also affected by the surface property of the sample to be detected, and the repeatability is poor. The ultraviolet lithography method can prepare submicron-level speckles, but has higher requirements on equipment and complex manufacturing process.
Therefore, a preparation method which can meet the requirements of micron-scale speckles, has simple preparation process and easily controlled speckle distribution and does not influence the surface property of a sample to be detected is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide speckles and a preparation method of the speckles, and solves the technical problems that in the prior art, the manufacturing process is complex, the distribution of the speckles is difficult to control, the surface property of a sample to be measured is influenced, and the micron scale is difficult to achieve.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, speckle is provided. The speckles are arranged on the surface of a sample to be detected and comprise a coating attached to the surface of the sample to be detected and a through hole penetrating through the coating. Therefore, the through holes are used as speckles and obtained by removing the coating occupied by the speckles, and therefore damage to the surface of the sample to be measured can be avoided.
Further, the preparation method of the speckle comprises the following steps:
(1) obtaining a sample to be detected, and then attaching a coating on the surface of the sample to be detected;
(2) and removing part of the coating and forming a through hole penetrating through the coating to obtain the speckle.
Further, the thickness of the coating is 0.02-0.2 mm.
Further, the average diameter of the through holes is 20-130 μm.
Furthermore, the distance between two adjacent through holes is less than or equal to 200 mu m.
Further, the color of the coating is different from that of the sample to be measured.
In order to achieve the above object, according to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a method of preparing speckles. The preparation method of the speckle comprises the following steps:
(1) obtaining a sample to be detected, and then attaching a coating on the surface of the sample to be detected;
(2) and removing part of the coating and forming a through hole penetrating through the coating to obtain the speckle.
Therefore, the manufacturing process is very simple, the distribution of speckles is easy to control, and the surface property of the sample to be detected is not influenced.
Further, spraying the slurry on the surface of a sample to be detected, and drying to obtain the coating.
Further, a laser is used to burn off a portion of the coating.
Further, the through hole is printed by a laser marking machine.
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description. Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to assist in understanding the invention, and are included to explain the invention and their equivalents and not limit it unduly. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of speckles according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of speckles in embodiment 1 of the present invention, in which fig. (a) is an original diagram of the speckles, and fig. (b) is a stretched diagram of the speckles.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing DIC results of speckles according to example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of speckles in embodiment 2 of the present invention, where fig. (a) is an original diagram of the speckles, fig. (b) is a first stretched diagram of the speckles, fig. (c) is a second stretched diagram of the speckles, and fig. (d) is a third stretched diagram of the speckles.
Fig. 5 is a graph showing DIC results for speckles according to example 2 of the present invention, wherein (a) is a graph showing DIC results after the first stretching, (b) is a graph showing DIC results after the second stretching, and (c) is a graph showing DIC results after the third stretching.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of speckles according to embodiment 3 of the present invention, in which fig. (a) is an original diagram of the speckles, and fig. (b) is a stretched diagram of the speckles.
Fig. 7 is an original diagram of speckles in embodiment 4 of the present invention.
The relevant references in the above figures are:
100-sample to be tested, 200-coating and 300-through hole.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will be able to implement the invention based on these teachings. Before the present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be noted that:
the technical solutions and features provided in the present invention in the respective sections including the following description may be combined with each other without conflict.
Moreover, the embodiments of the present invention described in the following description are generally only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Therefore, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without any creative effort shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
With respect to terms and units in the present invention. The terms "comprising," "having," and any variations thereof in the description and claims of this invention and the related sections are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.
In view of the defects of the existing speckle preparation method introduced in the background technology, the invention provides a novel speckle and a speckle preparation method. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
fig. 1 is a structural diagram of speckle. As shown in fig. 1, the speckles are disposed on the surface of the sample 100 to be measured, and the speckles include a coating 200 attached to the surface of the sample 100 to be measured and a through hole 300 penetrating through the coating 200.
The preparation method of the speckle comprises the following steps:
(1) obtaining a sample 100 to be detected, and then attaching a coating 200 on the surface of the sample 100 to be detected;
(2) speckle is obtained by removing part of the coating 200 and forming a through-hole 300 through the coating 200.
