CN113523148B - Complex double-curvature skin part forming method - Google Patents
Complex double-curvature skin part forming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113523148B CN113523148B CN202110854395.1A CN202110854395A CN113523148B CN 113523148 B CN113523148 B CN 113523148B CN 202110854395 A CN202110854395 A CN 202110854395A CN 113523148 B CN113523148 B CN 113523148B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
- B21D53/92—Making other particular articles other parts for aircraft
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
- B21D26/021—Deforming sheet bodies
- B21D26/031—Mould construction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
Abstract
The invention discloses a complex double-curvature skin part forming method, which comprises the steps of firstly forming a double-curvature part in the range of 1/5-1/3 of the bottom of a part by adopting an active liquid filling forming mode through a pre-forming die, and forming the side wall of the double-curvature part and local features on the side wall by adopting a passive liquid filling forming mode through a final forming die. The invention adopts the active liquid-filling forming mode to change the stress state of the skin part in the skin drawing forming process, eliminates the problems of top fracture and suspended area wrinkling caused by uneven stress and large section size change in the drawing process, adopts the passive liquid-filling forming mode to form soft draw beads in the forming process, is favorable for inhibiting wrinkling, and can form local complex characteristics such as pits, bulges and the like on the side wall of the double-curvature skin part.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of plastic forming of plates, in particular to a forming method for complex double-curvature skin parts.
Background
The aircraft skin is a part which is enclosed outside the aircraft skeleton structure and fixed on the skeleton by bonding or riveting to form the aerodynamic shape of the aircraft, and plays a role in bearing and transmitting the starting load. The aluminum alloy skin part is widely applied in the field of aviation manufacturing, and is divided into two types of parts of single-curvature skin and double-curvature skin according to the appearance of the part, the traditional large-scale skin part is usually manufactured by adopting skin pulling, but for the double-curvature skin part with pits, bulges and larger part section size change, especially for the part with the curvature change in different directions at the end of the skin part, the phenomenon of non-sticking film can occur at the transition part of the pits, bulges and the like and the skin profile by adopting the pulling process. In general, the skin pulling process is adopted to control the change of the cross section size of the skin part within a range of 6%, for the change of the cross section size exceeding 6%, the suspension area plate wrinkling phenomenon is easily caused due to uneven plate deformation in the pulling process, and for the area with larger cross section size change, the risk of orange peel and cracking is easily caused at the position with larger deformation due to larger deformation quantity difference at different cross sections, so that the qualified part is difficult to form. At present, the skin part of the type is mostly formed by split forming or by adopting a drop forming process, when the drop forming is adopted, wrinkling phenomenon can be generated in the forming process of each stage, and manual repair is needed, so that the formed part has poor surface quality and uneven thickness distribution. When split forming is adopted, the assembly difficulty is increased, and the pneumatic layout of skin parts is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of non-sticking film, wrinkling, cracking and the like of the complex double-curvature skin part in the pulling process, the invention provides a complex double-curvature skin part forming method and a die structure, and solves the problem of forming a large complex double-curvature skin part.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: a complex double-curvature skin part forming method is characterized in that a double-curvature part in the range of 1/5-1/3 of the bottom of a part is firstly formed by adopting an active liquid filling forming mode through a pre-forming die, and a side wall and a local feature on the side wall of the double-curvature part are formed by adopting a passive liquid filling forming mode through a final forming die, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
1, constructing a reference profile: according to the double-curvature skin part model, the drawing direction is adjusted to enable the final drawing height of the part to be minimum, a normal plane in the drawing direction is constructed, the normal plane is in a range of 15mm-25mm above the part model, a drawing contour line and a flange face are constructed on the normal plane, two ends of the drawing contour line are transited by adopting a large arc, the drawing contour line is larger than the part model contour, a drawing face is constructed on the drawing contour line along the drawing direction, an externally inserted extension face of the part model is intersected with the drawing face, the flange face is intersected with the drawing face, the two intersection positions are trimmed and rounded to obtain a concave die fillet and a convex die fillet, the distance rounding of an edge line of the part model is larger than 15mm, and a reference profile is constructed as shown in fig. 2.
2, constructing a preformed female die profile: and (3) constructing a preformed female die flange surface according to the flange surface translation of the reference molded surface, trimming and rounding the convex preformed female die flange surface and the reference molded surface to construct the preformed female die flange surface, wherein the height of the preformed female die flange surface from the bottom of the part model is 1/5-1/3 of the height of the part model.