In the above technical solution, the through hole 300 is used as a speckle spot and is obtained by removing the coating 200 occupied by the speckle spot, so that damage to the surface of the sample 100 to be measured can be avoided; in addition, the manufacturing process of the speckles is very simple, the distribution of the speckles is easy to control, and the surface property of the sample to be measured 100 is not influenced.
In the step (1), the coating 200 is preferably attached by spraying, that is, the slurry is sprayed on the surface of the sample 100 to be tested, and the coating 200 is obtained after drying. Thus, the coating layer 200 is less likely to fall off, and contributes to obtaining a smoother surface, thereby contributing to obtaining the through-holes 300 of uniform size.
The surface of the sample 100 to be tested is preferably cleaned and polished prior to spraying, which further helps to obtain a coating 200 with a uniform thickness distribution.
The removal of part of the coating 200 in step (2) is preferably performed by laser burning, which has the advantages of high efficiency and easy control.
Because speckle spot quantity is more, in order to promote the efficiency of preparation, can further adopt laser marking machine to print through-hole 300. In the method, the running path and the laser parameters of the laser marking machine are set in advance according to the size and the distribution density of the required through holes 300, and then automatic printing is carried out, so that the efficiency is high, the obtained through holes 300 have high uniformity, and the requirement of high-quality speckles is met.
The thickness of the coating 200 is 0.02-0.2 mm. If the thickness of the coating 200 is greater than the above range, a laser with a higher intensity is required, and if the thickness of the coating 200 is less than the above range, the surface of the sample 100 to be measured may be damaged by the laser.
The average diameter of the through holes 300 is 20-130 μm. Therefore, the resolution requirement of a camera in the DIC measurement technology is met, and the micron-scale requirement is met.
The distance between two adjacent through holes 300 is less than or equal to 200 mu m. Therefore, the resolution requirement of a camera in the DIC measuring technology is met, the stretching area is ensured to have enough through holes 300, the deformation information of the stretching position can be obtained through analysis, and the accuracy is improved.
The coating 200 is different in color from the sample 100 to be measured, thereby facilitating more intuitive observation of the change in shape and position of the through-hole 300 before and after stretching. The coating 200 is preferably black, and thus can be adapted to most of the samples 100 to be tested.
The advantageous effects of the present invention are illustrated below by specific examples.
Example 1
The preparation method of the speckle comprises the following steps:
(1) obtaining a sample 100 to be tested, wherein the sample 100 to be tested is aluminum, the thickness of the sample is 1mm, and the size of the attachment surface of the coating 200 is 2mm x 6 mm;
(2) polishing the sample to be detected 100 by using sand paper, and then wiping the sample clean by using alcohol;
(3) spraying a layer of black paint on the surface of a sample to be detected 100, and drying at 180 ℃ for 35 minutes to obtain a coating 200 with the thickness of 0.1 mm;
(4) a laser marking machine is adopted, the printing speed is 500 mm/s, the laser power is 100%, and part of the coating 200 is removed through laser firing, so that speckles are obtained;
the test procedure was as follows:
firstly, an industrial camera is adopted to photograph a sample 100 to be detected after speckle is obtained, and the obtained photograph is shown in figure 2 (a); according to measurement, the average diameter of the through holes 300 printed on the surface of the sample 100 to be measured by the laser marking machine is 35-45 μm, and the distance is less than or equal to 200 μm;
then, stretching the sample 100 to be tested, and taking a picture of the stretched sample in situ to obtain a deformation diagram shown in fig. 2 (b);
the DIC results obtained by data processing of FIGS. 2(a) and (b) are shown in FIG. 3; in fig. 3, the closer to the fracture, the darker the color, and the greater the strain.
Example 2
The preparation method of the speckle comprises the following steps:
(1) obtaining a sample 100 to be tested, wherein the sample 100 to be tested is aluminum, the thickness of the sample is 1mm, and the size of the attachment surface of the coating 200 is 2mm x 6 mm;
(2) polishing the sample to be detected 100 by using sand paper, and then wiping the sample clean by using alcohol;
(3) spraying a layer of black paint on the surface of a sample to be detected 100, and drying at 180 ℃ for 35 minutes to obtain a coating 200 with the thickness of 0.2 mm;
(4) a laser marking machine is adopted, the printing speed is 450 mm/s, the laser power is 100%, and part of the coating 200 is removed through laser firing, so that speckles are obtained;
the test procedure was as follows:
firstly, an industrial camera is adopted to photograph a sample 100 to be detected after speckle is obtained, and the obtained photograph is shown in fig. 4 (a); according to measurement, the average diameter of through holes 300 printed on the surface of a sample 100 to be measured by a laser marking machine is 40-50 microns, and the distance is less than or equal to 200 microns;
then, stretching the sample 100 to be tested, and taking a picture after stretching in situ, wherein a deformation diagram after the first stretching is shown in fig. 4(b), a deformation diagram after the second stretching is shown in fig. 4(c), and a deformation diagram after the third stretching is shown in fig. 4 (d);
the DIC results obtained by data processing of fig. 4(a) and 4(b) are shown in fig. 5(a), the DIC results obtained by data processing of fig. 4(a) and 4(c) are shown in fig. 5(b), and the DIC results obtained by data processing of fig. 4(a) and 4(d) are shown in fig. 5 (c); comparing fig. 5(a) - (c), the closer to the fracture, the darker the color, and the greater the strain.
Example 3
The preparation method of the speckle comprises the following steps:
(1) obtaining a sample 100 to be tested, wherein the sample 100 to be tested is aluminum, the thickness of the sample is 1mm, and the size of the attachment surface of the coating 200 is 2mm x 6 mm;
(2) polishing the sample to be detected 100 by using sand paper, and then wiping the sample clean by using alcohol;
(3) spraying a layer of black paint on the surface of a sample to be detected 100, and drying at 180 ℃ for 35 minutes to obtain a coating 200 with the thickness of 0.02 mm;
(4) a laser marking machine is adopted, the printing speed is 400 mm/s, the laser power is 100%, and part of the coating 200 is removed through laser firing, so that speckles are obtained;
firstly, an industrial camera is adopted to photograph a sample 100 to be measured after speckle is obtained, and the obtained photograph is shown in fig. 6 (a); according to measurement, the average diameter of the through holes 300 printed on the surface of the sample 100 to be measured by the laser marking machine is 20-30 microns, and the distance is less than or equal to 200 microns;
then, stretching the sample 100 to be tested, and taking a picture of the stretched sample in situ to obtain a deformation diagram as shown in fig. 6 (b); as can be seen from fig. 6(b), the through-hole 300 at the stretched position is deformed accordingly.
Example 4
The preparation method of the speckle comprises the following steps:
(1) obtaining a sample 100 to be tested, wherein the sample 100 to be tested is aluminum, the thickness of the sample is 1mm, and the size of the attachment surface of the coating 200 is 2mm x 6 mm;
(2) polishing the sample to be detected 100 by using sand paper, and then wiping the sample clean by using alcohol;
(3) spraying a layer of black paint on the surface of a sample to be detected 100, and drying at 180 ℃ for 35 minutes to obtain a coating 200 with the thickness of 0.2 mm;
(4) a laser marking machine is adopted, the printing speed is 400 mm/s, the laser power is 100%, and part of the coating 200 is removed through laser firing, so that speckles are obtained;
photographing the sample to be measured 100 with the speckle by using an industrial camera, wherein the obtained photograph is shown in fig. 7; according to measurement, the average diameter of the through holes 300 printed on the surface of the sample 100 to be measured by the laser marking machine is 50-60 μm, and the distance is less than or equal to 200 μm.
Example 5
The preparation method of the speckle comprises the following steps:
(1) obtaining a sample 100 to be tested, wherein the sample 100 to be tested is aluminum, the thickness of the sample is 1mm, and the size of the attachment surface of the coating 200 is 2mm x 6 mm;
(2) polishing the sample to be detected 100 by using sand paper, and then wiping the sample clean by using alcohol;
(3) spraying a layer of black paint on the surface of a sample to be detected 100, and drying at 180 ℃ for 35 minutes to obtain a coating 200 with the thickness of 0.05 mm;
(4) a laser marking machine is adopted, the printing speed is 500 mm/s, the laser power is 100%, and part of the coating 200 is removed through laser firing, so that speckles are obtained;
according to measurement, the average diameter of the through holes 300 printed on the surface of the sample 100 to be measured by the laser marking machine is 75-85 μm, and the distance is less than or equal to 200 μm.