3, manufacturing a pre-forming die: comprises a preformed female die, a preformed blank holder, a preformed liquid filling interface and the like.
4, constructing the profile of a final forming male die: and extracting the reference molded surface to remove the flange surface and the die fillet, and constructing the final forming male die molded surface.
5, constructing the molded surface of the final forming female die: extracting a flange surface, a stretching surface and a die fillet of the reference molded surface, and then carrying out normal amplification deflection to construct the final-forming die molded surface.
And 6, manufacturing a final forming die which comprises a final forming female die, a final forming blank holder, a final forming male die, a male die adapter block, a final forming guide plate, a male die base, a final forming liquid filling interface and the like.
And 7, placing the plate on a preformed female die, positioning the plate, closing the die of the preformed female die 9 and a preformed blank holder 10, and setting initial blank holder force.
And 8, supplementing a liquid medium to the pre-forming female die through a pre-forming liquid filling interface, and increasing a blank pressing force along with the increase of the liquid pressure to enable the plate material to be gradually attached to the pre-forming female die, wherein the blank pressing force F=P1.S1+P2.S2, wherein P1 is the liquid pressure, S1 is the area within a round angle of the pre-forming female die, S2 is the flange area of the plate material, P2 is a general experience value, and the selection range is (0.8-2.5 MPa) according to the formed part material and thickness.
And 9, placing the preformed working procedure piece serving as a final forming initial plate material on a final forming female die, and supplementing liquid medium to a final forming liquid chamber through a final forming liquid filling interface. The bottom molded surface of the preformed bottom molded surface and the bottom molded surface of the final forming male mold are positioned in a molded surface matching mode, and when the flange of the plate material contacts the upper surface of the final forming female mold and liquid overflows from the upper surface of the final forming female mold, the final forming male mold stops moving downwards.
And 10, after the positioning of the part is finished, the final forming blank holder and the final forming female die are clamped, and meanwhile, the blank holder force is set.
11 the final forming male die starts to move downwards according to the set displacement curve, and meanwhile liquid medium is supplemented into the liquid chamber through the final forming liquid filling interface, and the final forming male die continuously moves downwards to the final position of the part.
The invention has the advantages that the first step adopts the active liquid filling forming mode, the area of a suspension empty area can be reduced, meanwhile, the plate is uniformly restrained in the thickness direction under the action of liquid pressure, the bottom double-curvature part of the complex double-curvature part can be formed, the stress state of the skin part in the drawing process is changed, the problems of top fracture and suspension area wrinkling caused by uneven stress and large section size change in the drawing process are eliminated, the maximum difficulty in the large-size double-curvature skin part forming process is solved, and the active liquid filling forming mode can be adopted to obtain better surface quality of the part. And the second step adopts a passive liquid filling forming mode, the plate gradually sticks to the male die under the action of liquid pressure in the drawing process, and soft draw beads are formed in the forming process, so that wrinkling is restrained, and meanwhile, local complex characteristics such as pits, bulges and the like on the side wall of the double-curvature skin part can be formed.
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a double curvature skin part;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a build reference profile;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the profile of a preformed female die;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a preform mold structure;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the final forming mold.
The numbering in the figures illustrates: 1. flange face, 2. Draw contour line, 3. Die fillet, 4. Draw face, 5. Punch fillet, 6. Part form, 7. Extrapolated extension face, 8. Preformed die flange face, 9. Preformed die, 10. Preformed blank holder, 11. Preformed liquid interface, 12. Working element, 13. Vent hole, 14. Final formed liquid interface, 15. Final formed liquid chamber, 16. Final formed die, 17. Final formed guide plate, 18. Punch base, 19. Punch adapter plate, 20. Final formed blank holder, 21. Final formed punch.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1-5 are schematic diagrams of the liquid-filling forming process of the large complex double-curvature skin part of the invention, wherein the forming process mainly comprises the following steps:
1, constructing a reference profile: according to the double-curvature skin part model 6, the drawing direction is adjusted to enable the final drawing height of the part to be minimum, a normal plane of the drawing direction is constructed, the normal plane is located in a range of 15mm-25mm above the part model, a drawing contour line 2 and a flange face 1 are constructed on the normal plane, transition is carried out on two ends of the drawing contour line 2 through large circular arcs, the drawing contour line 2 is larger than the contour of the part model 6, the drawing contour line 2 is constructed into a drawing face 4 along the drawing direction, an externally inserted extension face 7 of the part model 6 is intersected with the drawing face 4, the flange face 2 is intersected with the drawing face 4, trimming and rounding are carried out on two intersecting positions, a die fillet 3 and a punch fillet 5 are obtained, the distance rounding of the edge line of the part model 6 is larger than 15mm, and a reference profile is constructed as shown in fig. 2.