The laser markers used in examples 1 to 5 were those manufactured by Zhejiang Xiaihui mechanical Co., Ltd., model No. JW-F20W.
The cameras in examples 1 to 5 were manufactured by Mv-GEC1200C-TPO, Middwev technologies, Inc., Shenzhen, having an effective pixel size of 1200 ten thousand, a resolution @ frame rate of 4080X3072@9.7FPS, a pixel size of 3.1X 3.1 μm, a pixel bit depth of 12 bits, and a color camera type.
The contents of the present invention have been explained above. Those skilled in the art will be able to implement the invention based on these teachings. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the above description without inventive step, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The speckle is arranged on the surface of a sample (100) to be measured, and is characterized in that: the speckles comprise a coating (200) attached to the surface of the sample (100) to be measured and through holes (300) penetrating through the coating (200); the through-hole (300) acts as a spot of speckle, resulting from the removal of the coating (200) it occupies; the thickness of the coating (200) is 0.02-0.2 mm; the average diameter of the through holes (300) is 20-130 mu m;
the preparation method of the speckle comprises the following steps:
(1) obtaining a sample (100) to be detected, and then attaching a coating (200) on the surface of the sample (100) to be detected; spraying the slurry on the surface of a sample (100) to be tested, and drying to obtain a coating (200);
(2) and (3) removing part of the coating (200) by laser burning and forming a through hole (300) penetrating through the coating (200), thus obtaining the speckle.
2. The speckle of claim 1, wherein: the distance between two adjacent through holes (300) is less than or equal to 200 mu m.
3. The speckle of claim 1, wherein: the color of the coating (200) is different from that of the sample (100) to be measured.
4. A method of producing speckles as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
(1) obtaining a sample (100) to be detected, and then attaching a coating (200) on the surface of the sample (100) to be detected; spraying the slurry on the surface of a sample (100) to be tested, and drying to obtain a coating (200);
(2) and (3) removing part of the coating (200) by laser burning and forming a through hole (300) penetrating through the coating (200), thus obtaining the speckle.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein: and printing the through hole (300) by using a laser marking machine.
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| CN113607509A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-11-05 | 上海交通大学 | Low-temperature speckle preparation system and method based on silk-screen printing |
| CN114769092B (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2023-05-12 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Device and method for preparing speckles based on color-changing coating |
| CN114858077B (en) * | 2022-05-08 | 2023-08-15 | 湖南大学 | Improved multi-scale high-temperature speckle preparation method |
| CN116608776B (en) * | 2022-09-14 | 2023-10-13 | 北京航空航天大学 | Automatic high-temperature multi-scale speckle spot coating device and spot coating method |
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| GB1460861A (en) * | 1974-03-05 | 1977-01-06 | Nat Res Dev | Interferrometers |
| JPS63217626A (en) * | 1987-03-06 | 1988-09-09 | Nikon Corp | Aligner |
| US9513214B2 (en) * | 2013-07-02 | 2016-12-06 | Corning Incorporated | Skewed sectional measurement of striated glass |
| US20180341098A1 (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2018-11-29 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Combined optical micromanipulation and interferometric topography |
| CN105486564B (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2017-02-22 | 上海理工大学 | Manufacturing method of speckles for deformation measurement |
| CN106018036B (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2019-10-29 | 清华大学 | The production method and device of concrete surface speckle |
| CN108195298B (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2019-09-06 | 清华大学 | A kind of high-temperature speckle and its adjustable control Preparation Method |
| CN109959543A (en) * | 2019-05-05 | 2019-07-02 | 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 | The method of speckle labeling method and detection coating material damage |
| CN210689538U (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2020-06-05 | 广州市元奥仪器有限公司 | Speckle manufacturing tool for deformation measurement |
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