2, constructing a preformed female die profile: and (3) constructing a preformed female die flange surface 8 according to the translation of the flange surface 1 of the reference molded surface, wherein the height of the preformed female die flange surface 8 from the bottom of the part model 6 is 1/5-1/3 of the height of the part model 6, and trimming and rounding the convex preformed female die flange surface 8 and the reference molded surface to construct the preformed female die flange surface 8.
3, manufacturing a pre-forming die: comprising a preformed female die 9, a preformed blank holder 10, a preformed liquid filling interface 14 and the like.
4, constructing the profile of a final forming male die: and extracting the reference molded surface to remove the flange surface 1 and the die fillet 3, and constructing the final forming male die molded surface.
5, constructing the molded surface of the final forming female die: extracting a flange surface 1, a stretching surface 4 and a die fillet 3 of the reference molded surface, and then carrying out normal amplification offset to construct the final-formed die molded surface.
6 manufacturing the final forming die comprises a final forming female die 16, a final forming blank holder 20, a final forming male die 21, a male die adapter block 19, a final forming guide plate 17, a male die base 18, a final forming liquid filling interface 14 and the like.
And 7, placing the plate on a preformed female die 9, positioning the plate, closing the die of the preformed female die 9 and a preformed blank holder 10, and setting initial blank holder force.
8, supplementing a liquid medium to the preformed female die 9 through the preformed liquid filling interface 11, and increasing the blank holder force along with the increase of the liquid pressure to enable the plate material to be gradually attached to the preformed female die 9, wherein the blank holder force F=P1.S1+P2.S2, wherein P1 is the liquid pressure, S1 is the area within the circular angle of the preformed female die, S2 is the flange area of the plate material, P2 is a general experience value, and the selection range is (0.8-2.5 MPa) according to the formed part material and thickness.
9 the preformed work piece 12 is placed as a final-form initial sheet on a final-form die 16, and the liquid medium is replenished into the final-form liquid chamber 15 through the final-form liquid-filling port 14. The bottom profile of the preformed bottom profile and the bottom profile of the final forming male die 21 are positioned in a profile matching mode, and when the flange of the plate material contacts with the upper surface of the final forming female die 16 and liquid overflows from the upper surface of the final forming female die 16, the final forming male die 21 stops moving downwards.
10 after the positioning of the part is completed, the final forming bead 20 is clamped with the final forming die 16 while the bead force is set.
11 the final forming punch 21 starts to move downwards according to the set displacement curve and simultaneously the liquid medium is replenished into the liquid chamber 15 through the final forming liquid filling port 14, and the final forming punch 21 continues to move downwards to the final position of the part.
Claims (4)
1. A complex double-curvature skin part forming method is characterized in that a double-curvature part in the range of 1/5-1/3 of the bottom of a part is firstly formed by adopting an active liquid filling forming mode through a pre-forming die, and a side wall and a local feature on the side wall of the double-curvature part are formed by adopting a passive liquid filling forming mode through a final forming die, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, constructing a reference profile;
step 2, constructing a preformed female die profile;
step 3, manufacturing a pre-forming die: comprises a preformed female die, a preformed blank holder and a preformed liquid filling interface;
step 4, constructing the profile of a final forming male die: extracting a reference molded surface to remove a flange surface and a die fillet, and constructing a final forming male die molded surface;
step 5, constructing the molded surface of the final forming female die: extracting a flange surface, a stretching surface and a die fillet of the reference molded surface, and then carrying out normal amplification deflection to construct a final forming die molded surface;
step 6, manufacturing a final forming die which comprises a final forming female die, a final forming blank holder, a final forming male die, a male die adapter block, a final forming guide plate, a male die base and a final forming liquid filling interface;
step 7, placing the plate on a preformed female die, positioning the plate, closing the preformed female die and a preformed blank holder, and setting initial blank holder force;
step 8, supplementing a liquid medium to a pre-forming female die through a pre-forming liquid filling interface, and increasing a blank holder force along with the increase of liquid pressure to enable a plate material to be gradually attached to the pre-forming female die, wherein the blank holder force F=P1.S1+P2.S2, wherein P1 is the liquid pressure, S1 is the area within a round angle of the pre-forming female die, S2 is the flange area of the plate material, and P2 is a general experience value and is selected according to the formed part material and thickness;
step 9, placing the preformed working procedure piece serving as a final forming initial plate on a final forming female die, supplementing a liquid medium to a final forming liquid chamber through a final forming liquid filling interface, positioning by adopting a mode of matching the preformed bottom molded surface and the final forming male die bottom molded surface, and stopping downward movement of the final forming male die when a flange of the plate material contacts the upper surface of the final forming female die and liquid overflows from the upper surface of the final forming female die;
step 10, after the positioning of the part is completed, the final forming blank holder and the final forming female die are clamped, and blank holder force is set at the same time;
and 11, starting to move downwards according to the set displacement curve, and simultaneously supplementing liquid medium into the liquid chamber through the final forming liquid filling interface, wherein the final forming male die continuously moves downwards to the final position of the part.
2. The method for forming the complex double-curvature skin part according to claim 1, wherein the step 1 is characterized by constructing a reference profile, and the specific process is as follows: according to the double-curvature skin part model, the drawing direction is adjusted to enable the final drawing height of the part to be minimum, a normal plane of the drawing direction is constructed, the normal plane is in a range of 15mm-25mm above the part model, a drawing contour line and a flange face are constructed on the normal plane, two ends of the drawing contour line are transited by adopting a large arc, the drawing contour line is larger than the contour of the part model, a drawing face is constructed on the drawing contour line along the drawing direction, an externally inserted extension face of the part model is intersected with the drawing face, the flange face is intersected with the drawing face, two intersected positions are trimmed and rounded, a concave die fillet and a convex die fillet are obtained, the distance rounding of an edge line of the part model is larger than 15mm, and a reference profile is constructed.
3. The method for forming the complex double-curvature skin part according to claim 1, wherein the step 2 is characterized by constructing a preformed female die surface, and the specific process is as follows: and (3) constructing a preformed female die flange surface according to the flange surface translation of the reference molded surface, trimming and rounding the preformed female die flange surface and the reference molded surface to construct the preformed female die flange surface, wherein the height of the preformed female die flange surface from the bottom of the part model is 1/5-1/3 of the height of the part model.
4. The method for forming a complex double-curvature skin part according to claim 1, wherein in the step 8, P2 is selected to be in a range of 0.8 to 2.5MPa according to the material and thickness of the formed part.
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| CN202110854395.1A CN113523148B (en) | 2021-07-27 | 2021-07-27 | Complex double-curvature skin part forming method |
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| CN202110854395.1A CN113523148B (en) | 2021-07-27 | 2021-07-27 | Complex double-curvature skin part forming method |
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| CN113523148B true CN113523148B (en) | 2023-06-23 |
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| CN113857356A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2021-12-31 | 西安航空学院 | Forming die and method for airplane skin parts |
| CN114798885B (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2023-03-14 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Method for forming bulging rib groove composite characteristic metal plate component |
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| CN111195673A (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2020-05-26 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Liquid filling press forming device for variable cross-section special-shaped pipe fitting |
| CN111745027A (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-10-09 | 陕西飞机工业（集团）有限公司 | Method for forming saddle-shaped skin part |
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2021
- 2021-07-27 CN CN202110854395.1A patent/CN113523148B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10153600A1 (en) * | 2001-11-02 | 2003-05-15 | Forschungsges Umformtechnik | Chasing and subsequent hydromechanical deep drawing process involves performing sheet in hydraulic fluid in drawing direction |
| JP2008036658A (en) * | 2006-08-03 | 2008-02-21 | Toyota Auto Body Co Ltd | Forming method by deep drawing |
| CN107755511A (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2018-03-06 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of swelling pressure combined shaping method for thin-walled parts roundlet corner characteristics |
| CN106424355A (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2017-02-22 | 中国南方航空工业(集团)有限公司 | Annular thin-wall part molding die and molding method |
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